Coordinates: 51°41′N 5°18′E

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)
ˈbɔs] ( listen)), colloquially known as Den Bosch 's-Hertogenbosch
(pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ( listen)), is a city and Den Bosch
municipality in the Netherlands with a population of
157,486. It is the capital of the province of North City and municipality
Brabant and its fourth largest by population. The city is
south of the Maas river and near the Waal; it is to the
north east of the city of Tilburg, north west of
Eindhoven, south west of Nijmegen, and a longer
distance south of Utrecht and south east of Dordrecht.

Contents
History
Eighty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
Louis XIV to Bonaparte
Kingdom of the Netherlands
World War II and after
Geography
Population centres
Climate
Economy
Culture
Museums From top down, left to right: view over the city
Carnival celebrations centre, the city seen from the Bossche Brook,
Binnendieze canals, Dragon Fountain,
Attractions Hieronymus Bosch, North Brabant Museum,
The city center St. John's Cathedral, city hall of 's-
The fortifications Hertogenbosch
Nature
Miscellaneous
Sport
Transport Flag Coat of arms
Education
Religion
Notable residents
Public thinking and public service
Science and business
The arts
Sport
Location in North Brabant
References and notes
 Literature
External links

History
The city's official name is a contraction of the (archaic)
Dutch des Hertogen bosch [dɛs ˈɦɛrtoːɣə(m) ˈbɔs] —
"the forest of the duke". The duke in question was 's-
Hertogenbosch
Henry I of Brabant, whose family had owned a large
estate at nearby Orthen for at least four centuries. He
founded a new town located on some forested dunes in
the middle of a marsh. At age 26, he granted 's-
Hertogenbosch city rights and the corresponding trade
privileges in 1185. This is, however, the traditional date Location within the Netherlands
given by later chroniclers; the first mention in Show map of Netherlands
contemporaneous sources is 1196. The original charter Show map of Europe
Show all
has been lost. His reason for founding the city was to
protect his own interests against encroachment from Coordinates: 51°41′N 5°18′E
Gelre and Holland; from its first days, he conceived of Country Netherlands
the city as a fortress. It was destroyed in 1203 in a joint Province North Brabant
expedition of Gelre and Holland, but was soon rebuilt.
Government[1]
Some remnants of the original city walls remain.
 • Body Municipal council
 • Mayor Jack Mikkers (VVD)
Area[2]
 • Municipality 117.81 km2
(45.49 sq mi)
's-Hertogenbosch in the 16th century  • Land 109.99 km2
(42.47 sq mi)
 • Water 7.82 km2 (3.02 sq mi)
In the late 14th century, a much larger wall was erected
to protect the greatly expanded settled area. Artificial Elevation[3] 6 m (20 ft)
waterways were dug to serve as a city moat, through Population (Municipality, May 2022; Urban
which the rivers Dommel and Aa were diverted. 's- and Metro, May 2014)[4][5][6][a]
Hertogenbosch became the birthplace and home of one  • Municipality 157,486
of the greatest painters of the northern Renaissance  • Density 1,402/km2
period, Hieronymus Bosch. The town suffered a (3,630/sq mi)
catastrophic fire in 1463, which the then  • Urban 169,714
(approximately) 13-year-old Bosch probably witnessed;  • Metro 198,000
presumably, this fire provided inspiration for the fiery  • Metro region 355,230
hell-scapes that would later make Bosch famous.  • Brabant 1,932,055
CMSA
Until 1520, the city flourished, becoming the second Demonym Bosschenaar
largest population centre in the territory of the present Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
Netherlands, after Utrecht. The city was also a center of
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
music, and composers, such as Jheronimus Clibano,
received their training at its churches. Others held Postcode 5200–5249
positions there: Matthaeus Pipelare was musical Area code 073
director at the Confraternity of Our Lady; and Website s-hertogenbosch.nl (htt
renowned Habsburg copyist and composer Pierre p://s-hertogenbosch.nl)
Alamire did much of his work at 's-Hertogenbosch.
Eighty Years' War

The wars of the Reformation changed the course of the

city's history. It became an independent bishopric.
During the Eighty Years' War, the city took the side of
the Habsburg (Catholic) authorities and thwarted a
Calvinist coup. It was besieged several times by Prince Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap

Maurice of Orange, stadtholder of most of the Dutch Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Republic, who wanted to bring 's-Hertogenbosch under
the rule of the rebel United Provinces. The city was successfully defended against Prince Maurice in
1601 and again in 1603,[7] but the city eventually fell in the 1629 siege led by Frederick Henry.[8]

