Experiment #5

Name: KATE NICOLE A.
EVIOTA Score: _______________________
Course/ section: DDM 2-C Instructor: MARY ANN B. BENLIRO
Laboratory Experiment # 5
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Objectives:
Differentiate organic compound in terms of :
1. Certain intrinsic physical properties
2. Solubility of organic compounds
3. Infrared spectra of their functional groups
Materials:
Match Test tube rack and Distilled water Litmus paper Containers
test tubes
Ethyl NaOH Evaporating dish Cyclohexane Test tube holder
Droppers Phenol
A. Physical state of organic compounds
Organic compounds are conveniently classified as different classes of
hydrocarbon derivatives based on the substituent element or group of highest priority
to the hydrocarbon. Functional groups present in an organic compound can be
determined by using infrared spectroscopy.
Table I. Physical state of organic compounds
Physical Test Compounds

State of
Organic Cyclohexane Ethanol Phenol
Compoun
ds
Condens
ed
structural
Formula
Appearan Clear Clear Orange liquid

ce liquid or liquid or or it is a
transpar transpar transparent
ent ent liquid
liquid liquid
Color Colorles Colorless LIGHT PINK-

s ORANGE
Odor Strongly Pleasant Strongly

unpleas unpleasant
ant
Observation:
Compounds respond differently to the hydrocarbons present depending on their
physical state. Its condensed structural formula has various hydrocarbon chains formed,
and its color ranges from being colorless to light pink. Its odor also varies from pleasant
to unplesant .
B. Solubility of Organic Compounds
The dissolution of organic compounds in certain solvents may involve physical or
chemical interaction. Water solubility of these compounds may differ due to their
varying polarities. Solubility in acids or bases leads to more specific information about
the compound, i.e.., as having either acidic or basic properties.
Table 2. Solubility of Organic Compound
Solubility of Test Compounds

Solvents:
Cyclohexane Ethanol Phenol
H2O Miscible Miscible Immiscible
5% NaOh Miscible Miscible Miscible
5% HCl Miscible Miscible Immiscible

solution
Reaction
with Blue
Litmus
Paper Blue to Blue to Blue to pale
purple purple pink
Reaction
with Red
Litmus
Paper Pink to pink Pink to Pink to pink
purple
Interpretatio - Cyclohexane is - Ethanol is soluble in - Phenol is not

n soluble in H2O, 5% H2O, 5% HCl soluble in H2O and
HCl solution and solution soluble and in 5% HCl solution
5% NaOH solution. 5% NaOH solution. but soluble in 5%
NaOH solution.
- The blue litmus - The blue litmus
paper became paper became - The blue litmus
purple and the red purple and the red paper turned pale
litmus paper litmus paper pink and the red
remained pink in remained pink. litmus paper
color. remained pink.
Effervescenc
e
Absent Absent Absent

Observation:
Organic molecules have varied reactions to different solvents depending on how soluble
they are. Thereby phenol is immiscible in water, cyclohexane and ethanol are miscible.
While phenol is immiscible in the HCI solution, cyclohexane and ethanol were miscible
in the HCl solution. The reactions of cyclohexane, ethanol, and phenol with the litmus
paper are blue to gray, blue to white, and blue to orange, respectively. Although phenol
is miscible in the NaOH solution, cyclohexane and ethanol were not. There is no
effervescence in cyclohexane, ethanol, or phenol.
C. Ignition Test
Ignition of the organic compound brings about a chemical change. Some organic
compounds decompose and blacken(charring) while others burst into flames.
Table 3. Ignition Test
Test Compound
Cyclohexane Ethanol Phenol
Ignition Test
Flammability Flammable/ Flammable/ Incombustible

Combustible Combustible
Color Orange Blue N/A
Time, sec 15 seconds 5 seconds 0 seconds
Soot Formation The presence of soot is There is a presence of The presence of soot is
absent soot absent
Observation:
Since phenol is inflammable, cyclohexane and ethanol were also flammable.
During the ignition test, ethanol turns blue, and cyclohexane turns orange. While the
phenol remained unchanged. Cyclohexane ignites within 15 seconds, followed by
ethanol in 5 seconds, and the phenol doesn’t ignite.
Conclusion:
Therefore, we conclude that depending on their physical state, compounds react
to hydrocarbons differently. Its color ranges from colorless to pale pink, and its
condensed structural formula forms a variety of hydrocarbon chains. Additionally, it can
have a pleasant to unpleasant odor.
The solubility of organic compounds shows that organic molecules respond to
different solvents in different ways. As a result, while cyclohexane and ethanol are
miscible in water, phenol is not. Cyclohexane and ethanol were miscible in the HCl
solution, but phenol was immiscible in the HCI solution. Cyclohexane, ethanol, and
phenol all cause the litmus paper to change color from blue to gray, white, or orange,
respectively. Cyclohexane and ethanol were not miscible in the NaOH solution, although
phenol was. There is no effervescence in cyclohexane, ethanol, or phenol.
The test on infrared spectra revealed that whereas phenol is inflammable,
cyclohexane and ethanol are both flammable. During the ignition test, ethanol turns
blue and cyclohexane turns orange. But the phenol remained unchanged. Cyclohexane
ignites in 15 seconds, ethanol in 5 seconds, and phenol doesn't.
Recommendation:
These tests are efficient for students and chemists who want to know more on
comparing organic compounds. We’ve conducted two tests for this experiment, the
solubility test and ignition test. The Solubility test, The dissolution of organic
compounds in certain solvents may involve physical or chemical interaction. Water
solubility of these compounds may differ due to their varying polarities. The ignition test
is the ignition of the organic compound that brings about a chemical change.
Conducting these test is great for comparing other organic compounds from its physical
properties and chemical properties.
I strongly recommend conducting other tests to compare organic compounds to
know it’s similarities and differences to other substances.
References:
- Laboratory Manual provided by our Instructor
MOVS.

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Name: KATE NICOLE A.

EVIOTA Score: _______________________

Course/ section: DDM 2-C Instructor: MARY ANN B. BENLIRO

Ethyl NaOH Evaporating dish Cyclohexane Test tube holder

Physical Test Compounds

Appearan Clear Clear Orange liquid

Color Colorles Colorless LIGHT PINK-

Odor Strongly Pleasant Strongly

Solubility of Test Compounds

H2O Miscible Miscible Immiscible

5% NaOh Miscible Miscible Miscible

5% HCl Miscible Miscible Immiscible

Interpretatio - Cyclohexane is - Ethanol is soluble in - Phenol is not

Absent Absent Absent

Cyclohexane Ethanol Phenol

Flammability Flammable/ Flammable/ Incombustible

Color Orange Blue N/A

Time, sec 15 seconds 5 seconds 0 seconds

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