Malolos Republic

MALOLOS
Republic
Short Review of the
Discovery of the
Katipunan
July 5, 1896 August 13,
Manuel Sityar reported Fr. Agustin Fernandez wrote
the questionable activities 1896
to Don Manuel Luengo (civil
of some Filipinos. governor of Manila) about
the evening gatherings in his
parish, by men plotting
against the Spaniards
August 19, August 21-22, 1896

• Bonifacio called for a meeting
1896
Teodoro
the
Patino
secrecy
betrayed
of the at the house of Vidal Acan
Katipunan to Fr. Mariano • Emilio Jacinto called the head
Gil; the Katipunan was of Katipunan Council to
discovered discuss their measures
August 23, 1896 August 29,
(Cry of Pugad Lawin/Cry of Melchora Aquino was
Balintawak) Bonifacio, Jacinto arrested for giving1896
aid to
and othe r Katipuneros met at the Katipuneros
Melchora Aquino's residence
and tore their cedulas
personales, the symbol of the
Filipino vassalage to Spain and
shouted "Long live the
Philippines! Long live the
Katipunan!" August 30, 1896
Gov.- Gen. Ramon Blanco issue a decree declaring a state of
war in Manila and Seven provinces of Luzon-Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac and put
them under martial law a few hours after the Battle of
Malolos Republic
• The Malolos Constitution establishing
the First Philippine Republic was
proclaimed on January 23, 1899
• The First Philippine Republic was established during the
Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire
(1896–1897) and the Spanish–American War between
Spain and the United States (1898). Following the
American victory at the Mock Battle of Manila, Aguinaldo
returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine
Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and
established successive revolutionary Philippine
Malolos Republic
In December 1898, Spain and the United States signed the two
countries' 1898 Treaty of Paris, officially ending the
Spanish–American war with Spain ceding its territorial claims over
the Philippines to the United States. However, mutual ratification of
this treaty would not be exchanged and proclaimed until April 11,
1899, in Washington, D.C., United States. The Malolos Constitution
establishing the First Philippine Republic was proclaimed on January
23, 1899. The Philippine–American War began with the first shots
being fired by American soldiers on February 4, 1899, which was
before the Treaty of Paris was officially effective. The
The Inauguration of the First Philippine Republic in Malolos, January 23,
1899
Blue Eagle Eye
• Try to decipher the secret message
as you go through eacch slides.
• There are letters marked in red that

you must write down for it will form
the secret message
Introduction and Dictatorial Government
• Aguinalado was proclaimed the president of the Philippine

Republic in Malolos.
• Aguinaldo established the Dictatorial Government in May
1898 to show the capacity of Filipinos for self-government
and a month later, the Revolutionary Government.
• Different departments were created for the division of duties
of the new government.
• December 1898 - Treaty of Paris, the United States decided
to take over the Philippines.
The Dictatorial Government
• Aguinalado decided to establish a Filipino government in the

wake of his military victories.
• He had a draft of a plan for the establishment of a
revolutionary government, prepared by Mariano Ponce.
• May 24, 1898 - Aguinaldo issued a decree formally
establishing the Dictatorial Government which nullified the
orders issued under the authority of the Biak-na-Bato
Republic.
Treatment of Enemy
• May 29, 1898 - one of Aguinaldo's 1st acts as a
dictator, urging the people to stop the disgraceful
treatment of Spanish prisoners.
• Aguinaldo issued another order on June 1,