Thirty Years' War

Historical population In the years of Truce, before the renewed fighting after 1618,
Year Pop. ±% p.a. the fortifications were greatly expanded. The surrounding
1374 14,526 —     marshes made a siege of the conventional type impossible, and
1438 12,973 −0.18% the fortress, deemed impregnable, was nicknamed the Marsh
1464 10,507 −0.81% Dragon. The town was nevertheless finally conquered by
1473 10,579 +0.08% Frederik Hendrik of Orange in 1629 in a typically Dutch
1480 13,185 +3.20% stratagem: he diverted the rivers Dommel and Aa, created a
1496 15,552 +1.04% polder by constructing a forty-kilometre dyke and then
1526 18,571 +0.59% pumped out the water by mills. After a siege of three months,
1560 17,500 −0.17% the city had to surrender—an enormous blow to Habsburg
geo-political strategy during the Thirty Years' War. This
1600 18,000 +0.07%
surrender cut the town off from the rest of the duchy and the
1665 9,000 −1.06%
area was treated by the Republic as an occupation zone
1747 12,574 +0.41% without political liberties (see also Generality Lands).
1795 12,841 +0.04%
Source: Lourens & Lucassen 1997,
pp. 45–46
Louis XIV to Bonaparte

After the Peace of Westphalia, the fortifications were again expanded. In 1672, the Dutch
rampjaar, the city held against the army of Louis XIV of France. In 1794 French revolutionary
troops under the command of Charles Pichegru attacked the city. It was only weakly defended, and
fell after a short siege. Pichegru then crossed the rivers and put an end to the Dutch Republic.

In the Batavian Republic, that was established in 1795, both Catholics and Brabanders at last
gained equal rights. From 1806, the city became part of the Kingdom of Holland and from 1810, it
was incorporated into the First French Empire. It was captured by the Prussians in 1814.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

The next year, 1815, when the United Kingdom of the Netherlands was established, it became the
capital of North Brabant. Many newer and more modern fortresses were created in the vicinity of
the city. A new canal was built, the 'Zuid-Willemsvaart', which gave the city an economic impulse.
Trade, manufacturing and industry grew. Until 1878, it was forbidden to build outside the
ramparts. That led to overcrowding and the highest infant mortality in the kingdom.

At the end of the 19th century, the very conservative city government prevented industrial
investment to avoid an increase in the number of workers and the establishment of educational
institutions: students were regarded as disorderly. As a result, the relative importance of the city
diminished.
World War II and after

One of the few official Nazi concentration camp complexes in Western

Europe outside Germany and Austria was named after 's-
Hertogenbosch. It operated from January 1943, to September 1944
and was known to the Germans as Herzogenbusch (see List of
subcamps of Herzogenbusch). About 30,000 inmates were interned in
the complex during this time, of whom about 12,000 were Jews. In the
Netherlands, this camp is known as 'Kamp Vught', because the
concentration camp was actually located at a heath near Vught, a
village a few kilometres south of 's-Hertogenbosch.

It was conquered by the Germans in World War II in 1940 and

occupied by them for over four years. The allies struck back—the De Moriaan
railway station was bombed by planes of the Royal Air Force on 16
September 1944. The city was liberated between 24 and 27  October
1944  during Operation Pheasant by British soldiers of Major-General Robert Knox Ross's 53rd
(Welsh) Infantry Division after Major Donald Bremner of the 1st Battalion, East Lancashire
Regiment, of 158th Infantry Brigade, had already routed the enemy on 23–24 October.[9]

After the war, 's-Hertogenbosch was modernized, like many other cities in the Netherlands. It was
probably only geography that shielded the old town from rigorous reconstruction in those early
years. Just in time, the pendulum swung over to protecting the history of the city. In 1956, the
council wanted to demolish the Moriaan, the oldest brick building in the Netherlands, to give
traffic better access to the market square. The permit was refused by the government and instead
the building was restored, starting in 1963. Later, city councils became much more aware of the
value of historic buildings and from about the turn of the millennium, the historic fortifications are
also given much attention by the authorities.

Geography

Population centres

The population centres in the municipality are: Bokhoven,

Crevecoeur, Deuteren (former village), Dieskant, Empel,
Engelen, Gewande, 's-Hertogenbosch, Hintham, Kruisstraat,
Maliskamp, Meerwijk, Orthen (former village), Oud-Empel,
and Rosmalen.

