GIẢI CÁC ĐỀ SPEAKING MỚI XUẤT HIỆN

TRONG QUÝ 3/2022 (THÁNG 9 ĐẾN 12)

BY NGOCBACH
(Note: Các script mẫu này do các bạn học sinh band 8.0 của mình soạn. Mình chưa có thời
gian check hết các script. Các bạn tham khảo trước nhé. Bản final mình sẽ update sau nhé )

6. Describe a person you know who is from a different cultural background

You should say:

(Who he/she is) Since my passion for foreign languages was ignited, I have tried my best to
befriend as many people around the world as possible. So, today I’m going to talk about one of
my best pen pals, whose name is Carmen.

(Where he/she is from) Carmen was born in Spain but he started his career as a journalist in the
US after graduating from a well-known university with flying colours. Although his office is in
Boston, he rarely stays put in one city for a fortnight.

(How you knew him/her) Regarding our first rendez-vous, it was during an online gathering
which was organized by my English centre 3 years ago where he was a guest speaker. To my
surprise, I was really impressed by the way Carmen broke the ice with all the strangers in the
meeting. To be honest, I must admit that he is the kind of person who never struggles in starting
small talks with someone he meets for the first time. After the online session was over, I got in
touch with him and luckily he accepted to drop me a line whenever possible.

(And explain how you feel about him/her) Since then, I have always considered him not only
my best friend but also my mentor because I can rely on him for suggestions, aid and guidance.
What I mean is he supports me a lot when I feel under the weather or stressed at an intense school
schedule. He is also very enthusiastic when sharing with me many fascinating stories or exotic
experiences of every destination where he is embedded. This frequent correspondence allows me
to not only reduce my study-related stress as well as broaden my horizons about places I might
never set foot in.

Vocabulary

1. Befriend with (v): kết bạn với ai đó.

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Example:

Shortly after my arrival at the new school, I befriended all of my classmates.

Không lâu sau khi đến trường mới, tôi đã kết bạn được với tất cả các bạn cùng lớp.

2. Stay put (idiom): ở yên tại chỗ.

Example:

Just stay put with the suitcases while I go and find a cab.

Cứ đứng yên ở đó với chỗ hành lý trong khi tôi đi tìm một chiếc taxi.

3. Break the ice (idiom): phá tan bầu không khí ngượng ngùng.

Someone suggested that we play a game to break the ice.

Ai đó gợi ý rằng chúng ta nên chơi một trò chơi để phá tan bầu không khí ngượng ngùng.

4. Under the weather (idiom): không khỏe.

Example:

I’m feeling under the weather - I think I’m getting a cold.

Tôi cảm thấy không khỏe - tôi nghĩ mình bị cảm lạnh rồi.

5. Broaden someone’s horizons (idiom): mở rộng tầm hiểu biết.

Example:

Travelling certainly broadens your horizon

Du lịch chắc chắn sẽ mở rộng tầm hiểu biết của bạn.

Part 3

1. Where and how can we get to know people of different cultures better?

As a youngster with a desire to explore the world, I’m personally of the opinion that participating
in international camps is a convenient means to get acquainted with representatives of all cultures
around the globe. What I mean is that such camps always attract like-minded participants who are
willing to share and get acquainted with any customs however strange they are. Indeed, if fully
exploited, this friendly atmosphere will offer campers golden chances to get to know more friends
from various cultures.

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2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cultural diversity?

There is no doubt that cultural diversity has both pros and cons. On the bright side, a variety of
viewpoints in the workplace can boost creativity and drive innovation as employees with different
backgrounds can put forward out-of-the-box ideas. Additionally, a culturally diverse working
environment always requires faster adaptability, so the development of each individual in the
company will be a natural fruit. However, an inevitable side-effect of cultural diversity is
discrimination, which can pose a threat to less privileged communities. Another challenge is the
cultural barriers, language in particular, which can affect the efficiency of communication among
multicultural colleagues or friends.

3. How can traditional culture and other cultures coexist?

It has provoked a great deal of concern when it comes to the position of local cultures in the arrival
of exotic ones. From my viewpoint, they can all develop harmoniously however disparate their
characteristics are. Firstly, coexistence can be realized by being open to cooperation which is built
on shared values among communities. In addition, people of one culture should come to terms
with other beliefs as such diversity in the world gives spice to life and induces revolution of all
civilizations. In short, through mutual support and understanding, diverse cultures can always
progress in harmony.

Vocabulary

1. like-minded (adjective): có cùng quan điểm.

Example:

Membership of the club allows you to meet like-minded people.

Trở thành thành viên của câu lạc bộ giúp bạn gặp được những người cùng chung quan điểm.

2. pros and cons (idiom): ưu điểm và nhược điểm

Example:

Let’s hear all the pros and cons before we make a decision.

Hãy cùng nghe mọi ưu và nhược điểm trước khi chúng ta đưa ra quyết định.

3. put forward (phrase): đưa ra, trình bày

Example:

The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration.

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Những đề nghị bạn vừa đưa ra cần được cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng.

4. come to terms with (phrase): hiểu và chấp nhận

Example:

He made little effort to come to terms with his critics.

Anh ấy hầu như không muốn chấp nhận những lời phê bình.

7. Describe a disagreement you had with someone

You should say:

Who you had the disagreement with

Life would be tedious if everyone shared the same views on all topics. I think there is nothing
wrong with voicing disagreements, but we should try to resolve them peacefully. Many years ago,
I had a quite heated exchange with Huy, one of my friends about our future.

What the disagreement was

Huy is rather conservative and he insists that the reason why our country does not prosper is brain
drain. I, on the other hand, believe that there is a lack of opportunities in Vietnam for youngsters
and thus they rightfully can opt for foreign countries to study and start a career.

What happened

The disagreement took place when we discussed our future plans after graduating high school.
Huy told me he was planning to join the armed forces while my plan was to settle abroad as soon
as I completed my higher education. This was the moment the debate grew intense. To my surprise,
normally Huy is a placid person, but on this issue, he lost his cool. I think we had an argument for
about 1 hour. At last, we both reached a consensus on the idea that we had the right to choose what
was best for our own future.

And explain how you felt about it

That minor disagreement of course cannot spoil our friendship and we often recall it when having
chances to catch up with each other. Obviously, differences in viewpoints are inevitable, but the
way we handle them can be decisive to the quality of relationships.

