ERIKS Sealing Technology Oil and Gas Applications - Opt

ERIKS Sealing Technology
Engineered Polymer Solutions for Oil & Gas Applications

2 Contents
Oil and Gas applications present the most extreme

conditions in which seals are expected to operate.
Mechanical, thermo-chemical and fluid phase conditions
must be accommodated to maintain the integrity of the
seal in these, often safety critical, uses.
Richard Curtis
Technical Manager
Dynamic Seals
Dynamic seal designs demand the use of
compounds with tailored physical properties able to
withstand the stresses resultant from their operation
3
Contents
Introduction 04
Logistics 05
Technical 06
Test and Validation 06
Pressure Guidelines 07
Groove Design 08
Materials 09
Technology Centre 09
Elastomers 10
Compounds 16
Thermoplastics 18
Chemical Compatibility Chart 20
Explosive Decompression 22
Applications 25
Products 28
O-ring 28
Vulc-O-ring 30
Back-up Rings 31
T-seal 34
S-seal 36
Energised Lip Seals 37
Cap Seals 38
Spring Energised Seal 44
Metal Face Seals 46
Exclusion Devices / Wiper Rings 50
Machined Wear Ring 52
Additional Products
& Services 58
V-packing 58
Lip Seals for Pipeline Closures 58
Moulded Products, Gaskets, Valves 59
All information in this documentation has been compiled
with care to ensure accuracy. Despite this we can bear no
liability for error and/or changes in legislation that may affect
content. Recommendations are intended as guidelines only,
for further information and technical assistance, please
consult your ERIKS representative.
Viton and Kalrez are trademarks of DuPont, Aflas is a

trademark of Asahi Glass, Elgiloy is a trademark of Elgiloy
Ltd, Hastelloy is a trademark of Haynes International Inc.
4 Introduction
Comprehensive Sealing
With locations and dedicated application engineers based
at all of the major global oil and gas industry hubs,
ERIKS Sealing Technology is an ideal partner to service
your sealing requirements.
Boasting cutting edge technology Full traceability of product and

centres in the UK and USA, ERIKS batch data per NORSOK M710
ERIKS’ focus on five
Sealing Technology operates at requirements is available. We
core activities:
the forefront of material science, hold ISO 9001:2008 certification Sealing technology
n
developing new and tightly across both of the UK sealing core Power transmission, including
n
controlled, qualified compounds. competence centres and throughout electromechanical services and
our FPAL accredited distribution condition monitoring
Experienced application engineers draw network, for your peace of mind. Flow technology
n
upon in-depth technical knowledge Industrial plastics
n
to ensure that the optimal seal is We work closely with premium Tools and maintenance products
n
impartially specified for your application; manufacturers to provide market These products are supported by
whether this is a standard product from specific stock profiles and can offer advanced technical and logistics services
our premium manufacturers, or as a logistical solutions including direct that form the link between our know-how
bespoke solution tailored to your needs. supply, managed inventory, or on- and your reliability.
site integrated supply; available via
ERIKS design teams work closely our extensive branch network.
with our material scientists to produce
accurate materials data upon which our O-rings manufactured from our
non-linear finite element analyses are speciality polymers are also available
based, to minimise design iterations in as components in both our Econ®
successfully satisfying your application. and other valves via Econosto.
We use the latest 3D CAD to

capture design intent, which is
verified using our contact and
non-contact CMM equipment.
Logistics 5
Stock Availability Support

As Europe’s largest stockholder of sealing O-rings are available in AS568, Dedicated office based technical
n
and associated products, you are assured BS1806, BS4518 and ISO 3601, sizes support staff and customer service
of the highest levels of availability to keep together with Hydraulic Seals, Back-up
your operation working. Rings, Metal Face Seals, Mechanical Field based Sealing Technology
n
and Rotary Seals. application engineers and specialists
We hold extensive stocks of O-rings in
elastomer compounds suitable for both Customer specific stock holding is our Excellent technical support from
n
general purpose and high pressure speciality. This maintains continuity skilled research and development
operation, that may be despatched of supply, including specific qualified engineers
same-day to meet your requirements. products that we would not otherwise
hold. Our advanced logistics software n 24-hour call out service available
helps us optimise customer specific
stock to maximise availability yet
minimise your capital exposure.
Global Network - Local to you

Our global network of Service Centres includes 70 UK locations
and 25 UK Repair Workshops. This ensures our product and
application know how is readily available, to provide support 24/7.
Our local teams have a direct line to all the technical support you
may need along with visibility of our own stocks and those of our
supply partners.
6 Technical
Test and Validation

In an environment dedicated to innovation being programmed from the original 3D on which to base these analyses. FEA
and free thought, our highly talented CAD model. then allows our engineers to rapidly
design team work with the latest 3D iterate to optimal design solutions,
CAD tools to capture design intent with Finite Element minimising product development time
your teams. This technology proves an Analysis (FEA) and cost, reducing time to market.
invaluable tool in communicating and To improve design integrity and
developing conceptual solutions involving efficiency, we use FEA as a
co-engineering partnerships, as we mathematical technique to predict:
can share 3D data in many standard deflection (strain), stress, reaction force
formats including IGES and STEP. and contact pressure. These are based
Comprehensive change control and on dimensional information, physical
configuration management techniques constraints and material properties.
are used to ensure that the design
intent is fully embodied into the finished Our Materials Technology Centre
product; with our combined visual and can generate temperature specific,
CMM dimensional inspection system validated, hyper-elastic material models,
Testing:
In house application capabilities include: High volume - High pressure gas:
10,000psi gaseous media
Hydro-testing up to pressure class 300
Hydro-testing up to pressure class 2500
Nitrogen Gas (N2) Test media system –
Ambient temperature gas testing up to pressure class 2500
Low volume – high pressure to 25000psi

Low pressure valve seat and seal testing
7
Pressure Guidelines
Sealing of extreme pressure applications typically requires robust high modulus, high hardness materials. On the contrary,
elastomers with a reduced hardness and lower modulus are more compliant and complement lower pressure sealing applications.
It is normal practice to specify elastomers with a high hardness for high pressure applications. With the vast array of elastomeric
compounds and formulations available today, it is possible to utilise materials with a relatively low hardness and relatively high modulus.
Rules to Determine Elastomeric Material 90°
Selection
Extreme
Pressure
Low hardness and low modulus elastomers complement lower 80°
pressure sealing applications. Extreme pressure applications Hardness (IHRD)

require materials that are robust, with high modulus and 70° General
Purpose
high hardness.
60°
Very Low
Pressure
50°
2 7 12 17
Modulus (MPa)
O-ring Pressure Capability O-Ring Pressure Capability

50
Elastomer
Hardness
45
70° IRHD
40 80° IRHD
Differential Pressure (MPa)
90° IRHD
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Radial Extrusion Gap (mm)
Contact ERIKS for assistance in selecting the correct solution for your high pressure application.
At high pressures, above 10MPa, it is typical to use an O-ring in conjunction with either one or two Back-up rings, or to use high
performance seal designs such as T-Seals.
8 Technical
Groove Design
Groove Standards Groove Design Considerations
As experts in seal design we recognise that there are a Compression (Squeeze) – Compression is applied to an
number of international standards used to specify O-Rings O-ring, which creates an initial seal. As differential pressure
into grooves. increases this is transmitted by the visco-elastic material, with
the normal force increasing with pressure, maintaining the
AS5857 and AS4716 detail grooves suitable for use seal. There is no single correct initial percentage compression,
with AS568 O-Rings for static and dynamic applications, as this will vary by application. Typically nominal compression
respectively. All three standards are governed by the US levels are:
Society of Automotive Engineers and are available from www. Face seals - 25%
sae.org. AS4716 supersedes the popular MIL-G-5514 for Static piston / rod seals – 15%
dynamic applications. (Lower at large cross section, higher at small cross section,
governed by installation force)
BS1806 and BS4518 are the British Standards for Imperial Dynamic piston / rod seals – 12%
and Metric sizes respectively. BS1806 has now been
withdrawn and has been replaced by ISO3601, however the Increased squeeze may be used to increase high pressure
recommended groove dimensions differ between the two. performance; standard grooves should be used per the above
except for pressures above 4000psi or where RGD (see
ISO3601 is a comprehensive standard for imperial sizes. below) will be seen. For advice on groove optimisation for
However care should be taken when specifying dynamic such applications please contact our technical department.
locations as use of this standard may result in unnecessary
machining and AS4716 should be considered in its place.
Groove fill (Gland Occupancy) Design for Rapid Gas Decompression

To ensure pressure energisation of the seal for high pressure (Explosive Decompression)
operation the O-ring should not reach 100% gland occupancy. The adverse effects of rapid gas decompression may be
Typical nominal occupancy levels would be 75% and with mitigated through both correct compound selection and
the standards taking account of differential rates of thermal appropriate mechanical design. To allow dissolved gasses
expansion, chemical swell and tolerance stack-up. to rapidly permeate out from the seal, smaller cross section
O-rings should be used. Use of 200 series, 3.53mm cross
Stretch section, O-rings is typical. High groove fill and decreased
O-rings are typically stretched into piston grooves to squeeze may be used to minimise principal stresses generated
overcome tolerance stack-up and ensure correct assembly. during Rapid Gas Decompression (RGD) and hence increase
Rod applications typically interfere on the outside diameter, resistance. For advice on groove optimisation for such
although stretch may be applied this is always in a constrained applications please contact our technical department.
state.
Materials 9
Material Technology Centre

ERIKS Material Technology Centre is Capabilities:
a testimony to our commitment to the
n Hardness (°IRHD/Shore A)
highest level of product quality and
n Compression-set
customer satisfaction possible.
n Mechanical property testing
Situated in Warrington, in the UK, Chemical and heat ageing
n
this facility benefits from continuous n Ozone resistance
investment in technology and people Material composition
n
and is one of the major factors in ERIKS Dimensional measurements
n
Sealing Technology’s success. The n Surface defects
Material Technology Centre’s principal n Material properties at temperatures
activities are to ensure our high quality from –70°C to 300°C
standards are maintained and to develop n Wet bench analysis
new compounds or technical solutions for Extraction testing
n
your applications. n Failure analysis
n Hyper elastic material characterisation
n Immersion testing
Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Molecules have specific frequencies at which they naturally rotate or vibrate.
By exposing a material sample to a spectrum of infra-red frequencies the equipment can identify which
molecules are present by detecting which frequencies are absorbed. This technique is used to identify
the base polymers material type in quality control and to identify thermo-chemical decomposition.
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

TGA is used to identify weight loss of a compound either isothermally over time or over a ramped
temperature range. The relative composition of compounds can be identified, to quantify polymer, organic
and inorganic filler contents and types.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