Dutch Topographic map of 's-

Climate Hertogenbosch, as of March 2014

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and

lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this
climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[10]
 Climate data for Gemert-Bakel

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average high 4
4
9
13
18
21
22
22
19
14
8
6
13

°C (°F) (39) (39) (49) (56) (64) (69) (72) (71) (66) (57) (47) (43) (56)

Average low −1
−2
2
4
7
10
13
12
10
7
3
2
6

°C (°F) (31) (29) (35) (39) (45) (50) (55) (54) (50) (44) (38) (36) (42)

Average
69
51
79
30
48
58
89
81
71
51
48
61
730

precipitation
(2.7) (2) (3.1) (1.2) (1.9) (2.3) (3.5) (3.2) (2.8) (2) (1.9) (2.4) (28.9)
mm (inches)

Average
precipitation 8.8 6.3 5.8 4 6 6.7 7.8 8.7 8.2 7 5.4 8.8 83.5
days

Source: Weatherbase[11]

Economy
The city of 's-Hertogenbosch has become a center of industry, education, administration and
culture. It is currently the fourth city of North Brabant. It is home to many national and
international businesses such as Heineken, Epic, Tyco International, SAP and many others. The
Jeroen Bosch Hospital is the biggest employer in the area, with over 4,000 employees.[12]

Culture
's-Hertogenbosch is home to a variety of events such as the theatre
festival Boulevard, Jazz in Duketown, and hip hop in duketown, the
start of the Tour de France (1996), Tour Feminin (1997), the
International Vocal Competition, November Music (a contemporary
music festival) and the UNICEF Open (formerly the Ordina Open)
grass court tennis tournament (in the nearby town of Rosmalen).
There are also over 350 restaurants, pubs and cafés to be found in the
city.

's-Hertogenbosch is also home to the European Ceramic Work Centre.

This is a juried international ceramic residency where they invite
artists, designers and architects from around to the world to explore
the medium of Ceramics. This program was initially started in 1991
and continues to this day. Typical street in 's-
Hertogenbosch
The city has its own food speciality, the Bossche Bol — effectively a
giant profiterole, somewhat larger than a tennis ball, which is filled
with whipped cream and coated with chocolate.

The spoken language is Maaslands (the variant spoken in 's-Hertogenbosch is called Bosch which is
placed among the Central North Brabantian dialects, although other classification systems also
describe it as East Brabantian), which is very similar to colloquial Dutch.[13]

De Toonzaal is a music venue for chamber music, improvised music, and experimental music. For
popular music there is the venue W2 (or Willem II).

Museums
The Noordbrabants Museum is a provincial museum with an overview of works that Vincent van
Gogh made in Brabant. The Design Museum Den Bosch is a modern art museum. The Jheronimus
Bosch Art Center, is dedicated to the work of Hieronymus Bosch. Other museums include the Swan
Brothers' House and Museum Slager. Also the National (Dutch) Carnavalsmuseum Oeteldonks
gemintemuzejum is located in the city. In the near future a new museum will be opened about the
fortresses of the town and in general in Europe. The house where the famous painter Hieronymus
produced his paintings can be visited on the market square.

Carnival celebrations

's-Hertogenbosch has a strong carnival tradition. In its current

form the story and symbolism dates from 1881 to 1883. In these
years some citizens created the legend of "Oeteldonk", whereby
the city was renamed to Oeteldonk for the three day carnival.
"Donk" is a reference to a dry place in the marsh. The frog is
widely used as a symbol during the 's-Hertogenbosch Carnival.
It's also a symbol of the Oeteldonk marsh.[14] It was also a
remark aimed at Bishop Godschalk from Den Dungen, where
'Van den Oetelaar' was a common family name. He had wanted Mayor Ton Rombouts, the Mayor of
to forbid the traditional festivities of Shrove Tuesday that often Oeteldonk, and the prince at City
led to excesses. Hall in 2007

Oeteldonk is a village and therefore every inhabitant is a farmer

or a 'durske' (a girl or young woman), eliminating class differences.[15] The village is headed by the
Mayor "Peer vaan den Muggenheuvel tot den Bobberd". Each year the mayor of 's-Hertogenbosch
hands over his authority to the Mayor of Oeteldonk. On Sunday at 11:11 AM the Mayor of
Oeteldonk then receives Prince Carnaval "Prince Amadeiro XXVI" at Oeteldonk central station.
From there a parade of all carnival clubs escorts the company to the town hall.

The citizens of 's-Hertogenbosch wear traditional outfits throughout these days. A so-called
boerenkiel is worn and every year patches are designed according to that years theme which can
then be stitched onto the outfit. The boerenkiel is often combined with a traditional farmers
bandana and a long scarf in the colors of Oeteldonk. The tradition of the Boerenkiel and / or
Bandana is very different from the carnival traditions in the rest of the Netherlands. Other aspects
like the parade, the temporary name and the temporary flag (for Oeteldonk red, white and yellow)
are very similar.