Vocabulary

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1. brain drain (noun): tình trạng chảy máu chất xám

Example:

Britain has suffered a huge brain drain in recent years.

Nước Anh đang phải hứng chịu một đợt chảy máu chất xám lớn trong những năm gần đây.

2. opt for (phrase0: lựa chọn

Example:

Mike opted for early retirement.

Mike đã lựa chọn nghỉ hưu sớm.

3. lose one’s cool (idiom): mất bình tĩnh và trở nên tức giận.

Example

I lost my cool and shouted at them.

Tôi đã mất bình tĩnh và hét lên với họ.

4. catch up with (phrase): liên lạc với

Example:

She spends hours on the phone, catching up with old friends.

Cô ấy dành hàng giờ nói chuyện điện thoại để liên lạc với những người bạn cũ.

Part 3

1. What would you do if you disagree with someone?

When having disputes with anyone, instead of raising my voice to prove a point, I will often leave
and give myself some time to calm down. This makes sure that I will not get too emotional and
give offence to others.

2. How do we stop an argument from escalating into a fight?

Well, let’s face it, disagreements are an integral part of all relationships, and sometimes, things
can take a turn for a worse. Therefore, to avoid unwanted scenarios, people should always stick to
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the issue they are discussing instead of taking it personally or driving the conversation in a different
direction. It is also highly recommended that two sides agree on a pause so they can reconsider
their stand or figure out better arguments.

3. Who do you think should teach children to respect their teacher?

It is believed that family is the very first school of every child. Therefore, I am of the opinion that
parents should be in charge of tutoring their children in moral lessons like how to respect their
teachers. Indeed, such early education at home will ensure that children will put all they are taught
into practice right the moment they enter school.

4. What disagreements do parents and children usually have?

There is no doubt that the generation gap shows up when family members get older. As a result,
disagreements usually arise between parents and their children on various topics such as schooling,
lifestyle, future plan and so on. Different generations have their own set of attitudes towards
aspects of life, so it comes as no surprise that family disputes can take place on a frequent basis.

Vocabulary:

1. raising my voice (idiom): nói to, hét to

Example:

I don’t want to have to raise my voice to you again.

Tôi không muốn phải hét lên với bạn nữa.

2. give offence (phrase): xúc phạm

Example:

I don’t mean to give offence as I was just stating my opinion.

Tôi không có ý xúc phạm vì tôi chỉ muốn nêu ra quan điểm của mình thôi.

3. let’s face it (idiom): hãy chấp nhận sự thật

Example

Let’s face it. You won’t be able to achieve anything unless you work hard.

Hãy chấp nhận sự thật đi. Bạn sẽ không thể đạt được gì nếu bạn không làm việc chăm chỉ.

4. it comes as no surprise (idiom): không có gì đáng ngạc nhiên

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Example:

It came as no surprise to learn that they broke their promises.

Không có gì đáng ngạc nhiên khi biết rằng họ đã thất hứa.

8. Describe an outdoor activity you did in a new place recently

You should say:

What the activity is

I usually go out for walking in the morning every day and play some outdoor games every now
and then, but what I did last Saturday was something different. That day, I went out on my bicycle
as part of the morning exercise. When cycling past a park, I saw a group of cyclists discussing
something enthusiastically, so I came closer. After a few minutes, I found out that they were
planning to round the city in 3 hours with their bicycle and they would start that in the next 30
minutes.

Who invited you to participate in it

The team leader asked me to join them just when I were about to leave. They said it was free so I
started cycling with them through the major parts of the city.

Whether you asked for help in the activity

Cycling for the whole 3-4 hours was not as easy as I expected but that was not a problem. I tried
my best to finish the route all by myself, though other group members were willing to give me a
hand. Before the roads got crowded, we managed to come back to the park and I found that I was
dead-tired, yet completely proud of myself.

And explain what change you had in the activity

After that thrilling experience, I felt lucky to meet new friends from every walks of life with the
same hobby. I was also very impressed by the beauty of my city, which I had never had a chance
to appreciate during rush hours. This is certainly an invaluable memory and I definitely will join
the group in their future gatherings.

Vocabulary

1. every now and then (idiom): thỉnh thoảng

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Example

We still get together for lunch every now and then.

Chúng tôi sẽ thỉnh thoảng cùng nhau ăn trưa.

2. give someone a hand (idiom): giúp đỡ ai đó

Example

Could you give me a hand with these suitcases?

Bạn có thể giúp tôi cầm hành lý không?

3. dead-tired (adjective): kiệt sức

After 10 hours working in the office, he came home dead-tired.

Sau 10 tiếng làm việc ở văn phòng, anh ấy kiệt sức trở về nhà.

4. every walks of life (idiom): đủ mọi thành phần, tầng lớp

Example

Members of the gym include lawyers, teachers, plumbers, and hairdressers - people from all walks
of life.

Thành viên của phòng tập thể hình có cả luật sư, giáo viên, thợ sửa ống nước và thợ cắt tóc - những
người từ đủ thành phần, tầng lớp trong xã hội.

Part 3

1. What outdoor activities are popular in VietNam?

In my country, many people are fond of playing badminton, riding bicycles, and walking in the
mornings and afternoons. Some sports that have been adopted from other cultures are also popular,
such as basketball, especially among youngsters. One outdoor activity that is enjoyed by all
generations is volleyball. It can be adjusted in various ways to suit the players’ sex and age without
any change in the health benefits.

2. What are the differences between after-class activities done by middle and older children?

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In Vietnam, it can obviously be observed that children in each age group will partake in different
sets of activities after school although this gap is fading over time. While middle schoolers enjoy
skill-oriented experiences, their brothers and sisters are attending extra classes to pass exams with
flying colours. Nevertheless, children in big cities are now sadly under studying pressure
regardless of their age.

3. Do you think it's better for people to change jobs when there are new chances?

I am certainly in favour of job hopping whenever the timing is right. Firstly, if one employee has
outgrown his role in the company, it will be reasonable to look for more room to prosper in a new
position. Also, people switch jobs with a view to gaining valuable experience. It makes sense in
case the company they are at is not advancing in technology or size and they feel stagnant.

4. Should young people try as many new activities as possible?

From my point of view, doing new things frequently will help the young broaden their horizons,
so I am totally leaning towards this suggestion. First, trying unfamiliar things helps them gain
valuable experience, which becomes a vital preparation for adulthood. Additionally, succeeding
in something you have never done before will give you the chills that can help to ease pain and
stress.

