Resonance

Quadratic Equation
A man is like a fraction whose numerator is what he is and whose denominator is what he thinks of himself. The larger the den ominator the
smaller the fraction......... Tolstoy, Count Lev Nikolgevich
1. Polynomial :
A function f defined by f(x) = anxn + an – 1xn – 1 + .......+ a1x + a0
where a0, a1, a2, ......, an  R is called a polynomial of degree n with real coefficients (an  0, n  W).
If a0, a1, a2, ....., an  C, it is called a polynomial with complex coefficients.
2. Quadratic polynomial & Quadratic equation :

A polynomial of degree 2 is known as quadratic polynomial. Any equation f(x) = 0, where f is a
quadratic polynomial, is called a quadratic equation. The general form of a quadratic equation is
ax2 + bx + c = 0 .......(i)
Where a, b, c are real numbers, a  0.
If a = 0, then equation (i) becomes linear equation.
3. Difference between equation & identity :
If a statement is true for all the values of the variable, such statements are called as identities. If the
statement is true for some or no values of the variable, such statements are called as equations.
Example : (i) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9 is an identity
(ii) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 8, is an equation having no root.
(iii) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 5x + 8, is an equation having – 1 as its root.
A quadratic equation has exactly two roots which may be real (equal or unequal) or imaginary.
a x2 + b x + c = 0 is:
  a quadratic equation if a  0 Two Roots
  a linear equation if a = 0, b  0 One Root
  a contradiction if a = b = 0, c  0 No Root
  an identity if a=b=c=0 Infinite Roots
If ax2 + bx + c = 0 is satisfied by three distinct values of ' x ', then it is an identity.
Example # 1 : (i) 3x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 is a quadratic equation here a = 3.
(ii) (x + 1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1 is an identity in x.
Solution : Here highest power of x in the given relation is 2 and this relation is satisfied by three different
values x = 0, x = 1 and x = – 1 and hence it is an identity because a polynomial equation of nth
degree cannot have more than n distinct roots.
4. Relation Between Roots & Co-efficients:
(i) The solutions of quadratic equation, a x2 + b x + c = 0, (a  0) is given by
 b  b  4ac
2
x=
2a
The expression, b  4 a c  D is called discriminant of quadratic equation.
2
(ii) If ,  are the roots of quadratic equation,

a x2 + b x + c = 0 .......(i)
then equation (i) can be written as
a(x – ) (x – ) = 0 or ax2 – a( + )x + a  = 0 ......(ii)
equations (i) and (ii) are identical,
b coefficient of x
 by comparing the coefficients sum of the roots,  +  = – = –
a coefficient of x2
c constant term
and product of the roots, = =
a coefficient of x2
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Quadratic Equation
b c
(iii) Dividing the equation (i) by a, x2 + x+ =0 
a a
 b  c
  x2 –   x+ =0  x2 – ( + )x +  = 0
 a  a
 x2 – (sum of the roots) x + (product of the roots) = 0
Hence we conclude that the quadratic equation whose roots are  &  is x2 – ( + )x +  = 0
Example # 2 : If  and  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, find the equation whose roots are +2 and +2.
Solution : Replacing x by x – 2 in the given equation, the required equation is
a(x – 2)2 + b(x – 2) + c = 0 i.e., ax2 – (4a – b)x + (4a – 2b + c) = 0.
Example # 3 : The coefficient of x in the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0 was taken as 17 in place of 13, its
roots were found to be – 2 and – 15. Find the roots of the original equation.
Solution : Here q = (– 2) × (– 15) = 30, correct value of p = 13. Hence original equation is
x2 + 13x + 30 = 0 as (x + 10) (x + 3) = 0
  roots are – 10, – 3
Self practice problems :
(1) If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation cx2 – 2bx + 4a = 0 then find the quadratic equation
whose roots are
 
(i) , (ii) 2, 2 (iii)  + 1,  + 1
2 2
1  1    
(iv) , (v) ,
1  1    
(r  1)2 b2
(2) If r be the ratio of the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, show that = .
r ac
Answers : (1) (i) cx2 – bx + a = 0
(ii) c2x2 + 4(b2 – 2ac)x + 16a2 = 0
(iii) cx2 – 2x(b + c) + (4a + 2b + c) = 0
(iv) (c – 2b + 4a)x2 + 2(4a – c) x + (c + 2b + 4a) = 0
(v) 4acx2 + 4(b2 – 2ac) x + 4ac = 0
5. Theory Of Equations :
If 1, 2, 3,......n are the roots of the equation;
f(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 +.... + an-1x + an = 0 where a0, a1,....,an are all real & a0  0 then, 
a a a a
 1 =  1 ,  1 2 = + 2 , 1 2 3 =  3 ,....., 1 2 3........n = (1)n n
a0 a0 a0 a0
Note : (i) If  is a root of the equation f(x) = 0, then the polynomial f(x) is exactly divisible by (x ) or
(x ) is a factor of f(x) and conversely.
(ii) Every equation of nth degree (n 1) has exactly n roots & if the equation has more than n roots,
it is an identity.
(iii) If the coefficients of the equation f(x) = 0 are all real and  + i is its root, then   i is also a
root. i.e. imaginary roots occur in conjugate pairs.
(iv) An equation of odd degree will have odd number of real roots and an equation of even degree
will have even numbers of real roots.
(v) If the coefficients in the equation are all rational &  +  is one of its roots, then 
  is also a root where ,   Q &  is not square of a rational number.
(vi) If there be any two real numbers 'a' & 'b' such that f(a) & f(b) are of opposite signs, then
f(x) = 0 must have odd number of real roots (also atleast one real root) between ' a ' and ' b '.
(vii) Every equation f(x) = 0 of degree odd has atleast one real root of a sign opposite to that of its
last term. (If coefficient of highest degree term is positive).
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Quadratic Equation
Example # 4 : If 2x3 + 3x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 has roots , ,  then find  +  + ,  + +  and .
Solution : Using relation between roots and coefficients, we get
3 5 6
+  +  = = – , +  +  = ,  = – = – 3.
2 2 2
(3) If 2p3 – 9pq + 27r = 0 then prove that the roots of the equations rx 3 – qx2 + px – 1 = 0 are in
H.P.
(4) If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3 + qx + r = 0 then find the equation whose roots are
(a)  + 2,  + , 
r r r
(b)  ,  , 
  
(c) 2, 2, 2
(d) 3, 3, 3
Answers : (4) (a) x3 + qx – r = 0 (b) x3 – qx2 – r2 = 0
(c) x3 + 2qx2 + q2 x – r2 = 0 (d) x3 – 3x2r + (3r2 + q3) x – r3 = 0
6. Nature of Roots:
Consider the quadratic equation, a x2 + b x + c = 0 having ,  as its roots;
D  b2  4 a c
D=0 D0
Roots are equal i.e.  =  =  b/2a Roots are unequal
& the quadratic expression can be expressed
as a perfect square of a linear polynomial
a, b, c  R & D > 0 a, b, c  R & D < 0

Roots are real Roots are imaginary  = p + i q,  = p  i q
a, b, c  Q & a, b, c  Q &
D is square of a rational number D is not square of a rational number
 Roots are rational  Roots are irrational
 i.e.  = p + q ,  = p  q
a = 1, b, c   & D is square of an integer
Roots are integral.
Example # 5 : For what values of m the equation (1 + m) x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 has equal roots.
Solution : Given equation is (1 + m) x 2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 ........(i)
Let D be the discriminant of equation (i).
Roots of equation (i) will be equal if D = 0.
or 4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + m) (1 + 8m) = 0
or 4(1 + 9m2 + 6m – 1 – 9m – 8m2) = 0
or m2 – 3m = 0 or, m(m – 3) = 0
  m = 0, 3.
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Quadratic Equation
Example # 6 : Find all the integral values of a for which the quadratic equation (x – a) (x – 10) + 1 = 0 has
integral roots.
Solution : Here the equation is x2 – (a + 10)x + 10a + 1 = 0. Since integral roots will always be rational it
means D should be a perfect square.
From (i) D = a2 – 20a + 96.
  D = (a – 10)2 – 4  4 = (a – 10)2 – D
If D is a perfect square it means we want difference of two perfect square as 4 which is
possible
only when (a – 10)2 = 4 and D = 0.
 (a – 10) = ± 2  a = 12, 8
Example # 7 : If the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – b) – k = 0 be c and d, then prove that the roots of the
equation (x – c) (x – d) + k = 0, are a and b.
Solution : By given condition (x – a) (x – b) – k  (x – c) (x – d)
or (x – c) (x – d) + k  (x – a) (x – b)
Above shows that the roots of (x – c) (x – d) + k = 0 are a and b.
Example # 8 : Determine 'a' such that x 2 – 11x + a and x2 – 14x + 2a may have a common factor.
Solution : Let x –  be a common factor of x2 – 11x + a and x2 – 14x + 2a.
Then x =  will satisfy the equations x 2 – 11x + a = 0 and x2 – 14x + 2a = 0.
  2 – 11 + a = 0and 2 – 14 + 2a = 0
Solving (i) and (ii) by cross multiplication method, we get a = 0, 24.
Example # 9 : Show that the expression x 2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3(bc + ca + ab) will be a perfect square
if a = b = c.
Solution : Given quadratic expression will be a perfect square if the discriminant of its corresponding
equation is zero.
i.e. 4(a + b + c)2 – 4.3 (bc + ca + ab) = 0
or (a + b + c)2 – 3(bc + ca + ab) = 0
1
or ((a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2) = 0
2
which is possible only when a = b = c.

(5) For what values of 'k' the expression (4 – k)x2 + 2(k + 2)x + 8k + 1 will be a perfect square ?
(6) If (x – ) be a factor common to a1x2 + b1x + c and a2x2 + b2x + c, then prove that 
 (a1 – a2) = b2 – b1.
(7) If 3x2 + 2xy + 2y2 + 2ax – 4y + 1 can be resolved into two linear factors, Prove that '' is a root
of the equation x2 + 4ax + 2a2 + 6 = 0.
(8) Let 4x2 – 4( – 2)x +  – 2 = 0 (  R) be a quadratic equation. Find the values of '' for which
(i) Both roots are real and distinct.
(ii) Both roots are equal.
(iii) Both roots are imaginary
(iv) Both roots are opposite in sign.
(v) Both roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
(9) If P(x) = ax2 + bx + c, and Q(x) = – ax2 + dx + c, ac  0 then prove that P(x) . Q(x) = 0 has
atleast two real roots.
Answers. (5) 0, 3
(8) (i) (– , 2)  (3, ) (ii)  {2, 3} (iii) (2, 3) (iv) (– , 2) (v) 
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Quadratic Equation
7. Graph of Quadratic Expression :
 the graph between x, y is always a parabola.
 b D 
 the coordinate of vertex are   , 
 2a 4a 
 If a > 0 then the shape of the parabola is concave upwards & if a < 0 then the shape of the
parabola is concave downwards.
 the parabola intersect the yaxis at point (0, c).
 the xcoordinate of point of intersection of parabola with xaxis are the real roots of the
quadratic equation f (x) = 0. Hence the parabola may or may not intersect the xaxis.
8. Range of Quadratic Expression f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

(i) Range :
 D 
If a > 0   f (x)   , 
 4a 
 D 
If a < 0   f (x)    ,  
 4a 
D
Hence maximum and minimum values of the expression f (x) is  in respective cases and it
4a
b
occurs at x =  (at vertex).
2a
(ii) Range in restricted domain:
Given x  [x1, x2]
b
(a) If   [x1, x2] then,
2a
f (x) [min{ f(x1),f(x2 )} , max { f(x1),f(x2 )}]
b
(b) If   [x1, x2] then,
2a
  D  D 
f (x)  min  f ( x1 ) , f (x 2 ) ,   , max  f (x1) , f (x 2 ) ,  
  4a   4a  
9. Sign of Quadratic Expressions :

The value of expression f (x) = a x2 + b x + c at x = x0 is equal to ycoordinate of the point on parabola
y = a x2 + b x + c whose xcoordinate is x0. Hence if the point lies above the xaxis for some x = x0,
then f (x0) > 0 and viceversa.
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Quadratic Equation
We get six different positions of the graph with respect to xaxis as shown.
(i) Conclusions :
(a) a>0
(b) D>0
(c) Roots are real & distinct.
(d) f(x) > 0 in x  (– , )  (, )
(e) f(x) < 0 in x  (, )
(ii) (a) a>0
(b) D=0
(c) Roots are real & equal.
(d) f(x) > 0 in x  R – {}
(iii) (a) a>0
(b) D<0
(c) Roots are imaginary.
(d) f(x) > 0 x  R.
(iv) (a) a<0
(b) D>0
(c) Roots are real & distinct.
(d) f(x) < 0 in x  (– , )  (, )
(e) f(x) > 0 in x  (, )
(v) (a) a<0
(b) D=0
(c) Roots are real & equal.
(d) f(x) < 0 in x  R – {}
(vi) (a) a<0
(b) D<0
(c) Roots are imaginary.
(d) f(x) < 0 x  R.
Example # 10 : If c < 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0 does not have any real roots then prove that
(i) a–b+c<0 (ii) 9a + 3b + c < 0.
Solution : c < 0 and D < 0   f(x) = ax2 + bx + c < 0 for all x  R
     f(– 1) = a – b + c < 0
and f(3) = 9a + 3b + c < 0
Example # 11 : Find the range of f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6.

D b  25  24  5 1
Solution : minimum of f(x) = – at x = – =–   at x = 2 =–
4a 2a  4  4
maximum of f(x)  
 1 
Hence range is   ,  
 4 
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Quadratic Equation
x2  x  4
Example # 12 : Find the range of rational expression y = if x is real.
x2  x  4
x2  x  4
Solution : y =   (y – 1)x 2 + (y + 1) x + 4(y – 1) = 0 ........(i)
x2  x  4
case- : if y  1, then equation (i) is quadratic in x

and  x is real
  D  0   (y + 1) 2 – 16(y – 1) 2  0  (5y – 3) (3y – 5)  0
3 5
 y   ,  – {1}
5 3
case- : if y = 1, then equation becomes
2x = 0 x = 0 which is possible as x is real.
3 5
 Rangec  , 
5 3
x3
Example # 13 : Find the range of y = , if x is real.
2x  3x  9
2
x3
Solution : y=
2x  3x  9
2
  2yx2 + (3y – 1)x + 3(3y – 1) = 0   .......(i)

case- : if y  0, then equation (i) is quadratic in x
  x is real
 D0
  (3y – 1)2 – 24y (3y – 1)  0
  (3y – 1) (21y + 1)  0
 1 1
y   ,  – {0}
 21 3 
case- : if y = 0, then equation becomes
x = –3 which is possible as x is real
 1 1
  Range y   , 
 21 3 

(10) If c > 0 and ax2 + 2bx + 3c = 0 does not have any real roots then prove that
(i) 4a – 4b + 3c > 0 (ii) a + 6b + 27c > 0 (iii) a + 2b + 6c > 0
(a  b)2
(11) If f(x) = (x – a) (x – b), then show that f(x)  – .
4
(12) Find the least integral value of 'k' for which the quadratic polynomial
(k – 1) x2 + 8x + k + 5 > 0  x  R.
x 2  34x  71
(13) Find the range of the expression , if x is a real.
x 2  2x  7
mx 2  3x  4
(14) Find the interval in which 'm' lies so that the expression can take all real
4x 2  3x  m
values,x  R.
Answers : (12) k = 4 (13) (– , 5]  [9, ) (14) m  (1, 7)
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Quadratic Equation
10. Location of Roots :

Let f (x) = ax² + bx + c, where a > 0 & a, b, c  R.
(i) (ii) (iii)
(i) Conditions for both the roots of f (x) = 0 to be greater than a specified number‘x0’ are
b²  4ac  0 & f (x0) > 0 & ( b/2a) > x0.
(ii) Conditions for both the roots of f (x) = 0 to be smaller than a specified number ‘x 0’ are
b²  4ac  0 & f (x0) > 0 & ( b/2a) < x0.
(iii) Conditions for a number ‘x 0’ to lie between the roots of f (x) = 0 is f (x0) < 0.
(iv) (v)
(iv) Conditions that both roots of f (x) = 0 to be confined between the numbers x 1 and
x2, (x1 < x2) are b²  4ac  0 & f (x1) > 0 & f (x2) > 0 & x1 < ( b/2a) < x2.
(v) Conditions for exactly one root of f (x) = 0 to lie in the interval (x 1, x2) i.e.
x1 < x < x2 is f (x1). f (x2) < 0.
Example # 14 : Let x2 – (m – 3) x + m = 0 (m  R) be a quadratic equation, then find the values of 'm' for which
(a) both the roots are greater than 2.
(b) both roots are positive.
(c) one root is positive and other is negative.
(d) One root is greater than 2 and other smaller than 1
(e) Roots are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign.
(f) both roots lie in the interval (1, 2)
Solution : (a)
Condition - : D  0   (m – 3)2 – 4m  0  m2 – 10m + 9  0

      (m – 1) (m – 9)  0 
       m  (– , 1]  [9, ) ......(i)
Condition - : f(2) > 0  4 – (m – 3)2 + m > 0 m < 10 ......(ii)

b m3
Condition - : – >2  2  m>7 ......(iii)
2a 2
Intersection of (i), (ii) and (iii) gives m  [9, 10)
(b)
Condition -  D0  m  (– , 1] [9, )

Condition -  f(0) > 0  m>0
b m3
Condition -   >0  >0  m>3
2a 2
intersection gives m  [9, ) Ans.
(c)
Condition -  f(0) < 0   m<0 Ans.
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Quadratic Equation
(d)
Condition -  f(1) < 0  4<0   m 

Condition -  f(2) < 0  m > 10 
Intersection gives m   Ans.
(e) sum of roots = 0  m=3
and f(0) < 0  m<0  m  Ans.
(f)
Condition -  D  0   m  (– , 1]  [9, )

Condition -  f(1) > 0  1 – (m – 3) + m > 0  4 > 0which is true  m  R
Condition -  f(2) > 0  m < 10
b m3
Condition - V 1 < – <2  1< <2  5<m<7
2a 2
intersection gives m  Ans.
Example # 15 : Find all the values of 'a' for which both the roots of the equation (a – 2)x2 – 2ax + a = 0 lies
in the interval (– 2, 1).
Solution : Case-I : f(–2) > 0  4(a – 2) + 4a + a > 0
8
9a – 8 > 0  a>
9
f(1) > 0  a – 2 – 2a + a > 0
– 2 > 0 not possible  a 
Case-II : a–2<0  a<2
8
f(–2) < 0  a<
9
f(1) < 0   aR
b 4
–2< –<1  a<
2a 3
D0   a0
 8
intersection gives a  0, 
 9
 8
complete solution a  0,   {2}
 9
(15) Let x2 – 2(a – 1)x + a – 1 = 0 (a  R) be a quadratic equation, then find the value of 'a' for which
(a) Both the roots are positive (b) Both the roots are negative
(c) Both the roots are opposite in sign. (d) Both the roots are greater than 1.
(e) Both the roots are smaller than 1.
(f) One root is small than 1 and the other root is greater than 1.
(16) Find the values of p for which both the roots of the equation 4x 2 – 20px + (25p2 + 15p – 66) = 0
are less than 2.
(17) Find the values of '' for which 6 lies between the roots of the equation x2 + 2( – 3)x + 9 = 0.
(18) Let x2 – 2(a – 1)x + a – 1 = 0 (a  R) be a quadratic equation, then find the values of 'a' for
which
(i) Exactly one root lies in (0, 1). (ii) Both roots lies in (0, 1).
(iii) Atleast one root lies in (0, 1).
(iv) One root is greater than 1 and other root is smaller than 0.
ADVQE-9
Quadratic Equation
(19) Find the values of a, for which the quadratic expression ax 2 + (a – 2) x – 2 is negative for
exactly two integral values of x.
Answers : (15) (a) [2, ) (b)  (c) (– , 1) (d)  (e) (– , 1] (f) (2, )
 3
(16) (– , –1) (17)  ,  
 4
(18) (i) (– , 1)  (2, ) (ii)  (iii) ( – , 1)  (2, ) (iv) 
(19) [1, 2)
11. Common Roots:
Consider two quadratic equations, a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 = 0 & a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 = 0.