Attractions
's-Hertogenbosch was founded as a fortified city and that
heritage can still be seen today. After World War II, plans were
made to modernise the old city, by filling in the canals,
removing or modifying some ramparts and redeveloping
historic neighbourhoods. Before these plans could come to
effect, however, the central government declared the city a
protected townscape. Most historic elements have been
preserved. In contrast to cities like Rotterdam, 's-
Hertogenbosch also survived the Second World War relatively
unscathed. Much of its historic heritage remains intact, and Saint John's Cathedral
today there are always renovations going on in the city to
preserve the many old buildings, fortifications, churches and
statues for later generations.
The city center

The city center has a cosy

atmosphere because of the
almost continuous
ramparts that still surround
it. It has been molded by
the multiple rivers that
convene on 's-
Hertogenbosch, giving the
center its strange street Market square
City Hall of 's-Hertogenbosch
plan so different from the
usual grid plan where
streets meet at right angles. The center is dominated by Saint John's Cathedral (Sint Jans
kathedraal in Dutch), which dates from c. 1220 and is best known for its Brabantine Gothic design
and the many sculptures of craftsmen that are sitting on almost every arc and rim along the outside
of the cathedral. In 2010 an extensive restoration was completed, undoing the damage of many
years of wear-and-tear and acid rain.

On the central square is the oldest remaining brick house of the Netherlands, 'de Moriaan',[16]
which was built at the beginning of the 13th century. In the 1960s, de Moriaan was renovated to its
former glory based on a famous 16th-century Dutch painting called 'De Lakenmarkt van 's-
Hertogenbosch' ('The fabric market of 's-Hertogenbosch').[17] The town hall is an original 14th-
century Gothic building. After the town was conquered by the Dutch Republic in 1629, it received a
new facade in the style of Dutch Baroque architecture. It showcased the authority of the new
masters, just like the new town hall in Maastricht would.

Hidden below the old city is a canal network called the Binnendieze, which once spanned 22  km
(14 mi). It started out as a regular river, the Dommel, running through the city in medieval times.
Due to a lack of space in the city, people started building their houses and roads over the river.
Later, the Binnendieze functioned as a sewer and fell into disrepair. In recent decades, the
remaining sixth part of the old waterway system has been renovated, and it is possible to take
several guided subterranean boat trips through it.

The fortifications

's-Hertogenbosch has an
extensive and almost
complete fifteenth-to-
seventeenth-century city Citadel of 's-Hertogenbosch
fortification. It was made to
profit from the city's strong
defensive position, lying on a sandy hill in the center of a large
swamp fed by many rivers. This also caused that the main
ramparts were preserved, because they were crucial in keeping
City rampart
out the water. In 2004 the city was awarded the title European
Fortress City of the year. In the years that followed it restored
many of the city defenses to much of their old glory.

Apart from small sections of medieval walls, the main structure of the fortification is a late-
medieval (fifteenth-century) wall. The upper sections were removed when cannon became more
powerful, and polygonal bastions were added, some after the conquest by the republic. Most of
these have not been restored to their original height, but do
maintain their brick walls. The citadel in the north west of the
city does retain its original height. Around the city itself many
other fortresses can still be seen.

In the north east of the old city, the hexagonal gunpowder

magazine, called Kruithuis[18] is located close to the citadel. It
is one of only a handful that still exist in the Netherlands, and
was built when the city was still part of the Spanish
Netherlands. It is planned to become the museum of fortress 's- Boze Griet, a forged cannon from
Hertogenbosch. One of the bastions of the fortress now houses 1510 in the Bastionder
the mini museum Bastionder. It has been dug out in a bastion
of the south side. On the inside it shows a unique wrought iron
cannon, and an older bastion that was walled in by the current one.

Nature

On the south side of the city, the city center and walls still
border the Bossche Broek, an old polder that could never be
made dry. In 1995 the dyke of the Dommel broke and an
enormous amount of water entered the polder. It also flooded
and blocked the main Dutch highway A2. In order to prevent
this in the future, the area was rearranged to store excess water
in case of emergencies. In 2006 the area had been furnished
with higher dikes and locks that allowed a controlled flooding
View on the St. Jan from Bossche
of the polder and some adjacent areas in case of emergency.
Broek

The Bossche Broek is now a 22-hectare (54-acre) nature

reserve, that stretches all the way to Vught. It is connected to
the Moerputten and Vlijmens Ven, with which it forms a Natura 2000 area. Rare species in the
area are the scarce large blue and the European weather loach. The Moerputten sports the
Moerputten Bridge, a 600 m long nineteenth century railway bridge and engineering feat.
However, what is really unique about the area is its close proximity to the city center.

Miscellaneous

The city is also the location of the Bolwoningen complex, an array of fifty experimental spherical
houses designed by Dries Kreijkamp.[19]

The Lutheran Church, 's-Hertogenbosch is no longer used as a church.