providing that all classes of crimes were to be
tried by the competent military tribunals.
Declaration of Independence
• Julian Felipe - composer from Cavite, who showed
the draft composition entitled Marcha Filipina
Magdalo which was later changed to Marcha
Nacional Filipana.
• Jose Palma - The Lyrics was adapted from his Poem
Filipinas
• June 12, 1898 - proclamation of the independence of
the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit)
• Philippine National Flag - made in HongKong by
Act of Declaration of Independence
Prepared by Ambrosio
Riamzares Bautista,
signed by 98 people,
however was
promulgated on August 1.
Apolinario Mabini
"The Sublime Paralytic"
• Adviser of Aguinaldo, his
two titles were;
"Dark Chamber of the
President" (for those who
envied him) and "Brains of
the Revolution"
Who is Apolinario Mabini?
• Apolinario Mabini was a Filipino political
philosopher who served as the first Philippine
Prime Minister.
• In history books, he was commonly reffered to
as "The Brains of the Revolution" for valiantly
trying to stop the American army from taking
over the Philippines.
• These actions included rallying the Filipinos and
showed deep support to the media about the
revolution. He was also the chief advisor of
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Basic Background
• Mabini was born on July 23, 1864 in Barangay
Talaga in Tanauan, Batangas. He was the
second of eight children of Dionisia Maranan, a
vendor in the Tanauan market, and Inocencio
Mabini, a beggar.
• In 1881 Mabini received a scholarship to go to
the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila.
• Mabini's mother had wanted him to take up the
priesthood, but his desire to defend the poor
made him decide to take up Law instead
• A year after recieving his Bachilles en Artes with
highest honors and the title Professor of Latin
from Letran, he moved on to the University of
Revolutionary Congress at Barasoain, Malolos
September 4 - 50 delegates
September 10 - 60 delegates
Banda Pasig - played the National Anthem
Felipe Buencamino - wrote Aguinaldo's speech
Officers:
President: Pedro A. Paterno
Vice President: Benito Legarda
1st Secretary: Gregorio Araneta
2nd Secretary: Pablo Ocampo
MALOLOS CONGRESS
MALOLOS CONGRESS
The Malolos Congress was inaugurated at the
Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan. Most of
them delegates were rich "illustrados". The
Congress approved Malolos Constitution. With
much debates regarding some provisions,
Aguinaldo only finally approved it.
Opening of the Malolos Congress at the Barasoain Church, Malolos
Bulacan on September 15, 1898
The most important achievements of the Malolos
Congress:
• In September 29, 1898, ratified the declaration
of the Philippine independence held at Kawit,
Cavite on June 12, 1898.
• Passage of a law that allowed the Philippines to
borrow 20 million from banks for government
expenses.
• Establishment of the Univesidad Literatura de
Filipinas and other schools.
• Drafting of the Philippine Constitution.
• Declaring war against the United States on
The Malolos Constitution
• Mabini envisioned the Congress to be an
advisory body of the President.
• Nevertheless, Mabini submitted his
Constitutional Plane of the Philippine Republic,
but Congress, for the secod time, overruled him.
• With the advice of Cayetanno Arellano, Calderon
dre up his plans for a constitution, deriving
inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico,
Belgium, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil and
The Constitution
The Malolos Constitution; Some of its
characteristics:
• Anchored in democratic traditions that ultimately
had their roots on American soil.
• Created a Filipino State whose government was
"popular, representative and responsible"
• Three distinct branches: the executive, the
legislative and the judicial.
• Specifically provided for safeguards against
abuses and individual rights not only of the
The Philippine Republic
Owing to the objections of Mabini to some provisions of the constitution,
Aguinaldo did not imediately promulgate it. The Congress leaders
compromised with Mabini by agreeing to insert ammendments to satisfy
the President's closest adviser. On January 21, 1899, Aguinaldo finally
promulgated the Constitution. Earlier on January 2. He formulated his
Cabinet as follows:
Apolinario Mabini - President of the Cabinet and Secretary of Foreign

Affairs
Teodoro Sandico - Secretary of the Interior
Baldomero Aguinaldo - Secretary of War
Mariano Trias - Secretary of Finance
Revolutionary Periodicals
El Heraldo de la Revolucion - The revolutionary
Government founded its official organ, whose first
number came out on September 29, 1898.
La Independencia - edited and partly owned by General