(i) If two quadratic equations have both roots common, then the equations are identical and their
co-efficient are in proportion.
a1 b1 c
i.e. = = 1
a2 b2 c2
(ii) If only one root is common, then the common root '  ' will be :
c a  c 2 a1 b1 c 2  b2 c1
= 1 2 =
a1 b2  a2 b1 c1 a2  c 2 a1
Hence the condition for one common root is :
c1 a2  c 2 a1  =  a1 b2  a2 b1  b1 c 2  b2 c1 
2

Note : If f(x) = 0 & g(x) = 0 are two polynomial equation having some common root(s) then those common
root(s) is/are also the root(s) of h(x)  a f(x) + bg (x) = 0.
Example # 16 : If x2 – ax + b = 0 and x 2 – px + q = 0 have a root in common and the second equation has
ap
equal roots, show that b + q = .
2
Solution : Given equations are : x2 – ax + b= 0 ........ (i)
and x2 – px + q = 0. ........ (ii)
Let  be the common root. Then roots of equation (ii) will be  and . Let  be the other root of
equation (i). Thus roots of equation (i) are ,  and those of equation (ii) are , .
Now +=a ........ (iii)
 = b ........ (iv)
2 = p ........ (v)
2 = q ........ (vi)
L.H.S. = b + q =  + 2 = ( + ) ........ (vii)
ap (  ) 2
and R.H.S. = = =  ( + ) ........ (viii)
2 2
from (vii) and (viii), L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Example # 17 : If a, b, c  R and equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 have a common root, show that
a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 9.
Solution : Given equations are : x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 ........(i)
and ax2 + bx + c = 0 ........(ii)
Clearly roots of equation (i) are imaginary since equation (i) and (ii) have a common root,
therefore common root must be imaginary and hence both roots will be common.
Therefore equations (i) and (ii) are identical
a b c
 = =
1 2 9
 a:b:c=1:2:9
ADVQE-10
Quadratic Equation

(20) If the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and x3 + x – 2 = 0 have two common roots then show that
2a = 2b = c.
a b c
(21) If ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and a1x2 + 2b1x + c1 = 0 have a common root and , , are in A.P.
a1 b1 c1
show that a1, b1, c1 are in G.P.
12. Graphs of Polynomials

y = anxn + ............ + a1x + a0. The points where y' = 0 are called turning points which are critical in
plotting the graph.
Example # 18 : Draw the graph of y = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1
Solution. y = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 6(x – 3) (x – 2)
x 2 3  –
y 29 28  –
Example # 19 : Draw the graph of y = –3x4 + 4x3 + 3,
Solution. y = –12x3 + 12x

y = –12x2 (x – 1)
x 0 1  –
y 3 4 – –
ADVQE-11
f}?kkr lehdj.k
A man is like a fraction whose numerator is what he is and whose denominator is what he thinks of himself. The larger the den ominator the
smaller the fraction......... Tolstoy, Count Lev Nikolgevich
1. cgqin (Polynomial) :
dksbZ Qyu f bl çdkj ifjHkkf"kr gks fd f(x) = anxn + an – 1xn – 1 + .......+ a1x + a0
tgk¡ a0, a1, a2,...,anR rks ;g Qyu f, okLrfod xq.kkadks okyk n ?kkr dk cgqin dgykrk gS tcfd an  0, n  W
;fn a0, a1, a2, ....., an  C gks] rks ;g lfEeJ xq.kkadksa okyk cgqin dgykrk gSA
2. f}?kkr cgqin ,oa f}?kkr lehdj.k (Quadratic polynomial & Quadratic equation):
nks ?kkr dk ,d cgqin f}?kkr cgqin dgykrk gSA dksbZ lehdj.k f(x) = 0, tgk¡ f f}?kkr cgqin gS] f}?kkr lehdj.k
dgykrh gSA f}?kkr lehdj.k dk O;kid :i fuEu gS&
ax2 + bx + c = 0 .......(i)
tgk¡ a, b, c okLrfod la[;k,¡ gS tcfd a  0. ;fn a = 0 gks] rks lehdj.k (i) jSf[kd lehdj.k cu tkrk gSA
3. lehdj.k ,oa loZlfedk esa vUrj % (Difference between equation & identity) :
;fn dksbZ dFku pj ds lHkh ekuksa ds fy, lR; gks] rks dFku loZlfedk dgykrk gSA ;fn dFku pj ds dqN gh ekuksa
ds fy, lR; gks] rks dFku lehdj.k dgykrk gSA
mnkgj.k : (i) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9 ,d loZlfedk gSA
(ii) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 8 ,d lehdj.k gS ftldk dksbZ ewy ugha gSA
(iii) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 5x + 8 ,d lehdj.k gS ftldk ,d ewy – 1 gSA
,d f}?kkr lehdj.k ds Bhd nks ewy gksrs gS tks okLrfod (leku ;k vleku) ;k dkYifud gks ldrs gSA
a x2 + b x + c = 0
 ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k gksxh ;fn a0 nks ewy
 jSf[kd lehdj.k gksxh ;fn a = 0, b  0 ,d ewy
 fojks/kkHkkl gS ;fn a = b = 0, c  0 dksbZ ewy ugha
 loZlfedk gksxh ;fn a=b=c=0 vuUr ewy
;fn a x2 + b x + c = 0, x ds rhu fHkUu&fHkUu ekuksa ls lUrq"V gks] rks ;g ,d loZlfedk gksxhA
mnkgj.k # 1 : (i) 3x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k gS] tgk¡ a = 3 gSA
(ii) (x + 1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1, x esa ,d loZlfedk gSA
gy : ;gk¡ fn;s x;s lacU/k esa x dh vf/kdre ?kkr 2 gS ,oa ;g lacU/k x ds rhu fHkUu&fHkUu ekuksa x= 0, x = 1
vkSj x = – 1 ls laUrq"V gksrk gSA vr% ;g ,d loZlfedk gS D;ksafd ,d n ?kkr ds cgqin lehdj.k ds n ls
T;knk fHkUu&fHkUu ewy ugha gks ldrs gSA
4. ewyksa rFkk xq.kkadks esa lEcU/k (Relation Between Roots & Co-efficients) :
 b  b2  4ac
(i) f}?kkr lehdj.k a x2 + b x + c = 0, (a  0) ds gy x = }kjk fn;s tkrs gSA O;atd
2a
b2  4 a c  D, f}?kkr lehdj.k dk foospd dgykrk gSA
(ii) ;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k a x2 + b x + c = 0 .......(i)

ds ewy ,  gks] rks lehdj.k (i) dks a(x – ) (x – ) = 0 }kjk fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
;k ax2 – a( + )x + a  = 0 ......(ii)
lehdj.k (i) ,oa (ii) ,d leku gSA
 xq.kkadksa dh rqyuk djus ij
b x dk xq.kkad c vpj in
ewyksa dk ;ksx =  +  = – = – 2
rFkk ewyksa dk xq.kuQy = =
a x dk xq.kkad a x 2 dk xq.kkad
ADVQE-1
f}?kkr lehdj.k
b c
(iii) lehdj.k (i) dks a ls foHkkftr djus ij x2 + x+ =0 
a a
 b  c
  x2 –  x+ a =0  x2 – ( + )x +  = 0
 a 
 x2 – (ewyksa dk ;ksx) x + (ewyksa dk xq.kuQy) = 0
blls fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd f}?kkr lehdj.k ftlds ewy  ,oa  gks] x2 – ( + )x +  = 0 gksrh gSA
mnkgj.k # 2 : ;fn ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds nks ewy  vkSj  gks] rks og lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy + 2 vkSj + 2
gSA
gy fn;s x;s lehdj.k esa x dks (x – 2) ls izfrLFkkfir djus ij] vHkh"V lehdj.k gS&
a(x – 2)2 + b(x – 2) + c = 0 vFkkZr~ ax2 – (4a – b)x + (4a – 2b + c) = 0.
mnkgj.k # 3 : lehdj.k x2 + px + q = 0 esa x ds xq.kkad dks xyrh ls 13 dh txg 17 fy[kus ij ewy – 2 vkSj – 15
izkIr gksrs gS rks ewy ¼lgh½ lehdj.k ds ewy Kkr dhft,A
gy ;gk¡ q = (– 2) × (– 15) = 30, p dk lgh eku = 13. vr% ewy ¼lgh½ lehdj.k gS&
x2 + 13x + 30 = 0  (x + 10) (x + 3) = 0  ewy – 10, – 3
vH;kl dk;Z :
(1) ;fn ,  f}?kkr lehdj.k cx2 – 2bx + 4a = 0 ds ewy gks] rks og f}?kkr lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds
ewy gS&
 
(i) , (ii) 2, 2 (iii)  + 1,  + 1
2 2
1  1    
(iv) , (v) ,
1  1    
(r  1)2 b2
(2) ;fn lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewyksa dk vuqikr r gks rks fl} dhft, fd = .
r ac
Answers : (1) (i) cx2 – bx + a = 0 (ii) c2x2 + 4(b2 – 2ac)x + 16a2 = 0
(iii) cx2 – 2x(b + c) + (4a + 2b + c) = 0
(iv) (c – 2b + 4a)x2 + 2(4a – c) x + (c + 2b + 4a) = 0
(v) 4acx2 + 4(b2 – 2ac) x + 4ac = 0
5. lehdj.k fl}kUr (Theory of Equations) :

;fn f(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 +.... + an-1x + an = 0, tgk¡ a0, a1,.... an lHkh okLrfod gS rFkk a0  0, ds ewy 1,
a1 a a a
2, 3,......n gks] rks  1 =  ,  1 2 = + 2 , 1 2 3 =  3 ,....., 1 2 3........n = (1)n n
a0 a0 a0 a0
uksV : (i) ;fn lehdj.k f(x) = 0 dk ,d ewy ''gks] rks cgqin f(x), (x ) ls iw.kZr% foHkkftr gksrk gS ;k f(x) dk
,d xq.ku[k.M (x ) gksxkA blh çdkj bldk foijhr Hkh lR; gSA
(ii) n (n 1) ?kkr dh izR;sd lehdj.k ds Bhd n ewy gksrs gS rFkk ;fn lehdj.k ds ewy n ls vf/kd gS] rc
;g ,d loZlfedk dgykrh gSA
(iii) ;fn f(x) = 0 ds lHkh xq.kkad okLrfod gks ,oa bldk ,d ewy  + i gks] rks   i Hkh bldk ,d ewy gksxk
vFkkZr dkYifud ewy la;qXeh ;qXeksa esa gksrs gSA
(iv) ,d fo"ke ?kkr dh lehdj.k ds okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k fo"ke gksxh rFkk le ?kkr dh lehdj.k ds
okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k le gksxhA
(v) ;fn lehdj.k ds lHkh xq.kkad ifjes; gS rFkk bldk ,d ewy  +  gks] rks   Hkh bldk ewy gksxk
tgk¡ ,   Q rFkk  ifjes; la[;k dk oxZ ugha gSA
(vi) ;fn dksbZ nks okLrfod la[;k,¡ a ,oa b bl izdkj gks fd f(a) ,oa f(b) foijhr fpUg ds gks] rks a ,oa b ds
e/;] f(x) = 0 ds okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k fo"ke ¼de ls de ,d okLrfod ewy½ gksxhA
(vii) fo"ke ?kkr dh izR;sd lehdj.k f(x) = 0 dk ,d okLrfod ewy bl lehdj.k ds vfUre in ds fpUg ds
foijhr fpUg dk gksrk gSA ¼;fn vf/kdre ?kkr ds in dk xq.kkad /kukRed gksA ).
ADVQE-2
f}?kkr lehdj.k
mnkgj.k # 4 : ;fn 2x3 + 3x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 ds ewy , ,  gks] rks rc  +  + ,  + +  ,oa Kkr dhft,A
gy : ewyksa rFkk xq.kkadksa esa lEcU/k ds ç;ksx ls
3 5 6
+  +  = = – , +  +  = ,  = – = – 3.
2 2 2
vH;kl dk;Z :
(3) ;fn 2p3 – 9pq + 27r = 0 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k rx3 – qx2 + px – 1 = 0 ds ewy gjkRed Js.kh
esa gSA
(4) ;fn lehdj.k x3 + qx + r = 0 ds ewy , ,  gks] rks rc og lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy fuEu
gks&
(a)  + 2,  + , 
r r r
(b)  ,  , 
  
(c) 2, 2, 2
(d) 3, 3, 3
mÙkj : (4) (a) x3 + qx – r = 0 (b) x3 – qx2 – r2 = 0
(c) x3 + 2qx2 + q2 x – r2 = 0 (d) x3 – 3x2r + (3r2 + q3) x – r3 = 0
6. ewyksa dh izd`fr (Nature of Roots) :

ekuk a x2 + b x + c = 0 ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k gS ftlds ewy ,  gSA
D  b2  4 a c
D=0 D0
ewy leku gS] vFkkZr~ =  =  b/2a ewy vleku gSA
rFkk f}?kkr O;atd dks ,d jSf[kd cgqin ds
iw.kZ oxZ ds :i esa O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
a, b, c  R, ,oa D > 0 a, b, c  R, ,oa D < 0

ewy okLrfod gSaA ewy dkYifud gSa] vFkkZr~  = p + i q,  = p  i q
a, b, c  Q ,oa a, b, c  Q ,oa
D ,d ifjes; la[;k dk iw.kZ oxZ gSA D ,d ifjes; la[;k dk iw.kZ oxZ ugha gSA
ewy ifjes; gSaA  ewy vifjes; gSA
 vFkkZr~  = p + q ,  = p  q
a = 1 vkSj b, c   ,oa D ,d iw.kk±d la[;k dk iw.kZ oxZ gSA  ewy iw.kkaZd gSA
mnkgj.k # 5 : 'm' ds fdu ekuksa ds fy;s lehdj.k (1 + m) x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 ds ewy cjkcj gSA
gy : nh xbZ lehdj.k (1 + m) x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 ........(i)
ekuk lehdj.k (i) dk foospd D gSA lehdj.k (i) ds ewy cjkcj gksxsa ;fn D = 0 gksA
vFkkZr~ 4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + m) (1 + 8m) = 0
vFkkZr~ 4(1 + 9m2 + 6m – 1 – 9m – 8m2) = 0
vFkkZr~ m2 – 3m = 0 ;k m(m – 3) = 0   m = 0, 3.
ADVQE-3
f}?kkr lehdj.k
mnkgj.k # 6 : 'a' ds osa lHkh iw.kk±d eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy;s lehdj.k (x – a) (x – 10) + 1 = 0 ds ewy iw.kk±d gksA
gy : nh xbZ lehdj.k x2 – (a + 10)x + 10a + 1 = 0 gSA pwafd iw.kk±d ewy lnSo ifjes; gksrs gS vFkkZr D iw.kZ oxZ
gksuk pkfg,A
(i) ls D = a2 – 20a + 96.
  D = (a – 10)2 – 4  4 = (a – 10)2 – D
ysfdu D ,d iw.kZ oxZ gS vFkkZr ge pkgrs gS fd nks iw.kZ oxksZ dk vUrj 4 gks tks dsoy rHkh laHko gS tc
(a – 10)2 = 4 ,oa D = 0 gksA
  (a – 10) = ± 2  a = 12, 8
mnkgj.k # 7 : ;fn lehdj.k (x – a) (x – b) – k = 0 ds ewy 'c' vkSj 'd' gks rks fl} dhft, fd lehdj.k
(x – c) (x – d) + k = 0 ds ewy 'a' vkSj 'b' gSA
gy : fn, x;s izfrcU/k ls (x – a) (x – b) – k  (x – c) (x – d)
;k (x – c) (x – d) + k  (x – a) (x – b)
vr% blls fl) gksrk gS fd lehdj.k (x – c) (x – d) + k = 0 ds ewy a vkSj b gSA
mnkgj.k # 8 : 'a' dk og eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, x2 – 11x + a ,oa x2 – 14x + 2a dk ,d xq.ku[k.M mHk;fu"B gSA
gy : ekuk x2 – 11x + a ,oa x2 – 14x + 2a dk ,d mHk;fu"B xq.ku[k.M x –  gSA
rc x =  lehdj.k x2 – 11x + a = 0 ,oa x2 – 14x + 2a = 0 dks lUrq"V djsxkA
 2 – 11 + a = 0,oa 2 – 14 + 2a = 0
lehdj.k (i) ,oa (ii) dks otz xq.ku fof/k ls gy djus ij a = 0, 24.
mnkgj.k # 9 : iznf'kZr dhft, fd O;atd x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3(bc + ca + ab) ,d iw.kZ oxZ gS
;fn a = b = c.
gy : fn;k x;k O;atd iw.kZ oxZ gksxk ;fn blds laxr lehdj.k dk foospd 'kwU; gksA
vFkkZr~ 4(a + b + c)2 – 4.3 (bc + ca + ab) = 0
;k (a + b + c)2 – 3(bc + ca + ab) = 0
1
;k ((a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2) = 0
2
tks dsoy rHkh laHko gS tc a = b = c gksA
vH;kl dk;Z :
(5) 'k' ds fdl eku ds fy, O;atd (4 – k)x2 + 2(k + 2)x + 8k + 1 ,d iw.kZ oxZ gksxk \
(6) ;fn O;atd a1x2 + b1x + c rFkk a2x2 + b2x + c dk mHk;fu"B xq.ku[k.M (x –  gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
(a1 – a2) = b2 – b1.
(7) ;fn 3x2 + 2xy + 2y2 + 2ax – 4y + 1 dks nks js[kh; xq.ku[k.Mks ds :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gks] rks fl)
dhft, fd lehdj.k x2 + 4ax + 2a2 + 6 = 0 dk ,d ewy '' gSA
(8) ekukfd 4x2 – 4( – 2)x +  – 2 = 0 (  R), ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k gSA '' ds os eku Kkr dhft, ftuds
fy;s
(i) nksuks ewy okLrfod vkSj fHkUu gksA (ii) nksuksa ewy leku gksA
(iii) nksuksa ewy dkYifud gksA (iv) nksuksa ewyks ds fpUg foijhr gksA
(v) nksuksa ewyksa dk ifjek.k cjkcj gks ,oa fpUg foijhr gksA
(9) ;fn P(x) = ax2 + bx + c, rFkk Q(x) = – ax2 + dx + c, ac  0 gks] rks fl} dhft, fd P(x) . Q(x) = 0 ds
de ls de nks ewy okLrfod gSaA
Answers : (5) 0, 3
(8) (i) (– , 2)  (3, ) (ii)  {2, 3} (iii) (2, 3) (iv) (– , 2) (v) 
ADVQE-4
f}?kkr lehdj.k
7. f}?kkr O;atd dk vkys[k (Graph of Quadratic Expression) :
2
 D   b 
y = f (x) = a x2 + b x + c ;k  y  4a  = a x  
   2a 
 x, y esa vkys[k lnSo ,d ijoy; gSA
 b D 
 'kh"kZ ds funsZ'kkad   ,  gSA
 2a 4a 
 ;fn a > 0 gks] rks ijoy; dk vkdkj mij dh vksj vory gS rFkk ;fn a < 0 gks] rks ijoy; dk vkdkj
uhps dh vksj vory gSA.
 ijoy; yv{k dks fcUnq (0, c) ij izfrPNsn djrk gSA

 ijoy; ,oa xv{k ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ds x-funsZ'kkad f}?kkr lehdj.k f (x) = 0 ds okLrfod ewy
gksrs gSA vr% ijoy; x v{k dks izfrPNsn dj ldrk gS vkSj ugha HkhA
8. f}?kkr O;atd f(x) = a x2 + b x + c dk ifjlj

