SCIENCE REPORTING SCRIPT

Remoreras: Greetings to each and everyone, especially to you, Sir Redoble. We

are Group 1, and the topic that we are going to discuss for our presentation is all
about, Plate Tectonics.
Remoreras: First off, what is plate tectonics?
Moraga: Plate Tectonics is a scientific theory that explains how the subterranean
movements of the Earth produce significant landforms. This theory states that the
Earth’s crust is made up of numerous segments called plates that interact in
various ways, thus producing mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes, and many other
geological features and events. It is the more developed version of the 1912
Continental drift theory, proposed by Alfred Lothar Wegener. The theory of Plate
Tectonics was solidified during the 1960’s.
Suaviso: Today, we are going to further explain the topics included in Plate
Tectonics; those topics are about the:
 Crust
 Lithosphere
 Plate Boundaries
 Processes along Plate Boundaries
 Hotspots
 Seismic Waves; and
 How to locate the epicenter of an earthquake
Berzamina: The Crust.
Berzamina: The crust is the solid shell of a rocky planet. The crust of the Earth is
its thinnest and outermost layer that extends from the surface to about 32 km
below, underneath some mountains, a crust’s thickness can extend to 72 km. It is
made up of variety of solid rocks and varies in thickness. The 2 types of crust is;
the continental crust, and the oceanic crust.
Libres: Continental crust is the thicker type of crust, though it is thicker, the
continental crust is made up of less dense rocks such as granite. Its thickness can
reach up to 35 to 40 km. Older rocks are also found in this type of crust. It is made
up of the elements Silicon, Oxygen, Aluminum, Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium.
Continental crust is found under large landmasses and continents.
Libres: Oceanic crust, on the other hand, is the thinner type of crust, but made up
of denser rocks such as basalt, thus making it heavier than the continental crust. It
has an average thickness of 7-10 km, and found under oceans. Younger rocks are
found in this type of crust.
Suaviso: The Lithosphere.
Suaviso: It is the rigid, outer part of the Earth which consists of the crust and
upper mantle. According to the plate tectonic theory, the lithosphere is broken
into numerous segments called plates that is said to be in a constant but very
slow motion, its motions are not the same everywhere. As the plates interact,
important geologic processes takes place.
Sawan: Plate Boundaries.
Sawan: Plate boundaries are the lines at the edges of the different pieces of the
lithosphere where important geologic events and features takes place. It has 3
kinds, the:
 Divergent plate boundary
 Convergent Plate Boundary; and the
 Transform Fault Boundary
Presquito: Divergent Plate Boundary is the result of pulling forces, which is
described as the moving apart of the plates. Convergent plate boundary is the
collision of two plates. While, Transform fault boundary is the result of parallel
forces resulting to plates sliding past each other in opposite directions.
Presquito: As plates interact, important geologic features and events takes place.
And landforms are for formed with the help of many processes.
Campaña: Rift valleys are vertical space that may extend deep down into the
lowest layer of the crust. And oceanic ridges are underwater mountain ranges
where most divergent boundaries are situated. Both landforms are created when
plates apart, or when boundaries diverge. The force of separation creates a
tension zone where shallow earthquakes might occur. Plate divergence is
believed to be a slow but continuous process. As the gap between plates widen,
hot molten materials from the mantle may rise to fill up the space. As the magma
cools down, it solidifies, and the fille-up space between the plates becomes a
new seafloor in the process called seafloor spreading.
Silvan: Subduction happens at convergent plate boundaries. Subduction is a
process by which a plate dives under a less dense plate. The leading part of the
subducting plate melts and becomes magma as it thrusts and reaches the mantle;
then it builds up pressure due to heat and pushes the crust above it forming
continental volcanic arcs. Converging oceanic crust and continental crust forms
trenches as oceanic crust subduct under the continental crust. When 2 oceanic
crusts converge, the older plate subducts. Lastly, 2 converging continental crusts
results to formation of collision zones and mountain ranges since both crusts has
the same density.
Moraga: The force that plates exert during transform fault boundary can break
the rocks and other materials which leads to the formation of faults and fractures
that brings out strong earthquakes.
Lumayno: Hotspot are in the middle of a plate where volcanoes or volcanic island
arcs are formed.
Sawan: There are times when volcanoes and mountains exist in the middle of a
plate where there is no plate boundary, like the Hawaiian Islands which is located
in the middle of the Pacific plate. This idea started when extensive mapping of
seafloor volcanoes in the Pacific revealed a chain of volcanic structures extending
from the Hawaiian Islands to Midway Islands. Scientists have hypothesized that
the volcanic islands were formed when molten material from the mantle entered
a region known as a mantle plume. Plate movement carries the island volcano
beyond the hotspot, ceasing its volcanic activities. As one island volcano becomes
extinct, another develops over the hotspot. The cycle of the formations of island
volcanoes have left a long trail of volcanic islands and seamounts across the
Pacific Ocean Floor.
Parantar: Seismic waves are waves exerted during an earthquake. It is measured
using a seismograph and put in a graphical record called seismogram. It has 2
types.
Parantar: The first type of seismic wave is the body waves. Body waves travel
through the Earth’s interior, and it also has 2 kinds.
Remoreras: The Primary Waves or P-waves are the fastest and first type of
seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic station. It can travel through solids,
liquids, and gasses. It is also known as compression waves. Secondary waves or S-
waves on the other hand is a shear force which is the second type of seismic
wave to be recorded in a seismic station. It is stronger than P-waves but it can
only travel through solids.
Remoreras: The second type of seismic waves are the surface waves. Surface
waves are waves that travel through Earth’s surface and arrives in a seismic
station shortly after P-waves and S-waves. It also has 2 kinds.
Libres: Love waves are the first kind of surface waves. It causes the most
destruction as it moves the ground side-to-side. It is named after Augustus
Edward Hough Love. Rayleigh Waves,also known as ground roll, cause rock
particles to move upward and downward. It is named after John William Strutt,
Lord Rayleigh.
Presquito: These seismic waves also aided the scientists in discovering and
studying the Earth’s interior as there has been no mechanical probes that have
reached below the crust of the Earth.
Buhian: (Calculating the seismic activity's distance using the p and s wave time
differences, and locating the epicenter)
Lumayno: Plate tectonics is a very important phenomena as it is the explanation
behind the formations of many geological features and events. It also explains
why several features of the Earth continuously change. It is what made the world
habitable because it formed the continents that we lived on. The mountains that
are built as plate boundaries interact, affects our climate. And the geologic
features, such as mountains and volcanoes, can be sources of minerals or can be
used for agricultural purposes.
Lumayno: Our nation is blessed with a wide variety of geographical features,
including mountains and volcanoes. As Filipinos, it is our duty to take care and
make proper use of these geologic features.
The contributors for this presentation are:
Berzamina, Celine Vonne R.
Buhian, Rheymond P.
Campaña, Elenor E.
Libres, April D.
Lumayno, Eden Pearl B.
Moraga, Sheila Mae N.
Parantar, Monique Kristine A.
Presquito, Remegin P.
Remoreras, Ma. Charis Eve C.
Sawan, Kimberly L.
Silvan, Krisha Brianna V.
Suaviso, John Joseph C.

Parantar: We are group 1 and today we tackled Plate Tectonic together. We hope
that your questions regarding plate tectonics have been answered. If not, kindly
raise your hand if you have further questions. *answer questions if there is any*

All: Once again, we are group 1. And that is all for our presentation today. Thank
you.