Vocabulary

1. fond of (adjective): yêu thích

Example:

She was very fond of horses.

Cô ấy rất yêu thích những chú ngựa.

2. with flying colours (idiom): rất thành công, với thành tích cao.

Example:

They pass the university entrance exam with flying colours.

Họ đã thành công đỗ kỳ thi tuyển sinh đại học với thành tích cao.

3. job hopping (noun): nhảy việc

Example:

Many graduates view job hopping as a quick way to develop their career at the start.

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Nhiều sinh viên mới tốt nghiệp xem nhảy việc là một cách nhanh chóng để phát triển sự nghiệp
lúc sơ khởi.

4. give the chills (idiom): gây phấn khích

Example:

The ending of the movie gives me the chills whenever I think about it.

Cái kết của bộ phim làm tôi rất phấn khích mỗi khi nghĩ về nó.

10. Describe a photo you took that you are proud of

You should say:

When you took it

I am going to talk about a photo of my family that I took two years ago. This is a priceless
possession to me and I would like to keep it with me for the rest of my life.

Where you took it

I have seen it thousands of times and still, I look at it with indescribable delight. The picture
captured the memory of a very happy family when we went on holiday to My Khe beach.

What is in this photo

In the picture, my parents were smiling cheerfully. My father’s eyes were sparkling and the corners
of his eyes crinkled. To tell the truth, it was very rare to see my father’s smile as he always kept
a serious facial expression. Needless to say, my mother was standing next to him with warm
happiness glowing on her face. In the background, the sun looked like it was gradually receding
into the waters below. The sky was a blend of reds, oranges and yellows. The water below was
mirroring this effect. The scene was breathtaking.

And explain why you are proud of it

The reason I take pride in this photo is that it is the first time I have afforded a trip for my family.
My parents have devoted their whole life to my brother and me, which makes it impossible for
them to have an appropriate holiday. Therefore, as soon as I managed to save enough money, I
booked a package tour in Da Nang in the summer for the whole family. It will always be a
memorable relaxing time in our minds.

Vocabulary
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1. to tell the truth (phrase): thực sự

Example

To tell the truth, I forgot it was your birthday last week.

Thực sự, tôi đã quên tuần trước là sinh nhật của bạn.

2. needless to say (idiom): không cần phải nói

Example

Needless to say, he'll be off work for a while.

Không cần phải nói, anh ấy sẽ nghỉ việc trong một thời gian.

3. take pride in (phrase): tự hào

Example

If you don't take pride in your work, you're probably in the wrong job.

Nếu bạn không tự hào về công việc của mình, bạn chắc đang làm sai việc.

4. package tour (noun): chuyến du lịch trọn gói

Example

We bought a cheap package tour to Spain and stayed in a big hotel by the sea.

Chúng tôi đặt một chuyến du lịch trọn gói giá rẻ đến Tây Ban Nha và ở trong một khách sạn lớn
gần biển.

Part 3

1. Why do some people like to record important things with photos?

There are several reasons why people prefer photographs to other means when it comes to
capturing invaluable moments. In the first place, most people want to preserve vividly the
important memories in their lives such as weddings, birthdays or even funerals of loved ones.
Moreover, I think there are times that we need to be reminded of these precious memories, either
to reflect upon our progress in life or to find the motivation to keep on trying and make ourselves
better.

2. What can people learn from historical photographs?

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As the saying goes, a picture is worth a thousand words. It is self-evident that old photos play an
unreplaceable role in visually revealing the events of the past. To begin with, looking back over
the historical photos can give you an idea of how people enjoyed their lives in the absence of
present modern technology. Furthermore, the intensity of wars is often skilfully illustrated by field
photographers and displaying them will induce the public to further appreciate the value of peace.

3. Is taking photos the best way to remember something?

Pictures can be a helpful assistant when there are lots of moments needed reminding. Nevertheless,
I am not fully convinced that it is the best option. What I’m trying to say is that focusing on taking
photos can make us neglect the details as we are assigning the camera to remember them for us.
Additionally, when our brain is spared the task of capturing the moments, our memory will be
seriously impaired and completely dependent on electronic devices.

4. Which is better, taking photos or keeping a diary?

From my own experience, both have their pros and cons that should be taken into consideration.
There is no doubt that using a camera is much faster than writing with a pen. However, giving
yourself some time to reflect on past events and putting them down in your own words are more
meaningful and emotional.

Vocabulary

1. when it comes to (idiom): khi nhắc đến

Example:

When it comes to playing chess, he’s the best I’ve ever known.

Khi nhắc đến chơi cờ vua thì anh ấy là người chơi giỏi nhất mà tôi từng biết.

2. as the saying goes (idiom): có câu nói rằng

Example:

As the saying goes, time heals all the wounds.

Có câu nói rằng thời gian sẽ chữa lành mọi vết thương.

3. self-evident (adjective): rõ ràng

Example:

Solutions which seem self-evident to humans are often beyond the grasp of computers.

Những giải pháp trông có vẻ rõ ràng với con người thì thường lại ngoài khả năng của máy tính.

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4. take into consideration (phrase): lưu tâm đến

Example:

You must take his illness into consideration before dismissing him.

Cô phải lưu tâm đến bệnh tình của anh ấy trước khi sa thải.

12. Describe a friend from childhood who you remember very well

You should say:

Who he/she is

Childhood has its speciality and magic and sometimes childhood friends are unforgettable. One
such friend of mine was Minh who I still remember. Our friendship lasted only for a year and after
that, he moved to a different city with his parents.

Where you met each other

Our first encounter took place on the very first day of secondary school. I was late for school due
to bad traffic and I thought that all of the seats in the classroom were occupied. Thankfully, Miss
Loan, my new teacher asked my name and gave me a hand. Then, one of the boys was asking me
to go over there and sit beside him. That boy was Minh.

What you often did together

At lunchtime, I shared my food with him and talked about lots of things. From that time onwards,
we started sitting next to each other and our friendship began to flourish. I also found out that we
had many hobbies in common. At school, we were on the same football and volleyball team. In
the afternoon, we made kites and flew them together near the riverbank. Furthermore, as amateur
collectors, our pastime was to spend hours looking for unique stamps in the library. We became
very close friends but after one year I heard that he would be moving to Da Nang as his father had
been transferred there. Since then, I have lost touch with him.

And explain what made you like him/her

Although I no longer catch up with him, he has always been the treasure of my childhood. Minh
is a kind-hearted and open-minded person, so he really made that one year a delightful period for
me. I really hope one day, I can contact him and keep our friendship forever.