DSC analysis measures changes in enthalpy (exothermic or endothermic energy changes) over
time, or, with changes in temperature. DSC analysis can be used as a quality tool (residual cure), an
analytical tool (failure analysis), or in development of new materials (glass transition, oxidation etc).
With modulated DSC (MDSC), the samples are subjected to a non-linear heating/cooling regime
(i.e. sinusoidal). This non-linear temperature profile allows the measurement of heat-capacity effects
simultaneously with the kinetic effect, as well as increasing the sensitivity of the system. With the
MDSC, overlapping events can also be separated, i.e. measurement of the Tg and molecular relaxation.
10 Materials
Elastomers
Elastomeric materials are described Cross-link - Polymer chains are
n A typical HNBR 85 Shore A compound
as having non linear, viscoelastic tied together by cross links, short may have 20 ingredients and may contain
behaviour, this means that they exhibit chains of molecules eg sulphur, to only 30% polymer by weight.
elastic recovery, time dependant prevent chain slippage and create
behaviour and the relationship between elastic behaviour. Different cross Therefore it is important not just to
load and deflection is not linear. link systems will fundamentally specify the family of polymer backbone
change thermo-chemical or physical and hardness, but to specify an individual
Elastomers used in sealing are often properties. compound/grade in order to achieve
described as compounds, meaning consistent performance.
that they are a mixture of ingredients Fillers - Organic or inorganic solid
n
manufactured under specific conditions. particles with specific shapes and
A compound typically comprises: chemistries that tailor physical
properties such as tensile strength,
Polymer backbone - A long chain
n hardness, elongation at break,
of molecules made up of one or modulus and compression-set.
more monomeric units, this governs
basic thermal, chemical and physical Other ingredients used to achieve
n
properties of a compound. ISO and specific manufacturing, application or
ASTM classifications define families cost requirements.
of elastomer such as NBR, FKM etc.
11
Nitrile Hydrogenated Nitrile

(NBR) (HNBR)
Nitrile rubber, often referred to as The properties of hydrogenated nitrile

Buna-N or NBR is the most commonly rubber (HNBR) are dependent upon
used elastomer in the sealing industry. the acrylonitrile content and degree
It is a copolymer of two monomers: of hydrogenation of the butadiene
acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene. The copolymer. They have better oil and
properties of this elastomer are ruled by chemical resistance than nitrile rubber,
the ACN content, which is broken down and can withstand higher temperatures.
into three general classifications: HNBR has excellent resistance to hot
water, steam and ozone. Mechanical
High Nitrile: >45% ACN
properties (e.g. tensile and tear strength,
Medium Nitrile: 30 – 45% ACN
elongation, abrasion resistance,
Low Nitrile: <30% ACN
compression set etc.) are also excellent
The higher the ACN content, the
and compounds display strong dynamic
better the resistance to hydrocarbon-
behaviour at elevated temperatures.
based fluids. With lower ACN content,
the material offers better flexibility at HNBR can either be cured with sulphur
low temperatures. Medium nitrile is, or with peroxide, depending on which
therefore, the most widely specified properties are the most important.
due to its good overall balance in most Typical applications include O-rings
applications. Typically, nitrile rubber and dynamic seals, and products
can be compounded to work over a where high tensile strength or abrasion
temperature range of -35°C to 120°C resistance are needed, e.g. mud motors,
and is superior to most other elastomers rotary steerable tools, MWD/LWD
in regard to compression set, tear and etc. Limitations include poor electrical
abrasion resistance. Nitrile rubbers properties, poor flame resistance and
possess excellent resistance to oil-based swelling with aromatic oils.
fluids, greases, water and air.
12 Materials
Fluorocarbon Rubber greases. However FKMs show poor 120°C as unsaturated steam will super-
(FKM, Viton®) resistance to ethers, ketones, esters and heat when pressurised. Terpolymers or
amines. tetrapolymers are most commonly cured
using peroxide based systems, which
FKMs are available as a copolymer (two
offer significant improvements in steam
monomers), terpolymer (three monomers)
and water resistance. Such cure systems
or as a tetrapolymer (four monomers).
can also offer benefits for hydrogen
Each type determines both fluorine
sulfide (H2S) exposure.
content and chemical structure which
FKMs (sometimes known as FPMs in in turn significantly impact the chemical More recent innovations include the
Europe) are frequently used to resist resistance and temperature performance development of FKM materials for use
extreme temperatures and harsh of the polymer. in low temperature applications, where,
chemicals. The strong carbon-fluorine with a glass transition of -40°C, it is
Also related to the chemical resistance of
bonds that make up the polymer structure possible to use FKMs down to -51°C in
the different types of fluoroelastomer is
provide high thermo-chemical resistance, service. ERIKS 514322 brings true low
the cure system utilised. Bisphenol cure
giving excellent ageing characteristics temperature capabilities to chemically
systems are common with the copolymer
shown by low compression set at elevated demanding and high temperature
family; this system is a condensation
temperatures. applications.
reaction, which can be reversed when
FKMs offer excellent resistance to exposed to steam, hot water etc.
mineral oils and greases, aliphatic, Reversion occurs typically above 150°C,
aromatic and some chlorinated however when specifying into application,
hydrocarbons, fuels, silicone oils and terpolymers should be used above
13
Types of Fluorocarbon Rubber
ASTM D1418 Typical Fluorine

Common Name Typical Cure System Description
Designation Content
Type 1 Viton® A Bisphenol or amine 66% General purpose with excellent mechanical properties
Improved fluid and oil/solvent resistance, including

Viton® B, F Bisphenol, amine or
Type 2 66 - 70% improved fuel resistance. Peroxide cured materials
or GF peroxide
offer improvements in coolant and water resistance
Improved low temperature resistance but reduced

Type 3 Viton® GLT Peroxide 64 - 67%
chemical resistance
Excellent resistance to lubricating oils, corrosion

Type 4 Aflas® Peroxide 55%
inhibitors and coolants.
Speciality grade, excellent chemical resistance,

Type 5 Viton® ETP Peroxide 67% including increased resistance to amines and fuel
additives.
Speciality polymers are available that further extend

Ultra-low temp Ultra-low temp Peroxide 66%
the low temperature performance of FKMs.
14 Materials
Aflas® Perfluoroelastomers
(FEPM) (FFKM)
The most common forms of Aflas® Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) have a fully Traditionally, FFKM polymers have
(100 or 150 series) are categorized fluorinated polymer backbone resulting offered limited resistance to low
within ASTM D 1418-01 as FEPM. in a fluorine content >71%. As the temperatures, however, new polymer
These grades are alternating material is free from carbon-hydrogen chemistry now offers FFKM grades
copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and bonds in the polymer chain, the FFKM capable of sealing at temperatures down
propylene, with a fluorine content of materials offer the ultimate thermo- to -40°C.
~54%. Such chemical structures offer chemical resistance.
Although all FFKM polymer backbones
excellent heat resistance, exceptional This is demonstrated by the good long- are fully fluorinated, the cross-linking
chemical resistance (significantly to term, high-temperature, compression- systems used to join the polymer
alkalis and amines), along with high set resistance. Chemical resistance is chains together differ significantly,
electrical resistivity. second to none, with good performance resulting in varied temperature and
Aflas® compounds are resistant to in a broad variety of harsh environments: chemical resistance.
a wide range of chemicals such as hot amines, steam, solvents,
acids, alkalis and steam, offering hydrocarbons etc.
superior resistance to strong bases
in comparison with FKM. A common
Types of perfluoroelastomers
weakness of Aflas® compounds
however is low temperature Common FFKM Types
performance, in aromatic oils and offers

Peroxide 240°C Broad chemical resistance.
only limited resistance to mineral oils.
High temperature, excellent mechanical properties.
Triazinic 327°C
Reduced chemical and steam resistance.
Broad chemical resistance, excellent mechanical

Modified Triazinic 275°C
properties.
High temperature resistance, excellent mechanical

Modified Peroxide 325°C
properties, reduced amine and base resistance.
15
Polychloroprene Ethylenepropylene Rubbers Polyurethane Rubber

(CR, Neoprene®) (EPM, EPDM) (AU, EU, PU)
Neoprene (CR) rubbers are Polyurethane rubber is a polymer

homopolymers of chloroprene formed from a chain of organic units
(chlorobutadiene), and were among joined by urethane links. Polyurethanes
the earliest synthetic rubbers used to are produced by the addition reaction
produce seals. CR has good ageing Ethylenepropylene based rubbers of a polyisocyanate with a polyalcohol
characteristics in ozone and weather are forms of non-polar synthetic (polyol) in the presence of a catalyst and
environments, along with abrasion and rubbers. EPM (sometimes also known other additives.
flex-cracking resistance. as EP) rubber is based on ethylene Polyurethane demonstrates excellent
Most elastomers are either resistant and propylene monomers, with no resistance to weathering and oxidation.
to deterioration from exposure to unsaturation (carbon-carbon double They resist hydrocarbon fuels, hydrogen
petroleum based lubricants, or, to bonds) present. EPDM is also based sulfide (H2S) and mineral oils, however
oxygen; Neoprene is unusual, in offering on the same constituent monomers, some grades degrade (hydrolyse) in hot
a degree of resistance to both. CR also however as no unsaturation is present water. Polyurethane rubbers also offer
offers resistance to ammonia, silicone in the backbone, it is added as a third some of the best resistance to abrasion,
oils, water, ozone, alcohols and low- monomer, pendent to the main chain. and are therefore often specified
pressure oxygen. This, combined with a EPDM materials can be cured with for use in hydraulic, reciprocating or
broad temperature range and moderate either sulfur or peroxide; sulfur offers dynamic seals.
cost, accounts for its desirability in many improved mechanical properties and
seal applications. CR is not effective peroxide enhanced heat stability. EPM
in aromatic and oxygenated solvent rubber can only be cured using free-
environments, and offers only limited radicals (peroxide or radiation curing).
resistance to mineral oils. As the polymer chains of both EPM
and EPDM have completely saturated
As CR has a halogen incorporated in
hydrocarbon backbones, excellent ozone
its backbone, such grades can offer a
resistance and very good resistance to
degree of inherent flame retardancy.
heat and oxidation are achieved.
Being non-polar elastomers, EPM

and EPDM offer good performance in
polar fluids such as alcohols, hydrogen
sulfide (H2S), super-critical carbon-
dioxide, water, steam, ketones etc., but
perform badly in non-polar fluids such as
hydrocarbon oils, lubricants and greases.
16 Materials
Selection of Standard ERIKS Compounds

A range of different ERIKS compounds developed for specific applications
Compound
Elastomer Colour Hardness Temperature Application
Reference
Standard compound with good compression-set values

–35 to +110°C and medium acrylonitrile content for use with hydraulic oils,
36624 Black 70
–31 to +230°F vegetable oils, animal fats, acetylene, alcohols, water, air,
Nitrile, NBR, fuels and many other fluids.
Buna N
–25 to +110°C Similar to 36624 with higher hardness for higher

47702 Black 90
–13 to +230°F pressure applications.
Standard, sulphur cured EPDM compound with very good

compression-set for use with solvents, alcohols, ketones,
–55 to +130°C
55914 Black 70 esters, organic and inorganic acids. Not recommended for
–67 to +266°F
animal fats, vegetable or mineral oils.
Ethylene Propylene,
EPDM, EPM
High performance peroxide cured EPDM compound
–50 to +150°C
55914PC Black 70 with very good compression-set, steam, ozone and
–58 to +302°F
weathering resistance.
Low temperature HNBR, offering good hydrocarbon

Hydrogenated
886510 Black 70 -40 to +1502°C resistance and high temperature performance.
Nitrile, HNBR
Good abrasion resistance.
General purpose compound with very low compression-

–20 to +200°C set characteristics at high temperatures and chemical
51414 Black 75
–4 to +392°F resistance to oils, fats, fuels. Suitable for
vacuum applications.
Fluorocarbon General purpose compound with very low compression-set

–20 to +200°C
FKM, Viton® A 51414G Green 75 characteristics at high temperatures and chemical resistance
–4 to +392°F
to oils, fats, fuels. Suitable for vacuum applications.
–20 to +200°C Similar to 51414 with higher hardness for higher

514320 Black 90
–4 to +392°F pressure applications.
–10° to +200°C Original Viton® GF-Terpolymer with improved steam

Viton® GF 514141 Black 75
+14°F +392°F and temperature resistance.
Broadest range of chemical and temperature resistance

+275°C for chemical processing industry. Suitable for acids,
FFKM-75-162 Black 75
+527°F basics, amines, steam, ethylene oxide and many
Perfluoroelastomer, other aggressive chemicals.
FFKM
High temperature compound with superb compression-set
+310°C
FFKM-75-164 Black 75 characteristics and improved resistance against steam and
+590°F
amines. Very suitable for temperature cycle applications.
Dupont Kalrez® is also available through ERIKS, subject to regional availability.