Sport
The city has one professional football club, FC Den Bosch. It is the 1967 successor of the
professional branches of BVV (Bossche Voetbal Vereniging) and Wilhelmina. Both of them still
exist as amateur football clubs. As a successor of BVV FC Den Bosch can claim the national
championship of 1948. This championship led to the construction of stadium De Vliert, which at
one time had a capacity of 30,000. Due to the less successful years that followed, the capacity is
now only 8,500 visitors. FC Den Bosch was the first club of Dutch international player Ruud van
Nistelrooy.
's-Hertogenbosch is more successful in field hockey. It is home to top club HC Den Bosch. The
women's team in particular is a dominant force in the Dutch field hockey competition. The
professional basketball club New Heroes Den Bosch is also very successful. The city's rugby club is
called The Dukes and dates from 1974. It is located at a very scenic location at the foot of the city
walls. Because of the limited space, the club plays on artificial turf and part of the accommodation
is subterranean. The Dukes has the most junior members. It became the national rugby champion
in 2008.[20]

As regards events the city is host to the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, a combined ATP
Tour and WTA Tour grass court tennis event played two weeks before the Wimbledon
Championships. The World Archery Championships and World Para Archery Championship were
held here in June 2019. During these combined World Championships two separate venues were
used: the Parade and the rugby fields of The Dukes. All finals took place in the arena at the Parade.
The Parade is a historic square surrounded by high trees, situated at the foot of the nearly seven-
hundred-year-old Saint John's Cathedral in the attractive center of 's-Hertogenbosch.

Transport
The Zuid-Willemsvaart runs from the Meuse just north of the
city towards Maastricht via Helmond and Weert. In 's-
Hertogenbosch it runs through the city proper, south east from
where a bastion has been cut off from the citadel. Because of
this route it was impossible to widen it further than for ships of
CEMT class II. Therefore, the Máxima Canal of 8  km was dug
just east of the city, creating a shortcut from the canal to the
Meuse suitable for ships of CEMT class IV. On the remaining
part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart west of the city is the industrial
harbor of 's-Hertogenbosch. A marina is located in the center. 's-Hertogenbosch railway station

's-Hertogenbosch is situated on the busy A2 motorway, the

most important north–south connection of the Netherlands. This connection was established with
the opening of the Dieze Bridge in 1942. From 1961 the Utrecht-'s-Hertogenbosch section was 2
times 2 lanes. In 1970 the A2 was rerouted to the east of the city. In 1989 it finally became a
controlled-access highway. In 1996 the section between 's-Hertogenbosch and Eindhoven became a
controlled-access highway. The situation in Maastricht was only solved in 2016, when the Koning
Willem-Alexandertunnel was opened. On the east–west axis 's-Hertogenbosch is on the A59
motorway. The A65 motorway between 's-Hertogenbosch and Tilburg is a regional highway, but is
not completely access-controlled.

's-Hertogenbosch railway station is on the Utrecht–Boxtel part of the railway stretch between
Amsterdam and the Dutch industrial/tech center near Eindhoven. As a consequence north–south
trains depart every ten minutes. On the Tilburg–Nijmegen railway trains run on a more modest
schedule. 's-Hertogenbosch railway station is also a major station for Arriva buslines that serve the
city and most of its suburbs. Other stations within the limits of the municipality are 's-
Hertogenbosch Oost railway station and Rosmalen railway station. Vught railway station is actually
closer to the city center than that in Rosmalen.

's-Hertogenbosch has attempted to adapt to the growing popularity of the bicycle in Dutch cities. A
reasonable amount of bike paths has so far been constructed in the town. In 2011, the city was
chosen as Fietsstad 2011—the top bike city of the Netherlands for 2011. The details of the report
were less jubilant and showed that it was really a prize meant to stimulate 's-Hertogenbosch to take
further action; Hugo van der Steenhoven of the Fietsersbond: "In the past years Den Bosch has
spent much energy, ambition, creativity and money to give cycling an enormous boost. This is a
big achievement for a city where bicycle use is lower than in the rest of the Netherlands" (cyclist
union).[21]

Education
's-Hertogenbosch has multiple vocational universities called Hogeschool in Dutch. The HAS
Hogeschool of about 3,500 students is focused on agricultural and food technology. Avans
Hogeschool is located in 's-Hertogenbosch and two nearby cities. The AKV St. Joost is an art
academy that is now part of Avans and dates back to 1812.[22] Fontys Hogeschool also offers some
education in the city. The Jheronimus Academy of Data Science (JADS), located at the Mariënburg
Campus in the center of 's-Hertogenbosch, and provides a number of data science programs at
graduate (MSc) and post-graduate level (PhD).[23] It is a department of the Eindhoven University
of Technology and Tilburg University.

