Anshuman

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
9 BRD AF PUNE
TO PREPARE THE PIGMENTS AND

POSTER PAINTS
ANSHUMAN SINGH
XII A
12118
2022-2023
MISS RAJESHWARI MA’AM
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA 9 BRD AF PUNE

INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRINCIPLE
3. AIM
4. MATERIAL REQUIRED
5. PROCEDURE
6. CONCLUSION
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
A pigment is a material that changes the
colour of reflected or transmitted light as
the result of wavelength-selective
absorption. This physical process differs
from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and
other forms of luminescence, in which a
material emits light.
Many materials selectively absorb certain
wavelengths of light. Materials that
humans have chosen and developed for
use as pigments usually have special
properties that make them ideal for
colouring other materials. A pigment must
have a high tinting strength relative to the
materials it colours. It must be stable in
solid form at ambient temperatures.
For industrial applications, as well as in the
arts, permanence and stability are
desirable properties. Pigments that are not
permanent are called fugitive. Fugitive
pigments fade over time, or with exposure
to light, while some eventually blacken.
Pigments are used for colouring paint, ink,

plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food and other
materials. Most pigments used in
manufacturing and the visual arts are dry
colorants, usually ground into a fine
powder. This powder is added to a binder
(or vehicle), a relatively neutral or
colourless material that suspends the
pigment and gives the paint its adhesion. A
distinction is usually made between a
pigment, which is insoluble in its vehicle
(resulting in a suspension), and a dye,
which either is itself a liquid or is soluble in
its vehicle (resulting in a solution).
A colorant can act as either a pigment or a

dye depending on the vehicle involved. In
some cases, a pigment can be
manufactured from a dye by precipitating
a soluble dye with a metallic salt. The
resulting pigment is called a lake pigment.
The term biological pigment is used for all
coloured substances independent of their
solubility. Pigments appear the colours
they are because they selectively reflect
and absorb certain wavelengths of visible
light. White light is a roughly equal mixture
of the entire spectrum of visible light with
a wavelength in a range from about 375 or
400 nanometres to about 760 or 780 nm.
When this light encounters a pigment,

parts of the spectrum are absorbed by the
molecules or ions of the pigment. In
organic pigments such as diazo or
phthalocyanine compounds the light is
absorbed by the conjugated systems of
double bonds in the molecule. Some of the
inorganic pigments such as vermilion
(mercury sulphide) or Cadmium yellow
(cadmium Sulphide) absorb light by
transferring an electron from the negative
ion (S2- ) to the positive ion (Hg2+ or
Cd2+). Such compounds are designated as
charge-transfer complexes, with broad
absorption bands that subtract most of the
colours of the incident white light.
The other wavelengths or parts of the

spectrum are reflected or scattered. The
new reflected light spectrum creates the
appearance of a colour. Pigments can only
subtract wavelengths from the source
light, never add new ones.
The appearance of pigments is intimately
connected to the colour of the source light.
Sunlight has a high colour temperature,
and a fairly uniform spectrum, and is
considered a standard for white light.
Artificial light sources tend to have great
peaks in some parts of their spectrum, and
deep valleys in others. Viewed under these
conditions, pigments will appear different
colours. Colour spaces used to represent
colours numerically must specify their light
source. Lab colour measurements, unless
otherwise noted, assume that the
measurement was taken under a D65 light
source, or "Daylight 6500 K", which is
roughly the colour temperature of
sunlight.
PRINCIPLE
The principle behind the working of
pigments is related with how different
substances have the ability to selectively
absorb and reflect different light rays
corresponding to their different
wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
Pigments appear the colours they are
because they selectively reflect and absorb
certain wavelengths of visible light. White
Light is a mixture of all light rays of
wavelength 400 nm – 700 nm. When this
light encounters a pigment, parts of the
spectrum are absorbed by the different
components of the pigment. Some other
wavelengths or parts of the spectrum are
reflected and scattered.
The new reflected light spectrum creates
the appearance of a colour. When this
reflected light comes in contact with a
Human Eye, the Brain perceives the light as
the colour corresponding to its
Wavelength. Pigments, unlike fluorescent
substances can only subtract wavelengths
from the source light, and can never add
new ones.
Aim
To prepare pigments and poster paints using
various chemicals and reagents.
Material Required
1. Clear glue
2.Water
3.Potassium Chromate
4.Lead Nitrate
5.Beakers
6.Iron (III) Chloride
7.Potassium Ferrocyanide
8.Filter Paper
Chrome Yellow
Chemically known as LEAD CHROMATE
(PbCrO4) the yellow pigment is obtained as
follows: Chrome Yellow
Procedure For Analysis

1. Dissolve 7gm of Potassium Chromate in
50mL water and 10gm Lead Nitrate in 100mL
water in two separate beakers.
2. Pour the Potassium Chromate solution in
the Lead Nitrate and stir continuously.
3. Lead Chromate separates as precipitate and
is the required pigment.
4. Filter the precipitate and dry the pigment.
Reaction Involved :-
Pigments
Efficiency of Chrome Yellow
Total mass of reactants used =(Excluding the
mass of water used for dilution) =
Mass Of Paint/Pigment Obtained =
Efficiency in formation of yellow colour =
Prussian Blue
Chemically known as Complex Ferro Cyanide
(Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3).
Prussian Blue
Procedure:
1.Make A solution of 5gm of Hydrated Iron(III)
Chloride in 50mL of water.
2. Make a solution of 10gm of Potassium Ferro
Cyanide in 75mL of water.
3. Add Iron Chloride solution into Potassium
Ferro Cyanide(K4[Fe(CN)6]) solution while
stirring briskly.
4. A dark blue colour very fine powdered type
substance precipitates.
5.Filter the precipitate and wash it with water.
It takes a long time to filter this substance.
Reaction involved :
Prussian Blue
Efficiency Of Prussian Blue
Efficiency Total mass of reactants used =
(excluding mass of water used for dilution) =
Mass of Paint/Pigment obtained =
Efficiency In Formation Of Blue Pigment
Obtained is =
Conclusion
Fine poster paints were obtained using
various chemicals and reactants.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.wikipedia.com/Pigments
2. www.google.com
3. www.1000sciencefairprojects.coM
4.www.odinity.com/
synthesismalachiteverdigris/
5. www.ionicviper.org
6. www.webexhibits.org
7.www.compoundchem.com

Anshuman

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anshuman

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anshuman

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

TO PREPARE THE PIGMENTS AND

MISS RAJESHWARI MA’AM

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA 9 BRD AF PUNE

Pigments are used for colouring paint, ink,

A colorant can act as either a pigment or a

When this light encounters a pigment,

The other wavelengths or parts of the

Procedure For Analysis

You might also like