17
Physical Properties of ERIKS Compounds

FFKM- FFKM-
Technical Data 36624 47702 55914 55914PC 886510 51414 51414G 514320 514141
75-162 75-164
Green
Colour Black Black Black Black Black Black (RAL Black Black Black Black
6011)
Hardness (ISO 48 75 75
70 90 70 70 70 75 75 90 75
Method M) ±5 °IRHD (Shore A) (Shore A)
Specific Gravity 1.25 1.25 1.13 1.12 1.24 1.85 2.07 1.87 1.88 – –
Minimum operating
–30 –30 –50 –55 –40 –20 –20 –20 –10 – –
temperature °C
TR-10 °C –22 –22 –40 –45 –33 –16 –16 –16 –16 – –
Maximum operating
120 120 130 150 150 200 200 200 200 275 310
temperature °C
Tensile strength MPa 13 16 10 10 20 13 12 14 19.3 14 13
Elongation % 250 150 250 330 340 170 170 120 328 130 137
Compression-set (ISO 815 method A)
Test time (hours) 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 22 70 70
Test temperature °C 100 100 100 150 150 200 200 200 175 200 200
Result – Slab % 12 13 16 15 12 12 14 14 14 – –
Result – O-ring
20 25 26 25 16 18 19 18 – 14.2 22.9
3.53 mm %
Heat Ageing (ISO

188)
Test time (hours) 70 70 70 70 20 70 70 70 70 – –
Test temperature °C 100 100 100 100 150 200 200 200 250 – –
Hardness change °IRHD 6 4 14 12 -2 4 5 5 4 – –

18 Materials
Thermoplastics
Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)
PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is a Typical fillers include: Polyester filled for improved high
n
synthetic, thermoplastic polymer and temperature and wear resistance, for
offers exceptional chemical resistance Glass fillers for improved
n applications where running surfaces
over a wide range of temperatures, as deformation and wear
are non-hardened
well as extremely low levels of friction. n Inorganic fillers (e.g. calcium n Polyphenylenesulphide (PPS)
silicate, wollastonite) are used in a
PTFE lacks elasticity which prevents filled for improved extrusion and
similar manner to glass fillers, with
its use as an elastomeric-type sealing deformation resistance
reduced abrasiveness
ring, however, it is commonly used for
anti-extrusion as a back-up ring, and for Carbon-filled for considerable wear
n
and deformation improvement, and Combinations of some of the above
non-stick requirements. Owing to its low
increased thermal conductivity are also often used to offer optimal
friction and excellent chemical resistance,
performance in service.
it is also commonly used for applications Graphite or molybdenum
n
such as bearings, rotary seals etc. disulphide (MoS2) filled to lower
the coefficient of friction
Non-filled (‘virgin’) grades are stable
up to +260°C and quite flexible and
resistant to breaking under tensile and
compressive stresses. PTFE is also
available with fillers added, to enhance its
physical characteristics.
19
Polyether ether ketone Polyphenylenesulfide

(PEEK) (PPS)
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is an organic, semicrystalline, Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) is a high-temperature, semi-
thermoplastic polymer used in demanding engineering crystalline thermoplastic material that offers an excellent
applications. PEEK offers excellent mechanical properties, combination of thermal, mechanical and chemical resistance.
which are maintained at high temperatures. Its resistance PPS can be moulded, extruded, or machined to precise
to thermal attack and its dimensional stability at high tolerances and in its pure form is opaque white to light tan in
temperatures, along with broad chemical resistance, allows colour. Maximum service temperature is approx. 220°C, and
PEEK to be used in applications such as bearings, sealing parts can withstand exposure to pressures up to ~70MPa,
back-up rings etc. even at elevated temperatures.
PEEK is available as non-filled (‘virgin’) grades, and as PPS offers good chemical resistance and has been found
various filled grades which modify its physical and mechanical to not dissolve in any solvent at temperatures below 200°C.
characteristics. Based on such broad chemical resistance, PPS is generally
recommended for use in both sweet and sour applications,
n Virgin grades offer high impact resistance as well as a
crude oil, and with amines.
degree of recovery.
In its pure form it is often described as ‘brittle’ and hence
n Glass-filled PEEK grades have increased compressive
can be supplied with various fillers to improve its mechanical
strength and shear strength at elevated temperatures.
properties.
n Carbon-filled grades have enhanced compressive
strength, tensile strength and wear-resistance.
n PTFE-filled PEEK offers a reduced coefficient of friction.
n Graphite-filled PEEK reduces the friction of the

materials, improving the ‘glide’ properties.
Combinations of some of the above are also often used to offer

optimal performance in service.
20 Materials
Phenolic Resins
Phenolic resins, also known as phenol formaldehyde resins Phenolic resins demonstrate high dimensional stability and
(PF), are synthetic thermosetting materials created by the abrasion resistance, and are commonly used in wear-ring
reaction of phenols with formaldehyde. These thermosets applications in sealing, where the resin is reinforced by the
perform well in most engineering applications such as: addition of a matrix to form a composite.
hydraulic fluids, oil, glycols, phosphate esters etc.
Standard ERIKS Thermoplastic Grades
Material Reference Description Application
E400 Virgin Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Static, Low duty cycles
E451U Glass reinforced PTFE Dynamic / static duty, hardened running surfaces
E471 Graphite reinforced PTFE Dynamic, Medium duty cycles
E462 Carbon / Graphite reinforced PTFE Dynamic, Medium duty cycles
Dynamic/static, Medium to high duty cycles,

E491 Polyester reinforced PTFE
minimum 45 HRc runnning surface
Dynamic /static, high duty cycles,

E282Z Carbon / Graphite/ PPS reinforced PTFE
Hardened metal running surfaces
Anti-extrusion rings
Machined wear rings
E210 Virgin Polyphenylene sulphide (PPS)
Structural components
V-rings
PEEK 450
V1 Back-up Rings
Virgin 0
PEEK 450 CA30

V2 Dynamic Anti-extrusion elements / bearings
Carbon filled
PEEK 450 GL30

V3 Bearings
Glass filled
PEEK 450 FC30

V4 Bearings
Lubricated
Material information can also be found on our Chemical Compatibility tool:

http://oring-groove-wizard.eriks.co.uk/chemicalcompatibility.aspx
21
Common Chemical Compatibilities of Materials

COMPATIBILITY
COMPATIBILITY
FKM (low temp)
FKM (low temp)

PU (AU or EU)
PU (AU or EU)
CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL
Polyimide
Polyimide
Phenolics
Phenolics
FKM (GF)
FKM (GF)
FKM (A)
FKM (A)
EPDM
EPDM
HNBR
HNBR
FEPM
FEPM
FFKM
FFKM
PEEK
PEEK
Nylon
Nylon
PTFE
PTFE
NBR
NBR
PPS
PPS
CR
CR
Acetic acid 1 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 Hydraulic fluid - mineral oil 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acetone 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 3 1 Hydraulic fluid - oil/water emulsion (HFB) 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acid - carboxylic; strong 1 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 Hydraulic fluid - phosphate ester 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acid - carboxylic; weak 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 Hydraulic fluid - water free 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acid - mineral; strong 1 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 4 1 3 2 1 3 1 Hydraulic fluid - water/oil emulsion (HFA) 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acid - mineral; weak 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 1 Hydrochloric acid 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 1
Alcohols (not methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 Hydrofluoric acid 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 3 4 2 1 2 1
Aliphatic hydrocarbons 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) - dry 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
Alkalis 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) - wet 2 2 4 4 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
Alkanes 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hydraulic fluid - water/glycol (HFC) 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Amines 1 3 3 2 4 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Aromatic hydrocarbons 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 Lithium complex grease 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Base oil 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Lost circulation treatment fluid 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Biocide - conc. 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 Lubricant - synthetic 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Biocide - dilute 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Mercaptans 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Brine - alkaline - NaOH / KOH 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Methane 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Brine - HD - Na/Ca bromide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Methanol 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Brine - HD - Zn bromide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Methanol with hydrocarbons 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Brine - LD - Ca/Na chloride 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Methanol with water 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Brines 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Methylethylketone (MEK) 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1
Calcium bromide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Mineral oil / lubricants 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Carbon dioxide - supercritical 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mud - oil based 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Carbon dioxide, CO2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mud - synthetic oil based 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cement 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mud - water based 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Corrosion inhibitor - amine 1 3 3 2 4 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 Natural gas 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Corrosion inhibitor - K2CO3 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 Polyalkylene glycol 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Corrosion inhibitors 1 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Poly-a-olefin oil 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Crude oil, sour <2000ppm H2S 4 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Polyethylene glycol 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Crude oil, sour 2000ppm-5% H2S 4 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 Polyol fire resistant ester oil 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Crude oil, sour 5% to 40% H2S 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 Polypropylene glycol 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Crude oil, sweet 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Potassium carbonate 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1
De-emulsifier (mud) 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Salt water 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Defoamers 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Scale inhibitors 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 1
Dielectric fluid 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Sea water 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Slurries 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Dissolvers 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 1 Solvent - aromatic 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Drilling mud 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Solvent - halogenated 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 1
Drilling mud (diesel oil) 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 Steam 100-150ºC 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 1
Drilling mud (ester) 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Steam 150-200ºC 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 1 3 1
Drilling mud (mineral oil) 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Steam >200ºC 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 3 4 3 1 4 1
Drilling mud (silicate) 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Strong acids 1 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 1 1 1
Emulsifiers 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Synthetic biodegradable ester 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Fire fighting media 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Synthetic grease 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Fluorinated grease 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Thinners 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Foaming agents 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Toluene 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Formation water - acid 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Trichloromethane 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 4 2 4 1 1 4 1
Formation water - chloride 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Viscosifiers 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Formic acid 1 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 Water - general 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Glycols 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Water - produced 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Gravel packer fluid (oil based) 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Water - treated 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Gravel packer fluid (water based) 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Wax dissolvers 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Hydraulic fluid - fire resistant 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Weathering / UV 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hydraulic fluid - HFD-R 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Well cleaning fluids 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Hydraulic fluid - HFD-S 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Xylene 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hydraulic fluid - HFD-U 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zinc bromide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
KEY: 1 = Excellent 3 = Poor