In secondary education the City Gymnasium is a gymnasium (school) that originated from the
Latin school of the city. It is comparable to a grammar school and can trace its origin back 1274.
The same type of education and all other types of secondary education are offered by a number of
large institutes.

Religion
Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in 's-Hertogenbosch,
with somewhat more than 40% of the population counting
themselves as belonging to it. Even so, attendance at mass is
significantly lower than 40%. Therefore, the only big church in the
city center still in use by the Catholic church is St. John's
Cathedral. Smaller churches in use by the Roman Catholic church
are: St. Anne's Church in Hintham, St. Anne's in Deuteren, St.
Lambert's in Rosmalen etc.

The Protestant religion has seen its share of believers in the city
fall from 20% to about 4%. It is based in the Great Church. The
Eastern Orthodox Church is a new church in town. It is based on
St. Catherine's Church. Religions in 's-
Hertogenbosch (2013)[24]
The Arrahma Mosque has been built by the Moroccan community.
The Turkish community has the Orhan Gazi Mosque.    No affiliation (44.8%)
   Roman Catholic (43.3%)

Notable residents    Protestant (4.1%)

   Other Christian
denominations (2.1%)
   Islam (5%)
Public thinking and public service
   Hinduism (0.3%)
Erasmus (1484–1497), priest and humanist scholar    Buddhism (0.4%)
Macropedius (1487–1558), a Dutch humanist, schoolmaster
and Latin playwright
John Slotanus (died 1560), a Dutch Roman Catholic polemical writer[25]
Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre (1591–1652), an ecclesiastical writer and abbot
Johan Bax van Herenthals (1637–1678), the governor of the Dutch Cape Colony 1676/1678
Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande (1704–1775), governor of Essequibo and Demerara[26]
 Petrus Josephus Johannus Sophia Marie van der Does de Willebois
(1843–1937), a Dutch jonkheer, politician and Mayor of 's-
Hertogenbosch
Joseph Sweens (1858–1950), an RC missionary bishop in South
Nyanza in German East Africa
Christiaan Cornelissen (1864–1942), a Dutch syndicalist writer,
economist and trade unionist
Henk Sneevliet (1883–1942), a Dutch Communist, active in both the
Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies
Frans Teulings (1891–1966), a Dutch politician and economist
Pieter Godfried Maria van Meeuwen (1899–1982), a Dutch judge and a Macropedius, 1572
politician
Jan de Quay (1901–1985), a politician and psychologist; Prime
Minister of the Netherlands 1959/1963
Bert Röling (1906–1985), a Dutch jurist and founding father of
polemology, the study of war
Louis van de Laar (1921–2004), a Dutch politician and historian
Bram Stemerdink (born 1936), a retired Dutch politician and army
officer
Don Burgers (1932–2006), a Dutch politician, mayor of 's-
Hertogenbosch from 1989 to 1996
Marco Kroon (born 1970), soldier with the Korps Commandotroepen
Jan de Quay, 1962
Matthijs van Miltenburg (born 1972), a politician, municipal councillor
2010/2014 and MEP 2014/2019

Science and business

Gerardus Mercator (ca.1520–1530), a geographer, cosmographer and
cartographer
Wilhelm de Raet (ca.1537-1583), a Dutch hydraulic engineer and
master builder, worked in Lucca
Willem 's Gravesande (1688–1742), a Dutch academic, mathematician
and natural philosopher, developed the laws of classical mechanics
Gerard Troost (1776–1850), a Dutch-American medical doctor,
naturalist and mineralogist
Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893), physiologist and writer on dietetics and
scientific materialism
Diederik Korteweg (1848–1941), a mathematician, co-wrote the Mercator, engraving
Korteweg–de Vries equation from 1739

Jacob R. H. Neervoort van de Poll (1862–1924), an entomologist

specialising in Coleoptera
Peter Reijnders (1900–1974), a photographer and film director; co-founded the theme park
Efteling
Frans de Waal (born 1948), primatologist, ethologist and academic