(Range of Quadratic Expression f(x) = ax2 + bx + c)
(i) ifjlj %
 D 
;fn a > 0   f (x)   , 
 4a 
 D 
;fn a < 0   f (x)    ,  
 4a 
D b
O;atd f (x) dk vf/kdre ,oa U;wure eku laxr fLFkfr;ksa esa  gksrk gS ,oa ;g x =  ('kh"kZ ij) ij
4a 2a
izkIr gksrk gSA

(ii) izfrcfU/kr izkUr esa ifjlj %
fn;k x;k gS fd x  [x1, x2],
b
(a) ;fn   [x1, x2] gks] rks, f (x) [min{ f(x1),f(x2 )} , max { f(x1),f(x2 )}]
2a
b   D  D 
(b) ;fn   [x1, x2] gks] rks,f (x)  min  f ( x1 ) , f ( x 2 ) ,   , max  f (x1) , f (x 2 ) ,  
2a   4a   4a  
ADVQE-5
f}?kkr lehdj.k
9. f}?kkr O;atd dk fpUg (Sign of Quadratic Expressions) :
x = x0 ij O;atd f (x) = a x2 + b x + c dk eku ijoy; y = a x2 + b x + c ij fLFkr fcUnq ftldk x–funsZ'kkad x0
gS, ds y–funsZ'kkad ds cjkcj gksrk gSA vr% ;fn fdlh x = x0 ds fy, fcUnq x–v{k ls mij fLFkr gks] rks
f (x0) > 0 ,oa x v{k ls uhps fLFkr gks] rks f(x0) < 0
x–v{k ds lkis{k ijoy; dh fuEukuqlkj N% fLFkfr;k¡ lEHko gS&
(i) fu"d"kZ
(a) a>0
(b) D>0
(c) ewy okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu gSA
(d) x  (– , )  (, ) esa f(x) > 0
(e) x  (, ) esa f(x) < 0
(ii) (a) a>0
(b) D=0
(c) ewy okLrfod ,oa leku gSA
(d) x  R – {} esa f(x) > 0
(iii) (a) a>0
(b) D<0
(c) ewy dkYifud gSA
(d) x  R ds fy, f(x) > 0
(iv) (a) a<0
(b) D>0
(c) ewy okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu gSA
(d) x  (– , )  (, ) esa f(x) < 0
(e) x  (, ) esa f(x) > 0
(v) (a) a<0
(b) D=0
(c) ewy okLrfod ,oa leku gSA
(d) x  R – {} esa f(x) < 0
(vi) (a) a<0
(b) D<0
(c) ewy dkYifud gSA
(d) x  R ds fy, f(x) < 0
ADVQE-6
f}?kkr lehdj.k
mnkgj.k # 10 : ;fn c < 0 ,oa ax2 + bx + c = 0 dk dksbZ okLrfod ewy ugha gS rc fl) dhft, fd
(i) a–b+c<0 (ii) 9a + 3b + c < 0.
gy : c < 0 ,oa D < 0    f(x) = ax2 + bx + c < 0  x  R
  f(– 1) = a – b + c < 0 ,oa f(3) = 9a + 3b + c < 0
mnkgj.k # 11 : f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6 dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A

b D 5 D  25  24  1
gy : x=– ij f(x) dk U;wure eku = – x= ij] – = –  =– 4
2a 4a 2 4a  4 
 1 
f(x) dk vf/kdre eku   vr% ifjlj   ,   gSA
 4 
x2  x  4
mnkgj.k # 12 : ifjes; O;atd y = , x  R dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
x2  x  4
x2  x  4
gy : y=   (y – 1)x2 + (y + 1) x + 4(y – 1) = 0 ........(i)
x2  x  4
fLFkfr- : ;fn y  1 gks] rks lehdj.k (i), x esa f}?kkr gSA
 x okLrfod gS]
   D0   (y + 1)2 – 16(y – 1)2  0  (5y – 3) (3y – 5)  0
3 5
  y   ,  – {1}
5 3
fLFkfr- : ;fn y = 1 gks] rks lehdj.k (i) fuEu izdkj gks tkrh gS&
2x = 0 x = 0 tks laHko gSA ¼D;ksafd x  R)
ifjlj  , 
3 5
 
5 3
x3
mnkgj.k # 13 : , x  R dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
2x 2  3x  9
x3
gy : y=   2yx2 + (3y – 1)x + 3(3y – 1) = 0  .......(i)
2x  3x  9
2
fLFkfr- : ;fn y  0 gks] rks lehdj.k (i), x esa f}?kkr gSA

  x okLrfod gSA
 D0
  (3y – 1)2 – 24y (3y – 1)  0
  (3y – 1) (21y + 1)  0
 1 1
y   ,  – {0}
 21 3 
fLFkfr- : ;fn y = 0 gks] rks lehdj.k (i) fuEu izdkj gks tkrh gS&
x = –2 tks laHko gSA ¼D;ksafd x  R) 
 1 1
   ifjlj y    , 
 21 3
vH;kl dk;Z %
(10) ;fn c > 0 gks ,oa ax2 + 2bx + 3c = 0 dk dksbZ okLrfod ewy ugha gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
(i) 4a – 4b + 3c > 0 (ii) a + 6b + 27c > 0 (iii) a + 2b + 6c > 0
(a  b)2
(11) ;fn f(x) = (x – a) (x – b) gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd f(x)  – .
4
(12) 'k' ds fdl U;wure iw.kk±d eku ds fy, f}?kkr cgqin k – 1) x2 + 8x + k + 5 > 0  x  R gksxk \
ADVQE-7
f}?kkr lehdj.k
x 2  34x  71
(13) O;atd ] x  R dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A ;fn x okLrfod gSA
x 2  2x  7
mx 2  3x  4
(14) O;atd ,  x  R ds lHkh okLrfod eku lEHko gksus ds fy, 'm' fdl
4x 2  3x  m
vUrjky esa fLFkr gksxk] Kkr dhft,A
Answers : (12) k = 4 (13) (– , 5]  [9, ) (14) m  (1, 7)
10. ewyksa dh fLFkfr (Location of Roots) :

f (x) = ax² + bx + c, tgk¡ a > 0 ,oa a, b, c  R.
(i) (ii) (iii)
(i) f (x) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy ,d fo'ks"k la[;k x0 ls cM+s gksus ds fy, fuEu izfrcU/k gS&
b²  4ac  0 ,oa f (x0) > 0 ,oa ( b/2a) > x0
(ii) f (x) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy ,d fo'ks"k la[;k x0 ls NksVs gksus ds fy, fuEu izfrcU/k gS&
b²  4ac  0 ,oa f (x0) > 0 ,oa ( b/2a) < x0.
(iii) la[;k x0 lehdj.k f (x) = 0 ds ewyksa ds e/; fLFkr gksus ds fy, izfrcU/k f (x0) < 0 gSA
(iv) (v)
(iv) lehdj.k f (x) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy la[;k x1 ,oa x2 (x1 < x2) ds e/; fLFkr gksus ds fy, fuEu izfrcU/k gS&
b²  4ac  0 ,oa f (x1) > 0 ,oa f (x2) > 0 ,oa x1 < ( b/2a) < x2
(v) lehdj.k f (x) = 0 dk Bhd ,d ewy vUrjky (x1, x2) esa fLFkr vFkkZr~ x1 < x < x2 gksus ds fy, izfrcU/k
f (x1). f (x2) < 0 gSA
mnkgj.k # 14 : ekuk x2 – (m – 3) x + m = 0 (m  R) ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k gS] rc m ds eku Kkr dhft, tcfd&

(a) nksuksa ewy 2 ls cMs+ gksA
(b) nksuksa ewy /kukRed gksA
(c) ,d ewy /kukRed rFkk nwljk _.kkRed gksA
(d) ,d ewy 2 ls cM+k rFkk nwljk 1 ls NksVk gksA
(e) ewy ifjek.k esa cjkcj rFkk foijhr fpUg ds gksA
(f) nksuksa ewy vUrjky (1, 2) esa fLFkr gksA
gy : (a)
izfrcU/k - : D0   (m – 3)2 – 4m  0  m2 – 10m + 9  0

     (m – 1) (m – 9)  0 
      m  (– , 1]  [9, ) ......(i)
izfrcU/k - : f(2) > 0  4 – (m – 3)2 + m > 0m < 10 ......(ii)
b m3
izfrcU/k - :– >2  2  m>7 ....(iii)
2a 2
loZfu"B ls m  [9, 10)
ADVQE-8
f}?kkr lehdj.k
(b)
izfrcU/k -  D0  m  (– , 1] [9, )

izfrcU/k -  f(0) > 0  m>0
b m3
izfrcU/k -   >0  >0  m>3
2a 2
(i), (ii) ,oa (iii) ds loZfu"B ls m  [9, ) Ans.
(c)
izfrcU/k -  f(0) < 0   m<0 Ans.
(d)
izfrcU/k -  f(1) < 0  4<0   m 

izfrcU/k -  f(2) < 0  m > 10 
loZfu"B ls m   Ans.
(e) ewyksa dk ;ksx = 0  m=3

,oa f(0) < 0  m<0  m  Ans.
(f)
izfrcU/k -  D0  m  (– , 1]  [9, )

izfrcU/k -  f(1) > 0  1 – (m – 3) + m > 0  4 > 0 tks fd 'm' ds çR;sd okLrfod eku
ds fy, lR; gS vr% m  R
izfrcU/k -  f(2) > 0  m < 10
b m3
izfrcU/k - V 1<– <2  1< <2  5<m<7
2a 2
loZfu"B ls m  Ans.
mnkgj.k # 15 : lehdj.k (a – 2)x2 – 2ax + a = 0 ds nksuksa ewy vUrjky (– 2, 1) esa fLFkr gksus ds fy, 'a' ds lHkh eku
Kkr dhft,&
gy : fLFkfr-I : f(–2) > 0  4(a – 2) + 4a + a > 0
8
9a – 8 > 0  a>
9
f(1) > 0  a – 2 – 2a + a > 0
– 2 > 0 laHko ugha  a 
ADVQE-9
f}?kkr lehdj.k
fLFkfr-I : a–2<0  a<2
8
f(–2) < 0  a<
9
f(1) < 0  aR
b 4
–2< –<1  a<
2a 3
D0  a0
mHk;fu"B a  0, 
8
 9
lEiw.kZ gy a  0,   {2}

8
 9
vH;kl dk;Z %
(15) ;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 – 2(a – 1)x + a – 1 = 0 (a  R) gks] rks a dk eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy,
(a) nksuksa ewy /kukRed gksA (b) nksuksa ewy _.kkRed gksA
(c) nksuksa ewy foifjr fpUg ds gksA (d) nksuksa ewy 1 ls cM+s gksA
(e) nksuksa ewy 1 ls NksVs gksA (f) ,d ewy 1 ls NksVk rFkk nwljk ewy 1 ls cM+k gksA
(16) lehdj.k 4x – 20px + (25p + 15p – 66) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy 2 ls NksVs gksus ds fy, 'p' ds eku Kkr
2 2
dhft,A
(17)  ds os eku eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, 6, lehdj.k x2 + 2( – 3)x + 9 = 0 ds ewyksa ds e/; fLFkr
gksxkA
(18) ;fn x2 – 2(a – 1)x + a – 1 = 0 (a  R) f}?kkr lehdj.k gks] rks 'a' dk eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy,
(i) Bhd ,d ewy (0, 1) esa gksA (ii) nksuksa ewy (0, 1) esa gksA
(iii) de ls de ,d ewy (0, 1) esa gksA
(iv) ,d ewy 1 ls cM+k rFkk nwljk 0 ls NksVk gksA
(19) f}?kkr O;atd ax2 + (a – 2) x – 2 dk eku 'x' ds Bhd nks iw.kk±d ekuksa ds fy, _.kkRed gksus ds fy, 'a'
ds eku Kkr dhft,A
Answers : (15) (a) [2, ) (b)  (c) (– , 1) (d)  (e) (– , 1] (f) (2, )
 3
(16) (– , –1) (17)  ,  
 4
(18) (i) (– , 1)  (2, ) (ii)  (iii) ( – , 1)  (2, ) (iv) 
(19) [1, 2)
11. mHk;fu"B ewy (Common Roots) :

ekukfd nks f}?kkr lehdj.k a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 = 0 ,oa a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 = 0 gSaA
(i) ;fn nksuksa f}?kkr lehdj.kksa ds nksuksa ewy mHk;fu"B gks] rks nksuksa lehdj.ksa loZle gksxh ,oa muds xq.kkad
a1 b1 c
lekuqikrh gksaxs vFkkZr~ = = 1
a2 b2 c2
(ii) ;fn dsoy ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks] rks mHk;fu"B ewy
c1 a2  c 2 a1 b1 c 2  b2 c1
= = gksxkA
a1 b2  a2 b1 c1 a2  c 2 a1
vr% ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gksus ds fy, vko';d izfrcU/k

c1 a2  c 2 a1  =  a1 b2  a2 b1  b1 c 2  b2 c1 
2

uksV : ;fn f(x) = 0 ,oa g(x) = 0 nks cgqinh; lehdj.ksa gS ftuds dqN ewy mHk;fu"B gS rks ;s mHk;fu"B ewy lehdj.k
h(x) = a f(x) + b g(x) = 0 ds Hkh ewy gksrs gSA
ADVQE-10
f}?kkr lehdj.k
mnkgj.k # 16 : ;fn x2 – ax + b = 0 rFkk x2 – px + q = 0 nksuksa dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gS rFkk f}rh; lehdj.k esa nksuksa
ap
ewy leku gS rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd b + q = gksxkA
2
gy : fn, x, lehdj.k x2 – ax + b = 0 ........ (i)
rFkk x2 – px + q = 0 ........ (ii) gSA
ekuk '' budk ,d mHk;fu"B ewy gSA rc lehdj.k (ii) ds ewy '' rFkk '' gksxsaA ekuk lehdj.k
(i) dk nwljk ewy '' gSA bl izdkj lehdj.k (i) ds ewy ,  gS rFkk lehdj.k (ii) ds ewy , gSA
vc +=a ........ (iii)
 = b ........ (iv)
2 = p ........ (v)
2 = q ........ (vi)
cka;h vksj (L.H.S). = b + q =  + 2 = ( + ) ........ (vii)
ap (  ) 2
,oa nka;h vksj (R.H.S.) = = =  ( + ) ........ (viii)
2 2
(vii) ,oa (viii) ls] cka;h vksj = nka;h vksj
mnkgj.k # 17 : ;fn a, b, c  R rFkk lehdj.kksa ax2 + bx + c = 0 rFkk x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 esa ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gS rks fl}
dhft, fd a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 9.
gy : nh x;h lehdj.ksa x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 ........ (i)
rFkk ax2 + bx + c = 0 gSA ........ (ii)
Li"Vr% lehdj.k (i) ds ewy dkYifud gSA pw¡fd lehdj.k (i) ,oa (ii) dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gS]
vr% mHk;fu"B ewy dkYifud gksusa pkfg, rFkk bl izdkj nksuksa ewy mHk;fu"B gksxsa blfy, lehdj.k (i) ,oa
(ii) loZle gSA
a b c
 = =  a:b:c=1:2:9
1 2 9
vH;kl dk;Z :
(20) ;fn lehdj.kksa ax2 + bx + c = 0 rFkk x3 + x – 2 = 0 ds nks ewy mHk;fu"B gks rks iznf'kZr dhft,
fd 2a = 2b = c.
(21) ;fn lehdj.kksa ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 rFkk a1x2 + 2b1x + c1 = 0 esa ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks vkSj
a b c
, , lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks iznf'kZr fdft, fd a1, b1, c1 xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa gSaA
a1 b1 c1
12. cgqinksa ds vkjs[k (Graphs of Polynomials) :

y = anxn + ............ + a1x + a0. fcUnq tgk¡ y' = 0 ] ifjofrZr fcUnq] tgk¡ vkjs[k dks [khpus ij ØkfUrd gSA
mnkgj.k # 18 : y = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1 dk vkjs[k [khpha,A

gy : y = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 6(x – 3) (x – 2)
x 2 3  –
y 29 28  –
mnkgj.k # 19 : y = –3x4 + 4x3 + 3 dk vkjs[k [khpha,A

gy : y = –12x3 + 12x
y = –12x2 (x – 1)
x 0 1  –
y 3 4 – –
ADVQE-11
Quadratic Equation
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Relation between the roots and coefficients ; Quadratic Equation
[k.M (A) : ewyksa vkSj xq.kkadksa ds e/; lEcU/k vkSj f}?kkr lehdj.k
A-1. For what value of 'a', the equation (a2 – a – 2)x2 + (a2 – 4)x + (a2 – 3a + 2) = 0, will have more than two
solutions ? Does there exist a real value of 'x' for which the above equation will be an identity in 'a' ?
'a' ds fdl eku ds fy, lehdj.k (a2 – a – 2)x2 + (a2 – 4)x + (a2 – 3a + 2) = 0 ds nks ls vf/kd gy gksaxs \ D;k
'x' dk ,slk dksbZ okLrfod eku fo|eku gS ftlds fy, nh xbZ lehdj.k 'a' esa ,d loZlfedk gks \
Ans. a = 2; No real value of x. (a = 2; x ds fdlh Hkh okLrfod eku ds fy, ugha )
A-2. If  and  are the roots of the equation 2x 2 + 3x + 4 = 0, then find the values of
;fn lehdj.k 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 ds ewy  ,oa  gksa] rks fuEu ds eku Kkr dhft,&
 
(i) 2 + 2 (ii) +
 
7 7
Ans. (i) – (ii) –
4 8
A-3. If  and  are the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then find the equation whose roots are given by
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewy ,  gksa] rks og f}?kkr lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftuds ewy fuEu gS&
1 1
(i) + ,+ (ii) 2 + 2, 2 + 2
 
Ans. (i) ac x2 + b(a + c) x + (a + c)2 = 0 (ii) a2 x2 + (2ac – 4a2 – b2) x + 2b2 + (c – 2a)2 = 0
 
A-4. If  but 2 = 5 – 3, 2 = 5 – 3, then find the equation whose roots are and .
 
