Name : ……………………………………………………………

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Roll No. : …………………………………………………………
Invigilator's Signature : ………………………………………..
CS/B.Tech(TT)/SEM-5/TT-504/2009-10
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2009
TEXTILE TESTING & INSTRUMENTS – II
Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks : 70
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The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
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as far as practicable.

GROUP – A
( Multiple Choice Type Questions )

1. Choose the correct alternatives of the following : 10 × 1 = 10

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i) Which of the following tensile testing machines is free

from inertia and frictional error ?

a) Pendulum lever type machine

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b) Ballistic type tester

c) Electronic dynamometer

d) Inclined plane type tester.

ut .

ii) The unit of toughness of textile fabric is expressed in

terms of

a) unit of strain%
a c.

b) unit of breaking load

c) unit of specific strength

d) unit of breaking length.

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iii) In Grab method of tensile testing ( as per BS standard ),

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the ratio of jaw width to specimen width is
1
a) greater than 1 b) equal to 2

1 1
c) less than d) equal to .
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2 4

iv) The bursting strength of a fabric would be highest in

which of the following cases ?
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a) The constituent yarns having higher strength,
lower extensibility and higher crimp%
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b) The constituent yarns having lower strength,

higher extensibility and higher crimp%

c) The constituent yarns having lower strength,

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higher extensibility and lower crimp%

d) The constituent yarns having higher strength,

lower extensibility and lower crimp%.
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v) Tearing resistance of a fabric increases if

a) looseness of the constituent yarns in the fabric

increases
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b) no. of interlacement between the constituent yarns

of the fabric increases
a c.

c) compactness of the constituent yarns in the fabric

decreases

d) crimp% of the constituent yarns increases.

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vi) Drape coefficient varies between

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a) 30 - 90% b) 25 - 50%

c) 40 - 60% d) 10 - 20%.

vii) Degree of flattening of fabric is always

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a) >1 b) <1

c) ≥1 d) ≤ 1.
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viii) The mean warp thread length of 20 cm test strip is 21·2
cm. The take-up% is
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a) 6% b) 5·66%

c) 6·66% d) 5%.

ix) Total crease recovery angle is

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a) 180° b) 90°.

x) Knowledge of air permeability is not useful in case of

a) parachute fabric b) sail cloth

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c) filter fabric d) curtain fabric.

GROUP – B
( Short Answer Type Questions )
Answer any three of the following. 3 × 5 = 15
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2. a) What is fabric assistance ? 2

b) A cotton fabric having N ends/cm is subjected to normal

a c.

strip testing in warp way direction. If the warp way strip

strength and single warp strip strength are found to be
W and S respectively, show that the ratio between W
and S should be greater than 5N. 3
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3. a) Name the principle of loading mechanism involved in

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the following tensile testers

i) The Chembridge Extensometer

ii) The Avery Tester. 1

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b) What is repeatability and reproducibility of testing ? 4

4. Calculate the minimum thickness of the fabric to withstand

the wind velocity of 0·15 m/s.
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5. a) Define thermal resistance. 2

b) Prove that thermal resistance values of fabrics in an

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assembly are additive. 3

6. a) Define cover factor. 1

b) Calculate the cover factor of plain woven cotton fabric

having following particulars.
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Warp count = 20 tex, Weft count = 35 tex,

Ends/cm = 28 and Picks/cm = 25. 4

7. a) Define air permeability and sectional permeability of a

fabric. 2
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b) What are the factors that influence the air permeability

of a fabric ? 3
GROUP – C
( Long Answer Type Questions )
ut .

Answer any three of the following. 3 × 15 = 45

8. a) In a diaphragm bursting tester, a fabric specimen of

diameter D fails when it bulges to reach at a height H. If
a c.

the bulging is assumed to form a shape of spherical cap

and S be the extended specimen diameter, prove that S
= 4 r tan – 1 ( 2 H/D ) . [ r = radius of the sphere ] 6
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b) Give example of two industrial textiles where high

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tearing resistance is important. Also identify one or two
textile applications where low tearing strength is
preferred. 3
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c) Why is ballistic type of tear test preferred than the tear
test performed in C.R.E. type of tensile tester ? Discuss
the expression of results for both types of tearing tests.3 + 3
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9. a) Deduce the relationship between the ‘machine rate of
loading’ and ‘time rate of loading’ of a pendulum type
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fabric tensile tester based on CRT principle. What are
the hypotheses in this deduction ? What is the machine
capacity ( µ 0 ) of the above types of machine ?

6+2+2
er.

b) In above type of testing machine, the following data was

given for a normal strip test of specimen :

Weight of pendulum = 10 kg
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Suspended length of pendulum = 1 metre

Diameter of small pulley attached with the upper

jaw = 5 cm
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Breaking load of a fabric specimen = 25% of the

machine capacity

Extension at break of fabric specimen = 10%

a c.

Traverse rate of lower jaw = 12·5 cm/min

Find out the time to break the specimen. 5

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10. a) In worsted fabrics, it is desirable to test higher no. of

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sample in weft direction than warp direction for getting
the desired confidence interval. Explain why. 3

b) Calculate the number of warp way and weft way

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samples needed to the strength test to get 3%
confidence interval. 3
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c) Which type of bursting strength would be done in
Instron Tensile tester ? Describe the principle and unit
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of measurement of the above. 1+5

d) A fabric specimen was subjected to tensile strength and

gave 10 kg load when the time to break was 10 sec.
Estimate the breaking load if the time to break the
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specimen is 1 sec. 3

11. a) Why does shear stress vs shear strain curve of a fabric

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show hysteresis effect ? 2

b) Explain why the fabric should put under tension, while

measuring shear deformation. 2
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c) What is formability of a fabric and how is it related with

bending rigidity ? 4

d) The shear force applied to a woven fabric is 35 N/m to

a c.

make a shear angle of 15°. Calculate the bias Young's

modulus ( E 45 ) and bias extension when Young

moduli in warp and weft directions are high. 7

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12. a) Define drape of a fabric. 2

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b) Derive the expression for bending length, bending
modulus and flexural rigidity by using cantilever
principle. 6
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c) Name the quantities that are used as a measure of the
stiffness of fabrics. 4
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d) Projected area of a 45 cm diameter fabric placed on
30 cm anvil is 600 cm 2 . Calculate the drape coefficient
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of the fabric. 3

13. a) Explain the mechanism of creasing on the basis of

neutral plane of deformation. 4

b) How do the twist of yarn and sizing agents influence the

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crease recovery property ? 3

c) Explain why sateen fabric wrinkles less than plain

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woven fabric. 2

d) What are the fabric factors the influence the abrasion

resistance property ? 3
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e) Explain why a fabric totally impermeable to air and

water can be permeable to water vapour. 3
a c.
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