Antonio Luna. Its first number came out on September
3, 1898
January 23, 1899 - Philippine Republic's Inauguration at
Malolos
Aguinaldo took his oath of the officer after having been

informed that he had been proclaimed President of the
Republic. The Malolos Constitution was read article by
article, and the army took its oath of loyalty before the
president.
Aguinaldo issued a decree granting pardon to all

Spanish prisoners of war who were not members of the
Spanish regular army and at the same time, granting
Treaty of Paris
• The Treaty of Paris was signed on December 10,
1898
• It provided that Spain would cede the Philippines to

United States in return for 20,000,000 USD from
United Stated for the improvements made in the
colony. Which the United States, agreed to give the
Spaniards the right to commodities to the
Ratification of the Treaty
• The Treaty of Paris did not go into effect until after
the American Senate has ratified it.
• The proponents of ratification did not command a
majority in the Senate. They believed that the treaty
was unfair to the FIlipinos.
• February 4, 1899 - The unfortunate rupture of
Filipino-American hostilities led many opponents of
ratification to vote affirmatively.
• February 6, 1899 - The treaty was ratified by 2/3
American Propaganda
• After the ratification, the American propaganda
made it appear that the Filipinos fired the first
shots that led to the Filipino-AMerican Hostilities.
• Consequently, the American senators voted for
the belief that the Filipinos caused the Rupture
of Filipino-American relations.
• It directed mainly by the instruments of
imperialists, won and thereadter the Philippines
Religious Schism
• Because of the discrimination even under the
Catholic Church, Mabiini urged the Filipinos to
establish their own church.
• The Iglesia Filipina Independencia or the
Philippine Independent Church was formed.
Commonly called as the Aglipayan Church.
• Through the support of Mabini, it was founded
on October 23, 1899
Thank You
for listening!
• Proclaimed as the President of the Philippine Republic in Malolos.
A. Apolinario Mabini
B. Emilio Aguinaldo
C. Gregorio Aglipay
• A type of government in which the rulers have unlimited power and was
established by Emilio Aguinaldo on May 1898.
A. Dictatorial Government
B. Treaty of Paris
C. The Philippine Republic
• Where the Opening of the Malolos Congress took place.

A. Malolos, Bulacan
B. Meycauayan Church
C. Barasoain Church
• Prepared a Draft Plan for Revolutionary Government

• Told Aguinaldo to form a dictorial government because of the demands for a government
with a strong executive
A. Consul WIldman
B. Ambrosio Bautista
C. Julian Felipe
• Aguinaldo issued a decree formally establishing the Dictorial Government which nullified
the orders issued under the authority of ______.
A. The Malolos Republic
B. The Biak-na_Bato Republic
C. The Philippine Republic
• This is when one of Aguinaldo's 1st acts as a dictator, urging the people to stop the
disgraceful treatment of Spanish prisoners.
A. May 29, 1898
B. May 28, 1898
C. May 20, 1898
• A composer from Cavite, who showed the draft of Composition entitled Marcha Filipina
Magdalo.
• Prepared by Ambrosio Riamzares Bautista, signed by 98 people, however was
promulgated on August 1
A. Act of Declaration of Independence
B. Ratification of the Treaty
C. American Propaganda
• A Filipino political Philosopher who served as the first Philippine Prime Minister.
A. Emilio Aguinaldo
B. Ambrosio Bautista
C. Apolinario Mabini
ANSWER KEY:
•B
•A
•C
•A
•B
•B

Malolos Republic

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MALOLOS

August 19, August 21-22, 1896

• There are letters marked in red that

• Aguinalado was proclaimed the president of the Philippine

• Aguinalado decided to establish a Filipino government in the

• Aguinaldo issued another order on June 1,

Apolinario Mabini - President of the Cabinet and Secretary of Foreign

La Independencia - edited and partly owned by General

Aguinaldo took his oath of the officer after having been

Aguinaldo issued a decree granting pardon to all

• It provided that Spain would cede the Philippines to

• Where the Opening of the Malolos Congress took place.

• Prepared a Draft Plan for Revolutionary Government

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