2 = Good 4 = Not recommended

22 Materials
Sour and Sweet Gas/Oil

“Sour” gas or oil is an often-used term for hydrocarbons containing hydrogen
sulphide (H2S). Those that do not contain significant amounts of hydrogen sulphide
are called “sweet”. Hydrogen sulphide has a “dipole” which is created from the
bond angle of the hydrogen atoms, and is therefore best described as a “Lewis
Base” (i.e. an electron donor or nucleophile). Therefore, H2S causes problems with
elastomer seals in two different ways: physical swelling of components and chemical
degradation (nucleophilic attack). With regards to explosive decompression, H2S has
little effect other than to weaken some elastomers through chemical degradation,
thus reducing a materials ability to withstand rapid gas decompression.
For such sour environments, the selection of the material is therefore key.
Traditionally, FKMs were thought to offer poor performance in sour environments,
however, more recent studies have brought this into question. Therefore, in terms
of material selection for sour applications, the following can be adopted: FKM
copolymers (<0.2% H2S); FKM terpolymers (up to 64% H2S); Aflas® (up to 30%
H2S); HNBR (up to 5% H2S depending on ACN content of the elastomer); FFKM
(generally resistant). The effects of corrosion inhibitors should also be accounted
for, as it is often the case that where H2S is present, such chemicals are also found.
Corrosion inhibitors can take a number of different forms (e.g. amine, potassium
carbonate based), however not all materials perform well in such conditions (i.e. FKM
grades in amines).
Rapid Gas Decompression / Explosive Decompression

Rapid Gas Decompression (RGD) occurs when elastomers are subject to prolonged
exposure to high pressure gases which are subsequently depressurized. Whilst
exposed, gas permeates and dissolves into the elastomer, once the pressure is
released, the dissolved gas drops out of solution and must escape. If the gas
pressure is reduced quickly, the dissolved gas coalesces to form pockets. This gas
cannot escape fast enough, it increases in volume, and causes the rubber to blister
or rupture.
This effect is compounded by increased temperatures, pressures or decompression

rate. Different gas / elastomer combinations will also have different results, with
some elastomers being more permeable to particular gases. Carbon dioxide can
be particularly difficult, especially in the supercritical phase, as it works as a very
powerful solvent to most elastomers.
Components with small cross-sections are less liable to such damage, as the gas can
escape more efficiently than with larger sections.
*O-ring and hardware dimensional details are available at:

http://oring-groove-wizard.eriks.co.uk/DiameterGrooves.aspx
ED Testing 23
ED Standard Test Conditions
NACE TM 0297-2002 NACE TM0192-2003

Effects of High-Temperature, Evaluating Elastomeric
Shell DODEP
Norsok M710 Annex B High-Pressure Carbon Materials in Carbon TOTAL GS EP PVV 142
02.01B.03.02
Dioxide Decompression in Dioxide Decompression
Elastomeric Materials Environments
General decompression
Exposure of seals to high CO2 Exposure of seals to high CO2 Evaluation ED resistance of Evaluation ED resistance of
Test aim: resistance of elastomer
environments environments seals for use in valves seals for use in valves
materials
113.67mm ID with either

AS-325 O-ring; 37.47 x
Sample size BS-325 O-ring AS-325 O-ring; 37.47 x 5.33mm 5.33mm or 6.99mm cross- BS1806-329
5.33mm
sections
Arrangement Flange / face seal Free or constrained (optional) Free Flange / face seal Flange / face seal
Compression 20% Optional Not applicable 13.5% 14.0%
Groove-fill Mounted between parallel plates Optional Not applicable 73% Open or 83%
5 (3 for ED testing, 1
No. of test
3 minimum 6 3 for mechanical testing, Not specified
samples
1 reference)
3 % CO2, 97 % CH4 or CO2, CH4, North Sea

Gas(es) 10 % CO2, 90 % CH4 or 100% CO2 100% CO2 80/20 CH4/CO2 Hydrocarbon gas.
100 % CO2 (min. 5% CO2)
Room temperature
Temperature 100, 150 or 200ºC 50, 100, 120, 150, 170, 230ºC 75ºC 100ºC
(20-30ºC)
Pressure 15, 20 or 30 MPa 7, 17, 28, 38 MPa 5.2 MPa 19 +/-2 MPa 13.8 MPa minimum
Initial soak time 72 hours 24 hours 24 hours 78 hours 72 hours
Cycle soak times 23 hours Not applicable Not applicable 48 hours 72 hours
Decompression 19 to 0.1 MPa in 90 secs;

2-4 MPa/min 7 MPa/min <1minute Instantaneous
rate linear
Dwell at ambient 1hour None None 1 hour 1 hour
No. of cycles 10 Minimum of 1 1 Initial soak followed by 4 cycles 20
Removed after 24 hours at As soon as possible at ambient As soon as possible at ambient Removed from test vessel
Sample removal Not specified
ambient pressure pressure pressure within 3 hours
Examination Internal and external Internal and external Internal and external External Internal and external
Dimensional checks, weight

Samples removed as soon as Samples removed as soon as change, density, hardness
Dimensions, hardness and
Photographic evidence possible after depressuring. possible after depressuring. and tensile strength before
Other mechanical properties
required at x10 magnification Dimensions and mechanical Dimensions and mechanical and after testing required.
measured
properties are measured. properties are measured. Photographic evidence
required at x10 and x20 mag.
24 ED Testing Continued
Explosive Decompression Test Ratings

NOROSK M710 Rating:
No internal cracks, holes or blisters of

n Less than 6 internal cracks, each
n More than 8 internal cracks or one or
n
any size (0) shorter than 50% of the cross section, more cracks longer than 80 % of the
with a total crack length of less than 2.5 cross section (4)
Less than 4 internal cracks, each
n
times the cross section (2) Crack(s) going through cross section
n
shorter than 50% of cross section
with total crack length less than the Less than 9 internal cracks of which
n or complete separation of the seal into
cross section (1) max. 2 cracks can have a length fragments (5)
between 50% and 80 % of the cross
section (3)
Seals with rating 4 or 5 are not acceptable.
Explosive Decompression Resistant Grades

Select for…
Sour Gas RGD / ED Material
Com- Hard-
Tempera- Designator
TOTAL GS
Polymer Type pound Colour ness
M710 An-
M710 An-
Norsok
Norsok
02.01B.03.02
TM0187
TM0297
EP PVV
DODEP
ture Range
NACE
Shell
NACE
nex A
nex B
Other
reference (IRHD)
-35 to 142
HNBR 866516 Black 90
+160°C 4 4 4 HNBR
-27 to
FKM (B) 514530 Black 90
+230°C 4 4 4 4 FPM
-40 to
FKM (GLT) 514531 Black 90
+220°C 4 4 4 4 FPM
FKM (ultra-low -50 to

temp)
514532 Black 90
+225°C 4 FPM
-20 to
FEPM (Aflas®) 223504 Black 90
+200°C 4 FEPM
FFKM-90- -40 to
FFKM
248
Black 90
+270°C 4 FFKM
Materials For TOTAL GS EP PVV 142

Hardness
Polymer Type Compound reference Colour Temperature Range Material Designator
(IRHD)
HNBR (med) 866523 Black 90 -25 to +180ºC HNBR
FKM (B) 514533 Black 90 -27 to +230ºC FPM
FKM (GF) 514534 Black 91 -10 to +200ºC FPM
FKM (GLT) 514535 Black 92 -40 to +220ºC FPM

Applications 25
Drilling – Evaluation
Abrasive drilling muds and mechanically hostile conditions, demand the use of rugged elastomer compounds, specifically
developed to maximise their ability to withstand the conditions seen by the drill string.
Applications Requirements Seal Profiles Sealing Materials
n Rock bit seals n High pressure n O-Rings n N BR
n Fluid sampling n High temperature n T-Seals n H NBR

(sampling cylinders)
n Chemical resistance n Pressure compensated n FKM
n Core analysis tubes
n Low temperature 1
n FKM -F
n Control systems & n Metal face seals
n Rapid gas n FFKM
rotary steerable tools
decompression 1
n Aflas®
n Mud motors
n Abrasion resistance
n Drilling fluid resistance

1
= Sampling cylinders only
Down-hole Completion and Production

The varied applications seen down-hole require a plethora of tailored sealing solutions, each requiring in-depth understanding of
the application details to ensure reliable operation.
Thermal expansions and hardware deflection must be accounted for when designing down-hole seals.
n Safetly valves n High pressure n O-Rings n N BR
n Blow out preventors (BOP) n High temperature n T-Seals n H NBR
n Flow divertors n Chemical resistance n Hydraulic seals n FKM
n Perforation guns n Rapid gas decompression n V-Packings n FKM -F
n Enchanced oil recovery n S-Seals n FFKM

- Excitation
n SE-Seals n Aflas®
- Fracking
- Electrical Submersible n BOP rubber metal
n Artificial Lift bonded blocks
26 Applications
Wireline and Fishing Services

Intervention techniques may be necessary in diverse conditions to meet the needs of the specific wells or tasks. Tailored sealing
solutions are often required to optimise tool performance to a specific role.
n Wireline n High pressure n O-Rings n N BR
n Fishing tools n High temperature n Energised lip seals n H NBR
n Chemical resistance n Cap seals n FKM
n Rapid gas decompression n FKM -F
n Abrasion 1
n FFKM
1
= Fishing tools only n Aflas®
Sub-Sea
Once above the safety valve the likelihood of Rapid Gas Decompression significantly increases. The use of elastomers resistant
to damage from RGD is therefore typical in flow applications. The differential pressures applied to submerged hydraulic sealing
arrangements, may demand pressure venting to be added.
n Christmas trees n High pressure n O-Rings n N BR
n Wellhead n High temperature n Energised lip seals n H NBR
n Hydraulics n Chemical resistance n Cap seals n FKM
n Valves n Rapid gas decompression n FKM -F
n Risers n FFKM
n Remote operated n Aflas®

vehicles (ROV)
27
Top-Side
Larger diameter applications typically have broader tolerances and higher extrusion gaps. Seal selection and design must
accommodate such requirements whilst creating a reliable, safe seal.
n Pipeline n Chemical resistance n O-Rings n N BR
n Closure seals n Rapid gas n Lip seals n H NBR
n Pumps decompression n Spring reinforced lip n FKM
n Compressors n Large diameter seals n FKM -F
n Wellhead n Large extrusion gaps n Back-up rings n FFKM
n Hydraulics n Rough surfaces n Aflas®
n Valves
28 Products
O-ring
Product Overview
The most common type of static seal is the flexible elastomer O-ring. O-rings
provide an affordable seal that in most cases are simple to install and subject to
correct material selection, give acceptable life between maintenance checks.
Available in a variety of materials to suit every sealing application, fully moulded
O-rings are manufactured to several international size standards, including
BS1806, BS4518, AS568 and ISO 3601. Alternatively non-standard custom
sizes, up to 2.5m (8ft) diameter can be produced to specific requirements.
O-ring Standard Compounds
Compound Hardness Temperature Material

Polymer Type Colour Select for..
reference (IRHD) Range Designator
NBR (low) 366519 Black 70 -40 to +120ºC Top-side and low temperature applications NBR
NBR (med) 36624 Black 70 -30 to +120ºC General purpose all round grade NBR
NBR (med) 47702 Black 90 -30 to +120ºC High pressure applications NBR
HNBR (low) 886510 Black 70 -40 to +150ºC Low temperature HNBR
HNBR (low) 886512 Black 85 -40 to +150ºC High pressure, low temperature HNBR
HNBR (med) 886516 Black 90 -30 to +150ºC RGD compliant HNBR
EPDM 55914 PC Black 70 -55 to +150ºC Water based applications, geothermal EP
EPDM 559519 Black 90 -55 to +150ºC High pressure EP
FKM (A) 51414 Black 75 -20 to +200ºC General purpose all round grade FPM
FKM (A) 514309 Black 90 -20 to +200ºC High pressure FPM
FKM (A) 514204 Black 90 -20 to +200ºC RGD compliant FPM
FKM (GF) 514141 Black 75 -10 to +200ºC High chemical resistance FPM
FKM (GF) 514522 Black 90 -10 to +200ºC RGD compliant, high chemical resistance FPM
FKM (GLT) 514523 Black 75 -40 to +200ºC Low temperature FPM
FKM (GLT) 514525 Black 90 -40 to +200ºC RGD compliant, low temperature FPM
FKM (ultra-low
514322 Black 70 -51 to +20ºC Ultra Low temperature FPM
temp)
FFKM FFKM-75-162 Black 75 -15 to +275ºC General purpose all round grade FFKM
FFKM HT FFKM-75-164 Black 75 -15 to +310ºC High temperature FFKM
FEPM 223301 Black 80 -15 to +230ºC General purpose all round grade FEPM
FEPM 223503 Black 90 -15 to +230ºC RGD compliant FEPM

29
Imperial O-rings
BS 214 NBR 70 - 36624

compound REFERENCE
36624
hardness
70 °IRHD ±5
material family designator

NBR Nitrile
dash size REFERENCE†

214
type
BS1806, AS-568, ISO3601-1
O-rings are supplied to ISO3601-1 class B tolerances unless otherwise specified.