Vocabulary

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1. occupied (adjective): có người sử dụng

Example

The bathroom at the back of the plane was occupied, so I waited.

Nhà vệ sinh ở phía sau máy bay đã có người, nên tôi đã đợi.

2. in common (phrase): điểm chung

Example

They have nothing in common – I don’t know why they’re getting married.

Họ không có điểm chung gì - tôi không biết tại sao họ lại cưới nhau.

3. Pastime (noun): sở thích

Example

Playing chess is his favourite pastime.

Chơi cờ vua là sở thích của anh ấy.

4. Treasure (noun): người quý giá và có ích

Example

I don't know what I'd have done without Lizzie when I was ill - she was an absolute treasure.

Tôi không biết tôi sẽ làm được gì lúc bị bệnh nếu không có Lizzie - cô ấy thật sự giúp ích rất nhiều.

Part 3

1. Do you still keep in touch with your friends from childhood? Why or why not?

It’s a pity that I lost touch with most of my childhood friends when I moved to this city 10 years
ago. Getting acquainted with the new surroundings occupied the little amount of free time I had
after school, so I could only catch up with them once in a blue moon. Gradually, the more time I
spend with new relationships, the fewer chances I have to call old friends.

2. What do you think of online social media?

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From my viewpoint, social media in general is a double-edged sword. To some people, online
social platforms are great assistants when they are able to connect with people regardless of
distance and time. On the other hand, some regard social media as the root of all modern evils as
these sites are full of fake news, violence and cyberbullying.

3. Do you think online social media will replace face-to-face communication?

Some state that online platforms will soon be the most popular rendez-vous for daily conversations.
However, in my opinion, that scenario can hardly happen. Humans have a social nature so we are
always looking for interactions with others, both verbal and non-verbal. Therefore, virtual
conversations can never replicate the intimacy of face-to-face talks.

4. How important is childhood friendship to children?

Along with the family and school, it is undeniable that childhood friends play a vital role in
children’s early development. What I mean is that learning to befriend others at a young age helps
to build up the child’s ability to socialize. Moreover, spending time with a group of friends can
certainly create countless precious childhood memories. Recalling these moments can help to
cheer you up when you are blue and need emotional support.

Vocabulary

1. it’s a pity (phrase): thật đáng tiếc

Example:

It’s a pity that we couldn’t stay longer in Boston.

Thật đáng tiếc khi chúng ta không thể ở lại Boston lâu hơn.

2. lose touch with (idiom): mất liên lạc

Example:

I lost touch with Katie after she moved to Canada.

Tôi mất liên lạc với Katie sau khi cô ấy chuyển đến Canada.

3. a double-edged sword (idiom): con dao hai lưỡi

Example:

The government’s program to boost exports is a double-edged sword because it has created a local
food shortage.

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Chương trình thúc đẩy xuất khẩu của chính phủ là một con dao hai lưỡi vì nó đang tạo ra một đợt
thiếu lương thực cục bộ.

4. cheer someone up (phrase): làm ai đó vui

Example:

She was sick so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.

Cô ấy bị bệnh nên tôi gửi một ít hoa để làm cô vui lên.

13. Describe the home of someone you know well and that you often visit

You should say:

Whose home it is

My older sister, Lan, who is married to a doctor, lives in a large apartment and this is quite an
elegant apartment in my opinion. Therefore, I would like to talk about this apartment which is
located in the centre of Ho Chi Minh City.

How often you go there

The apartment is on the third floor of a six-storied building. It is only 20 minutes' walking distance
from my school. On average, I visit my sister and her husband twice a month.

What it is like

Originally, my sister and her husband had wanted to buy a house in the suburb but they changed
their mind and settled down in the city centre. The apartment is comparatively spacious but it
has a cosy atmosphere. The rooms all have attached bathrooms with them and most of the furniture
was bought from the most renowned and branded shops. My sister had an interior design diploma
and she has put every effort to make her own house look beautiful. From a neutral point of view,
I would say she is a talented interior designer as she has been quite successful to make the interior
of her own house impressive. The large wooden furniture, the modern and sophisticated design of
most of the furniture and handpicked wall frames gives a rich impression to a guest who visits this
apartment.

And explain how you feel about the home

I like this apartment because it has got a large space, unlike in many other apartments I have
visited. The rooms give complete privacy to the house members as they are not adjacent to each
other. The interior of the apartment is quite attractive. Moreover, my sister, as an interior designer
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has designed it perfectly. The apartment gives me the impression of beauty and comfort. For these
reasons, I love this apartment.

Vocabulary

1. changed one’s mind (idiom): đổi ý

Example

I was planning to work late tonight, but I changed my mind. I’ll do extra work on the weekend
instead.

Tôi đã dự định tối nay sẽ ở lại làm muộn nhưng tôi đã đổi ý. Thay vào đó tôi sẽ làm thêm việc vào
cuối tuần.

2. settle down (phrase): ổn định chỗ ở

Example

She quickly settled down in her new house.

Cô ấy nhanh chóng ổn định trong ngôi nhà mới của mình.

3. put every effort to (phrase): cố gắng hết sức

Example

Make every effort to take care of yourself physically, mentally and emotionally.

Hãy cố hết sức để tự chăm sóc thể chất, tinh thần và cảm xúc của bản thân.

4. give somebody the impression of something (phrase): khiến ai đó nghĩ về cái gì đó

Example

I didn’t want to give him the impression of the job.

Tôi không muốn khiến anh ấy nghĩ về công việc.

Part 3

1. What are the differences between houses or buildings in the city and in the countryside?

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It is obviously seen that constructions in the rural and urban areas have different characteristics.
Firstly, while houses in the countryside are more spacious, the apartment buildings in cities have
higher density. It’s also observed that urban flats focus on the level of modernity and convenience
whereas houses in rural towns tend to place more emphasis on the cosy atmosphere and home
comfort.

2. Do you prefer to live in the city or in the countryside?

The atmosphere in the countryside is preferable for me. But it’s much easier to earn a living in
big cities. That’s why I’ve opted to stay in the city centre and work for a branch of a multinational
corporation. However, I’ve made up my mind that once I can afford a house in the countryside,
I will definitely settle down there.