 
;fn  ysfdu 2 = 5 – 3, 2 = 5 – 3 gks] rks og f}?kkr lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy ,oa gksA
 
Ans. 3x2 – 19x + 3 = 0.
A-5. In copying a quadratic equation of the form x2 + px + q = 0, the coefficient of x was wrongly written
as – 10 in place of – 11 and the roots were found to be 4 and 6. Find the roots of the correct equation.
x2 + px + q = 0 :i dh ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k dks fy[krs le; x dk xq.kkad xyrh ls –11 dh txg –10 fy[kus ij
ewy 4 ,oa 6 izkIr gksrs gks] rks lgh lehdj.k ds ewy Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 8, 3
3  5 1
A-6. (i) Find the value of the expression 2x 3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 when x = .
2
3  5 1
;fn x = gks] rks O;atd 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
2
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ADVQE- 1
Quadratic Equation
1  15
(ii) Find the value of the expression 2x 3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 when x =
2
1  15
;fn x = gks] rks O;atd 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
2
(iii) Solve the following equation 22x + 2x+2 – 32 = 0
fuEu lehdj.kksa dks gy dhft, 22x + 2x+2 – 32 = 0
Ans. (i) 4 (ii) 72 (iii) 2
A-7. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a  0 and let ,  be the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0. Express
the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of , 
ekuk a, b, c okLrfod la[;k,¡ gS tcfd a  0 rFkk ekuk lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewy ,  gSA
lehdj.k a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 ds ewyksa dks , ds inksa esa O;Dr dhft,A
Ans.  = 2 and (vkSj)  = 2 or (;k)  = 2 and (vkSj) = 2
A-8. If ,  are roots of x2 – px + q = 0 and  – 2,  + 2 are roots of x2 – px + r = 0, then prove that

16q + (r + 4 – q)2 = 4p2.
;fn ,  lehdj.k x2 – px + q = 0 ds ewy gS rFkk  – 2,  + 2 lehdj.k x2 – px + r = 0 ds ewy gS rc fl)
dhft, fd 16q + (r + 4 – q)2 = 4p2.
A-9. If one root of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to nth power of the other root, then show that
(acn)1/(n + 1) + (anc)1/(n + 1) + b = 0.
;fn lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 dk ,d ewy nwljs ewy dh noha ?kkr ds cjkcj gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd
(acn)1/(n + 1) + (anc)1/(n + 1) + b = 0.
A-10. If the sum of the roots of quadratic equation (a + 1)x 2 + (2a + 3)x + (3a + 4) = 0 is –1, then find the
product of the roots.
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k (a + 1)x2 + (2a + 3)x + (3a + 4) = 0 ds ewyksa dk ;ksxQy –1 gS rc ewykas dk xq.kuQy Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. 2
A-11. Find the least prime integral value of '2a' such that the roots ,  of the equation 2 x 2 + 6 x + a = 0
 
satisfy the inequality  < 2.
 
 
'2a' dk U;wure vHkkT; iw.kkZad eku Kkr djks tcfd lehdj.k 2 x2 + 6 x + a = 0 ds ewy , vlfedk  <
 
2 dks lUrq"V djrs gSA
Ans. 11
Section (B) : Relation between roots and coefficients ; Higher Degree Equations
[k.M (B) : ewyksa vkSj xq.kkadksa ds e/; lEcU/k ; mPp ?kkr lehdj.ksa
B-1. If  and  be two real roots of the equation x 3 + px2 + qx + r = 0 (r 0) satisfying the relation  + 1 = 0,
then prove that r2 + pr + q + 1 = 0.
;fn lehdj.k x3 +px2 + qx + r = 0 (r 0) ds nks okLrfod ewy ,  bl izdkj gS fd lEcU/k  + 1 = 0 dks
lUrq"V djrs gS] rks fl) dhft, fd r2 + pr + q + 1 = 0.
B-2. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x 3 + px2 + qx + r = 0, then find the value of
 1 1  1 
          .
      
ADVQE- 2
Quadratic Equation
 1 1  1 
;fn lehdj.k x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0 ds ewy , ,  gks] rks             dk eku Kkr
        
dhft,A
(r  1)3
Ans. –
r2
B-3. (i) Solve the equation 24x 3 – 14x2 – 63x +  = 0, one root being double of another. Hence find the
value(s) of .
lehdj.k 24x3 – 14x2 – 63x +  = 0 dks gy dhft, tcfd ,d ewy nwljs ewy dk nqxquk gS Qyr%
dk@ds eku Kkr dhft,A
(ii) Solve the equation 18x 3 + 81x2 + x + 60 = 0, one root being half the sum of the other two.
Hence find the value of     
 lehdj.k 18x + 81x + x + 60 = 0 dks gy dhft, tcfd ,d ewy] vU; nks ewykas ds ;ksxQy dk vk/kk
3 2
gS vr%  dk eku Kkr dhft,A

3 3 5 1 25
Ans. (i) roots are ewy gS , , ,  = 45 or ,  1, ,  = –25 .
4 2 3 2 12
4 3 5
(ii) roots are ewy gS , , ,  = 121
3 2 3
B-4. If , ,  are roots of equation x 3 – 6x2 + 10x – 3 = 0, then find cubic equation with roots 2 + 1, 2 + 1,
2 + 1.
;fn , ,  lehdj.k x3 – 6x2 + 10x – 3 = 0 ds ewy gS rc lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy
2 + 1, 2 + 1 vkSj 2 + 1 gSA
Ans. x3 – 15x2 + 67x – 77 = 0.
 
B-5. If ,  and  are roots of 2x3 + x2 – 7 = 0, then find the value of     .
, ,  
 
 
;fn lehdj.k 2x3 + x2 – 7 = 0 ds ewy , ,  gks] rks     dk eku Kkr dhft,A
, ,  
 
Ans. –3
B-6. Find the roots of 4x3 + 20x2 – 23x + 6 = 0 if two of its roots are equal.
lehdj.k 4x3 + 20x2 – 23x + 6 = 0 ds ewy Kkr dhft,] ;fn blds nks ewy leku gSaA
1 1
Ans. , ,–6
2 2
Section (C) : Nature of Roots

[k.M (C) : ewykas dh çd`fr
C-1. If 2 + i 3 is a root of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 (where p, q  R and i2 = –1), then find the ordered
pair (p, q).
;fn lehdj.k x2 + px + q = 0 dk ,d ewy 2 + i 3 gks (tgk¡ p, q  R rFkk i2 = –1), rks Øfer ;qXe (p, q) Kkr
dhft;sA
Ans. (– 4, 7)
C-2. If the roots of the equation x 2 – 2cx + ab = 0 are real and unequal, then prove that the roots of
x2 – 2(a + b) x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0 will be imaginary.
;fn lehdj.k x2 – 2cx + ab = 0 ds ewy okLrfod vkSj vleku gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k
x2 – 2(a + b) x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0 ds ewy dkYifud gksaxsA
ADVQE- 3
Quadratic Equation
C-3. For what values of k the expression kx2 + (k + 1)x + 2 will be a perfect square of a linear polynomial.
'k' ds fdu ekuksa ds fy, O;atd kx2 + (k + 1)x + 2 ,d jSf[kd cgqin dk iw.kZ oxZ gksxk \
Ans. 3±2 2
C-4. Show that if roots of equation (a2 – bc) x2 + 2(b2 – ac) x + c2 – ab = 0 are equal, then either
b = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
;fn lehdj.k (a2 – bc) x2 + 2(b2 – ac) x + c2 – ab = 0 ds ewy leku gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd ;k rks
b = 0 ;k a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc gksxkA
1 1 1
C-5. If a, b, c  R, then prove that the roots of the equation + + = 0 are always real and
x a x b xc
cannot have roots if a = b = c.
1 1 1
;fn a, b, c  R, rks fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k + + = 0 ds ewy lnSo okLrfod gksxsa rFkk dksbZ
x a x b xc
ewy ugha gks ldrk ;fn a = b = c gksA
1 1 1
C-6. If the roots of the equation + = are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, then
(x  p) (x  q) r
show that p + q = 2 r and that the product of the roots is equal to (1/2) (p² + q²).
1 1 1
;fn lehdj.k + = ds ewy ifjek.k esa cjkcj rFkk foijhr fpUg ds gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft,
(x  p) (x  q) r
fd p + q = 2 r ,oa ewyksa dk xq.kuQy (1/2) (p² + q²) gSA
C-7. (i) If – 2 + i is a root of x 3 + 63x +  = 0 (where  R – {0},  R and i2 = –1), then find roots of
equation.
;fn – 2 + i lehdj.k x3 + 63x +  = 0 (tgk¡  R – {0},  R vkSj i2 = –1 gS),dk ,d ewy gS rc
lehdj.k ds ewy Kkr dhft,A
1
(ii) If + i, is a root of 2x 3 + bx2 + 3x + 1 = 0 (where b,  R – {0} and i2 = –1), then find the
2
value(s) of b.
1
;fn + i, lehdj.k 2x3 + bx2 + 3x + 1 = 0 (tgk¡ b,   R – {0} vkSj i2 = –1 gS), ds ewy gS rc b
2
dk@ds eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (i) 4, – 2 ± i 5 3 (ii) 3 or 4
C-8. Solve the equation x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x – 2 = 0, one root being – 1 + 1 .
lehdj.k x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x – 2 = 0 dks gy dhft, tcfd bldk ,d ewy – 1 + 1 gksA

Ans. –1± 2,–1± 1
C-9. Draw graph of y = 12x 3 – 4x2 – 3x + 1. Hence find number of positive zeroes.
y = 12x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 1 dk vkjs[k [khpha,A Qyr% /kukRed 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. . Two positive roots. nks /kukRed ewy gSA
ADVQE- 4
Quadratic Equation
Section (D) : Range of quadratic expression and sign of quadratic expression

[k.M (D) : f}?kkr O;atd dk ifjlj vkSj f}?kkr O;atd dk fpUg
D-1. Draw the graph of the following expressions : fuEufyf[kr f}?kkr O;atdksa ds vkys[k cukb, &
(i) y = x2 + 4x + 3 (ii) y = 9x2 + 6x + 1 (iii) y = – 2x2 + x – 1
Ans./Sol. (i) (ii) (iii)
D-2. Find the range of following quadratic expressions :

fuEufyf[kr f}?kkr O;atdks ds ifjlj Kkr dhft, &
(i) f(x) = –x2 + 2x + 3 xR Ans. (–, 4]
(ii) f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3 x  [0, 3] Ans. [2, 6]
(iii) f(x) = x2 – 4x + 6 x  (0, 1] Ans. [3, 6)
D-3. If x be real, then find the range of the following rational expressions :
;fn 'x' okLrfod gks] rks fuEufyf[kr ifjes; O;atdks ds ifjlj Kkr dhft,&
x2  x  1 1 3
(i) y= Ans. 2, 2
x 12
 
x 2  2x  9  4 
(ii)  y= Ans.   , 5   (1, )
x – 2x  9
2
 
kx 2  2(k  1)x  (9k  4)

D-4. Find the range of values of k, such that f(x) = is always negative.
x2  8x  17
kx 2  2(k  1)x  (9k  4)

k ds ekuksa dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,] ;fn f(x) = ges'kk _.kkRed jgrk gSA
x2  8x  17
 1
Ans.  ,  2 
 
D-5. x2 + (a  b) x + (1  a  b) = 0, a, b  R. Find the condition on ' a ' for which

(i) Both roots of the equation are real and unequal  b  R .
(ii) Roots are imaginary  b  R
x2 + (a  b) x + (1  a  b) = 0, a, b  R ' a ' ij izzfrcU/k Kkr dht, fd tcfd
(i) lehdj.k ds nksuksa ewy okLrfod vkSj vleku gS  b  R .
(ii) ewy dkYifud gS  b  R
Ans. (i) a > 1 (ii) a .
Section (E) : Location of Roots

[k.M (E) : ewyksa dh fLFkfr
E-1. If both roots of the equation x2 – 6ax + 2 – 2a + 9a2 = 0 exceed 3, then show that a > 11/9.
;fn lehdj.k x2 – 6ax + 2 – 2a + 9a2 = 0 ds nksuksa ewy 3 ls cM+s gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd a > 11/9
ADVQE- 5
Quadratic Equation
E-2. Find all the values of 'K' for which one root of the equation x²  (K + 1) x + K² + K  8 = 0, exceeds 2 &
the other root is smaller than 2.
lehdj.k x²  (K + 1) x + K² + K  8 = 0 dk ,d ewy 2 ls cM+k ,oa nwljk ewy 2 ls NksVk gksus ds fy, 'K' ds eku
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. K  ( 2, 3)
E-3. Find all the real values of 'a', so that the roots of the equation
(a2 – a + 2) x2 + 2(a – 3) x + 9 (a4 – 16) = 0 are of opposite sign.
lehdj.k (a2 – a + 2) x2 + 2(a – 3) x + 9 (a4 – 16) = 0 ds ewy foijhr fpUg ds gksus ds fy, 'a' ds lHkh okLrfod
eku Kkr dhft, A
Ans. a  (–2, 2)
E-4. Find all the values of 'a', so that exactly one root of the equation x 2 – 2ax + a2 – 1 = 0, lies between the
numbers 2 and 4, and no root of the equation is either equal to 2 or equal to 4.
lehdj.k x2 – 2ax + a2 – 1 = 0 dk Bhd ,d ewy la[;kvksa 2 vkSj 4 ds e/; fLFkr gks rFkk lehdj.k dk dksbZ Hkh
ewy u rks 2 ds cjkcj gks vkSj u gh 4 ds cjkcj gks] rks 'a' ds lHkh eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a  (1, 5) – {3}
E-5. If  &  are the two distinct roots of x² + 2 (K  3) x + 9 = 0, then find the values of K such that 
,   ( 6, 1).
;fn x² + 2 (K  3) x + 9 = 0 ds ewy  ,oa  gks] rks 'K' dk eku Kkr dhft, tcfd ,   ( 6, 1).
Ans. 6 < K < 6.75
Section (F) : Common Roots & Graphs of Polynomials

[k.M (F) : mHk;fu"B ewy ,oa cgqinksa ds vkjs[k
F-1. If one of the roots of the equation ax 2 + b x + c = 0 be reciprocal of one of the roots of
a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 = 0, then prove that (a a1  c c1)2 = (b c1  a b1) (b1c  a1b).
;fn lehdj.k a x2 + b x + c = 0 dk dksbZ ,d ewy lehdj.k a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 = 0 ds ewyksa esa ls ,d dk O;qRØe
gS rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd (a a1  c c1)2 = (b c1  a b1) (b1c  a1b).
F-2. Find the value of 'a' so that x2 – 11 x + a = 0 and x2 – 14x + 2a = 0 have a common root.
x2 – 11 x + a = 0 vkSj x2 – 14x + 2a = 0 dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gksus ds fy, 'a' ds eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a = 0, 24
F-3. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 and bx 2 + cx + a = 0 have a common root and a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then
a3  b3  c 3
find the value of .
abc
;fn ax2 + bx + c = 0 vkSj bx2 + cx + a = 0 dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks vkSj a, b, c v'kwU; okLrfod la[;k,¡ gks] rks
a3  b3  c 3
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
abc
Ans. 3
F-4. If x2 + px + q = 0 and x 2 + qx + p = 0, (p  q) have a common root, show that 1 + p + q = 0 ; show that

their other roots are the roots of the equation x 2 + x + pq = 0.
;fn x2 + px + q = 0 vkSj x2 + qx + p = 0, (p  q) dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd
1 + p + q = 0 rFkk ;g Hkh iznf'kZr dhft, fd 'ks"k ewy lehdj.k x2 + x + pq = 0 ds ewy gSaA
F-5. Draw the graphs of following :

fuEu ds vkjs[k [khph,saA
(i) y = 2x3 + 9x2 – 24x + 15 (ii) y = – 3x4 + 4x3 + 12x2 – 2
ADVQE- 6
Quadratic Equation
Ans. (i) (ii)
F-6. Find values of ‘k’ if equation x3 – 3x2 + 2 = k has

‘k’ dk eku Kkr dhft, tcfd lehdj.k x3 – 3x2 + 2 = k j[krk gS &
(i) 3 real roots okLrfod ewy
(ii) 1 real root okLrfod ewy
Ans. (i) k[–2,2]
(ii) k(–,–2)  (2,)
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Relation between the roots and coefficients quadratic equation
[k.M (A) : ewyksa vkSj xq.kkadksa ds e/; lEcU/k vkSj f}?kkr lehdj.k
A-1. The roots of the equation (b – c) x2 + (c – a) x + (a – b) = 0 are

lehdj.k (b – c) x2 + (c – a) x + (a – b) = 0 ds ewy gaS&
c a ab bc c a
(A) ,1 (B*) ,1 (C) ,1 (D) ,1
bc bc ab ab
A-2. If ,  are the roots of quadratic equation x 2 + p x + q = 0 and ,  are the roots of x 2 + p x – r = 0,
then () . () is equal to :
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 + p x + q = 0 ds ewy ,  gks vkSj lehdj.k x2 + p x – r = 0 ds ewy ,  gks] rks
() . () dk eku gS &
(A) q + r (B) q – r (C*) – (q + r) (D) – (p + q + r)
A-3. Two real numbers  &  are such that  +  = 3,   = 4, then  &  are the roots of the quadratic
equation:
(A*) 4x2  12x  7 = 0 (B) 4x2  12x + 7 = 0 (C) 4x2  12x + 25 = 0 (D) none of these
nks okLrfod la[;k,¡  ,oa  bl izdkj gS fd  +  = 3 ,oa   = 4 gks] rks og f}?kkr lehdj.k ftlds ewy 
,oa  gS] gksxh&
(A) 4x2  12x  7 = 0 (B) 4x2  12x + 7 = 0 (C) 4x2  12x + 25 = 0 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
A-4.For the equation 3x2 + px + 3 = 0, p > 0 if one of the roots is square of the other, then p is equal to:
lehdj.k 3 x2 + px + 3 = 0, p > 0 ds fy, ;fn ,d ewy nwljs dk oxZ gks] rks p dk eku gS&
(A) 1/3 (B) 1 (C*) 3 (D) 2/3
A-5. Consider the following statements :

S1 : If the roots of x2 – bx + c = 0 are two consecutive integers, then value of b2 – 4c is equal to 1.
S2 : If  are roots of x2 – x + 3 = 0 then value of 4 is equal 7.
S3 : If  are the roots of x3 – 7x2 + 16 x – 12 = 0 then value of 2 + 2 +  is equal to 17.
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3 are true or false
ADVQE- 7
Quadratic Equation
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, :

S1 : ;fn lehdj.k x2 – bx + c = 0 ds ewy nks Øekxr iw.kk±d gks] rks b2 – 4c dk eku 1 gSA
S2 : ;fn x2 – x + 3 = 0 ds ewy gks] rks 4 dk eku 7 gSA
S3 : ;fn x3 – 7x2 + 16 x – 12 = 0 ds ewy  gks] rks 2 + 2 +  dk eku 17 gSA
S1, S2, S3 ds lR; (T) ;k vlR; (F) gksus dk lgh Øe gS &
(A*) TTT (B) FTF (C) TFT (D) FTT
Section (B) : Relation between roots and coefficients ; Higher Degree Equations
[k.M (B) : ewyksa vkSj xq.kkadksa ds e/; lEcU/k ; mPp ?kkr lehdj.ksa
B-1. If two roots of the equation x 3  px2 + qx  r = 0, (r  0) are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign,
then:
(A) pr = q (B) qr = p (C*) pq = r (D) None of these
;fn lehdj.k x3  px2 + qx  r = 0, (r  0) ds nks ewy ekikad esa cjkcj ijUrq foijhr fpUg ds gks] rks &
(A) pr = q (B) qr = p (C) pq = r (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughA
1  1  1 
B-2. If , &  are the roots of the equation x 3  x  1 = 0 then, + + has the value equal to:
1  1  1 
(A) zero (B)  1 (C*)  7 (D) 1
1   1   1 
;fn lehdj.k x3  x  1 = 0 ds ewy , ,oa  gks] rks + + dk eku gS&
1  1  1 
(A) 'kwU; (B)  1 (C)  7 (D) 1
B-3. Let , , be the roots of (x – a) (x – b) (x – c) = d, d  0, then the roots of the equation
(x – ) (x – ) (x – ) + d = 0 are :
;fn lehdj.k (x – a) (x – b) (x – c) = d, d  0, ds ewy  gks] rks lehdj.k
(x – ) (x – ) (x – ) + d = 0 ds ewy gSa &
(A) a + 1, b + 1, c + 1 (B*) a, b, c
a b c
(C) a – 1, b – 1, c – 1 (D) , ,
b c a
3  3   3
B-4_. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3 + ax + b = 0 then value of 2 is equal to :
  2   2
3  3   3
;fn , ,  lehdj.k x3 + ax + b = 0 ds ewy gS rc dk eku cjkcj gS&
 2  2   2
3b 3b
(A*) (B) (C) 3b (D) 2b
2a 2a
B-5_. If two of the roots of equation x4 – 2x3 + ax2 + 8x + b = 0 are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign,
then value of 4a + b is equal to :
;fn lehdj.k x4 – 2x3 + ax2 + 8x + b = 0 ds nks ewy ifjek.k es cjkcj ijUrq foijhr fpUg ds gS rc 4a + b dk
eku cjkcj gS&
(A) 16 (B) 8 (C*) –16 (D) –8
ADVQE- 8
Quadratic Equation
Section (C) : Nature of Roots