†
Metric O-rings
139.3 X 5.7 FPM 75 - 51414

compound REFERENCE
51414
hardness
75 °IRHD ±5

FPM
nominal cross section

5.70 mm
nominal inner diameter

139.30 mm
O-rings are supplied to ISO3601-1 class B tolerances unless otherwise specified.

†
Use this QR code to access data sheets for specific approvals available at
http://oring-groove-wizard.eriks.co.uk
30 Products
Vulc-O-ring
Product overview
ERIKS has developed a very successful method of producing O-rings from
extruded cord to a very high technical standard.
The main benefits of Vulc-O-rings are:
n Moulds are not required resulting in cost savings
n No upper diameter restrictions such as moulding
n No flash lines are present
n Can be used in standard housings
n Short lead times
Metric Vulc-O-rings
1999.35 x 5.7 FPM 75 514206 - vulc

compound REFERENCE
514206
Hardness
75 °IRHD

FPM
nominal cross section

5.70 mm
nominal inner diameter

1999.35 mm
Vulc-O-ring Materials
Material Family
Elastomer Compound Reference Colour Hardness °IRHD
Designator
Nitrile (NBR) 366185 Black 75 NBR
Fluorocarbon (FKM) A Type 514206 Black 75 FPM
Fluorocarbon (FKM) GF Type 514141 Black 75 FPM
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer 559303 Black 75 EPDM

31
Back-up Rings (Anti-extrusion Ring)

Product overview
Back-up rings are used to extend the operating pressure of an O-ring. Either one
or two back-up rings are co-located within a groove of increased width, on the
low-pressure side of the seal. When pressure is applied to the sealing system the
back-up ring is axially compressed, increasing its radial width to close the extrusion
gap. The high shear strength of the back-up ring material is then able to contain
the elevated pressures.
Unlike elastomers, which see visco-elastic extrusion, thermoplastic back-up ring
materials fail if the maximum shear stress is greater than the shear strength of the
material at the operating temperature.
The graphs and instructions on the following pages can be used to select the
correct material. T1
00 - 210 BUSP
Back-up type designator

Spiral Virgin PTFE
dash size reference

210
back up ring type

BS1806
Back-up Type Designator ISO 3601 Back-up Ring Material
Designator Type Material Family Designator Description
BUSP Spiral Back-up A1 Virgin Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

BUCU Scarf Cut Back-up
V1 Virgin PEEK
BUEN Solid Back-up
V3 Glass Filled
Note: Back-up rings are groove specific, the above part numbering format being only suitable for BS1806 grooves.
Hardware dimensional details are available at: http://oring-groove-wizard.eriks.co.uk/DiameterGrooves.aspx
32 Products
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Spiral Turn Scarf Cut Solid Anti-Extrusion Scarf Cut Concaved Solid Concaved
Anti-Extrusion Ring Anti-Extrusion Ring Ring Anti-Extrusion Ring Anti-Extrusion Ring
Single Single Single Single Single
Double Double Double Double Double
Spiral Scarf cut Solid Scarf cut Solid
ISO3601 Back-up Rings
ISO3601-4 - T1 - 699 - PD - 20000 - 21180 - A1

Material family
designator
A1
Housing diameter
211.80 mm
Driving Diameter
200.00 mm
Application Type
PD – Piston Dynamic
RD – Rod Dynamic
PS – Piston Static
RS – Rod Static
O-ring
cross section
6.99 mm
Back up style
T1
Back up ring
ISO3601-4
33
Back-up Ring Material Selection Process

The graphs and instructions on these pages can be used to select the correct material.
Step 1: Select the correct shear stress 3D plot for your O-ring cross- section. Plot the system’s maximum diametral clearance
and differential pressure then read off the appropriate shear stress.
Step 2: Apply an appropriate safety factor to this value (Minimum 2).
Step 3: Select a material from the ‘Material Shear Strengths’ chart where the Shear Strength of the material is greater than the value
calculated at Step 2, at the application operating temperature.
Back-up Ring for 000/100/200 series Back-up Ring for 300 series
Shear Stress plotted against Clearance Gap/Pressure
Shear Stress plotted against Clearance Gap/Pressure (Back-up Ring for 300 Series O-rings)
(Back-up Ring for 000/100/200 Series O-rings) 45.00
60.00
40.00
50.00 35.00
30.00
Shear Stress (MPa)
40.00
Shear Stress (MPa)
25.00
30.00 20.00
15.00
20.00
10.00
10.00 5.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
20.0
0.25 mm gap
40.0
0.20 mm gap
60.0
0.15 mm gap
80.0
100.0
0.0
0.10 mm gap
20.0
120.0
0.25 mm gap
0.05 mm gap
140.0
40.0
0.20 mm gap
60.0
0.00 mm gap
0.15 mm gap
80.0
100.0
0.10 mm gap
120.0
0.05 mm gap
140.0
Differential Pre
0.00 mm gap
ssure (M Pa)
Differential Pre
ssure (M Pa)
x2)
ce (E Gap
ap x2) l Clearan
ance (E G Diametra
l Clear
Diametra
Back-up Ring for 400 series Material Shear Strength Vs Temperature

Shear Stress plotted against Clearance Gap/Pressure 90.0
(Back-up Ring for 400 Series O-rings)
Material Type
60.00
80.0
Virgin PTFE
Glass/Moly Filled
PTFE
50.00
70.0 Virgin PEEK
40.00 60.0
Shear Stress (MPa)
Shear Strength (MPa)
30.00 50.0
20.00 40.0
30.0
10.00
20.0
0.00
0.0
20.0
0.25 mm gap
40.0
0.20 mm gap
60.0
0.15 mm gap
80.0
10.0
100.0
0.10 mm gap
120.0
0.05 mm gap
140.0
0.00 mm gap
Differential Pre
ssure (M Pa)
0.0
0 25 50 75 100 125
x2)
ce (E Gap Temperature (°C)
l Clearan
Diametra
34 Products
Piston
T-Seal
Product Overview
Typically used in reciprocating and high pressure static applications, T-Seals
Rod
comprise a single T-section elastomeric energiser and two thermoplastic back-up
rings. Available in both piston and rod geometries, T-Seals can retro-fit into most
standard O-ring grooves designed for widths to accommodate 0, 1 or 2 back-ups.
The shape prevents spiral failure whilst reciprocating. The elastomer component
transmits the system pressure under the low pressure back-up ring, forcing it into
position, closing the extrusion gap. As an elastomeric contact seal, the T-Seal
provides highly efficient sealing and can be used in applications
where two fluid types need to be separated e.g. gas, oil
separation by an accumulator piston seal.
T1P- BSI- 214 - 0 - C - 36624 - E471- PWI

Back-up material reference
E471
elastomer Energiser
compound reference
36624
Back-up ring style

C=Scarf cut S = Solid
Groove width
0 = Zero back-up ring width (Narrow)
1 = Single back-up ring width (Inter)
2 = Double back-up ring width (Wide)
SIZE reference
214
Groove design standard

BSI = BS1806, ASD = AS4716
ASS = ASS857, ISO = ISO3601
BSM = BS4518
Type
T1P = Piston
T1R = Rod
35
Elastomeric Energiser Materials
Compound Hardness Temperature

Elastomer Colour Select for..
Reference (IRHD) Range
Nitrile rubber (NBR) 36624 Black 70 -30 to +120°C General purpose
51414 Black 75
Fluorocarbon -20 to +200°C High temperature performance; high speed

(FKM, A-type) applications
51414G Green 75
Hydrogenated nitrile, High temperature, mechanically demanding

886510 Black 70 -40 to +150°C
HNBR applications
Back-Up Material Reference Codes
Material Coefficient of Temperature

PTFE Reference Colour Select for..
Composition Friction Range
E400 Virgin PTFE White 0.05 / 0.08 -240 to +200°C Static or low duty cycles
Dynamic or static, medium duty cycles, hardened

E451U Glass filled PTFE Cream 0.06 / 0.10 -160 to +290°C
metal running surfaces
E471 Graphite reinforced PTFE Black 0.06 / 0.10 -200 to 250°C Dynamic, medium duty cycles
Carbon and graphite

E462 Black 0.08 / 0.12 -200 to 250°C Dynamic, medium duty cycles
reinforced PTFE
Dynamic or static, medium to high duty cycles,

E491 Polyester reinforced PTFE Beige 0.08 / 0.12 -130 to +290°C
minimum 45 HRc running surface
Carbon, graphite and PPS Dynamic or static, high duty cycles, hardened
E282Z Grey/Black 0.08 / 0.12 -130 to +290°C
reinforced PTFE metal running surfaces
Use this QR code to access data sheets for specific approvals available at
http://oring-groove-wizard.eriks.co.uk
36 Products
S-Seal
Product Overview
The S-Seal is a compact, moulded elastomeric seal design with two integral metal
spring anti-extrusion supports, designed to prevent seal extrusion.
Sized to fit existing O-ring type grooves, they also offer resistance to high pressure
and high temperature, without the need for additional anti-extrusion rings.
They are available in both rod and piston seal orientation. Custom sizes for unique
sealing applications can be designed on request.
Developed to withstand pressures of 140 MPa and above, S-Seals are particularly
suited for demanding oil and gas applications where traditional
O-rings may be prone to short service life or failure.
SSR - 125 - 15000 - 55414 - SS

Spring Material
(SS – Stainless Steel)
Elastomer Compound
Reference 55414
Rod or Bore Diameter

6.000” = 006000†
Nominal Radial Groove Cross

section 0.125” = 125†
Seal Type and Orientation

SSR – Rod
SSP - Piston
(=Dimension rounded down to 3 decimal places,

multiplied by 100)
37
Energised Lip Seals

Product overview
Pioneer Weston’s Energised Lip Seal is a symmetrical seal optimised for heavy duty
reciprocating applications with unidirectional pressure.
The Energised Lip Seal comprises a high modulus, highly durable, wear resistant,
elastomeric jacket, energised by a low modulus split O-ring.
The jacket provides superior sealing efficiency and abrasion resistance, whilst
the O-ring both transmits system pressure to the contact surfaces and ensures
energisation of the seal lips under low pressure or low temperature. The elongated
square heal minimises seal roll and improves seal stability.
By separating the sealing and energising functions, optimal
materials may be selected for each. A typical application would
include actuator rod seals.
Imperial (English) Sizes
ELS - AM1 - 125 - 006000 - 343 - PWI