The arts
Hieronymus Bosch (ca.1450–1516), painter of the Early Netherlandish painting school.
Hubert Gerhard (ca.1540–1620), a Dutch sculptor
Abraham van Diepenbeeck (1596–1675), a Dutch painter of the Flemish School[27][28]
Theodoor van Thulden (1606–1669), a painter and engraver of altarpieces and portraits.
 Quirinus van Amelsfoort (1760–1820), a Dutch painter of allegories,
history and portraits
Karel Sluijterman (1863–1931), a Dutch architect, furniture designer,
interior designer, illustrator, ceramist, book binding designer and
professor
Anton Sistermans (1865–1926), a Dutch baritone, singer of lieder and
oratorios
Sophie van der Does de Willebois (1891–1961), a Dutch ceramist
Charles Bolsius (1907–1983), painter and woodworker
Jheronimus Bosch,
Willem van den Hout (1915–1985), a Dutch writer of the Bob Evers
posthumous portrait
series of children's books
from ca.1550
Jos van Veldhoven (born 1952), a Dutch choral conductor
Leon de Winter (born 1954), writer and columnist[29]
Oscar van Dillen (born 1958), a Dutch composer, conductor and instrumentalist

Sport
Henri Smulders (1863–1933), a sailor and team silver medallist at the
1900 Summer Olympics
Sjef van Run (1904–1973), a Dutch footballer, appeared 359 times for
PSV Eindhoven
Wim van Heumen (1928–1992), a field hockey coach and municipal
councillor 1970/1992
Gijs van Heumen (born 1952), a retired field hockey coach, son of Wim
Cees Schapendonk (born 1955), a former football striker with over 510
club caps
Sophie von Weiler (born 1958), a retired Dutch field hockey forward,
team gold and bronze medallist at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Gijs van Heumen,
Olympics 1986

Arnold Scholten (born 1962), a retired football midfielder with over 440
club caps
Marcel Brands (born 1962), a former professional footballer, former
Director of Football at Everton F.C.
Fred van der Hoorn (born 1963), a Dutch former footballer with over
500 club caps
Manon Bollegraf (born 1964), a former professional female tennis
player
Annemarie Verstappen (born 1965), a female former freestyle
swimmer, team silver and double bronze medallist at the 1984 Summer
Olympics
Mijntje Donners (born 1974), field hockey player, with 234 caps for the
Dutch National Women's Team, and team silver and bronze medallist
at three Summer Olympics
Anthony Lurling (born 1977), a Dutch former footballer with 587 club
caps
brothers Geert-Jan Derikx (born 1980) & Rob Derikx (born 1982), field
hockey players, team silver medallists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Henri van Opstal (born 1989), a Dutch kickboxer
Robin van Roosmalen (born 1989), a Dutch kickboxer and mixed Mijntje Donners, 2004
martial artist
 Maikel Scheffers (born 1982), wheelchair tennis player, bronze medallist at the 2008 Summer
Paralympics
Andy Souwer (born 1982), a Dutch welterweight shoot boxer and mixed martial artist
Maartje Goderie (born 1984), a Dutch field hockey player, twice team gold medallist at the 2008
and 2012 Summer Olympics
Carlien Dirkse van den Heuvel (born 1987), a Dutch field hockey player, team gold and silver
medallist at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics
Marianne Vos (born 1987), a Dutch cyclo-cross, road, track and mountain bicycle racer
Kenny van Gaalen (born 1988), a Dutch sidecarcross rider
Toon Greebe (born 1988), a Dutch darts player
Patrick van Aanholt (born 1990), a Dutch professional footballer with over 280 club caps
Michiel van der Heijden (born 1992), a Dutch mountain biker and Cyclo-Cross Rider.

References and notes

a. ‘Metropolitan region Waalboss’