3. What safety risks are there in residential buildings in cities?

Although high-rise buildings are constructed in compliance with strict safety standards, there are
still chances that some unwanted problems such as electricity failure, pipe leakage or lift
breakdowns occur in such crowded residences. Among them, fire can be considered the most
hazardous incident as it can inflict heavy damage on a large scale.

4. Is it expensive to decorate a house or an apartment in the place where you live?

It really depends on the size of the house and the owner’s intentions to figure out the total cost of
decoration. For some people with high incomes, it can cost an arm and a leg to realize their dream
house with luxurious furniture. On the other hand, some with a small budget opt for more
affordable decorative items.

Vocabulary

1. earn a living (idiom): kiếm sống

Example:

She’s just trying to earn a living.

Cô ấy đang cố kiếm sống.

2. made up my mind (idiom): quyết định

Example:

He finally made up his mind about the job.

Anh ấy cuối cùng đã quyết định công việc của mình.

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3. settle down (phrase): ổn định ở

Example:

She quickly settled down in her new house.

Cô ấy nhanh chóng ổn định trong ngôi nhà mới.

4. cost an arm and a leg (idiom): rất đắt đỏ

Example:

The repair work cost an arm and a leg.

Việc sửa chữa rất đắt đỏ.

14. Describe a time when you saw a lot of plastic waste (e.g. in a park, on a beach etc.)

You should say:

Where and when you saw the plastic waste

Why there was a lot of plastic waste

What you did after you saw them

And explain what your thoughts were about this

The experience I will tell you about happened three years ago when I was paying a visit to Vinh
Hy, a small bay in the south of Vietnam. To get a good view of the sea, I chose a hotel on the coast,
where I could enjoy the wonderful sunset from my balcony. But when I actually sat on the terrace
and watched the sun sinking into the sea, it caught my eye when a strip of white plastic waste
constantly rose and fell with the waves at the rim of the shore, which completely ruined the
ambience.

It seemed that the ocean returned what human beings had dumped into it. And because this was
not a famous tourist spot, the government had not employed anyone to clean the waste. As time
passed, the plastic bags, bottles, jars, and packages piled up, forming an ugly scene.

Although I felt sad about it, I did nothing. It was far beyond my capability to change the situation,
and I did not know which government department I should complain to.

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I had heard thousands of times about how plastic was polluting the ocean and endangering marine
species, but I thought it was just a strategy adopted by scientists and environmentalists to draw
people’s attention. This experience changed my perception and prompted me to believe that we
are reaping what we have sown and that if we did not take immediate action, we might reach the
tipping point soon.

Vocabulary

1. pay a visit to (phrase): ghé thăm

Example

He paid a visit to the most famous destination in New York.

Anh ấy ghé thăm điểm đến nổi tiếng nhất ở New York.

2. catch someone’s eye (idiom): khiến ai đó chú ý

Example

A sudden movement caught my eye.

Một cử động đột ngột khiến tôi chú ý.

3. ambiance (noun): nét đẹp, đặc tính

Example

Despite being a busy city, Dublin has the ambience of a country town.

Dù là một thành phố tấp nập, Dublin có nét đẹp của một thị trấn vùng nông thôn.

4. reap what you have sown (idiom): gánh chịu hậu quả

Example

It seems to me that if we continue exploiting fossil fuel at this speed, we should expect to reap
what we have sown.

Tôi thấy rằng nếu chúng ta tiếp tục khai thác nhiên liệu hóa thạch với tốc độ này thì chúng ta sẽ
sớm gánh chịu hậu quả.

Part 3

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1. Do you think we should use plastic products?

Instead of boycotting plastic products, I highly recommend we should focus on using them in an
environmentally-friendly way. People tend to think that many companies have shifted to using
more plastic packaging just because it’s cheaper. It is cheaper, but there are other good reasons.
Plastic is durable and provides protection from contaminants. It reduces food waste by preserving
food and protecting food against pests and humidity.

2. How can we reduce our use of plastic?

It seems to me that cutting down on the consumption of plastic products doesn’t require too much
effort. Indeed, such insignificant actions as avoiding single-use plastics or using cloth bags for
shopping can contribute to the overall reduction of plastic waste. And if you have no choice but to
buy a plastic bottle or a plastic container at the supermarket, try to reuse it instead of throwing it
away.

3. What kinds of plastic waste are often seen in your country?

In a developing country like Vietnam, there are multiple sources of plastic waste, the most
alarming of which is single-use plastics. Due to the modern lifestyle, it is easy to see food
containers or drinking bottles lying on the pavements or floating in the rivers. Another recently-
appeared problem is the overuse of cheap face masks which are partially made of plastics as people
are advised to use them once only.

4. Why do people like to use plastic products?

From my viewpoint, there are an uncountable number of reasons why people opt for plastic items.
Firstly, plastic packaging helps to preserve food longer and reduce the potential for product waste.
Moreover, plastic containers can protect vulnerable things during transportation at a more
affordable cost than other materials like metal or cardboard boxes.

Vocabulary

1. Boycott (v): tẩy chay

Example

Several countries boycotted the international peace talks.

Một số quốc gia tẩy chay những cuộc thảo luận hòa bình quốc tế.

2. cut down on (phrase): cắt giảm

Example

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I’m trying to cut down on the amount of sugar I eat.

Tôi đang cố gắng cắt giảm lượng đường mình ăn.

3. single-use (adjective): dùng một lần

Example

Awareness of environmental damage from single-use bags is growing.

Nhận thức về tác động đến môi trường của túi sử dụng một lần đang dần tăng lên.

4. affordable (adjective): rẻ, giá cả hợp lý

Example

She always buys nice clothes at affordable price when going to the market.

Cô ấy luôn mua những bộ đồ đẹp với giá cả hợp lý khi đi chợ.

15. Describe a time when you needed to search for information

You should say:

What information you needed to search for

To begin with, I’d like to say that I’m always on the internet, but if I have to mention a specific
time I used it, there is one piece of info that I can remember searching for. It was when I was
starting to learn how to do some basic coding.

When you searched for it

A couple of months ago, I was desperately trying to find a structured course where I could learn
how to code. The course had to not only be free or low-cost but also up to date with the trends of
2022.

Where you searched for it

I relied on my trusty Google Chrome browser alongside some technology magazines for this task.
Thankfully, in the end, after skimming over a dozen articles, I ended up finding what I was looking
for.