Nominal axial groove width
0.125” = 125†1
Nominal seal ID
6.000” = 006000†2
Nominal radial groove cross

section
0.125” = 125†3
Jacket Compound Reference

AM1
Energised Lip Seal Type

ELS
†1 to 3 decimal places multiplied by 1000

†2 (Rod diameter/Piston groove diameter to 3 decimal places) multiplied by 1000
†3 to 3 decimal places multiplied by 1000
Compound Energiser Hardness Temperature Gasket

Jacket Material Colour Select for..
Reference Material (IRHD) Range Designator
High temperatures, increased chemical

Aflas® (FEPM) FE-80-229 FKM 75 Black 80 -10 to +200ºC FE7
resistance
Hydraulic ram rod seals for high volume

Polyurethane (PU) PU-90-203 NBR 70 Black 90 -40 to +100ºC AM1
manufacture
Hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), Elevated temperatures, high abrasion

H-85-205 HNBR 70 Black 85 -40 to +180ºC HJ1
moulded resistance
Hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), Elevated temperatures, high abrasion

H-85-206 HNBR 70 Black 85 -40 to +180ºC HJ2
machined resistance; low volume rapid manufacture
38 Products
Single Acting Cap Seal

Product overview
A self-actuating, pressure venting, extrusion resistant seal that combines low
breakout and running friction with minimal leakage. The seal is constructed of a
premium grade PTFE sealing element and an elastomer energiser.
The Single Acting Cap Seal is a reliable, compact, design with
a long service life and is available in both rod and piston type
geometries to retro-fit into ISO7425-2. Stick-slip is eliminated
even after long periods of inactivity whether in a lubricated or
non-lubricated environment, giving low breakout friction.
C** - 15000 - D - 36624 - E471 - PWI

ptfe grade code
E471 Graphite Filled PTFE
Elastomeric energiser
compound reference
36624 Nitrile NBR 70 °IRHD
radial section code

A = 1.78
B = 2.62
C = 3.53
D = 5.33
E = 6.99
bore/rod diameter
150.00 mm
Type
SP – Piston Type Single Acting
DP – Piston Type Double Acting
SR – Rod Type Single Acting
DR – Rod Type Double Acting
Standard Radial Sections
Radial Section
Standard Bore Diameter (mm) Piston Groove Diameter (mm) Rod Groove Diameter (mm) Groove Width (mm)
Code
A 8 – 16.9 –4.9 +4.9 2.20
B 17 – 26.9 –7.3 +7.3 3.20
C 27 – 59.9 –10.7 +10.7 4.20
D 60 – 199.9 –15.1 +15.1 6.30
E 200 – 255.9 –20.5 +20.5 8.10
39
Energiser Materials

Good chemical resistance (including amines and

Aflas® 223301 Black 80 -10 to +200ºC
alkalis), good high temperature performance
Nitrile rubber (NBR) 36624 Black 70 -30 to +120ºC General purpose
51414 Black 75
Fluorocarbon (FKM,
-20 to +200ºC
A-type) High temperature performance; high speed
51414G Green 75 applications; 514141 (Viton® GF type) for improved
coolant and fuel resistance
Fluorocarbon (FKM,
514141 Black 75 -10 to +200ºC
GF-type)
Hydrogenated nitrile
88625 Black 70 -30 to +180ºC Abrasion resistance; high temperatures
(HNBR)
FFKM-75-162 Black 75 -15 to +275ºC

Perfluoroelastomer Exceptional chemical resistance and high
(FFKM) temperatures
FFKM-75-164 Black 75 -15 to +310ºC
Material Grades

Description Colour Select for..
Reference Friction Range
E400 Virgin PTFE Grey 0.05 / 0.08 -240 to +200ºC Static or low duty cycles
Dynamic or static, medium duty cycles,

E451U Glass reinforced PTFE Grey / Black 0.06 / 0.10 -160 to +290ºC
hardened metal running surfaces
E471 Graphite reinforced PTFE White 0.06 / 0.10 -200 to +250ºC Dynamic, medium duty cycles
Carbon and graphite reinforced

E462 Black 0.08 / 0.12 -200 to +250ºC Dynamic, medium duty cycles
PTFE
Dynamic or static, medium to high duty

E491 Polyester reinforced PTFE Brown 0.08 / 0.12 -130 to +290ºC
cycles, minimum 45 HRc running surface
Carbon, graphite and PPS Dynamic or static, high duty cycles,

E282Z Grey 0.08 / 0.12 -130 to +290ºC
reinforced PTFE hardened metal running surfaces
40 Products
Double Acting Cap Seal

Product overview
A self-actuating, bi-directional, extrusion resistant seal that combines low
breakout and running friction with minimal leakage. The seal is constructed of a
premium grade PTFE sealing element and an elastomer energiser.
The Double Acting Cap Seal is a reliable, compact design with a long service life
and is available in both rod and piston type geometries to
retro-fit into ISO7425-2. Stick-slip is eliminated even after
long periods of inactivity whether in a lubricated or non-
lubricated environment, giving low breakout friction.
C** - 15000 - D - 36624 - E471 - PWI

ptfe grade code
E471 Graphite Filled PTFE
compound reference
36624 Nitrile NBR 70 °IRHD
radial section code

A = 1.78
B = 2.62
C = 3.53
D = 5.33
E = 6.99
bore/rod diameter
150.00 mm
Type
SP – Piston Type Single Acting
DP – Piston Type Double Acting
SR – Rod Type Single Acting
DR – Rod Type Double Acting
Standard Radial Sections
Radial Section
Standard Bore Diameter (mm) Piston Groove Diameter (mm) Rod Groove Diameter (mm) Groove Width (mm)
Code
A 8 – 16.9 –4.9 +4.9 2.20
B 17 – 26.9 –7.3 +7.3 3.20
C 27 – 59.9 –10.7 +10.7 4.20
D 60 – 199.9 –15.1 +15.1 6.30
E 200 – 255.9 –20.5 +20.5 8.10
41
Energiser Materials


Aflas® 223301 Black 80 -10 to +200ºC
51414 Black 75
Fluorocarbon (FKM,
-20 to +200ºC
Fluorocarbon (FKM,
514141 Black 75 -10 to +200ºC
GF-type)
(HNBR)
FFKM-75-162 Black 75 -15 to +275ºC

(FFKM) temperatures
FFKM-75-164 Black 75 -15 to +310ºC
Material Grades



PTFE


E282Z Grey 0.08 / 0.12 -130 to +290ºC
42 Products
Capped O-ring
Product Overview
Capped O-rings are a cost-effective solution for providing cap seals for rod and piston
seal applications. The seal assembly consists of a cap manufactured from one of
Eriks premier PTFE compounds and an O-ring to act as the seal energiser.
The design of the capped O-ring protects the elastomer from extrusion and nibbling.
The specially profiled cap element acts as the seal’s dynamic interface and prevents
spiral failure and reduces stick slip, commonly associated with O-ring seals.
Our capped O-rings are designed to retrofit existing O-ring grooves, including AS4716
standard housing dimensions. Both metric and imperial sizes are
available and can be tailored to fit housing dimensions provided.
Our technical team can also advise on how to optimise O-ring
squeeze to minimise seal friction.
COP - 10000 - C - 36624 - E491 - PWI

ptfe grade code
E491
compound reference
36624
radial section code

A = 1.78
B = 2.62
C = 3.53
D = 5.33
E = 6.99
bore/rod diameter
150.00 mm
TYPE
COP = Piston
COR = Rod
43
Energiser Materials


Aflas® 223301 Black 80 -10 to +200ºC
51414 Black 75
Fluorocarbon (FKM,
-20 to +200ºC
Fluorocarbon (FKM,
514141 Black 75 -10 to +200ºC
GF-type)
(HNBR)
FFKM-75-162 Black 75 -15 to +275ºC

(FFKM) temperatures
FFKM-75-164 Black 75 -15 to +310ºC
Material Grades



PTFE


E282Z Grey 0.08 / 0.12 -130 to +290ºC
44 Products
Spring Energised Seal

Product overview
Cantilever
The Spring Energised (SE) seal pressure activated seal, with assisted energisation
provided by corrosion-resistant metal spring. When the seal is in situ, the spring
is under compression and applies force to seal’s sealing lips. This creates a tight
barrier to prevent gas or fluids from leaking.
The spring also provides resiliency to compensate for seal wear, gland
misalignment or eccentricity. While spring force provides adequate force for
sealing at low pressure, at high pressure the system pressure augments the spring
force to provide an even tighter seal. SE seals are precision machined from PTFE,
filled PTFE and other high performance polymers. SE seals work consistently
under a wide array of temperatures and pressures. Eriks offers over 100 jacket Spring Pitch
materials, 8 spring materials, and 5 spring designs to meet your sealing needs.
Spring Designation
Spring Type Material Code Material Description
1 301 Stainless Steel

Cantilever
H Hastelloy® C-276 Helical
E Elgiloy®
Spiral Pitch 6 316 Stainless Steel
H Hastelloy® C-276

Helical
H Hastelloy® C-276
PTFE Grades
Material Wear Factor
Description Application
Reference (K)
Glass and Molybdenum Disulphide Dynamic/Static, Medium duty cycles

E431 15
reinforced PTFE Hardened metal running surfaces
E471 Graphite reinforced PTFE 10 Dynamic, Medium duty cycles
E462 Carbon/Graphite reinforced PTFE 15 Dynamic, Medium duty cycles
Dynamic / Static, Medium to high duty cycles,

E491 Polyester reinforced PTFE 2
Minimum 45 HRc running surface
E282Z Carbon/Graphite/PPS reinforced PTFE 1 Dynamic / Static, High duty cycles, Hardened metal running surfaces
45
E - V - 1 - A - 1 - M - 136 - E431
material code
E431
dash SIZE Reference

136
spring load
L – Light
M – Medium
H – Hard
Spring material
301 Stainless Steel
Lip Configuration
Rod and Piston Seals:
A – Standard
B – I.D. Scraper
C – O.D. Scraper
D – Double Scraper
Face Seals:
A – Standard
Seal type
Rod and Piston Seals:
1– Standard heel rod seal
2 – Standard heel piston seal
3 – Extended heel rod seal
4 – Extended heel piston seal
Face Seals:
5 – Internal face seal
6 – External face seal
Spring Type
V – Cantilever
S – Spiral pitch
H – Helical
product line
E
46 Products
Metal Face Seals

Product Overview
Pioneer Weston’s range of metal face seals offer bearing protection and fluid retention
on any relatively slow-moving housing assembly. These seals are constructed from two
identical, tapered metal rings, loaded using elastomer seals. Such designs excel under
extreme environments, where the exclusion of contaminants such as sand, rock, mud
and water is imperative, providing a robust efficient solution, with long service life and low
maintenance.
Advantages & Benefits

Corrosion and abrasion resistant seal rings
n
Special seals and load ring materials to match application requirements
n
Self-centering to compensate for eccentricity or misalignment
n
Cost savings from extended machinery life
n
Easy to assemble and minimal maintenance
n
Broad operational temperature range from -40ºC to 200ºC,
n
dependent upon material selections
Pioneer Weston can provide a comprehensive range of sizes

that are common in the market place. Non standard sizes are
available on request.
47
Metal Face Seal Profiles