[k.M (C) : ewykas dh çd`fr
C-1. If one roots of equation x2 – 3 x +  = 0 ,   R is 3 + 2 then other root is

;fn lehdj.k x2 – 3 x +  = 0 ,   R dk ,d ewy 3 + 2 gS rc] nwljk ewy gS &
(A) 3–2 (B*) – 2 (C) 2 – 3 (D) 2
C-2. If roots of equation 2x2 + bx + c = 0 ; b, c  R, are real & distinct then the roots of equation
2cx2 + (b – 4c) x + 2c – b + 1 = 0 are
(A) imaginary (B) equal (C*) real and distinct (D) can't say
;fn lehdj.k 2x2 + bx + c = 0 ; b, c  R, ds ewy okLrfod vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu gS rc] lehdj.k
2cx2 + (b – 4c) x + 2c – b + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS
(A) dkYifud (B) cjkcj (C*) okLrfod vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu (D) dqN dgk ugha tk ldrk
C-3. Let one root of the equation x 2 + x + m = 0 is square of other root. If mR then
ekuk lehdj.k x2 + x + m = 0 dk ,d ewy nwljs ewy dk oxZ gS ;fn mR rc
 1
(A*)   – ,   {1} (B) (–0]
 4
 1 1 
(C)   – ,  (D)   ,1
 9 4 
C-4. If a, b, c are integers and b2 = 4(ac + 5d2), d  N, then roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
are
(A*) Irrational (B) Rational & different
(C) Complex conjugate (D) Rational & equal
;fn a, b, c iw.kk±d gks vkSj b = 4(ac + 5d ), d  N, rks f}?kkr lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewy gSa &
2 2
(A) vifjes; (B) ifjes; vkSj vleku (C) lfEeJ la;qXeh (D) ifjes; vkSj leku
C-5. Let a, b and c be real numbers such that 4a + 2b + c = 0 and ab > 0. Then the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
(A*) real roots (B) imaginary roots (C) exactly one root (D) none of these
;fn a, b ,oa c okLrfod la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd 4a + 2b + c = 0 rFkk ab > 0 gks] rks lehdj.k
ax2 + bx + c = 0
(A) ds nksuksa ewy okLrfod gSA (B) ds nksuksa ewy dkYifud gSA
(C) dk Bhd ,d ewy gSA (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
C-6. Consider the equation x 2 + 2x – n = 0, where n  N and n  [5, 100]. Total number of different values of
'n' so that the given equation has integral roots, is
fdlh lehdj.k x2 + 2x – n = 0, tgk¡ n  N vkSj n  [5, 100], ds ewy iw.kk±d gksus ds fy, n ds fHkUu&fHkUu ekuksa
dh dqy la[;k gS &
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C*) 8 (D) 3
Section (D) : Range of quadratic expression and sign of quadratic expression

[k.M (D) : f}?kkr O;atd dk ifjlj vkSj f}?kkr O;atd dk fpUg
D-1. If  &  ( < ) are the roots of the equation x 2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
;fn lehdj.k x2 + bx + c = 0 ¼tgk¡ c < 0 < b½ ds ewy  ,oa  ( < ) gks] rks&
(A) 0 <  <  (B*)  < 0 < 2< 2
(C) <  < 0 (D) < 0 < 2 < 2
ADVQE- 9
Quadratic Equation
D-2. Which of the following graph represents the expression f(x) = a x2 + b x + c (a  0) when
a > 0, b < 0 & c < 0 ?
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk vkys[k O;atd f (x) = a x2 + b x + c (a  0) dks iznf'kZr djrk gS tcfd a > 0, b < 0
,oa c < 0 gks &
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
D-3. The expression y = ax2 + bx + c has always the same sign as of 'a' if :
(A) 4ac < b2 (B*) 4ac > b2 (C) 4ac = b2 (D) ac < b2
O;tad y = ax + bx + c dk fpUg lnSo 'a' ds fpUg ds leku gksrk gS ;fn &
2
(A) 4ac < b2 (B*) 4ac > b2 (C) 4ac = b2 (D) ac < b2
D-4. The entire graph of the expression y = x 2 + kx – x + 9 is strictly above the x-axis if and only if
(A) k < 7 (B*) –5 < k < 7 (C) k > – 5 (D) none of these
O;atd y = x2 + kx – x + 9 dk lEiw.kZ vkys[k x-v{k ls Åij gksxk ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn &
(A) k < 7 (B) –5 < k < 7 (C) k > – 5 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
D-5. If a, b  R, a  0 and the quadratic equation ax 2  bx + 1 = 0 has imaginary roots then a + b + 1 is:
(A*) positive (B) negative (C) zero (D) depends on the sign of b
;fn a, b  R, a  0 ,oa f}?kkr lehdj.k ax2  bx + 1 = 0 ds ewy dkYifud gks] rks a + b + 1 gksxk&
(A) /kukRed (B) _.kkRed (C) 'kwU; (D) b ds fpUg ij fuHkZjA
D-6. If a and b are the non-zero distinct roots of x 2 + ax + b = 0, then the least value of x 2 + ax + b is
;fn lehdj.k x2 + ax + b = 0 ds v'kwU; fHkUu&fHkUu ewy 'a' ,oa 'b' gks] rks x2 + ax + b dk U;wure eku gS&
3 9 9
(A) (B) (C*) – (D) 1
2 4 4
D-7. If y = – 2x2 – 6x + 9, then

(A) maximum value of y is –11 and it occurs at x = 2
(B) minimum value of y is –11 and it occurs at x = 2
(C*) maximum value of y is 13.5 and it occurs at x = –1.5
(D) minimum value of y is 13.5 and it occurs at x = –1.5
;fn y = – 2x2 – 6x + 9 gks] rks &
(A) y dk vf/kdre eku –11 gS vkSj ;g x = 2 ij izkIr gksrk gSA
(B) y dk U;wure eku –11 gS vkSj ;g x = 2 ij izkIr gksrk gSA
(C) y dk vf/kdre eku 13.5 gS vkSj ;g x = –1.5 ij izkIr gksrk gSA
(D) y dk U;wure eku 13.5 gS vkSj ;g x = –1.5 ij izkIr gksrk gSA
D-8. If f(x) = x 2 + 2bx + 2c2 and g(x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 are such that min f(x) > max g(x), then the relation
between b and c, is
(A) no relation (B) 0 < c < b/2 (C) c2 < 2b (D*) c2 > 2b2
;fn f(x) = x + 2bx + 2c ,oa g(x) = – x – 2cx + b bl izdkj gS fd min f(x) > max g(x) gS] rks b ,oa c esa
2 2 2 2
lEcU/k gS&
(A) dksbZ lEcU/k ugha (B) 0 < c < b/2 (C) c2 < 2b (D*) c2 > 2b2
ADVQE- 10
Quadratic Equation
Section (E) : Location of Roots

[k.M (E) : ewyksa dh fLFkfr
E-1. If b > a, then the equation (x  a) (x  b)  1 = 0, has:
(A) both roots in [a, b] (B) both roots in (a)
(C) both roots in [b) (D*) one root in (a) & other in (b, )
;fn b > a gks] rks lehdj.k (x  a) (x  b)  1 = 0
(A) ds nksuksa ewy vUrjky [a, b] esa gSA (B) ds nksuksa ewy vUrjky (a) esa gSA
(C) ds nksuksa ewy vUrjky [b) esa gSA (D) dk ,d ewy vUrjky (a) esa ,oa nwljk (b, ) esa gSA
E-2. If , are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2  2p (x  4)  15 = 0, then the set of values of 'p' for
which one root is less than 1 & the other root is greater than 2 is:
(A) (7/3, ) (B*) (, 7/3) (C) x  R (D) none of these
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k x2  2p (x  4)  15 = 0 ds ewy ,gks] rks buesa ls ,d ewy 1 ls NksVk vkSj nwljk ewy 2 ls
cM+k gksus ds fy, 'p' ds ekuksa dk leqPp; gS&
(A) (7/3, ) (B) (, 7/3) (C) x  R (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
E-3. If ,  be the roots of 4x2 – 16x +  = 0, where   R, such that 1 <  < 2 and 2 <  < 3, then the
number of integral solutions of  is
;fn lehdj.k 4x2 – 16x +  = 0 tgk¡   R, ds ewy ,  bl izdkj gS fd 1 <  < 2 vkSj 2 <  < 3 gks] rks '' ds
iw.kk±d gyksa dh la[;k gS &
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D*) 3
E-4 Set of real values of k if the equation x – (k–1)x + k = 0 has atleast one root in (1,2) is
2 2
k ds okLrfod ekuksa dk leqPp; gksxk ;fn lehdj.k x2 – (k–1)x + k2 = 0 dk (1,2) esa de ls de ,d ewy
j[krk gS &
(A) (2, 4) (B) [–1, 1/3] (C) {3} (D*) 
Section (F) : Common Roots & Graphs of Polynomials
[k.M (F) : mHk;fu"B ewy ,oa cgqinksa ds vkjs[k
F-1. If the equations k (6x 2 + 3) + rx + 2x2 – 1 = 0 and 6k (2x2 + 1) + px + 4x 2 – 2 = 0 have both roots
common, then the value of (2r – p) is
(A*) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) none of these
;fn lehdj.kksa k (6x2 + 3) + rx + 2x2 – 1 = 0 ,oa 6k (2x2 + 1) + px + 4x2 – 2 = 0 ds nksuksa ewy mHk;fu"B gks]
rks (2r – p) dk eku gS&
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
F-2. If 3x2 – 17x + 10 = 0 and x2 – 5x +  = 0 has a common root, then sum of all possible real values of  is
29 26 29
(A) 0 (B)  (C*) (D)
9 9 3
;fn 3x – 17x + 10 = 0 vkSj x – 5x +  = 0 dk ,d mHk;fu"B ewy gS rc  ds lHkh laHkkfor okLrfod ekuksa dk
2 2
;ksxQy gS
29 26 29
(A) 0 (B)  (C*) (D)
9 9 3
F-3. If a, b, p, q are nonzero real numbers, then two equations 2a2 x2  2 ab x + b2 = 0 and
p2 x2 + 2 pq x + q2 = 0 have :
(A*) no common root (B) one common root if 2 a2 + b2 = p2 + q2
(C) two common roots if 3 pq = 2 ab (D) two common roots if 3 qb = 2 ap
;fn a, b, p, q v'kwU; okLrfod la[;k,¡ gS] rks lehdj.kksa 2 a2 x2  2 ab x + b2 = 0 ,oa p2 x2 + 2 pq x + q2 = 0 ds
fy,
(A) dksbZ mHk;fu"B ewy ugha gSA (B) ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gS] ;fn 2 a2 + b2 = p2 + q2
(C) nks ewy mHk;fu"B gS] ;fn 3 pq = 2 ab (D) nks ewy mHk;fu"B gS] ;fn 3 qb = 2 ap
ADVQE- 11
Quadratic Equation
x3 – 4x
F-4. The graphs of y = is
4
x3 – 4x
y= dk vkjs[k gS&
4
y
30
y
127
2 3
(A) 15 (B) O
–1 2
2 x
x –2
–4 O 1
y
(C*) 2 (D)
3
–2 2 2 x
3
F-5. The graphs of y = x 4 – 2x2 + 5 is

y = x4 – 2x2 + 5 dk vkjs[k gS&
y
30
y
127
2 3
(A) 15 (B) O
–1 2
2 x
x –2
–4 O 1
y
(C) 2 (D*)
3
–2 2 2 x
3
ADVQE- 12
Quadratic Equation
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )
1. Column –  Column – 
(A) If  + 4 are two roots of x2 – 8 x + k = 0, (p) 4
then possible value of k is
1 1
(B) If ,  are roots of x2 + 2x – 4 = 0 and , are (q) 0
 
3
roots of x2 + qx + r = 0 then value of is
qr
(C) If ,  are roots of ax2 + c = 0, ac  0, then (r) 12
 3 + 3 is equal to
(D) If roots of x2 – kx + 36 = 0 (s) 10
are Integers then number of values of k =
LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
(A) ;fn x2 – 8 x + k = 0 ds ewy ,  + 4 gks] rks 'k' dk lEHkkfor (p) 4
eku gS &
1 1
(B) ;fn ,  lehdj.k x2 + 2x – 4 = 0 ds ewy gS rFkk , (q) 0
 
3
lehdj.k x2 + qx + r = 0 ds ewy gS rc dk eku gS&
qr
(C) ;fn lehdj.k ax2 + c = 0, ac  0 ds ewy ,  gS rc (r) 12
 3 + 3 cjkcj gS&
(D) ;fn x2 – kx + 36 = 0 ds ewy iw.kk±d gS (s) 10
rc k ds ekuksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans. (A)  (r), (B)  (p), (C)  (q), (D)  (s)
2. If graph of the expression f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c (a  0) are given in column-II, then Match the items in
column-I with in column-II (where D = b2 – 4ac)
;fn f}?kkr O;atd f(x) = ax + bx + c, (a  0) dk xzkQ LrEHk-II esa iznf'kZr gS rks LrEHk-I dk LrEHk-II ;s laHkkfor
2
feyku djksA (tgk¡ D = b2 – 4ac)

Column-I Column-II
abc
(A) 0 (p)
D
abc
(B) 0 (q)
D
(C) abc > 0 (r)
ADVQE- 13
Quadratic Equation
(D) abc < 0 (s)
Ans. (A  r); (B  p,q,s); (C  s); (D  p,q,r)
3. Let y = Q(x) = ax 2 + bx + c be a quadratic expression. Match the inequalities in Column-I with possible
graphs in Column-II.
ekuk y = Q(x) = ax2 + bx + c ,d f}?kkr O;atd gSA LrEHk - I eas vlfedkvksa dks LrEHk - II ls laHkkfor vkjs[k ls
feykb;s
Column-I Column-II
LrEHk - II LrEHk - II
(A) Q(x) > 0,  x  (2, 7) (p)
(B) Q(x) > 0,  x  (– , 1) (q)
(C) Q(x) < 0,  x  (1, 6) (r)
(D) Q(x) < 0,  x  (– , – 1) (s)
(t)
Ans. (A) q, s, t (B) p, t (C) r (D) q, s.
ADVQE- 14
Quadratic Equation

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1. Let a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0. Then both the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
(A) are real & negative (B*) have negative real parts
(C) are rational numbers (D) have positive real parts
;fn a > 0, b > 0 ,oa c > 0 gks] rks lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds &
(A) nksuks ewy okLrfod ,oa _.kkRed gSA (B) nksuksa ewyksa ds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkRed gSA
(C) nksuks ewy ifjes; la[;k,¡ gSA (D) nksuksa ewyksa ds okLrfod Hkkx /kukRed gSA
2. If the roots of the equation x 2 + 2ax + b = 0 are real and distinct and they differ by atmost 2m, then b
lies in the interval
(A) (a2 – m2, a2) (B*) [a2 – m2, a2)(C) (a2, a2 + m2) (D) none of these
;fn lehdj.k x2 + 2ax + b = 0 ds ewy okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu gks rFkk mudk vUrj vf/kdre 2m gks] rks b fuEu
vUrjky esa fLFkr gS&
(A) (a2 – m2, a2) (B) [a2 – m2, a2) (C) (a2, a2 + m2) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
3. The set of possible values of  for which x2 – (2 – 5 + 5)x + (22 – 3 – 4) = 0 has roots, whose sum
and product are both less than 1, is
lehdj.k x2 – (2 – 5 + 5)x + (22 – 3 – 4) = 0 ds ewyksa dk ;ksx ,oa xq.kuQy nksuksa 1 ls NksVs gksus ds fy, ''
ds laHko ekuksa dk leqPp; gS &
 5  5  5
(A)  1 , (B) (1, 4) (C) 1 ,  (D*)  1 ,
 2   2  2 
4. If p, q, r, s  R, then equaton (x2 + px + 3q) (–x2 + rx + q) (–x2 + sx – 2q) = 0 has

(A) 6 real roots (B*) atleast two real roots
(C) 2 real and 4 imaginary roots (D) 4 real and 2 imaginary roots
;fn p, q, r, s  R gks] rks lehdj.k (x2 + px + 3q) (–x2 + rx + q) (–x2 + sx – 2q) = 0 ds fy, &
(A) 6 okLrfod ewy gSA (B) de ls de nks okLrfod ewy gSA
(C) 2 okLrfod vkSj 4 dkYifud ewy gSA (D) 4 okLrfod vkSj 2 dkYifud ewy gSA
5. Find the set of all real values of  such that the root of the equation
x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3 (ab + bc + ca) = 0 are always real for any choice of a, b, c (where a, b, c
represents sides of scalene triangle).
ds okLrfod ekuksa dk ,d leqPp; Kkr djs ftlds fy;s lehdj.k x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3 (ab + bc + ca) ds
ewy okLrfod gks] tgk¡ a, b, c fHkUu okLrfod la[;k,as gS (tgk¡ a, b, c ,d fo"keckgq f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dks fu:ifir
djrk gSA)
 4  4  1 5 4 5
(A*)  ,  (B)  ,   (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 3   3  3 3 3 3
6. If coefficients of biquadratic equation are all distinct and belong to the set {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7}, then
equation has
(A*) atleast two real roots
(B) four real roots, two are conjugate surds and other two are also conjugate surds
(C) four imaginary roots
(D) None of these
ADVQE- 15
Quadratic Equation
;fn pkj ?kkr okyh lehdj.k ds xq.kkad] lHkh fHkUu&fHkUu gS rFkk leqPp; {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7} ds vo;o gS] rc
lehdj.k j[krh gS&
(A*) de ls de nks okLrfod ewy
(B) pkj okLrfod ewy] nks la;qXeh dj.kh ewy vkSj vU; nks Hkh la;qXeh dj.kh ewy
(C) pkj dkYifud ewy
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
7. Let p, q, r, s  R, x2 + px + q = 0, x 2 + rx + s = 0 such that 2 (q + s) = pr then

