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    Inverse of Matrices

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    R Nishan
    The document summarizes using the Gauss-Jordan method to find the inverse of matrices. It provides 3 examples of finding the inverse of different matrices step-by-step using Gauss-Jordan elimination. The method involves performing elementary row operations on the original matrix augmented with the identity matrix to obtain the identity matrix and the inverse of the original matrix.

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    Inverse of Matrices

    Uploaded by

    R Nishan
    28 views12 pages
    The document summarizes using the Gauss-Jordan method to find the inverse of matrices. It provides 3 examples of finding the inverse of different matrices step-by-step using Gauss-Jordan elimination. The method involves performing elementary row operations on the original matrix augmented with the identity matrix to obtain the identity matrix and the inverse of the original matrix.

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    The document summarizes using the Gauss-Jordan method to find the inverse of matrices. It provides 3 examples of finding the inverse of different matrices step-by-step using Gauss-Jordan elimination. The method involves performing elementary row operations on the original matrix augmented with the identity matrix to obtain the identity matrix and the inverse of the original matrix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views12 pages

    Inverse of Matrices

    Uploaded by

    R Nishan
    The document summarizes using the Gauss-Jordan method to find the inverse of matrices. It provides 3 examples of finding the inverse of different matrices step-by-step using Gauss-Jordan elimination. The method involves performing elementary row operations on the original matrix augmented with the identity matrix to obtain the identity matrix and the inverse of the original matrix.

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    Unit 1: Linear Algebra

    (Book: Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Jain and Iyengar, Chapter-3)

    Topic:

    Inverse of Matrices

    Learning Outcomes:

    Finding the inverse of a matrix using Gauss-Jordan Method..


    Inverse of a Matrix:
    You already know:
    Let 𝐴𝐴 be a non-singular matrix 𝐴𝐴 ≠ 0 , then Inverse of matrix 𝐴𝐴 is given
    by:

    −1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎.𝐴𝐴
    𝐴𝐴 =
    𝐴𝐴

    New: Gauss-Jordan Method

    𝑨𝑨 |𝑰𝑰 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑰𝑰 �𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏

    Where 𝐼𝐼 stands for Identity matrix.


    By Gauss-Jordan method:

    (a) If A is any non singular matrix then its inverse can be calculated

    𝐴𝐴 |𝐼𝐼 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼 �𝐴𝐴−1

    (b) Solution of system of equations AX=B can also be obtained


    𝐴𝐴 |𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼 |𝑋𝑋
    Problem 1. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the following:

    1 4
    𝐴𝐴 =
    3 2
    Solution. By Gauss-Jordan method:

    𝑨𝑨 |𝑰𝑰 = 1 4
    �
    1 0
    3 2 0 1

    𝑅𝑅2 −3𝑅𝑅1 1 4 1 0 𝑅𝑅2 /−10


    �
    0 −10 −3 1
    1 4 1 0
    �
    0 1 3/10 −1/10

    𝑅𝑅1 −4𝑅𝑅2 1 0 −2/10 4/10


    �
    0 1 3/10 −1/10

    = 𝑰𝑰 �𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏

    −𝟏𝟏 −2/10 4/10


    Hence, 𝑨𝑨 = Answer.
    3/10 −1/10
    Problem 2. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the following:

    1 1 1
    𝐴𝐴 = 1 2 3
    1 3 4
    Solution. By Gauss-Jordan method:

    1 1 1 1 0 0
    𝑨𝑨 |𝑰𝑰 = 1 2 3 �0 1 0
    1 3 4 0 0 1
    1 1 1 1 0 0 𝑅𝑅2 −𝑅𝑅1 ,𝑅𝑅3 −𝑅𝑅1 1 1 1 1 0 0
    1 2 3 �0 1 0 0 1 2 �−1 1 0
    1 3 4 0 0 1 0 2 3 −1 0 1

    𝑅𝑅3 −2𝑅𝑅2 ,𝑅𝑅1 −𝑅𝑅2 1 0 −1 2 −1 0


    0 1 2 �−1 1 0
    0 0 −1 1 −2 1

    𝑅𝑅2 +2𝑅𝑅3 ,𝑅𝑅1 −𝑅𝑅3 1 0 0 1 1 −1


    0 1 0 �1 −3 2
    0 0 −1 1 −2 1
    𝑅𝑅3 /−1 1 0 0 1 1 −1
    0 1 0 � 1 −3 2 = 𝑰𝑰 �𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏
    0 0 1 −1 2 −1

    1 1 −1
    Hence, 𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏 = 1 −3 2 Answer.
    −1 2 −1
    Problem 3. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the following:

    2 3 1
    𝐴𝐴 = 1 3 3
    0 1 2
    Solution. By Gauss-Jordan method:

    2 3 1 1 0 0 𝑅𝑅1 ↔𝑅𝑅2 1 3 3 0 1 0
    𝑨𝑨 |𝑰𝑰 = 1 3 3 �0 1 0 2 3 1 �1 0 0
    0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1
    1 3 3 0 1 0 𝑅𝑅2 −2𝑅𝑅1 1 3 3 0 1 0
    2 3 1 �1 0 0 0 −3 −5 �1 −2 0
    0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1

    𝑅𝑅2 ↔𝑅𝑅3 1 3 3 0 1 0
    0 1 2 �0 0 1
    0 −3 −5 1 −2 0

    𝑅𝑅3 +3𝑅𝑅2 ,𝑅𝑅1 −3𝑅𝑅2 1 0 −3 0 1 −3


    0 1 2 �0 0 1
    0 0 1 1 −2 3
    1 0 −3 0 1 −3
    0 1 2 �0 0 1
    0 0 1 1 −2 3

    𝑅𝑅2 −2𝑅𝑅3 ,𝑅𝑅1 +3𝑅𝑅3 1 0 0 3 −5 6


    0 1 0 �−2 4 −5 = 𝑰𝑰 �𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏
    0 0 1 1 −2 3

    3 −5 6
    Hence, 𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏 = −2 4 −5 Answer.
    1 −2 3

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