Seal Profile Profile Features Advantages and Benefits Applications
5000 Series –T
wo identical tapered – The most common design of a metal arge rigid axles
–L
metal rings with precision face seal, available in a large range
– Rock drill bits
lapped opposing faces of sizes.
(One rotating and the other – Conveyor equipment (e.g.
– O -rings are used as secondary
stationary). rollers)
sealing elements providing: static
– Elastomer O-rings sealing on housing and ID, uniform ixers and grinders
–M
axial pressure on metal rings,
oad-rolling equipment
–R
transmits torque to the rotating face.
– Cranes
– Tapered surfaces allow lubrication
to get to the precision-lapped metal – Planetary gear box (speed
faces via centrifugal action reducer)
– Idler rollers for tracked

vehicles
– Tunnelling and mining

equipment
5500 Series – Two identical tapered – Allows for simpler housing design – Specifically used for
metal rings with precision and construction undercarriage applications
lapped opposing faces for agricultural and
– Housing is easier to machine, but
(One rotating and the other construction vehicles, i.e.
more housing space is required
stationary). bulldozers, excavators
– Tapered surfaces allow lubrication
pecial elastomer washers
–S – Military Vehicles
to get to the precision-lapped metal
faces via centrifugal action
– Special elastomer seals allows

higher pressure capability, whilst
maintaining the same functions as
an O-ring.
48 Products
AM5084 - C - NB 60
hardness
60

NB = Nitrile
Metal Ring
C = Cast Iron
size reference
Selection and Material Specification

Ensuring the correct material composition is paramount. Pioneer Weston can work with the customer to analyse application
requirements and recommend the most suitable materials. The main factors in ensuring the correct selection are:
size, temperature, speed, pressure, media
Metal Face Seals Reference

Compound Hardness Material
Polymer Family Colour Temperature Range Select for..
Reference (IRHD) Designator
N-60-214 Black 60 -35 to +110°C General purpose NB

Nitrile rubber
(NBR) Low temperature, with a degree of resistance
N-60-148 Black 60 -60 to +110°C LTNB
to lubricants
Fluorocarbon
V-60-190 Black 60 -20 to +200°C FKM
(FKM, A-type)
High temperatures, good lubricant resistance.
Fluorocarbon
V-60-181 Black 60 -40 to +200°C LTF
(FKM, GLT-type)
H-60-123 Green 60 -40 to +180°C Abrasion resistance; high temperatures HN
(HNBR)
Metal Ring Designator Metal Type Description

General purpose
n
Hardness >58 HRc
n
F Forged roller bearing steel
Circumferential speed ≤ 2.0m/s
n
Pressure ≤ 1.5 bar
n
Enhanced corrosion and abrasion resistance

n
n Hardness 65-72 HRc
C Cast iron
n
n
Superior corrosion and abrasion resistance

n
Hardness 68-72 HRc
n
X Cast alloy
n
n
49
Installation and Maintenance
Installation Method Setting gap Oil

1. Ensure that the inside of the housing is The setting gap determines the amount Transmission oils, grade SAE 80 and SAE
clean, free of burrs, scratches and dust. of axial pressure on the sealing faces and 90 are recommended. If necessary, lower
The load ring must be correctly fitted on the compression applied to the elastomeric viscosity lubricants such as engine oil
the seal and be free from distortion (see rings. Pioneer Weston seals are designed 20W 20 can also be used. In cases where
Figure A). so a setting gap A of 3.0-0.5mm will provide hydraulic fluids / bio-oils are to be used,
adequate sealing force for the majority please contact Pioneer Weston direct for
2. Install the seal with load ring in the of applications. However if the seals are advice. The oil level should be between
housing (Figure B). At this time, confirm required to work at a continuous high the axis centre line and 2/3 of the seal
that the end of the housing (1) will peripheral speed the setting gap should be diameter. When filled to the correct level, the
be parallel to the lapped surface of adjusted in order to prevent an excessive oil will generally suffice for the lifetime of
the seal (2). If the seal becomes out loading of the lubricating oil. the seal.
of alignment, even partially (Figure C)
the seal shall have abnormal wear, the This will reduce surface pressures and can
o-ring will become distorted and will be done by increasing the setting gap. In
eventually fail prematurely. this case tests should be conducted to find Grease
the most suitable setting.
Although grease can be used as a lubricator
3. After insertion, make sure that the
it is not recommended due to the fact it
precision lapped surfaces are absolutely
will not centrifuge to the wedge gaps in
free of foreign matter, then lightly apply
the seal faces during dynamic conditions. If
lubricant oil to the mating surfaces. Lubrication
grease is used it will result in higher wear,
Upon completion of the seal installation,
Correct installation will count for very little shorter lifetime and can only run at slower
reassemble the housings to the correct
if the lubrication regime is overlooked or sliding speeds.
setting gap (see below) and fill with
incorrectly administered. The seals will have
lubricating oil.
a far greater operating life when provided The seal should, on no account, be
with good lubricating and heat dissipating regreased with a grease gun, as the high
When properly installed, the two mated
qualities when oil is used as opposed pressure of the gun can dislodge the o-rings
metal surfaces seal against each other, a
to grease. and ultimately destroy them.
thin film of lubrication between these two
surfaces minimises wear, and the load rings
provide pressure to ensure positive sealing.
1
Figure A Figure B Figure C
Correct Incorrect
50 Products
Exclusion Devices / Wiper Rings

Product Overview
Exclusion devices also known as Wiper Rings or Scrapers are installed in sealing
configurations to exclude foreign particles such as sand, grit, dirt, water, abrasive
media, etc. They are normally installed in the piston rod gland housing and wipe
the piston rod during retraction. They prevent contamination of the hydraulic fluid,
which could otherwise damage valves, seals, wear rings and other components.
ERIKS Sealing Technology offers a comprehensive range of metallic and polymeric

Exclusion devices. These configurations include combinations of elastomeric,
metallic and PTFE based material Exclusion/Wiper lips, which are configured to
the application requirements. ERIKS also provide both single-acting and double-
acting wiper ring designs. Vented forms available for subsea applications on
request.
WR - MET - 050.00 - 070.00 -10.00- GPN

Material designator
GPN
groove width
10.00mm
groove diameter
70.00mm
ROD DIAMETER (mm)

50.0mm ROD
WIPER RING STYLE

MET = Metal / Elastomeric
MEP = Metal Encased
Polyurethane
ETP = Elastomeric and Thermoplastic
Double Acting Wipers
Wiper ring call out

51
Metal Scrapers
Metal scrapers consist of a Nitrile (NBR) wiping lip in conjunction with a thin
brass scraper lip, encased in a steel shell. The combination is used for arduous
environments and is suitable for tar, ice, removing dried or frozen mud and other
contaminants from the rod.
Metal Encased Polyurethane Scraper

A Metal Encased Polyurethane scraper can be installed into open grooves. This
style of Scraper comprises of a polyurethane (AU) scraper element housed in a
metallic casing. The polyurethane scraper element offers highly effective scraping
performance and abrasion resistance. This design is commonly used in mobile
hydraulic plant and agricultural equipment.
Elastomeric and Thermoplastic Double Acting Wipers

A Double acting wiper has either a sealing and a scraping lip in Nitrile (NBR) or
proprietary reinforced PTFE. It is optimised when used with rod seals that have
a back pumping capability. The double acting wiper is recommended for light to
medium duty and is available in alternative elastomeric/PTFE grades on request.
Material Designator Codes

Material Designator Description Temperature Range
BPN Bronze reinforced PTFE / NBR 70 -30°C to 100°C
BPV Bronze reinforced PTFE / FKM 70 -20°C to 200°C
GPN Graphite reinforced PTFE / NBR 70 -30°C to 100°C
GPV Graphite reinforced PTFE / FKM 70 -20°C to 200°C

52 Products
Machined Wear Ring / Bearing Strip

Product Overview
The design intent of a Bearing Strip or Wear Ring is to guide the piston and/or
rod into a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. Any potential side or transverse loads
applied to the piston rod will be supported by the Wear Ring, thus preventing
contact between the static and sliding parts of the cylinder.
ERIKS Wear Rings are non-metallic and offer advantages over traditional metallic
bearings. These benefits include improved load distribution, reduced friction, easy
installation and lower abrasion.
Different types of materials are available depending upon the application
requirements. PTFE based Wear Rings are for use in low to medium loads, fabric
composite Wear Rings are to be used under high load conditions.
ERIKS Wear Rings are precision machined to mate with the customers hardware
and are available in a range of sizes, as defined by the below part numbering system.
MWR -P -125.00 - B - 2.15 -14.50- B

Material Designator
V = Virgin PTFE
C = Carbon Filled PTFE
B = Bronze Filled PTFE
F = Fabric Composite
groove width (mm)
Thickness (Groove depth)
Type of cut
A = Angled B = Butt
S = Stepped
Bore/Rod Diameter
5mm to 999.99mm
Bearing Orientation
P = Piston Type R = Rod Type
MWR – Machined Wear Ring

BT – Pre-cut Bearing Strip
53
Machined Wear Ring Dimensions
PISTON BEARINGS
Bearing Radial Thickness Groove Width (mm) Internal Groove

Bearing Groove Diameter
(mm) (+0.25/0.00) Radii
1.00 6.00 Bore Diameter - 2.00/2.05mm
3.20
1.50 Bore Diameter - 3.00/3.05mm
10.00
2.50
4.00
9.70
15.00
4.20
5.60
0.25mm
6.30
Max
8.10
2.50 9.70 Bore Diameter - 5.00/5.05mm
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
3.00 20.00 Bore Diameter - 6.00/6.05mm
9.70
25.00
ROD BEARINGS
Bearing Radial Thickness Groove Width (mm) Internal Groove

Bearing Groove Diameter
(mm) (+0.25/0.00) Radii
1.00 6.00 Rod Diameter - 2.00/2.05mm
3.20
1.50 Rod Diameter - 3.00/3.05mm
10.00
2.50
4.00
9.70
15.00
4.20
5.60
0.25mm
6.30
Max
8.10
2.50 9.70 Rod Diameter - 5.00/5.05mm
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
3.00 20.00 Rod Diameter - 6.00/6.05mm
9.70
25.00
54 Products
Bearing Strip
Product Overview
Bearing Strips are skived from material billets and are available in the standard For Bearing Strip used in Piston
thicknesses and widths. ERIKS Bearing Strip can be supplied in metre lengths. applications:-
Length Calculation for Bearing Strip

LB = ( p X (B - TH) / 1.01) – C
Once the bearing strip is installed it is important that a ‘Gap’ is present between For Bearing Strip used in Rod
applications:-
each end of the bearing strip. This feature is required to ensure :-
LB = ( p X (R + TH) / 1.01) – C
There is sufficient room to allow for expansion which occurs during increases
n
Where:-
in temperature. LB = Calculated Bearing Strip
n The prevention of pressure entrapment. Length (mm).
B = Bore diameter (mm)
n To ease installation and aid bearing strip removal.
R = Rod diameter (mm).
If you purchase our Bearing Strip by the metre, the length of the strip can TH = Bearing Strip thickness (mm)
be calculated as shown in the box to the right. C = Gap constant: 0.8 (1.8 for
PTFE based materials above
120°C)
Wear Ring / Machined Bearing Strip Design Guide

Bearing Design Options Load Capability
Careful consideration needs to be taken To ensure minimal wear and optimum It is good practice to minimise bearing
when choosing the correct bearing performance it is important to maintain radial cross section as for a given load
material. Factors influencing the design the lowest possible unit load over the the thinner the radial cross section,
are load capacity, friction, temperature, bearing. The bearing load can be the less the deflection. Lifetime
service life and running velocity. As a estimated using the below illustrated requirements may contradict this.
general guide if wear and load bearing calculation. Our experts can assist you in selecting
is paramount, then Phenolic/fabric Influencing factors such as rod/piston the optimal configuration for your
composite materials are favoured. If deflection, bearing deformation and application if required.
low friction is important, PTFE based diametrical tolerancing need to be
materials offer the best option. considered when considering bearing
design. Other factors including
external loads, geometrical tolerances
(eccentricity, concentricity, ovality) and
component weight also need to be
recognised.
55
BT - 2.50- 15.00 - B
Material Designator
V = Virgin PTFE
C = Carbon filled PTFE
B = Bronze Filled PTFE
Groove width (mm)

2.50
4.00
5.60
9.70
15.00
20.00
25.00
Thickness (Groove depth)

1.00mm
1.55mm
2.00mm
2.50mm
3.00mm
4.00mm
BT–Bearing Strip
Note: For small diameters, machined wear rings are
recommended to aid installation. Minimum Bearing Strip
Diameters: PTFE 8mm, Fabric 60mm.