(A*) atleast one of the equation have real roots.
(B) either both equations have imaginary roots or both equations have real roots.
(C) one of equations have real roots and other equation have imaginary roots
(D) atleast one of the equations have imaginary roots.
ekuk p, q, r, s  R, x2 + px + q = 0, x2 + rx + s = 0 bl izdkj gS fd 2 (q + s) = pr rc
(A*) de ls de ,d lehdj.k ds ewy okLrfod gSA
(B) ;k rks nksuksa lehdj.kksa ds dkYifud ewy gS ;k nksuksa lehdj.kksa ds okLrfod ewy gSA
(C) lehdj.kksa eas ls ,d okLrfod ewy j[krh gS vkSj nwljh lehdj.k dkYifud ewy j[krh gSA
(D) de ls de ,d lehdj.k ds dkYifud ewy gSA
8. The equation, x =  2x2 + 6x  9 has:

(A*) no solution (B) one solution (C) two solutions (D) infinite solutions
lehdj.k x =  2x2 + 6x  9 j[krh gS&
(A) dksbZ gy ugha (B) ,d gy (C) nks gy (D) vuUr gy
9. If (2 +  – 2)x2 + ( + 2) x < 1 for all x  R, then  belongs to the interval
 2 2 
(A) (–2, 1) (B*)  2,  (C)  , 1 (D) none of these
 5 5 
;fn (2 +  – 2)x2 + ( + 2) x < 1  x  R gks] rks '' fdl vUrjky esa fLFkr gS&
 2 2 
(A) (–2, 1) (B)  2,  (C)  , 1 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
 5 5 
10. Let conditions C1 and C2 be defined as follows : C1 : b2 – 4ac  0, C2 : a, –b, c are of same sign. The
roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are real and positive, if
(A*) both C1 and C2 are satisfied (B) only C2 is satisfied
(C) only C1 is satisfied (D) none of these
;fn izfrcU/k C1 ,oa C2 bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd C1 : b2 – 4ac  0 ,oa C2 : a, –b, c leku fpUg ds gks] rks
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewy okLrfod ,oa /kukRed gksaxs ;fn
(A) C1 ,oa C2 nksuksa laUrq"V gksA (B) dsoy C2 laUrq"V gksA
(C) dsoy C1 laUrq"V gksA (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
x2  x  c
11. If 'x' is real, then can take all real values if :
x 2  x  2c
x2  x  c
;fn 'x' okLrfod gks] rks lHkh okLrfod eku xzg.k dj ldrk gS ;fn &
x 2  x  2c
(A) c  [0, 6] (B) c  [ 6, 0] (C) c  (  6)  (0, ) (D*) c  ( 6, 0)
12. If both roots of the quadratic equation (2  x) (x + 1) = p are distinct & positive, then p must lie in the
interval:
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k (2  x) (x + 1) = p ds nksuksa ewy fHkUu&fHkUu ,oa /kukRed gks] rks 'p' fuEu vUrjky esa fLFkr gksuk
pkfg,&
(A) (2, ) (B*) (2, 9/4) (C) (– , – 2) (D) (– , )
ADVQE- 16
Quadratic Equation
13. If two roots of the equation (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 – (a + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = 0 are real and distinct, then 'a'
lies in the interval
(A) (–2, 2) (B*) (– , –2)  (2, ) (C) (2, ) (D) (––2)
;fn lehdj.k (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 – (a + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy okLrfod rFkk fHkUu&fHkUu gks] rks
'a' fdl vUrjky esa fLFkr gS&
(A) (–2, 2) esa (B) (– , –2)  (2, ) esa (C) (2, ) esa (D) (––2)
14. The equations x3 + 5x2 + px + q = 0 and x 3 + 7x2 + px + r = 0 have two roots in common. If the third root
of each equation is represented by x1 and x2 respectively, then the ordered pair (x 1, x2) is:
lehdj.kksa x3 + 5x2 + px + q = 0 ,oa x3 + 7x2 + px + r = 0 ds nks ewy mHk;fu"B gSA ;fn izR;sd lehdj.k dk
rhljk ewy Øe'k% x1 ,oa x2 ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gks] rks Øfer ;qXe (x1, x2) gS&
(A*) ( 5,  7) (B) (1,  1) (C) ( 1, 1) (D) (5, 7)
15. If a, b, c are real and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca lies in the interval:

;fn a, b, c okLrfod gS rFkk a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 gS rc ab + bc + ca vUrjky eas fLFkr gS&
1   1   1
(A)  , 2 (B) [0, 2] (C*)   , 1 (D)  1, 
2   2   2
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
1. Find number of integer roots of equation x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) = 120.
lehdj.k x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) = 120 ds iw.kkZad ewyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
2
3 2
3
2. Find product of all real values of x satisfying (5  2 6)x  (5  2 6)x = 10
x2 3 2
3
x ds lHkh okLrfod ekuksa dk xq.kuQy Kkr dhft, tks (5  2 6)  (5  2 6)x = 10 lUrq"V djrh gSA
Ans. 8
3. If a, b are the roots of x 2 + px + 1 = 0 and c, d are the roots of x 2 + qx + 1 = 0. Then find the value of
(a  c) (b  c) (a + d) (b + d)/(q2  p2).
;fn a, b lehdj.k x2 + px + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS rFkk c, d lehdj.k x2 + qx + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS rc
(a  c) (b  c) (a + d) (b + d)/(q2  p2) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1
4. ,  are roots of the equation  (x2 – x) + x + 5 = 0. If 1 and 2 are the two values of  for which the
 1  2 
     
roots ,  are connected by the relation + = 4, then the value of  2 1 
is
   14 
 
 
lehdj.k  (x2 – x) + x + 5 = 0 ds ewy ,  gSA ;fn  ds nks eku 1 ,oa 2 gSa ftlds fy, ewy ,  lEcU/k
 1  2 
     
+ = 4 }kjk lEcfU/kr gks] rks  2 1 
dk eku gS&
   14 
 
 
Ans. 73
ADVQE- 17
Quadratic Equation
5. Let one root of equation ( – m) x2 + x + 1 = 0 be double of the other. If  be real and 8m  k then find
the least value of k.
Ans. 9
ekuk lehdj.k ( – m) x2 + x + 1 = 0 dk ,d ewy nwljs ewy dk nqxquk gksA ;fn  okLrfod gks vkSj 8m  k rks k
dk U;wure eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 9
6. Let  be the roots of the equation x 2 + ax + b = 0 and  be the roots of x2 – ax + b – 2 = 0. If  =
1 1 1 1 5
24 and     , then find the value of a.
    6
ekuk  lehdj.k x2 + ax + b = 0 ds ewy gS rFkk  lehdj.k x2 – ax + b – 2 = 0 ds ewy gSA ;fn  = 24
1 1 1 1 5
rFkk     , rks a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
    6
Ans. 10
7. If a > b > 0 and a3 + b3 + 27ab = 729 then the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx – 9 = 0 has roots 
,  ( < ). Find the value of 4 – a.
;fn a > b > 0 vkSj a3 + b3 + 27ab = 729 gks rFkk f}?kkr lehdj.k ax2 + bx – 9 = 0 ds ewy 
,  ( < ) gS rc 4 – a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 13
8. Let  and  be roots of x2 – 6(t2 – 2t + 2)x – 2 = 0 with  > . If an = n – n for n  1, then find the
a  2a98
minimum value of 100 (where t  R)
a99
ekuk  o lehdj.k x2 – 6(t2 – 2t + 2)x – 2 = 0 ds ewy gS rFkk  > gSA ;fn an = n – n , n  1 ds fy, gks rc
a100  2a98
dk U;wure eku Kkr dhft,A (tgk¡ t  R)
a99
Ans. 6
9. If , , ,  are the roots of the equation x 4  Kx3 + Kx2 + Lx + M = 0, where K, L & M are real numbers,
then the minimum value of 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 is – n. Find the value of n.
;fn , , ,  lehdj.k x4  Kx3 + Kx2 + Lx + M = 0 ds ewy gS tgk¡ K, L vkSj M okLrfod la[;k,sa gS rc
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 dk U;wure eku – n gS rc n dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1
2x
10. Consider y = , where x is real , then the range of expression y2 + y  2 is [a, b]. Find the value of
1  x2
(b – 4a).
2x
ekuk fd y = , tgk¡ x okLrfod gS rc O;atd y2 + y  2 dk ifjlj [a, b] gS rc (b – 4a) dk eku Kkr
1  x2
dhft,A
Ans. 9
11. If the roots of the equation x 3 + Px2 + Qx  19 = 0 are each one more than the roots of the equaton
x3  Ax2 + Bx  C = 0, where A, B, C, P & Q are constants, then the value of A + B + C is equal to :
;fn lehdj.k x3 + Px2 + Qx  19 = 0 ds ewy lehdj.k x3  Ax2 + Bx  C = 0 ds izR;sd ewy ls ,d vf/kd gks]
tgk¡ A, B, C, P ,oa Q vpj gSa] rks A + B + C dk eku gS&
Ans. 18
ADVQE- 18
Quadratic Equation
12. If one root of the equation t2 – (12x)t – (f(x) + 64x) = 0 is twice of other, then find the maximum value of
the function f(x), where x  R.
;fn lehdj.k t2 – (12x)t – (f(x) + 64x) = 0 dk ,d ewy] nwljs ewy dk nksxquk gS rks f(x) dk vf/kdre eku Kkr
dhft,] tcfd x  R.
Ans. 32
13. The values of k, for which the equation x2 + 2 (k  1) x + k + 5 = 0 possess atleast one positive root, are
(– , – b]. Find value of b.
lehdj.k x2 + 2 (k  1) x + k + 5 = 0 dk de ls de ,d ewy /kukRed gksus ds fy, 'k' ds ekuksa dk leqPp;
(– , – b] gS rc b dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1
14. Find the least value of 7a for which atleast one of the roots of the equation x 2 – (a – 3) x + a = 0 is
greater than 2.
7a dk U;wure eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, lehdj.k x2 – (a – 3) x + a = 0 ds ewyksa esa ls de ls de ,d 2 ls
vf/kd gSA
Ans. 63
15. If the quadratic equations 3x2 + ax + 1 = 0 & 2x2 + bx + 1 = 0 have a common root, then the value of the
expression 5ab  2a2  3b2 is
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.kksa 3x2 + ax + 1 = 0 vkSj 2x2 + bx + 1 = 0 dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks] rks O;atd
5ab  2a2  3b2 dk eku gS
Ans. 1
16. The equations x2  ax + b = 0, x3  px2 + qx = 0, where a, b, p, q  R – {0} have one common root & the
ap
second equation has two equal roots. Find value of .
qb
lehdj.ksa x2  ax + b = 0, x3  px2 + qx = 0, tgk¡ a, b, p, q  R – {0} dk ,d mHk;fu"B ewy gS rFkk nwljh
ap
lehdj.k ds nks ewy cjkcj gS rc dk eku Kkr dhft,A
qb
Ans. 2
16
17. If x – y and y – 2x are two factors of the expression x3 – 3x2y + xy2 + y3, then  4 is
11
16
;fn x – y rFkk y – 2x O;atd x3 – 3x2y + xy2 + y3 ds nks xq.ku[k.M gS rc  4 dk eku gS&
11
Ans. 1
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. Possible values of 'p' for which the equation (p2 – 3p + 2)x2 – (p2 – 5p + 4)x + p – p2 = 0 does not
possess more than two roots is/are
'p' ds laHkkfor eku gksxsa ftlds fy, lehdj.k (p2 – 3p + 2)x2 – (p2 – 5p + 4)x + p – p2 = 0 nks ls vf/kd ewy
ugha j[krh gS
(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D*) 4
ADVQE- 19
Quadratic Equation
2. If a, b are non-zero real numbers and ,  the roots of x2 + ax + b = 0, then

(A) 2, 2 are the roots of x 2 – (2b – a2) x + a2 = 0
1 1
(B*) , are the roots of bx 2 + ax + 1 = 0
 
 
(C*) , are the roots of bx 2 + (2b – a2) x + b = 0
 
(D*) ( – 1), ( – 1) are the roots of the equation x 2 + x (a + 2) + 1 + a + b = 0
;fn 'a' ,oa 'b' v'kwU; okLrfod la[;k,¡ gks ,oa x2 + ax + b = 0 ds ewy ,  gks] rks &
(A) x2 – (2b – a2) x + a2 = 0 ds ewy 2, 2 gksaxsA
1 1
(B) bx2 + ax + 1 = 0 ds ewy , gksaxsA
 
 
(C) bx2 + (2b – a2) x + b = 0 ds ewy , gksaxsA
 
(D) lehdj.k x2 + x (a + 2) + 1 + a + b = 0 ds ewy ( – 1), ( – 1) gksaxsA
3. If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a  0) and  + ,  +  are the roots of,

Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 (A  0) for some constant , then
1 B b 1 b B 
(A)  =    (B*)  =  
2 A a 2  a A 
b2  4ac B2  4 A C b2  4ac B2  4 A C
(C*) 2
= 2
(D) 2
=
a A a A2
;fn lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a  0) ds ewy ,  gS ,oa lehdj.k Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, (A  0) ds ewy  ds

fdlh vpj eku ds fy,  + ,  +  gS] rks
1 B b 1 b B 
(A)  =  (B*)  = 
2  A a  2  a A 
b2  4ac B2  4 A C b2  4ac B2  4 A C
(C*) = (D) =
a2 A2 a2 A2
4. If one root of the equation 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 is ‘’, then

1  5 1 5
(A*)  can be equal to (B)  can be equal to
4 4
(C*) other root is 4 – 3.
3 3
(D) other root is 4 + 3
 ;fn lehdj.k 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 dk ,d ewy ‘’ gS rc
1  5 1 5
(A*)  dk eku cjkcj gks ldrk gSA (B)  dk eku gks ldrk gSA
4 4
(C*) vU; ewy 43 – 3 gSA (D) vU; ewy 43 + 3gSA
5. If ,  are roots of x2 + 3x + 1 = 0, then

;fn ,  lehdj.k x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS rc
(A) (7 – ) (7 – ) = 0 (B*) (2 – ) (2 – ) = 11
2 2
 2
 2
     
(C*)  =–2 (D*)     = 18
3  1 3  1  1       1
6. If both roots of x 2 – 32x + c = 0 are prime numbers then possible values of c are
;fn lehdj.k x2 – 32x + c = 0 ds nksuksa ewy vHkkT; gS rc c ds laHkkfor eku gS
(A) 60 (B*) 87 (C*) 247 (D) 231
ADVQE- 20
Quadratic Equation
7. Let f(x) = x2 – a(x + 1) – b = 0, a, b  R – {0}, a + b  0. If  and  are roots of equation f(x) = 0, then
1 1 2
the value of 2 + 2 – is equal to
  a   a a  b
ekuk f(x) = x2 – a(x + 1) – b = 0, a, b  R – {0}, a + b  0. ;fn  rFkk  lehdj.k f(x) = 0 ds ewy gS rc
1 1 2
+ 2 – dk eku cjkcj gS
  a   a
2 a b
 a  a2
(A*) 0 (B*) f(a) + a + b (C) f(b) + a + b (D*) f   + +a+b
2 4
8. If f(x) is a polynomial of degree three with leading coefficient 1 such that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9, then
3
6 6
(A*) f(4) = 22 (B*) f   =  
5 5
3
(C*) f(x) = x holds for exactly two values of x. (D*) f(x) = 0 has a root in interval (0, 1).
;fn f(x), vxzx xq.kkad 1 ds lkFk rhu ?kkr dk cgqin bl izdkj gS fd f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9 rc
3
6 6
(A*) f(4) = 22 (B*) f   =  
5 5
(C*) f(x) = x3, x ds Bhd nks eku lUrq"V gksrs gSA (D*) f(x) = 0, vUrjky (0, 1) esa ,d ewy j[krk gSA
9. Let P(x) = x32 – x25 + x18 – x11 + x4 – x3 + 1. Which of the following are CORRECT ?
(A*) Number of real roots of P(x) = 0 are zero.
(B*) Number of imaginary roots of P(x) = 0 are 32.
(C*) Number of negative roots of P(x) = 0 are zero.
(D*) Number of imaginary roots of P(x) + P(–x) = 0 are 32.
ekuk P(x) = x32 – x25 + x18 – x11 + x4 – x3 + 1 fuEu esa ls dkSulsa lgh gS?
(A*) P(x) ds okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k 0 gSA
(B*) P(x) = 0 ds dkYifud ewyksa dh la[;k 32 gSA
(C*) P(x) = 0 ds _.kkRed ewyksa dh la[;k 'kwU; gSA
(D*) P(x) + P(–x) = 0 ds dkYifud ewyksa dh la[;k 32 gSA
10. If ,  are the real and distinct roots of x2 + px + q = 0 and 4, 4 are the roots of x2 – rx + s = 0, then the
equation x2 – 4qx + 2q2 – r = 0 has always (given   –)
(A*) two real roots (B) two negative roots
(C) two positive roots (D*) one positive root and one negative root
;fn lehdj.k x2 + px + q = 0 ds ewy ,  okLrfod ,oa vleku gks vkSj lehdj.k x2 – rx + s = 0 ds ewy 4, 4
gks] rks lehdj.k x2 – 4qx + 2q2 – r = 0 lnSo j[krh gS& ¼fn;k x;k gS (  –)
(A) nks okLrfod ewy (B) nks _.kkRed ewy
(C) nks /kukRed ewy (D) ,d /kukRed ewy vkSj ,d _.kkRed ewy
11. x2 + x + 1 is a factor of a x3 + b x2 + c x + d = 0, then the real root of above equation is

