Lab 1 (1903069)

Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

SESSIONAL REPORT
Course No. EE 2210

Experiment No. 01
Name of the Experiment. Study and demonstration of RC coupled amplifier
circuit.
Remarks
Name: THASIN MOHMMAD ZAMAN

Date of Performance 15.09.2022 Roll No: 1903069
Date of Submission 22.09.2022 Group: B1-2
Year: 2nd
Semester: 2𝑛𝑑
•
• Objectives :
i) To learn about how to identify a two-stage RC coupled amplifier circuit
and measure the dc operating voltages.
iii) To be able to know how to measure the ac voltage gains of a typical RC
coupled amplifier with and without emitter bypassing.
iv) To be able to determine the frequency response of a typical RC coupled
amplifier.
• Introduction :
If two amplifier are coupled ( connected ) in such a way that the output signal of
the first amplifier becomes the input signal for the second, the amplifiers are said
to be connected in cascade. The voltage gain of a cascaded voltage amplifier is
equal to the loaded gain of the first stage times the loaded gain of the second
stage. Amplifiers are operated in cascade to increase the gains possible with
single- stage amplified.
There are three basic methods which are used to couple transistor stages:
(1) Resistance-capacitance (RC) 2) transformer 3) direct coupling. The
frequency response of an RC coupled stage is normally greater than that of a
transformer coupled stage.
The gain of an amplifier is not the same for all input signal frequencies . The way
in which the gain varies with frequency is called the frequency response . The
bandwidth of an amplifier is the range of signal frequencies over which the
amplifier gain is relatively constant or flat .
The use of RC coupling is particularly desirable in low level, low-noise audio
amplifier stages to minimize pickup from stray magnetic field. The frequency
response of an RC coupled amplifier is normally (has a wide bandwidth) than
that of a transformer coupled stage because there is phase reversal in each stage.
The output of a two- stage RC coupled amplifier is in-phase with the input
because the reversal cancel each other.
• Apparatus required :
Table – 1.1 : List of required apparatus
S.L. Name of the Ratings Quantity
No. apparatus
1 Function generator 220𝑉, 50Ω, 1𝑀𝐻𝑧
2 DC power supply (0 − 30)𝑉, 5𝐴
3 Oscilloscope (0 − 220)𝑉, 50𝐻𝑧, 15𝑝𝐹,
1𝑀Ω, 30𝑊
4 Multimeter (0 − 1000)𝑉 𝐷𝐶, 1
(0 − 750)𝑉 𝐴𝐶,
(0 − 25)𝑚𝐴,
(0 − ∞)Ω
5 Transistor 𝑁𝑃𝑁, 𝐵𝐶547 2
6 Resistor 150𝑘Ω, 20𝑘Ω, 10𝑘Ω, 1𝑘Ω 9
7 Capacitor 10𝜇𝐹, 22𝜇𝐹, 47𝜇𝐹 5
8 Electric Probes 100𝑀𝐻𝑧, 600𝑉 1
9 Breadboard - 1
10 Connecting wires - as required
• Experimental setup :
Fig – 1.1 : Experimental setup for RC coupled amplifier.

• Experimental data :
•
Biasing check:
For 1st Transistor,
VB1= 1.4v
VE1 = 1v
VC1= 18v
So VBE1= 1.4v-1v = 0.4v <0.7v
For 2nd Transistor,
VB2= 1.4v
VE2 = 1v
VC2= 18v
So VBE2= 1.4v-1v = 0.4v <0.7v.
So, it can be said that biasing is correct.
Stage 1 : Input voltage, 𝑒i = 104 𝑚𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘

First stage output, 𝑒𝑐1 = 404𝑚𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘
𝑒𝑐1 404
First stage gain, 𝐴𝑉1 = = = 3.88
𝑒𝑖 104
Stage 2 : Input voltage, 𝑒𝐵2 = 404𝑚𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘

Second stage output, 𝑒𝑜 = 3.92𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘
𝑒𝑜 3.92
Second stage gain, 𝐴v2= = =9.7
𝑒𝐵2 0.404
∴ 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝐴v = 𝐴v1 × 𝐴v2 = 3.88 ×9.7= 37.636

𝑒𝑜 3.92
Or, 𝐴v= = =37.636
𝑒𝑖 0.104
Now, connecting the load,

Output voltage, 𝑒𝑜 = 2.7𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘
𝑒𝑜 2.7
Overall voltage gain, 𝐴𝑉 = = = 25.96
𝑒𝑖 0.104
∴ Voltage gain with load is lesser than the voltage gain with load.
Again, connecting the bypass capacitor,

Input voltage, 𝑒i = 104 𝑚𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘
Output voltage, 𝑒𝑜 = 20.3𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘
𝑒𝑜 20.3
Overall voltage gain, 𝐴𝑉 = = =195.19
𝑒𝑖 0.104
∴ Voltage gain with bypass capacitor is very higher than the voltage gain without
bypassing.
Now, removing the bypass capacitor,

Frequency response of the circuit is shown below :
Table – 1.2 : Frequency response data table
Frequency (Hz) Output (V pk-pk)
20 3.94
50 4.02
100 4.45
300 4.88
1K 4.88
3K 4.88
5K 4.89
10K 4.87
20K 4.48
50K 4.00
100K 3.53
Graph:
•
50
Overall Gain vS Frequency
48
46
44
42
Overall Gain
40
38
36
34
32
30
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency(Hz)
• Result and discussion :

From this experiment, we gathered knowledge about the RC coupling
amplifier circuit and demonstrated the operation of the amplifier. During the
circuit was without load, the voltage gain we measured was high. But after
connecting the load, the amplification we got was low. Without load, the
amplification was 37.636, then with load, the gain dropped to 25.96. Then
adding bypass capacitor parallel to the emitter resistor of the second stage
circuit, the voltage gain boosted up to 195.19. This is because the reactance
of the parallel capacitor makes the overall impedance of the emitter terminal
low and higher voltage gain is achieved. The higher the value of capacitance,
the higher gain is achieved. But here comes a disadvantage, using bypass
capacitor causes the voltage peak to cut off and reducing the actual
amplitude. The frequency response of the circuit shows that the amplitude
stays the same between 300Hz to 10KHz. Frequency outside this range
causes the output voltage drop.
• Conclusion :
From this experiment, we’ve demonstrated the RC coupling amplifier circuit.
We’ve seen that this amplifier circuit provide us a wide range of frequency response
which is the hearing range for human beings. So this amplifier circuit is widely used
in audio applications.

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Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Course No. EE 2210

Name: THASIN MOHMMAD ZAMAN

Fig – 1.1 : Experimental setup for RC coupled amplifier.

Stage 1 : Input voltage, 𝑒i = 104 𝑚𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘

Stage 2 : Input voltage, 𝑒𝐵2 = 404𝑚𝑉 𝑝𝑘 − 𝑝𝑘

∴ 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝐴v = 𝐴v1 × 𝐴v2 = 3.88 ×9.7= 37.636

Now, connecting the load,

Again, connecting the bypass capacitor,

Now, removing the bypass capacitor,

• Result and discussion :

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