And explain why you needed to search for it

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At that time, my main purpose to learn to code was to facilitate my job. My colleagues said that
every task in the office would be accomplished with higher efficiency if you could take full
advantage of the programs. It was such a pity that I had not known that sooner; otherwise, I had
not have struggled in the first half of my internship. Besides, there were lots of freelance positions
related to coding, so I could earn a second income if I stayed focused and tried my best to master
this skill.

Vocabulary

1. to begin with (idiom): đầu tiên

Example

The hotel was awful! To begin with, our room was far too small.

Khách sạn quá tồi tệ! Đầu tiên, phòng của chúng tôi quá nhỏ.

2. low-cost (adjective): giá rẻ

Example

The 1990s saw a huge increase in the number of low-cost airlines.

Thập niên 90 chứng kiến mức tăng khổng lồ về số lượng hãng hàng không giá rẻ.

3. Facilitate (verb): hỗ trợ

Example

The current structure does not facilitate efficient workflow.

Cấu trúc hiện tại không hỗ trợ luồng công việc hiệu quả.

4. take advantage of (phrase): tận dụng

Example

We are taking advantage of the strong euro and are going to visit the US.

Chúng tôi tận dụng đồng euro mạnh và sẽ ghé thăm nước Mỹ.

Part 3

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1. How can people search for information now?

Along with traditional ways of reading a reference work or turning to experts, there are numerous
means to look for information thanks to the increasing popularity of the Internet. In fact, nowadays
with only one click, people can get access to millions of results in one second provided by search
engines. Moreover, social media are proven to be suitable platforms to update news daily.

2. What information can people get from television?

There is no doubt that television has played the role of an important source of news, education
and so on since its introduction. To begin with, tuning in to local news allows people to stay
informed about what is happening in their city while international news shows keep you up-to-
date with breaking news around the world. Furthermore, with the wide range of TV channels, you
can certainly find the perfect mix of educational programming for your children or for yourself.

3. With the development of the Internet, is the library still important?

Some people reckon that libraries will soon give way to modern online archive sites. I myself
disagree with that assumption because of several reasons. First, public libraries play an important
role in supporting education and literacy. They provide countless resources, such as educational
materials, training courses, scientific publications, etc. in an academic environment where you can
expand your network with like-minded people. Besides, anyone in need of free Internet access can
seek support from the libraries as well.

4. Does the development of the Internet have any impact on disadvantaged people?

Although the Internet is gaining increasing popularity, of course, there will be some obstacles for
some groups of the population that cannot keep up with the progress of the Internet. I mean that
in this technological era, the elderly and less privileged will have difficulty getting access to
education, job opportunities and so on. Indeed, they are likely to be left behind in the rapidly-
changing world.

Vocabulary

1. turn to someone (phrase): nhờ ai đó giúp đỡ

Example

Without someone to turn to for advice, making the most appropriate choice can be difficult.

Khi không có ai để hỏi xin lời khuyên, đưa ra lựa chọn thích hợp nhất có thể rất khó khăn.

2. there is no doubt that (phrase): rõ ràng là

Example
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There is no doubt that the world is warmer.

Rõ ràng là thế giới đang ấm dần lên.

3. give way to something (phrase): bị thay thế bởi cái gì đó

Example

My excitement gave way to fear when I drove a car for the first time.

Sự hào hứng bị nỗi sợ lấn át khi tôi lần đầu tiên lái xe ô tô.

4. keep up with (phrase): bắt kịp

Example

Wages are failing to keep up with inflation.

Lương đang không thể bắt kịp với lạm phát.

16. Describe an object that you think is beautiful

You should say:

What it is

Where you saw it

What it looks like

And explain why you think it is beautiful

Today I’m going to talk about the vase that I have at my home which I find very beautiful. That
vase is a gift from my grandmother to my mother when my mother got married. I am unsure about
the meaning behind the gift. If my memory serves me right, I think my mother told me that because
the word vase is a homophone to the word peaceful in Vietnamese. So, in other words, the vase
acts like a blessing from my grandmother to my mother. The vase is not very big, only around ten
inches tall. And it’s not very big either – I don’t think that it is more than five inches wide. But it’s
really heavy because it is made of fine porcelain. There are two things about this vase that I find
very eye-catching. First, the mouth of the vase bends outward so when you look from the top, it
looks like a blossoming flower. The second thing about the vase that I like is the outer decoration.
I remember when I was young, I always spent hours studying the paintings that the potters
decorated on the vase’s body and every time, I always found something new. One time I even

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found a small butterfly – this detail is painted on so tiny that it takes me over an hour of looking
for it. All these details are even more accentuated by the glaze coating. This means that whenever
there are lights, the vase will glimmer.

Homophone (n): từ đồng âm

Definition:

A word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning or spelling, or
both.

Example:

The words "sow" and "sew" are homophones.

Porcelain (n): sành, sứ

Definition:

A hard but delicate, shiny, white substance made by heating a special type of clay to a high
temperature, used to make cups, plates, and decorations.

Example:

They use traditional skills and produce porcelains in some 40 traditional firewood kilns.

Blossom (v): nở (hoa), nở rộ

Definition:

(Of a tree or plant) to produce flowers that develop into fruit.

Example:

The cherry tree is beginning to blossom.

Blessing (n): điều phước, phước lành

Definition:

The approval to do something.

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Example:

My parents finally gave their blessing to my marriage.

Glaze (v): tráng bóng

Definition:

To make a surface shiny by putting a liquid substance onto it and leaving it or heating it until it
dries.

Example:

The pottery was famous for the rich glaze of its vases and jugs.

Coating (n): lớp tô, phết ngoài cùng, ở bề mặt

Definition:

A layer of a particular substance that covers a surface.

Example:

The goggles have a laser-protection coating.

Part 3

1. Do you think there are more beautiful things now than in the past? Why?

I do think that there are more beautiful things now than in the past. But I do know that some people
disagree with me, because they see modern architecture, for example, or anything modern as
essentially visually unappealing, which I think is the opposite. One reason that I can think of that
explains why there are more beautiful now is that people have more time, more opportunity, and
more resources to engage in creative works. In the past, because people have to work very hard to
make ends meet, they do not have time to explore or enjoy beautiful things. Further, compared to
the past, we now have more art forms such as film or animation, which allows people to engage in
creative works.

2. What beautiful scenery spots are there in your country?

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In my country, I think one of the most beautiful sceneries is Phong Nha – Ke Bang in Vietnam’s
Central Region. In short, this is one of Southeast Asia’s largest cave systems and from what I read
on the internet, thanks to geological formations through thousands of years, they have very
magnificent yet very delicate columns of limestone that span several stories high. I also heard that
the cave has its own ecosystem which gives rise to its own greeneries and animals.