(a, b, c, d  R)
;fn a x3 + b x2 + c x + d = 0 tgk¡ a, b, c, d  R, dk ,d xq.ku[k.M x2 + x + 1 gks] rks nh xbZ lehdj.k dk
okLrfod ewy gS&
(A*)  d/a (B) d/a (C) (b – a)/a (D*) (a – b)/a
12. If – 5 + i, – 5 + i (where 2  2 ; ,  R and i2 = –1) are roots of x3 + 15x2 + cx + 860 = 0, c  R, then
(A*) c = 222
(B) all the three roots are imaginary
(C) two roots are imaginary but not complex conjugate of each other.
(D*) – 5 + 7i 3 , – 5 – 7i 3 are imaginary roots.
ADVQE- 21
Quadratic Equation
;fn – 5 + i, – 5 + i (tgk¡ 2  2 ; ,  R vkSj i2 = –1 gS) lehdj.k x3 + 15x2 + cx + 860 = 0, c  R ds ewy
gS rc
(A*) c = 222
(B) lHkh rhuksa ewy dkYifud gSA
(C) nks ewy dkYifud gS ijUrq ,d nwljs ds lfEeJ la;qXeh ugha gSA
(D*) – 5 + 7i 3 , – 5 – 7i 3 dkYifud ewy gSA
13. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c > 0,  x  R or f(x) < 0,  x  R. Which of the following is/are CORRECT ?
(A*) If a + b + c > 0 then f(x) > 0,  x  R (B*) If a + c < b then f(x) < 0,  x  R
(C) If a + 4c > 2b then f(x) < 0, x  R (D*) ac > 0.
ekuk f(x) = ax2 + bx + c > 0,  x  R ;k f(x) < 0,  x  R fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS?
(A*) ;fn a + b + c > 0 rc f(x) > 0,  x  R (B*) ;fn a + c < b rc f(x) < 0,  x  R
(C) ;fn a + 4c > 2b rc f(x) < 0, x  R (D*) ac > 0.
14. Let x1 <  <  <  < x4, x1 < x2 < x3. If f(x) is a cubic polynomial with real coefficients such that
(f())2 + (f())2 + (f())2 = 0, f(x1) f(x2) < 0, f(x2) f(x3) < 0 and f(x1) f(x3) > 0 then which of the following are
CORRECT ?
ekuk x1 <  <  <  < x4, x1 < x2 < x3. ;fn f(x) okLrfod xq.kkadksa dk ?kuh; cgqin bl izdkj gS fd
(f())2 + (f())2 + (f())2 = 0, f(x1) f(x2) < 0, f(x2) f(x3) < 0 rFkk f(x1) f(x3) > 0 rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS?
(A*)  (x1, x2),  (x2, x3) and rFkk  (x3, x4) (B)  (x1, x3), ,  (x3, x4)
(C) ,  (x1, x2) and rFkk   (x4, ) (D*)  (x1, x3),  (x2, x3) and rFkk  (x2, x4)
15. If f(x) is cubic polynomial with real coefficients,  <  <  and x1 < x2 be such that f() = f() = f() =
f(x1) = f  (x2) = 0 then possible graph of y = f(x) is (assuming y-axis vertical)
;fn okLrfod xq.kkadksa dk ?kuh; cgqin f(x),  <  <  rFkk x1 < x2 bl izdkj gS fd f() = f() = f() = f(x1) =
f(x2) = 0 rc y = f(x) dk laHkkfor vkjs[k gS (ekuk fd y-v{k m/okZ/kj gS)
(A*) (B)
(C*) (D)
3 4 5
16. Let f(x) = + + , then f(x) = 0 has
x2 x3 x4
(A*) exactly one real root in (2, 3) (B*) exactly one real root in (3, 4)
(C) 3 different roots (D) atleast one negative root
3 4 5
ekuk fd f(x) = + + gks] rks f(x) = 0 ds fy, &
x2 x3 x4
(A) Bhd ,d okLrfod ewy (2, 3) esa gSA (B) Bhd ,d okLrfod ewy (3, 4) esa gSA
(C) 3 fHkUu-fHkUu ewy (D) de ls de ,d _.kkRed ewy
17. If the quadratic equations ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c  R, a  0) and x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 have a common root,

then a, b, c must satisfy the relations:
(A) a > b > c (B) a < b < c
(C*) a = k; b = 4k; c = 5k (k  R, k  0) (D*) b2  4ac is negative.
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.kksa ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c  R, a  0) ,oa x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks] rks
a, b, c }kjk lUrq"V gksus okyk izfrcU/k gS &
(A) a > b > c (B) a < b < c
(C) a = k; b = 4k; c = 5k (k  R, k  0) (D) b2  4ac _.kkRed gSA
ADVQE- 22
Quadratic Equation
18. If the quadratic equations x2 + abx + c = 0 and x 2 + acx + b = 0 have a common root, then the equation
containing their other roots is/are :
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.kksa x2 + abx + c = 0 ,oa x2 + acx + b = 0 dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gks] rks buds vU; ewyksa ls cuk
f}?kkr lehdj.k gS&
(A) x2 + a (b + c) x  a2bc = 0 (B*) x2  a (b + c) x + a2bc = 0
(C) a (b + c) x2  (b + c) x + abc = 0 (D*) a (b + c) x2 + (b + c) x  abc = 0
19. Consider the following statements.

S1 : The equation 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has irrational roots.
S2 : If a < b < c < d, then the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – c) + 2 (x – b) (x – d) = 0 are real and
distinct.
S3 : If x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 and ax 2 + bx + c = 0 have a common root and a, b, c  N, then the minimum
value of (a + b + c) is 10.
S4 : The value of the biquadratic expression x4  8 x3 + 18 x2  8 x + 2, when x = 2 + 3 , is 1
Which of the following are CORRECT ?
(A*) S2 and S4 are true. (B*) S1 and S3 are false.
(C) S1 and S2 are true. (D) S3 and S4 are false.
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, :
S1 : lehdj.k 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 ds ewy vifjes; gSA
S2 : ;fn a < b < c < d gks] rks lehdj.k (x – a) (x – c) + 2 (x – b) (x – d) = 0 ds ewy okLrfod ,oa
fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA
S3 : ;fn x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 ,oa ax2 + bx + c = 0 dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B ,oa a, b, c  N gks] rks (a + b + c) dk
U;wure eku 10 gSA
S4 : prqFkZ ?kkr O;atd x4  8 x3 + 18 x2  8 x + 2 dk x = 2 + 3 ij eku 1 gSA
fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS?
(A*) S2 rFkk S4 lR; gSA (B*) S1 rFkk S3 xyr gSA
(C) S1 rFkk S2 lR; gSA (D) S3 rFkk S4 xyr gSA
20. If the equations x2 + a x + 12 = 0, x 2 + b x + 15 = 0 & x 2 + (a + b) x + 36 = 0 have a common positive

root, then which of the following are true ?
(A*) ab = 56 (B*) common positive root is 3
(C*) sum of uncommon roots is 21. (D) a + b = 15.
;fn lehdj.kksa x2 + a x + 12 = 0, x2 + b x + 15 = 0 ,oa x2 + (a + b) x + 36 = 0 esa ,d /kukRed ewy mHk;fu"B
gks fuEu esa ls dkSuls lgh gS&
(A*) ab = 56
(B*) mHk;fu"V /kukRed ewy 3 gS
(C*) tks ewy mHk;fu"V ugha gS mudk ;ksxQy 21 gS
(D) a + b = 15.
21. If x2 + x + 1 = 0,  (–2 , 2) and 4x3 + 3x + 2c = 0 have common root then c +  can be
1 1 3
(A*) (B*) – (C) 0 (D)
2 2 2
;fn x2 + x + 1 = 0,  (–2 , 2) rFkk 4x3 + 3x + 2c = 0 dk mHk;fu"B ewy gS] rks c +  gks ldrk gS
1 1 3
(A*) (B*) – (C) 0 (D)
2 2 2
ADVQE- 23
Quadratic Equation
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 & 2)

If x, y  R then some problems can be solved by direct observing extreme cases
e.g. (i) (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 0 is possible only for x = 3 and y = 2
(ii) if x  3, y  2 and xy  6 then x = 3 & y = 2
vuqPNsn # 1 (iz'u la[;k 1 o 2)
;fn x, y  R gks rks fdlh iz'u dks lh/ks gh pje ekuksa dks j[kdj gy fd;k tk ldrk gS
e.g. (i) (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 0 laHko gksxk dsoy x = 3 vkSj y = 2 ds fy,
(ii) ;fn x  3, y  2 vkSj xy  6 rc x = 3 rFkk y = 2
1. The least value of expression x 2 + 2 xy + 2 y2 + 4 y + 7 is :

O;atd x2 + 2 xy + 2 y2 + 4 y + 7 dk U;wure eku gS&
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4
2. Let P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 and Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25. If x, y satisfy equation P(x).Q(y) = 28, then the value
of 11y – 26x is -
(A) 6 (B*) 36 (C) 8 (D) 42
ekuk P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 vkSj Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25 gS ;fn x, y lehdj.k P(x).Q(y) = 28 ds lUrq"V djrk gS
rc
11y – 26x dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A) 6 (B*) 36 (C) 8 (D) 42
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 3 & 4)

In the given figure OBC is an isosceles right triangle in which AC is a median, then answer the
following questions :
Y
y = x2 + bx + c
C
O A B X
3. Roots of y = 0 are
(A*) {2, 1} (B) {4, 2} (C) {1, 1/2} (D) {8, 4}
4. The equation whose roots are ( + ) & ( – ), where , ( > ) are roots obtained in previous
question, is
(A*) x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 (B) x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 (C) 4x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 (D) x2 – 16x + 48 = 0
vuqPNsn # 2
fp=kkuqlkj OBC lef}ckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt gS tcfd AC ekf/;dk gS] rks fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
Y
y = x2 + bx + c
C
O A B X
ADVQE- 24
Quadratic Equation
3. y = 0 ds ewy gS &
(A*) {2, 1} (B) {4, 2} (C) {1, 1/2} (D) {8, 4}
4. og lehdj.k ftlds ewy ( + ) ,oa ( – ) gks] tgk¡ , ( > ) fiNys iz'u ls izkIr ewy gS] gksxh&
(A*) x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 (B) x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 (C) 4x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 (D) x2 – 16x + 48 = 0
Comprehension # 3 (Q. No. 5 to 7)

Consider the equation x 4 – x2 + 9 = 0. This can be solved by substituting x 2 = t such equations are
called as pseudo quadratic equations.
5. If the equation has four real and distinct roots, then  lies in the interval
(A) (–, –6)  (6, ) (B) (0, ) (C*) (6, ) (D) (–, –6)
6. If the equation has no real root, then  lies in the interval

(A) (–, 0) (B*) (–, 6) (C) (6, ) (D) (0, )
7. If the equation has only two real roots, then set of values of  is
(A) (–, –6) (B) (–6, 6) (C) {6} (D*) 
vuqPNsn # 3
ekuk x4 – x2 + 9 = 0 ,d nh xbZ lehdj.k gSA bls x2 = t izfrLFkkfir dj gy fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj dh
lehdj.k dks {kn~e f}?kkr lehdj.k (pseudo quadratic equations) dgrs gSA
5. ;fn lehdj.k ds pkj okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu ewy gks] rks '' fuEu vUrjky esa gS &
(A) (–, –6)  (6, ) (B) (0, ) (C*) (6, ) (D) (–, –6)
6. ;fn lehdj.k dk dksbZ okLrfod ewy ugha gks] rks '' fuEu vUrjky esa gS &
(A) (–, 0) (B*) (–, 6) (C) (6, ) (D) (0, )
7. ;fn lehdj.k ds dsoy nks okLrfod ewy gks] rks '' ds ekuksa dk leqPp; gS &
(A) (–, –6) (B) (–6, 6) (C) {6} (D*) 
Comprehension # 4
To solve equation of type,

ax2m + bx2m – 1 + cx2m – 2 + ......... + kx m + ......... + cx 2 + bx + a = 0, (a  0)  ()
divide by xm and rearrange terms to obtain
 1   1   1 
a  xm  m  + b  xm1  m1  + c  xm2  m2  + ......... + k = 0
 x   x   x 
Substitutions like
1 1
t=x+ or t=x– helps transforming equation into a reduced degree equation.
x x
vuqPNsn # 4
lehdj.k ax2m + bx2m – 1 + cx2m – 2 + ......... + kxm + ......... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (a  0)  () ds

izdkj dks gy djus fy,, xm ls foHkkftr djds inksa dks O;ofLFkr djrs gS
 1   1   1 
a  xm  m  + b  xm1  m1  + c  xm2  m2  + ......... + k = 0
 x   x   x 
1 1
t=x+ ;k t=x– :ikUrj.k lehdj.k dh lgk;rk ls lehdj.k dh ?kkr de dh tkrh gSA
x x
8. Roots of equation x4 – 10x3 + 26x2 – 10x + 1 = 0 are

(A) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 (B*) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 2
(C) 3 ± 2,3±2 2 (D) 8 ± 3 , 3 ± 2
ADVQE- 25
Quadratic Equation
lehdj.k x4 – 10x3 + 26x2 – 10x + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS

(A) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 (B*) 2 ± 3,3±2 2
(C) 3 ± 2 , 3 ± 2 2 (D) 8 ± 3 , 3 ± 2
9. Roots of equation x5 – 5x4 + 9x3 – 9x2 + 5x – 1 = 0 are

3  5 1 i 3 5 3 3i
(A*) 1, , (B) 1, ,
2 2 2 2
3 5 3i 5  3 1 i 3
(C) 1, , (D) 1, ,
2 2 2 2
lehdj.k x5 – 5x4 + 9x3 – 9x2 + 5x – 1 = 0 ds ewy gS
3  5 1 i 3 5 3 3i
(A*) 1, , (B) 1, ,
2 2 2 2
3 5 3i 5  3 1 i 3
(C) 1, , (D) 1, ,
2 2 2 2
10. Roots of equation x6 – 4x4 + 4x2 – 1 = 0 are
1 i 5 1  5 1 5 1  i 5
(A) ± 1, , (B) ± 1, ,
2 2 2 2
1  5 1  5 1  5 1  i 5
(C*) ± 1, , (D) ± 1, , .
2 2 2 2
lehdj.k x6 – 4x4 + 4x2 – 1 = 0 ds ewy gS
1 i 5 1  5 1 5 1  i 5
(A) ± 1, , (B) ± 1, ,
2 2 2 2
1  5 1  5 1  5 1  i 5
(C*) ± 1, , (D) ± 1, ,
2 2 2 2

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -
1. The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the equation x 2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0 are real,
distinct and have values atleast 4, is [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 80]
k dk og U;wure eku ftlds fy, lehdj.k x2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy okLrfod ,oa fHkUu gks rFkk
çR;sd dk eku de ls de 4 gksaA
Ans. 2
ADVQE- 26
Quadratic Equation
2. Let p and q be real numbers such that p  0, p3  q and p3  – q. If  and  are nonzero complex
 
numbers satisfying  +  = – p and 3 + 3 = q, then a quadratic equation having and as its roots
 
is
ekuk p rFkk q ,slh okLrfod la[;k,¡ gSa ftuds fy, p  0, p3  q rFkk p3  – q. ;fn  +  = – p rFkk 3 + 3 = q
dks lUrq"V djus okyh lfEeJ la[;k,¡  rFkk  gSa tks 'kwU;srj (non zero) gSa rks ,d f}?kkrh; lehdj.k ftlds ewy
 
rFkk fuEu gS
 
(A) (p3 + q) x2 – (p3 + 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0 (B*) (p3 + q) x2 – (p3 – 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0
(C) (p – q) x – (5p – 2q)x + (p – q) = 0
3 2 3 3
(D) (p3 – q) x2 – (5p3 + 2q)x + (p3 – q) = 0
[IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1)/ 84]
3. Let  and  be the roots of x – 6x – 2 = 0, with  >  . If an = n – n for n  1, then the value of
2
a10  2a8
is
2a9
eku yks lehdj.k x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 ds ewy  rFkk  gS] tgk¡  > gSA ;fn n  1 ds fy;s an = n – n gS] rks
a10  2a8
dk eku gS& [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
2a9
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (C)
4. A value of b for which the equations [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
x2 + bx – 1 = 0
x2 + x + b = 0
have one root in common is
b ds fdl eku ds fy;s lehdj.kksa
x2 + bx – 1 = 0
x2 + x + b = 0
dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B (common) gksxk
(A) – 2 (B*) – i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2
Ans. (B)
5. The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has purely imaginary roots. Then the equation
p(p(x)) = 0 has [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) only purely imaginary roots (B) all real roots
(C) two real and two purely imaginary roots (D) neither real nor purely imaginary roots
okLrfod xq.kkadksa okys f}?kkr lehdj.k (quadratic equation) p(x) = 0 ds ewy iw.kZr;k dkYifud gSA rc lehdj.k
p(p(x)) = 0 ds [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) dsoy iw.kZr;k dkYifud ewy gSaA (B) lHkh ewy okLrfod gSaA
(C) nks okLrfod vkSj nks iw.kZr;k dkYifud ewy gSaA (D*) ewy u rks okLrfod gSa u gh iw.kZr;k dkYifud gSaA
Ans. (D)
6. Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers  such that the quadratic equation x2 – x +  = 0 has two
distinct real roots x 1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 – x2| < 1. Which of the following intervals is(are) a
subset(s) of S ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, –2)/ 80]
ekuk fd S mu lHkh 'kwU;srj (non-zero) okLrfod la[;kvksa  dk leqPPk; (set) gS ftuds fy, f}?kkrh lehdj.k 
x2 – x +  = 0 ds nks fofHkUu okLrfod ewy x1 vkSj x2 vlfedk |x1 – x2| < 1 dks larq"V djrs gSA fuEufyf[kr
varjkyksa esa ls dkSu lk (ls) leqPp; S ds mileqPp; gS (gSa) ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, –2)/ 80]
 1 1   1   1   1 1
(A*)  – , –  (B)  – , 0 (C)  0,  (D*)  , 
 2 5  5   5  5 2
ADVQE- 27
Quadratic Equation
 
7. Let – < <– . Suppose 1 and 1 are the roots of the equation x2 – 2x sec  + 1 = 0 and 2 and 
6 12
are the roots of the equation x2 + 2x tan – 1 = 0. If 1 > 1 and 2 > 2 , then 1 + 2 equals
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]
 
Ekkuk fd – <  < – gSaA eku yhft;s fd 1 vkSj 1 lehdj.k x2 – 2x sec  + 1 = 0 ds ewy (roots) gSa vkSj
6 12
2 vkSj  lehdj.k x2 + 2x tan – 1 = 0. ds ewy gSaA ;fn 1 > 1 vkSj 2 > 2 , gSa] rc 1 + 2 dk eku gS&
(A) 2(sec – tan ) (B) 2sec  (C*) – 2tan  (D) 0

Ans. (C)
Comprehension (Q-8 & 9)

Let p, q be integers and let , be the roots of the equation, x2 – x – 1 = 0 where   . For n = 0,1,2,...., let an
= pn + qn.
FACT : If a and b are rational numbers and a + b 5 = 0, then a = 0 = b.

vuqPNsn % (Q-8 & 9)
ekuk fd p, q iw.kkZad gS ,oe~ , lehdj.kx2 – x – 1 = 0 ds ewy gS] tgka   gSA n = 0,1,2,...., ds fy;s ekuk fd an =
pn + qn gSA
rF; : ;fn a ,oe b ifjes; l¡[;k;sa (rational numbers) gSa ,oe~ a + b 5 = 0 gS] rc a = 0 = b gSA
8. a12 = [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(3, 0)/61]

(A) a11 + 2a10 (B) 2a11 + a10 (C) a11 – a10 (D) a11 + a10
Ans. (D)
9. If a4 = 28, then p + 2q = [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(3, 0)/61]

;fn a4 = 28 gS] rc p + 2q =
(A) 14 (B) 7 (C) 21 (D) 12
Ans. (D)
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
1. Sachin and Rahul attempted to solve a quadratic equaiton. Sachin made a mistake in writing down the
constant term and ended up in roots (4, 3). Rahul made a mistake in writing down coefficient of x to get
roots (3, 2). The correct roots of equation are : [AIEEE- 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
lfpu rFkk jkgqy ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k dks gy djus dk iz;kl djrs gaSA lfpu us vpj in fy[kus esa xyrh dh
rFkk ewy (4, 3) ik,A jkgqy us x dk xq.kkad xyr fy[kk rFkk ewy (3, 2) ik,A lehdj.k ds lgh ewy gS %
(1*) 6, 1 (2) 4, 3 (3) –6 , –1 (4) –4 , –3
2. Let for a  a1  0, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, g(x) = a1x2 + b1x + c1 and p(x) = f(x) – g(x). If p(x) = 0 only for
x = –1 and p(–2) = 2, then the value of p(2) is : [AIEEE- 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
ekuk a  a1  0, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, g(x) = a1x2 + b1x + c1 rFkk p(x) = f(x) – g(x) . ;fn dsoy x = – 1 ds fy,
p(x) = 0 rFkk p(–2) = 2 gS] rks p(2) dk eku gS % [AIEEE- 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 3 (2) 9 (3) 6 (4*) 18
ADVQE- 28
Quadratic Equation
3. The equation esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0 has : [AIEEE- 2012 (4, –1), 120]
(1) infinite number of real roots (2*) no real roots
(3) exactly one real root (4) exactly four real roots
lehdj.k esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0 ds %
(1) vuUr okLrfod ewy gSaA (2*) dksbZ okLrfod ewy ugha gSaA
(3) ek=k ,d okLrfod ewy gSA (4) ek=k pkj okLrfod ewy gSaA
4. If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a,b,c R, have a common root, then a : b : c is