Stedelijke regio streekplan Waalboss

143,733 – 's-Hertogenbosch

84,954 – Oss

46,498 – Waalwijk

43,165 – Heusden

25,638 – Vught

11,242 – Maasdonk

+ 355,230
1. "Samenstelling van het college" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181225180741/https://www.s-h
ertogenbosch.nl/college.html) [Members of the board] (in Dutch). Gemeente 's-Hertogenbosch.
Archived from the original (http://www.s-hertogenbosch.nl/samenstelling-college/) on 25
December 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
2. "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" (https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/84799N
ED/table?dl=41062) [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July
2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
3. "Postcodetool for 5211HH" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/po
stcodetool). Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from
the original (http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
4. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" (https://opendata.cbs.nl/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37230ne
d/table). StatLine. Statistics Netherlands. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
5. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; Regionale kerncijfers Nederland" (https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/C
BS/nl/dataset/70072ned/table?ts=1615235479113) [Regional core figures Netherlands]. CBS
Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
6. "De grenzeloze regio" (https://books.google.com/books?id=b2yY6YDcyvsC&pg=PP1). Sdu
uitgevers. 2007. ISBN 9789012124577. "Het BBP van BrabantStad ligt op 14.7% van het
nationale BBP. In de regio liggen Philips, de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, de Universiteit
Tilburg en de HAS Den Bosch. De regio heeft 1.4 miljoen inwoners. Er is veel R&D, ICT,
automotive, logistiek en agribusiness."
7. Coetzee, Daniel; Eysturlid, Lee W. (2013). Philosophers of War: The Evolution of History's
Greatest Military Thinkers (https://books.google.com/books?id=DW2jAQAAQBAJ). ABC-CLIO.
p. 118. ISBN 978-0-313-07033-4.
8. Knight, Charles Raleigh: Historical records of The Buffs, East Kent Regiment (3rd Foot)
formerly designated the Holland Regiment and Prince George of Denmark's Regiment. Vol I.
London, Gale & Polden, 1905, pp. 69-70 (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6338310M)
 9. "Rory Bremner salutes his East Lancashire war hero dad" (http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.u
k/leisure/tv/4725324.Rory_Bremner_salutes_his_East_Lancashire_war_hero_dad/).
Lancashire Telegraph. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150404172449/http://www.lanc
ashiretelegraph.co.uk/leisure/tv/4725324.Rory_Bremner_salutes_his_East_Lancashire_war_h
ero_dad/) from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2015-04-02.
10. Climate Summary for Gemert-Bakel (closest city on record) (http://www.weatherbase.com/weat
her/weather-summary.php3?s=57360&cityname=Gemert%2C+Netherlands&units=)
11. "Weatherbase.com" (http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=57360&cityname=
Gemert--United-States-of-America). Weatherbase. 2013.
Retrieved on June 3, 2013.
12. "Over Ons" (https://www.jeroenboschziekenhuis.nl/over-ons). Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis. 2020.
Retrieved 26 September 2020.
13. Swanenberg, Jos; Swanenberg, Cor (2002). Oost-Brabants. Taal in stad en land, 7. (in Dutch).
Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers. ISBN 9789012090100. OCLC 783055844 (https://www.worldcat.org/
oclc/783055844).
14. "Oeteldonk – Oetelpedia" (http://www.oetelpedia.nl/wiki/index.php/Oeteldonk) (in Dutch).
Oetelpedia.nl. 2010-11-17. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
15. "De stichting van Oeteldonk en de decennia daarna (1882-1945)" (https://www.oeteldonk.org/o
ver-oeteldonk/geschiedenis/1882-1945) [The foundation of Oeteldonk and the subsequent
decades] (in Dutch). Oeteldonksche Club van 1882. 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
16. Teletijd.nl: 'De Moriaan' before and after renovation (http://www.teletijd.nl/moriaan/)
17. Painting: De Lakenmarkt van 's-Hertogenbosch (https://archive.org/details/DeLakenmarktTeu2
019sHertogenboschCirca1530)
18. Teletijd.nl: Kruithuis inner court (http://www.teletijd.nl/kruithuis/)
19. "The Worlds Ugliest Buildings – AOL Real Estate" (http://realestate.aol.com/blog/gallery/the-wo
rlds-ugliest-buildings/#photo-3). Realestate.aol.com. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
20. "Geschiedenis van The Dukes" (https://www.dukesrugby.nl/). Retrieved 2021-12-09.
21. "Den Bosch fietsstad van 2011" (https://nos.nl/artikel/314111-den-bosch-fietsstad-van-2011.htm
l) ['s-Hertogenbosch bicycle city 2011] (in Dutch). NOS. 2011-11-17.
22. AKV|St.Joost (http://www.akvstjoost.nl/en) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055
337/http://www.akvstjoost.nl/en) 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 October
2016.
23. JADS (http://www.jads.nl/education1.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170313130
728/http://www.jads.nl/education1.html) 2017-03-13 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12
March 2017.
24. "Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013" (https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2014/40/kerkelijk
heid-en-kerkbezoek-2010-2013). Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
25. Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 14 (1913), John Slotanus (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholi
c_Encyclopedia_(1913)/John_Slotanus), retrieved 10 February 2020
26. David A. Granger. "Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande: Guyana's greatest governor?" (https://w
ww.stabroeknews.com/2009/06/14/features/laurens-storm-van-%e2%80%99s-gravesande-guy
ana%e2%80%99s-greatest-governor/). Stabroek News. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
27. Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 4 (1913), Abraham van Diepenbeeck (https://en.wikisource.org/
wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Abraham_van_Diepenbeeck), retrieved 10 February 2020
28. The Encyclopedia Americana, Diepenbeeck, Abraham van (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_
Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Diepenbeeck,_Abraham_van), retrieved 10 February 2020
29. IMDb Database (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0935782/) retrieved 10 February 2020

Literature
Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800.
Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN 9057420082.
External links
Official website (http://www.s-hertogenbosch.nl/)
's-Hertogenbosch travel guide from Wikivoyage

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%27s-Hertogenbosch&oldid=1122790991"

This page was last edited on 19 November 2022, at 19:26 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0;

additional terms may apply. By using
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.