3. Where do you think people usually come into contact with beautiful things?

In my opinion, beautiful things are everywhere so I don’t think that there is any way that people
“come to contact.” Like Phong Nha – Ke Bang or the vase that I told you about earlier, beautiful
things are meant to appreciate. Even the simplest thing, the most mundane thing of daily life can
be beautiful, as long as people spend time studying and understand it with their hearts.

4. Why do you think people create beautiful things?

I think that people create beautiful things for one main reason. Beautiful things often require
extensive imagination and creative hands to produce. In other words, to make beautiful things,
people have to think outside the box. By breaking the boundaries that are so prevalent in modern
life today, beautiful things, therefore, allow people to be themselves. As a result, the eventual
spiritual and psychological values are immense.

Make ends meet (idiom): kiếm tiền (nhưng chỉ đủ sống, đủ xoay sở)

Definition:

To have just enough money to pay for the things that you need.

Example:

It’s not easy to make ends meet with a big family but somehow, we manage.

Geological (adj): thuộc về địa chất

Definition:

Relating to geology, or to the geology of a particular area or place (geology = the study of the
rocks and similar substances that make up the earth's surface).

Example:

This geological map provides a good sense of how rich the natural resources are in the country.

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Formation (n): sự hình thành, sự kiến tạo

Definition:

The development of something into a particular thing or shape.

Example:

The formation of the Grand Canyon involves complex geological processes.

Greeneries (n): mảnh xanh, cây xanh

Definition:

Green plants, or branches that have been cut off from plants, esp. when used as decoration.

Example:

All housings are enhanced in beauty by having greenery and trees around them.

Mundane (adj): tầm thường

Definition:

Very ordinary and therefore not interesting.

Example:

Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.

Boundaries (n): giới hạn hành vi, chuẩn mực

Definition:

The limit of what someone considers to be acceptable behaviour.

Example:

We set firm boundaries, and if the children cross them there are consequences.

Spiritual (adj): thuộc về tâm linh

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Definition:

Relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially religious beliefs.

Example:

Traditional ways of life fulfilled both economic and spiritual needs.

Psychological (adj): thuộc về tâm lý

Definition:

Relating to the human mind and feelings.

Example:

We are concerned with the physical and psychological well-being of our employees.

17. Describe something you had to share with others

You should say:

What it was

Who you shared it with

Why you had to share it with others

And explain how you felt about it

To get the ball rolling, today, I’m going to talk about the thing that I once had to share and I have
lots of memorable moments in doing it. Growing up, I have a lot of things that I share with people
around me, from my friends to my siblings. But perhaps the most memorable thing that I have to
share with someone else is the diary in high school. It’s not a personal diary but a joint diary, which
is requested by my homeroom teacher to encourage students to know and get along with each
other better. For my turn, I shared this joint diary with my best friend who by that time just moved
to my school. The basic idea of this joint diary is that every week, each of us would take turns
keeping it. When it was my turn to keep it, I would log in everything that I had in mind, ranging
from personal reflection to thoughts on our academic performance. At the same time, I would also
read my friend’s entries and give comments and words of encouragement. I remember that I have
come to understand my friend as someone who loves poetry and doodles; on every page of his

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entry, I always found a new poem, written either in Vietnamese or English and some doodles of
his favourite TV characters. I do think that this diary that I share with my best friend allows me to
have a deeper friendship connection with him as well as be a better assistant when it comes to
academic matters.

To get the ball rolling (idiom): bắt đầu một việc gì đó

Definition:

Set an activity in motion; make a start.

Example:

To get the ball rolling, the government was asked to contribute a million dollars to the fund.

Homeroom (n): lớp chủ nhiệm

Definition:

A classroom in which a group of students assembles daily with the same teacher before dispersing
to other classes.

Example:

Homeroom teachers play many roles, acting as counselors, administrators, and disciplinarians.

Encouragement (n): sự cổ vũ

Definition:

Words or behaviour that give someone confidence to do something.

Example:

I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and family.

Entries (n): mục (đề, thông tin, nhật ký…)

Definition:

A single written item in a list or collection of records

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Example:

The entries in the cash book need to be presented to the tax office every year.

Doodles (n): hình vẽ nguệch ngoạc được làm ra khi nhàm chán, rảnh rỗi

Definition:

A picture or pattern that someone has drawn while thinking about something else or when they are
bored.

Example:

The textbooks had been defaced by doodles.

Part 3

1 Do you think kids like to share? Why?

I think it is kids’ instinct to share. Kids in general are very social. At the same time, very young
children are often captivated by new and unfamiliar stuff, whether it is a toy or else. Seeing other
kids having something that catches their eyes, they will be very eager to get to know each other.
They will pool in the toys and other eye-catching stuff together so that way they can get what they
have with what other kids have.

2 How can parents teach their children to share?

Teaching children how to share is something that is not easy, I must admit. But I think that as with
any good social behaviour, parents can encourage their children through practical experiences. For
instance, one way that my parents teach me the meaning and value of sharing with other people is
by taking me to a charitable kitchen. While as a kid, I cannot help in the kitchen, I still participated
by serving food to those in need. That way, by being able to see people’s hardship as well as seeing
how hard it is to make food, I understand why it is important to share.

3. What do you think is the benefit of sharing for children?

Sharing brings about many benefits to children, especially their emotional and social well-being.
By understanding deeply the value of sharing, they can be more caring and kinder. In our modern
world when everyone is too occupied with making ends meet and where work is extremely
competitive, these are the two qualities that need to be re-emphasized, especially from a young
age. Additionally, because sharing means not only using many tangible kinds of stuff together but
also getting to know others, students develop sympathy as a result.

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Instinct (n): bản tính

Definition:

The way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it.

Example:

All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.

Captivate (adj): làm say đắm, làm thu hút (một thứ gì, một ai đó)

Definition:

To hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant, or attractive.

Example:

With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

Eager (adj): hăm hở, háo hức

Definition:

Wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable.

Example:

They crowded around the spokesperson, eager for any news.

Charitable (adj): thiện nguyện

Definition:

Giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor, or have no
home.

Example:

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The entire organization is funded by charitable donations.

Occupied (adj): bận rộn vì một thứ gì đó

Definition:

Busy or interested.

Example:

At that time, I was fully occupied taking care of my elderly mother.