[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1), 120]
;fn lehdj.kksa x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 rFkk ax2 + bx + c = 0, a,b,c R, dk ,d ewy mHk;fu"B gS] rks a : b : c gS&
(1*) 1 : 2 : 3 (2) 3 : 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 3 : 2 (4) 3 : 1 : 2
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]
5. If a  R and the equation – 3(x – [x])2 + 2 (x – [x]) + a2 = 0 (where [x] denotes the greatest integer  x)
has no intgeral solution, then all possible values of a lie in the interval :
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
;fn a  R rFkk lehdj.k –3(x – [x])2 + 2 (x – [x]) + a2 = 0 (tgk¡ [x] ml cM+s ls iw.kkZ±d dks n'kkZrk gS tks  x gS)
dk dksbZ iw.kkZ±dh; gy ugh gS] rks a ds lHkh laHko eku ftl varjky esa fLFkr gSa] og gSµ
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) (–2, –1) (2) (–, –2)  (2, ) (3*) (–1, 0)  (0, 1) (4) (1, 2)
1 1
6. Let  and  be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q ,r are in the A.P. and  = 4, then
 
the value of | – | is : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
1 1
ekuk  rFkk  lehdj.k px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0 ds ewy gSA ;fn p, q ,r lekUrj Js<+h esa gSa rFkk  = 4 gS] rks
 
| – | dk eku gSµ [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
34 2 13 61 2 17
(1) (2) (3) (4)
9 9 9 9
7. Let  and  be the roots of equation x – 6x – 2 = 0. If an =  –  , for n  1, then the value of
2 n n
a10 – 2a8
is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
2a9
(1) 6 (2) – 6 (3) 3 (4) –3
a – 2a8
ekuk  rFkk  f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 ds ewy gSaA ;fn n  1 ds fy, an = n – n gS] rks 10 dk
2a9
eku gS : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 6 (2) – 6 (3) 3 (4) –3
Ans. (3)
8. The number of all possible positive integral values of  for which the roots of the quadratic equation,
6x2 – 11x +  = 0 are rational numbers is :
 ds mu lHkh laHkkfor /ku iw.kk±d ekuksa dh la[;k ftuds fy, f}?kkrh; lehdj.k 6x2 – 11x +  = 0 ds ewy ifjes;
la[;k,¡ gSa] gS& [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 2
Ans. (1)
9. If  be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation in x, 3m 2x2 + m(m – 4)x + 2 = 0, then the least
1
value of m for which  + = 1, is :

;fn x esa f}?kkr lehdj.k 3m2x2 + m(m – 4)x + 2 = 0 ds ewyksa dk vuqikr  gS] rks m dk og U;wure eku ftlds
1
fy,  + = 1 gS] gS& [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) –2 + 2 (2) 4 – 3 2 (3) 2 – 3 (4) 4 – 2 3
Ans. (2)
ADVQE- 29
Quadratic Equation
 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

1. Find the number of values of x satisfying the relation

 n    j1 n    n1 


 (x  i )  n1

  
  i1
(x   
i ) (x  i )    
 3   i1
(x  i ) 
 3
13  in2 +    j1
 
i j1
n


 j  +  n1

 n – x = 0 (where n 5).
3

 
 i 2
(1  i )  j2  

 

 
(  j  i ) ( j  i )   
 

( n  i ) 

  i1 i j1    i1 
 n    j1 n    n1 


 (x  i )  n1  


  i1 
(x  i ) (x  i )    
 3   i1
(x  i ) 
 3
lEcU/k 13  in2 +    j1
 
i j1
n
  j  +  n1
 
 n – x = 0 dks lUrq"V
3


 i 2
(1  i )  j2  

   
(  j  i )
 
( j  i )   

( n  i ) 

  i1 i j1    i1 
djus okys ekuksa dh la[;k gSA (tgk¡ n 5)
.
Ans. Infinite vuUr
2. Prove that roots of a2x2 + (b2 + a2  c2) x + b2 = 0 are not real, if a + b > c and a  b < c.
(where a, b, c are positive real numbers)
;fn a + b > c ,oa a  b < c gks] rks fl) dhft, fd a2x2 + (b2 + a2  c2) x + b2 = 0 ds ewy okLrfod ugha gSA
¼tgk¡ a, b, c /kukRed okLrfod la[;k,a gSa½
1 4 4 1 1
3. Solve the inequality, – + – < .
x  1 x  2 x  3 x  4 30
1 4 4 1 1
vlfedk – + – < dks gy dhft,A
x  1 x  2 x  3 x  4 30
Ans. (– , – 2)  (– 1, 1)  (2, 3)  (4, 6)  (7, )
4. If three real and distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. (i.e., b2 = ac) and a + b + c = x b, then prove that x
<  1 or x > 3.
;fn rhu vleku okLrfod la[;k,¡ a, b, c bl izdkj gS fd ;s ,d xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa gS (vFkkZr~ b2 = ac)] rFkk ;fn a
+ b + c = x b gS] rks fl) dhft, fd x <  1 ;k x > 3.
5. If Vn= n + n, where  are roots of equation x 2 + x – 1 = 0. Then prove that Vn + Vn–3 = 2 Vn–2 and
hence evaluate V7 (n is a whole number)
;fn Vn= n + n, tgk¡  lehdj.k x2 + x – 1 = 0 ds ewy gS rc fl) dhft, Vn + Vn–3 = 2 Vn–2 vr% V7 Kkr
dhft,& (n iw.kZ la[;k gSA)
Ans. –29
6. Find all ‘m’ for which f (x)  x2  (m  3) x + m > 0 for all values of ‘x’ in [1, 2].
vUrjky [1, 2] esa 'x' ds lHkh ekuksa ds fy, f (x)  x2  (m  3) x + m > 0 gksus ds fy, 'm' ds lHkh eku Kkr
dhft,A
ADVQE- 30
Quadratic Equation
Ans. (, 10)
7. Find the values of a, for which the quadratic expression ax2 + (a – 2) x – 2 is negative for exactly two
integral values of x.
'a' ds os eku Kkr dhft;s ftuds fy;s f}?kkr O;atd ax2 + (a – 2) x – 2, 'x' ds Bhd nks iw.kk±d ekuksa ds fy;s
_.kkRed gksA
Ans. [1, 2)
8. (i) Solve for real values of 'x' : 'x' ds okLrfod ekuksa ds fy, gy dhft, &
x2 – 2a |x – a| – 3a2 = 0, a  0
Ans. x = a (1 – 2 ), x = a ( 6 – 1)
3
 1  1
(ii) Find the number of real roots of  x   +  x   = 0
 x  x
3
 1  1
x  x  +  x  x  = 0 ds okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
   
Ans. 0
9. If ,  are roots of the equation x2 – 34x + 1 = 0, evaluate 4  – 4  , where 4 . denotes the principal
value.
;fn lehdj.k x2 – 34x + 1 = 0 ds ewy ,  gks] rks 4  – 4  Kkr dhft,] 4 . tgk¡ eq[; eku dks iznf'kZr
djrk gSA
Ans. : ± 2
10. Find the values of 'a' for which the equation
x      
2 2
2
x2   a  3  x2  x  2 x2  x  1  a  4  x2  x  1  0 has atleast one real root.
'a' ds lHkh ekuksa dks Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, lehdj.k
x      
2 2
2
x2   a  3  x2  x  2 x2  x  1  a  4  x2  x  1 0 dk de ls de ,d okLrfod ewy
fo|eku gksA
19
Ans. 5<a<
3
11. Show that the quadratic equation x2 + 7x – 14(q2 + 1) = 0 where q is an integer, has no integral roots.
n'kkZb;s fd f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 + 7x – 14(q2 + 1) = 0 tgk¡ q ,d iw.kk±d gS] ds iw.kk±d ewy ugha gSA
12. 
Find the integral values of 'a' for which the equation x 4  a2  5a  6 x2  a2  3a  2    = 0 has only
real roots.

'a' ds iw.kk±d ekuksa dks Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, lehdj.k x 4  a2  5a  6 x2  a2  3a  2    = 0 dsoy
okLrfod ewy j[krk gSA
Ans. a  {1, 2}
13. If , ,  and ,  are the roots of ai x2  bi x  ci  0 ; i = 1, 2, 3 then show that

1


3
 ai  bi  ci 

2
               = ±   ai
 1
 i 1 
 

ADVQE- 31
Quadratic Equation
;fn , ,  rFkk ,  lehdj.k ai x2  bi x  ci  0 ; i = 1, 2, 3 ds ewy gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd

1


3
 ai  bi  ci 

2
               = ±   ai
 1
 i 1 
 

14. Suppose that a1 > a2 > a3 > a4 > a5 > a6 and

p = a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6
q = a1a3 + a3a5 + a5a1 + a2a4 + a4a6 + a6a2
r = a1a3a5 + a2a4a6 ,
then show that roots of the equation 2x 3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 are real.
ekuk fd a1 > a2 > a3 > a4 > a5 > a6 vkSj
p = a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6
q = a1a3 + a3a5 + a5a1 + a2a4 + a4a6 + a6a2
r = a1a3a5 + a2a4a6 ,
rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd lehdj.k 2x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 ds ewy okLrfod gSaA

15. If + cos2, + sin2 are the roots of x 2 + 2bx + c = 0 and cos4, sin4 are the roots of
X2 + 2BX + C = 0, then prove that b2 – B2 = c – C.
;fn x2 + 2bx + c = 0 ds ewy + cos2, + sin2 gS] rFkk X2 + 2BX + C = 0 ds ewy cos4, sin4 gS]
rks fl) dhft, fd b2 – B2 = c – C.
16. Find the set of values of 'a' if (x 2 + x)2 + a (x2 + x) + 4 = 0 has

(i) all four real & distinct roots.
(ii) four roots in which only two roots are real and distinct.
(iii) all four imaginary roots.
(iv) four real roots in which only two are equal.
'a' ds ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft, ;fn (x2 + x)2 + a (x2 + x) + 4 = 0 ds
(i) pkjksa ewy okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA
(ii) pkj ewy gksaxs ftuesa ls dsoy nks ewy okLrfod ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA
(iii) lHkh pkjksa ewy dkYifud gaSA
(iv) pkj okLrfod ewy gSa ftuesa ls dsoy nks leku gSA
 65   65 
Ans. (i) a  (– , – 4) (ii) a   ,   (iii) a   4, (iv) a  
 4   4 
17. f(x) = x2 + bx + c , where b,c  R, if f(x) is a factor of both x 4 + 6x2 + 25 and 3x4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5 then find
f(x).
f(x) = x 2 + bx + c , tgk¡ b,c  R, ;fn f(x) nksuksa x4 + 6x2 + 25 vkSj 3x4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5 dk xq.ku[k.M gks] rks
f(x) Kkr dhft,A
Ans. x2 – 2x + 5
18. Let ax4 + bx3 + x2 +(3–a) x + 3 = 0 and x2 + (2–a) x + 3 = 0 have common roots. If a(–1,5) then find
|a+12b|
ekuk ax4 + bx3 + x2 +(3–a) x + 3 = 0 vkSj x2 + (2–a) x + 3 = 0 ds mHk;fu"B ewy gS ;fn a(–1,5) rc
|a+12b| dk eku gSA
Ans. 3
19. How many quadratic equations are there which are unchanged by squaring their roots ?
fdrus f}?kkr lehdj.k blizdkj gS fd muds ewyksa dk oxZ djus ij ifjofrZr ugha gksrh gS&
Ans. 4
ADVQE- 32
Quadratic Equation
20. Let P(x) = x5 + x2 + 1 have zeros 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Q(x) = x2 – 2, then find
ekuk P(x) = x5 + x2 + 1 ds 'kwU; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 gS vkSj Q(x) = x2 – 2, rc Kkr dhft,
5 5 5
(i) 
i 1
Q(i ) (ii) 
i 1
Q(i ) (iii)  
1  i  j 5
Q(i ) Q( j ) (iv)  Q ( )
i 1
2
i
Ans. (i) – 23 (ii) – 10 (iii) 40 (iv) 20
21. If a, b, c are non–zero, unequal rational numbers then prove that the roots of the equation
(abc2)x2 + 3a2 cx + b2 cx – 6a2 – ab + 2b2 = 0 are rational.
;fn a, b, c v'kwU;] vleku ifjes; la[;k,¡ gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k
(abc2)x2 + 3a2 cx + b2 cx – 6a2 – ab + 2b2 = 0 ds ewy ifjes; gSA
22. If a, b, c represents sides of a  then prove that equation x2 – (a2 + b2 + c2)x + a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 = 0 has
imaginary roots.
;fn a, b, c f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,a gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k x2 – (a2 + b2 + c2)x + a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 = 0 ds
dkYifud ewy gSA
23. If x1 is a root of ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x 2 is a root of  ax2 + bx + c = 0 where 0 < x 1 < x2, show that the
equation ax2 + 2 bx + 2c = 0 has a root x 3 satisfying 0 < x1 < x3 < x2.
;fn ax2 + bx + c = 0 dk ,d ewy 'x1' rFkk  ax2 + bx + c = 0 dk ,d ewy 'x2' tgk¡ 0 < x1 < x2 gks] rks iznf'kZr
dhft, fd ax2 + 2 bx + 2c = 0 dk ,d ewy 'x3' bl izdkj gksxk fd 0 < x1 < x3 < x2A
24. Find the number of positive real roots of x4 – 4x – 1 = 0.

lehdj.k x4 – 4x – 1 = 0 ds /kukRed okLrfod ewyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1
25. If (1 + k) tan2x – 4 tan x – 1 + k = 0 has real roots tan x1 and tan x2, where tan x1  tan x2 , then find k.
;fn (1 + k) tan2x – 4 tan x – 1 + k = 0 ds okLrfod ewy tan x1 vkSj tan x2 gS, tgk¡ tan x1  tan x2 , rc k dk
eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans.   
5,  1  1, 5 
26. Let  be the discriminant and ,  be the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0. Then
2
find equation whose roots are 2a +  and 2a  – 

ekuk 2 ,d foospd gS rFkk lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewy , gS rc lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy
2a +  vkSj 2a  – gS&
Ans. x2 + 2b x + b2 = 0 or ;k x2 + 2bx – 3b2 + 16 ac = 0
e e    ee
27. Prove that    0 has one real root in (e, ) and other in (, + e).
xe x xe
e e    ee
fl) dhft, fd    0 dk ,d okLrfod ewy (e, ) esa vkSj vU; (, + e) esa gSA
xe x xe
28. If , 2 are integers, 2 is non-zero multiple of 3 and  + i, – 2 are roots of x 3 + ax2 + bx – 316 = 0,
a, b,   R, then find a, b. Ans. a = 0, b = 63
;fn , 2 iw.kkZad gS, 2, 3 dk v'kwU; xq.kt gS vkSj lehdj.k x3 + ax2 + bx – 316 = 0,
a, b,  R ds ewy  + i, – 2 gS rc a, b Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a = 0, b = 63
29_. Let polynomial f(x) = ax 4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e have integral coefficient (where a > 0) If there exist four
distinct integer 1, 2, 3, 4 ( < 2 < 3 < 4) such that f(1) = f(2) = f(3) = f(4) = 5 and equation
f(x) = 9 has integeral roots then find
ADVQE- 33
Quadratic Equation
    2  3   4      2  3   4 
(i) f 1  (ii) f ' 1 
 4   4 
(iii) Range of f(x) in [2, 3]
(iv) Difference of largest and smallest root of equation f(x) = 9
cgqin f(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e ds xq.kkad iw.kk±d gS (a > 0) ;fn pkj fHkUu&fHkUu iw.kk±d 1, 2, 3, 4 (
< 2 < 3 < 4) bl izdkj gS fd f(1) = f(2) = f(3) = f(4) = 5 vkSj lehdj.k f(x) = 9 ds iw.kk±d ewy gS rc Kkr
dhft,&
    2  3   4      2  3   4 
(i) f 1  (ii) f ' 1 
 4   4 
(iii) [2, 3] es f(x) dk ifjlj (iv) f(x) = 9 ds lcls cMs ewy vkSj lcls NksVs ewy dk vUrj
Ans. (i) 9 (ii) 0 (iii) [5, 9] (iv) 2 5
30. If x and y both are non-negative integral values for which (xy – 7)2 = x2 + y2, then find the sum of all
possible values of x.
;fn x rFkk y nksuksa v_.kkRed iw.kkZad eku gS ftlds fy, (xy – 7)2 = x2 + y2 rc x ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa dk
;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 14
ADVQE- 34

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Quadratic Equation

2. Quadratic polynomial & Quadratic equation :

(ii) If ,  are the roots of quadratic equation,

a, b, c  R & D > 0 a, b, c  R & D < 0

Self practice problems :

7. Graph of Quadratic Expression :

 the graph between x, y is always a parabola.

 the parabola intersect the yaxis at point (0, c).

8. Range of Quadratic Expression f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

9. Sign of Quadratic Expressions :

(ii) (a) a>0

(iii) (a) a>0

(iv) (a) a<0

(v) (a) a<0

(vi) (a) a<0

Example # 11 : Find the range of f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6.

case- : if y  1, then equation (i) is quadratic in x

  2yx2 + (3y – 1)x + 3(3y – 1) = 0   .......(i)

Self practice problems :

10. Location of Roots :

(i) (ii) (iii)

Condition - : D  0   (m – 3)2 – 4m  0  m2 – 10m + 9  0

Condition - : f(2) > 0  4 – (m – 3)2 + m > 0 m < 10 ......(ii)

Condition -  D0  m  (– , 1] [9, )

Condition -  f(0) < 0   m<0 Ans.

Condition -  f(1) < 0  4<0   m 

Condition -  D  0   m  (– , 1]  [9, )

11. Common Roots:

Consider two quadratic equations, a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 = 0 & a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 = 0.

Self practice problems :

show that a1, b1, c1 are in G.P.

12. Graphs of Polynomials

Example # 18 : Draw the graph of y = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1

Solution. y = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 6(x – 3) (x – 2)

Example # 19 : Draw the graph of y = –3x4 + 4x3 + 3,

Solution. y = –12x3 + 12x

(ii) ;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k a x2 + b x + c = 0 .......(i)

5. lehdj.k fl}kUr (Theory of Equations) :

6. ewyksa dh izd`fr (Nature of Roots) :

a, b, c  R, ,oa D > 0 a, b, c  R, ,oa D < 0

 x, y esa vkys[k lnSo ,d ijoy; gSA

 ijoy; yv{k dks fcUnq (0, c) ij izfrPNsn djrk gSA

8. f}?kkr O;atd f(x) = a x2 + b x + c dk ifjlj

izkIr gksrk gSA

(ii) (a) a>0

(iii) (a) a>0

(vi) (a) a<0

mnkgj.k # 11 : f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6 dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A

fLFkfr- : ;fn y  0 gks] rks lehdj.k (i), x esa f}?kkr gSA

10. ewyksa dh fLFkfr (Location of Roots) :

(i) (ii) (iii)

mnkgj.k # 14 : ekuk x2 – (m – 3) x + m = 0 (m  R) ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k gS] rc m ds eku Kkr dhft, tcfd&

izfrcU/k - : D0   (m – 3)2 – 4m  0  m2 – 10m + 9  0

izfrcU/k -  D0  m  (– , 1] [9, )

izfrcU/k -  f(0) < 0   m<0 Ans.

izfrcU/k -  f(1) < 0  4<0   m 

(e) ewyksa dk ;ksx = 0  m=3

izfrcU/k -  D0  m  (– , 1]  [9, )

lEiw.kZ gy a  0,   {2}

11. mHk;fu"B ewy (Common Roots) :