56 Products
Bearing Calculation
For the Bearing Load Calculation we assume the load
distribution is uniform over a project bearing area. The bearing
area may be approximated by using the following calculation.
Projected Bearing Area (Bpa) =

Internal Bearing Dia (Bd) X Bearing Axial Length (BL).
e.g. Internal Bearing Diameter (Bd) = 50mm

Bearing Axial Length (BL) = 25mm
Projected Bearing Area (Bpa) = 1,250mm2
When the Projected Bearing Area (shaded red) has been

approximated, the bearing pressure may be found by dividing
the Total Force Load by the Projected Bearing Area. This
will determine the minimum compressive strength (Cs) of the
bearing material to be utilised. If your design requires the
incorporation of a safety factor, it is advisable to multiply the
Total Force Load (FL) by the desired factor of safety (FOS),
e.g. 2. The required bearing compressive strength can be
calculated as follows;
Cs = FOS X FL
( Bd X BL)
Cs = (2 X 3000N)
(50mm X 25mm)
Cs = 6000 = 4.8 MPa

1250
57
Material Selection
Calculating the required bearing material strength is important in determining the correct material to
use. Listed below are additional criteria that need to be considered;
n Is the application rotary, reciprocating or static?
n What surface speed will the bearing see?
n Is lubrication present?
n What are the temperature extremes?
n What is the shaft/bore material, hardness and surface finish?
Does the bearing have exposure to abrasive, erosive and chemically aggressive media?
n
The below table defines the properties of the standard materials available.
Compressive
Material Max Surface Speed Mating Surface Size Availability General Uses
Strength (Max)
15 MPa at 25°C
Steel Hard Chrome, Light load, Lubricated
Bronze filled PTFE 12 MPa at 80°C Rings 8mm to
Steel Hardened environment
8 MPa at 120°C 2600mm
15.0 m/s
12 MPa at 25°C Up to 4600mm in
Stainless Steel, Hard Strip form
Carbon filled PTFE 9 MPa at 80°C Light duty, can run dry
Anodised Aluminium
5 MPa at 120°C
300 MPa at 25°C

Phenolic (Static) Steel Hard Chrome, Steel 10mm to 1500mm Heavy load, lubricated
1.0 m/s
(Fabric composite) 50 MPa at 60°C Hardened (Rod Dia) environment
(Dynamic)
Type of Cut Angle Cut Straight Cut Stepped Cut

GAP
G
AP
GAP
GAP
Angled cuts are recommended for use in reciprocating applications. Straight cuts are for rotary
applications. Stepped cuts are used in special applications, e.g. for flow restriction.
Machined Wear Rings are application specific. Based upon application data, the appropriate dimensions
and hardware tolerances will be calculated by our technical team for the entire sealing system.
58 Additional Products and Services
V-packing
If seal redundancy is required, the multi-lip V-packing assembly is the seal of choice.
Configurations of PTFE, Thermoplastic and Elastomer can be combined to provide
sealing solutions across a broad range of parameters.
V-packing assemblies are available in both uni-directional and bi-directional designs.
A typical uni-directional V-packing assembly consists of a header (primary) seal,
V-rings (secondary seals) and an end adaptor. The number of V-rings can be tailored
to meet the specific redundancy needs. To aid installation V-packing seal assemblies
need to be installed in open glands.
High differential pressures can be tolerated, as the multi-lip redundancy can
offer a suitable solution for low fugitive emission requirements. Each sealing lip is
mechanically energised by the prior sealing element and provides support, thus
increasing the seal assembly resistance to extrusion.
The practice of multi-lip redundancy optimises sealing integrity across the complete
seal assembly and maximises sealing efficiency for ultimate leakage control. ERIKS
V-packing assemblies are tailored to meet specific application environments. Please
contact ERIKS UK with your application details or for further information.
Lip seals for use in Pipeline Closures

Pipeline closures offer a unique set of challenges to seals making very specific
sealing solutions necessary:
Application conditions:
n 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 ASA pressure ratings
n Wide operating temperature ranges starting from -46°C
n Diverse fluid media
n Over-compression of the seal during door closure
n Very high clearance gaps
n Low closure force requirements
n Low pressure sealing requirements
n Fast activation required to accommodate pressure fluctuations
n Pressure trapping in groove
n Large diameters
n Uneven clearance gaps due to effects of gravity on heavy horizontally opening doors
n Rapid Gas Decompression resistance

Specially designed lip seals with or without reinforcing elements may be used to
meet this challenging combination of application requirements. Careful design
optimisation using Finite Element Analysis is often critical to success.
59
Rubber Moulded and Extruded Products

Rubber Mouldings Extruded Rubber Profiles/ Our in-house CAD/CAM capability
The moulding of rubber and elastomeric Inflatables also enables us to quickly design and
accurately manufacture innovative
compounds is accomplished by forcing Our comprehensive product range
solutions to meet new applications and
the material into a shape using heat and incorporates not only rubber, but also
operating conditions utilising
pressure. Rubber and elastomers can Thermo Plastic Elastomer (TPE). Our
our in-house 3D
be moulded by compression, transfer TPE solutions are a prime example of
rubber printing
and injection methods. The volume of our innovative thinking, combining two
capabilities.
parts and type of compound required or three thermo plastic elastomers in
will determine the moulding method one product to reduce the steps in the
used. Our engineers participate with manufacturing process.
you to develop innovative solutions for
your production.
Gaskets
ERIKS’ product knowledge ensures you
always get the right gasket for the job.
Our gasket installation kits for example,
have the seals and gaskets logically
packed for ease of assembly, to save
In addition we offer: Valves
Spiral Wound
n Econosto offer a wide range
you time.
Gaskets of oil & gas valves from stock
We design, manufacture and supply held locally both at Aberdeen and
Gland Packings
n
a wide range of essential sealing Leicester.
and insulation components to many Ring Type Joints
n These may be supplied with API 6D
industries where equipment failure is not Extrusions
n and API 6A approvals for wellhead and
an option. Products include cut gaskets, Rubber Mouldings Rubber Proof
n Christmas tree equipment.
packings, sheet jointing materials, Woven Cloths From stock:
moulded seals and shaped thermal Forged steel gate
Dry and Coated Woven Cloths
n
insulation components, all vital to a Globe and check valves
Boiler House Products
n
modern industrial society. Ball valves
Thermal Insulation Fabrications
n
By closely working with leading material Trunnion-mounted ball valves
Multi-ply Expansion Joints
n Upon request:
manufacturers we offer a range of
and Strip Tandem trunnion ball valves
quality products at cost-effective prices.
Cut gaskets and sheet jointing available Boiler Combustion
n Floating ball valves
from every imaginable sealing material Chamber Insulation Bypass valves with high temperature
including specialised materials Boiler/Cooker Case Insulation
n and cryogenic options
ERIKS Sealing Technology offers a comprehensive range of high performance sealing
products, supported by a world-class technical and logistical service to deliver the right
seal on time to your critical applications.
ERIKS Sealing Technology ERIKS Sealing Technology

Unit 5, Yorks Park 206 Cavendish Place
Blowers Green Road Birchwood Park
Dudley Warrington
West Midlands Cheshire
DY2 8UL WA3 6WU
Tel 0845 603 1221 Tel 01925 853000

Fax 0845 603 1441 Fax 01925 853030
www.eriks.co.uk

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ERIKS Sealing Technology

Engineered Polymer Solutions for Oil & Gas Applications

Oil and Gas applications present the most extreme

Viton and Kalrez are trademarks of DuPont, Aflas is a

Boasting cutting edge technology Full traceability of product and

We use the latest 3D CAD to

Stock Availability Support

Global Network - Local to you

Test and Validation

Low volume – high pressure to 25000psi

Rules to Determine Elastomeric Material 90°

pressure sealing applications. Extreme pressure applications Hardness (IHRD)

O-ring Pressure Capability O-Ring Pressure Capability

Radial Extrusion Gap (mm)

Groove fill (Gland Occupancy) Design for Rapid Gas Decompression

Material Technology Centre

Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Nitrile Hydrogenated Nitrile

Nitrile rubber, often referred to as The properties of hydrogenated nitrile

Types of Fluorocarbon Rubber

ASTM D1418 Typical Fluorine

Improved fluid and oil/solvent resistance, including

Improved low temperature resistance but reduced

Excellent resistance to lubricating oils, corrosion

Speciality grade, excellent chemical resistance,

Speciality polymers are available that further extend

performance, in aromatic oils and offers

Broad chemical resistance, excellent mechanical

High temperature resistance, excellent mechanical

Polychloroprene Ethylenepropylene Rubbers Polyurethane Rubber

Neoprene (CR) rubbers are Polyurethane rubber is a polymer

Being non-polar elastomers, EPM

Selection of Standard ERIKS Compounds

Standard compound with good compression-set values

–25 to +110°C Similar to 36624 with higher hardness for higher

Standard, sulphur cured EPDM compound with very good

Low temperature HNBR, offering good hydrocarbon

General purpose compound with very low compression-

Fluorocarbon General purpose compound with very low compression-set

–20 to +200°C Similar to 51414 with higher hardness for higher

–10° to +200°C Original Viton® GF-Terpolymer with improved steam

Broadest range of chemical and temperature resistance

Dupont Kalrez® is also available through ERIKS, subject to regional availability.

Physical Properties of ERIKS Compounds

Tensile strength MPa 13 16 10 10 20 13 12 14 19.3 14 13

Compression-set (ISO 815 method A)

Test time (hours) 22 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 22 70 70

Heat Ageing (ISO

Test time (hours) 70 70 70 70 20 70 70 70 70 – –

Hardness change °IRHD 6 4 14 12 -2 4 5 5 4 – –

Polyether ether ketone Polyphenylenesulfide

n PTFE-filled PEEK offers a reduced coefficient of friction.

n Graphite-filled PEEK reduces the friction of the

Combinations of some of the above are also often used to offer

Standard ERIKS Thermoplastic Grades

Material Reference Description Application

E400 Virgin Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Static, Low duty cycles