Tangible (adj): chỉ vật có thật, chạm hoặc cảm nhận được

Definition:

Real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced.

Example:

Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.

Sympathy (n): đồng cảm

Definition:

An expression of understanding and care for someone else's suffering.

Example:

The president has sent a message of sympathy to the relatives of the dead soldiers.

18. Describe a story or novel you have read that you found interesting

You should say:

When you read it

What the story or novel was about

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Who wrote it

And explain why you read it

To me, the most interesting story that I have read was the story about the origin of milk fruit. The
story was part of the primary school literature curriculum and if I remember it correctly, I read it
in my second grade. On the issue of the author, I am unsure who wrote it because the story is a
Vietnamese folktale, so I guess someone from a very far past created this tale and later, everyone
learns about it. However, the reason that I remember this story so fondly is because of its magical
element, especially the transfiguration of the story’s character. In short, the story follows a very
naughty boy who frequently upsets his mom. One day, he was scolded very badly by his mom,
and the boy decides to run away. Only after getting bullied by other older runaways, the boy
realizes that he cannot live without the support and care of his mom and find a way to return. And
when he returns, he could not find his mom’s whereabouts; the only thing that he finds new is a
tree standing in the middle of the field. Hungry and tired, the boy hugs the tree, which magically
shivers and gives him the foodstuff and the embrace that he longs for. The basic idea of this
folktale is to explain why when you cut it in half, the juice of the milk fruit will be white and sweet
like milk, and why the milk fruit tree’s leaves are one side green while the other side is very red.
It also teaches everyone to be obedient and nice to one’s parents.

Curriculum (n): giáo trình, chương trình học

Definition:

The subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes.

Example:

In primary schools, the class teacher teaches all the subjects in the curriculum to the class,
regardless of his preferences, flair and interests.

Folktale (n): sự tích, truyện dân gian

Definition:

A traditional story that people of a particular region or group repeat among themselves.

Example:

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The stories in this book also serve to introduce many Vietnamese “folktales” that traditionally pass
orally.

Transfiguration (n): phép biến hình, với hàm ý ma thuật, phép thuật

Definition:

The act or process of transfiguring someone or something (changing their appearance very much,
especially in a spiritual way).

Example:

In this light, the junk undergoes a transfiguration; it shines.

Runaway (n): người bỏ nhà đi lang thang

Definition:

Someone who has escaped or run away from somewhere.

Example:

If young people can find a way of playing the system, that will result in an increased number of
runaways.

Whereabouts (n): ở một nơi nào đó

Definition:

The place where a person or thing is.

Example:

He is thought to be in the Caribbean, although his exact whereabouts are/is a mystery.

Shiver (v): run người vì lạnh, ốm, hoặc sợ hãi

Definition:

When people or animals shiver, they shake slightly because they feel cold, ill, or frightened.

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Example:

He shivered with cold in his thin cotton shirt.

Foodstuffs (n): thực phẩm (nói chung)

Definition:

Any substance that is used as food or to make food.

Example:

They lack basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk.

Embrace (v): ôm ấp

Definition:

To hold someone tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or when greeting or
leaving someone.

Example:

He leaned over to embrace the child.

Part 3

1. How does technology help people tell stories?

I do technology helps people tell stories in many ways. One way that technology helps with
storytelling is that it gives the story a more visual and aural basis. Instead of relying on words
only, or some still figures, animation or short clips allow people to not only imagine the faces and
the shapes of the characters more easily but also the sound and ambience where the story plot
takes place. This, I believe, allows people to focus on other more important parts of the story, such
as the actions of the story’s characters.

2. Do you prefer to read e-books or paper books?

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If I have to choose, I would be more biased toward paper books. As someone who reads a lot,
there is something very nice about holding a physical book and flipping the pages with your own
fingers. Not to mention if you read old books where the pages have turned a bit yellow, their unique
smell is something that excites me all the time.

I think the reason that people tend to read more mystery books nowadays stems exactly from their
mysterious characters.

3. Why are mystery novels so popular nowadays?

Mystery books, to my knowledge, often depict the unfamiliar landscape and include phenomenon
that is not explainable or possible in real life. As a result, this literary genre forces people to
imagine more intensely and think more creatively. In other words, mystery books help people
develop the two skills that I think people in our modern-day lack a lot, precisely because a lot of
things can be easily searched online or easily explained by science.

4. What kinds of novels are suitable for a film adaptation?

On which genre can be made into films, I personally don’t have any preference or objection, as
long as the adaptation follows closely the plot of the written publication, chooses the actors that
reflect the characters well, and includes visually pleasing effects. However, the genre that I am
most wary about the film adaptation of novels is autobiography. This is because when it becomes
a cinematic production, a lot of meaningful reflection on the autobiography’s main character is
lost at the expense of visual effects. Also, for a more historical figure, new actors cannot always
reflect and capture the spirit and stamina accurately.

Aural (adj): thuộc về thính giác

Definition:

Relating to hearing.

Example:

She doesn’t speak English well, but her aural comprehension is good.

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Ambience (n): môi trường, không gian xung quanh

Definition:

The character of a place or the quality it seems to have.

Example:

Despite being a busy city, Dublin has the ambience of a country town.

Bias (v): thiên hướng về một thứ gì đó

Definition:

The fact of preferring a particular subject or thing.

Example:

In this light, the junk undergoes a transfiguration; it shines.

Stem from sth (phrase): có nguồn gốc từ một thứ gì đó

Definition:

To start or develop as the result of something.

Example:

Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.

Depict (v): miêu tả bằng hình ảnh

Definition:

To represent or show something in a picture or story.

Example:

Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.

Phenomenon (n): hiện tượng, thường chỉ những sự kiện kỳ lạ hoặc đáng chú ý

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Definition:

Something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting.

Example:

There's evidence to suggest that child abuse is not just a recent phenomenon.

Cinematic (adj): thuộc về điện ảnh

Definition:

Relating to the cinema.

Example:

The cinematic effects in her films are clearly borrowed from the great filmmakers of the past.

At the expense of sth (phrase): miêu tả một hành động mà nếu thực hiện đối một vật, đối tượng
A sẽ gây hại cho một vật, đối tượng B khác.

Definition:

If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.

Example:

He had no need to protect their reputation at the expense of his own.

Stamina (n): khí chất

Definition:

The physical and/or mental strength to do something that might be difficult and will take a long
time

Example:

The triathlon is a great test of stamina.

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