Holt 5-2 Solving Systems by Substitution

Solving
SolvingSystems
Systemsby
bySubstitution
Substitution
Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz
Holt
Holt
Holt McDougal
Algebra 1Algebra
McDougal Algebra11
Solving Systems by Substitution
Warm Up
Solve systems of linear equations for x.
1. y = x + 3 x=y–3
2. y = 3x – 4
Simplify each expression.
3. 2(x – 5) 2x – 10
4. 12 – 3(x + 1) 9 – 3x
Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Warm Up Continued
Evaluate each expression for the given
value of x.
5. x + 8 for x = 6 12
6. 3(x – 7) for x =10 9

Objective
Solve systems of linear equations in two
variables by substitution.

Sometimes it is difficult to identify the

exact solution to a system by graphing. In
this case, you can use a method called
substitution.
The goal when using substitution is to

reduce the system to one equation that
has only one variable. Then you can
solve this equation by the methods
taught in Chapter 2.

Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution
Solve for one variable in at least one

Step 1 equation, if necessary.
Substitute the resulting expression into the
Step 2
other equation.
Solve that equation to get the value of the
Step 3 first variable.
Substitute that value into one of the original

Step 4 equations and solve.
Write the values from steps 3 and 4 as an

Step 5
ordered pair, (x, y), and check.
Example 1A: Solving a System of Linear Equations by
Substitution
Solve the system by substitution.
y = 3x
y=x–2
Step 1 y = 3x Both equations are solved for y.
y=x–2
Step 2 y= x–2 Substitute 3x for y in the second
3x = x – 2 equation.
Step 3 –x –x Solve for x. Subtract x from both
2x = –2 sides and then divide by 2.
2x = –2
2 2
x = –1
Example 1A Continued

Write one of the original
Step 4 y = 3x equations.
y = 3(–1) Substitute –1 for x.
y = –3 Write the solution as an
Step 5 (–1, –3) ordered pair.
Check Substitute (–1, –3) into both equations in the
system.
y = 3x y=x–2
–3 3(–1) –3 –1 – 2
–3 –3  –3 –3 

Example 1B: Solving a System of Linear Equations by
Substitution
y=x+1
4x + y = 6
The first equation is solved for y.
Step 1 y = x + 1
Step 2 4x + y = 6 Substitute x + 1 for y in the
4x + (x + 1) = 6 second equation.
5x + 1 = 6 Simplify. Solve for x.
Step 3 –1 –1 Subtract 1 from both sides.
5x = 5
5x = 5 Divide both sides by 5.
5 5
x=1
Example1B Continued

Step 4 y=x+1 equations.
y=1+1 Substitute 1 for x.
y=2 Write the solution as an
Step 5 (1, 2) ordered pair.
Check Substitute (1, 2) into both equations in the
system.
y=x+1 4x + y = 6
2 1+1 4(1) + 2 6
2 2  6 6

Example 1C: Solving a System of Linear Equations by
Substitution
x + 2y = –1
x–y=5
Step 1 x + 2y = –1 Solve the first equation for x by
−2y −2y subtracting 2y from both sides.
x = –2y – 1
Step 2 x – y = 5 Substitute –2y – 1 for x in the
(–2y – 1) – y = 5 second equation.
–3y – 1 = 5 Simplify.

Example 1C Continued
Step 3 –3y – 1 = 5 Solve for y.

+1 +1 Add 1 to both sides.
–3y = 6
–3y = 6 Divide both sides by –3.
–3 –3
y = –2
Step 4 x – y = 5 Write one of the original
x – (–2) = 5 equations.
x+2=5 Substitute –2 for y.
–2 –2
Subtract 2 from both sides.
x =3 Write the solution as an
Step 5 (3, –2) ordered pair.
Check It Out! Example 1a

y= x+3
y = 2x + 5
Step 1 y = x + 3 Both equations are solved for y.

y = 2x + 5
Step 2 y = x + 3 Substitute 2x + 5 for y in the first
2x + 5 = x + 3 equation.
Step 3 2x + 5 = x + 3 Solve for x. Subtract x and 5
–x – 5 –x – 5 from both sides.
x = –2

Check It Out! Example 1a Continued

Step 4 y=x+3 equations.
y = –2 + 3 Substitute –2 for x.
y=1
Step 5 (–2, 1) Write the solution as an
ordered pair.

Check It Out! Example 1b
x = 2y – 4
x + 8y = 16
Step 1 x = 2y – 4 The first equation is solved for x.
Step 2 x + 8y = 16 Substitute 2y – 4 for x in the
(2y – 4) + 8y = 16 second equation.
Step 3 10y – 4 = 16 Simplify. Then solve for y.
10y = 20
10y 20
= Divide both sides by 10.
10 10
y=2
Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
Step 4 x + 8y = 16 Write one of the original

equations.
x + 8(2) = 16 Substitute 2 for y.
x + 16 = 16 Simplify.
– 16 –16 Subtract 16 from both
x = 0 sides.
Step 5 (0, 2) Write the solution as

an ordered pair.

Check It Out! Example 1c

2x + y = –4
x + y = –7
Solve the second equation for x
Step 1 x + y = –7
–y –y by subtracting y from each
side.
x = –y – 7
Step 2 x = –y – 7 Substitute –y – 7 for x in the
2(–y – 7) + y = –4 first equation.
2(–y – 7) + y = –4 Distribute 2.
–2y – 14 + y = –4
Check It Out! Example 1c Continued
Step 3 –2y – 14 + y = –4 Combine like terms.

–y – 14 = –4
+14 +14
Add 14 to each side.
–y = 10
y = –10
Step 4 x + y = –7 Write one of the original

equations.
x + (–10) = –7 Substitute –10 for y.
x – 10 = – 7

Check It Out! Example 1c Continued
Step 5 x – 10 = –7
x=3
Step 6 (3, –10) Write the solution as an
ordered pair.

Sometimes you substitute an

expression for a variable that has a
coefficient. When solving for the
second variable in this situation, you
can use the Distributive Property.

Caution
When you solve one equation for a variable, you
must substitute the value or expression into the
other original equation, not the one that had just
been solved.

Example 2: Using the Distributive Property
y + 6x = 11
Solve by substitution.
3x + 2y = –5
Solve the first equation for y
Step 1 y + 6x = 11
– 6x – 6x by subtracting 6x from each
side.
y = –6x + 11
Step 2 3x + 2y = –5 Substitute –6x + 11 for y in the

3x + 2(–6x + 11) = –5 second equation.
3x + 2(–6x + 11) = –5 Distribute 2 to the expression

in parentheses.
Example 2 Continued
y + 6x = 11
3x + 2y = –5
Step 3 3x + 2(–6x) + 2(11) = –5 Simplify. Solve for x.

3x – 12x + 22 = –5
–9x + 22 = –5
– 22 –22 Subtract 22 from
–9x = –27 both sides.
–9x = –27 Divide both sides
–9 –9 by –9.
x=3

Example 2 Continued
y + 6x = 11
3x + 2y = –5
Step 4 Write one of the original

y + 6x = 11
equations.
y + 6(3) = 11 Substitute 3 for x.
y + 18 = 11 Simplify.
–18 –18 Subtract 18 from each side.
y = –7
Step 5 (3, –7) Write the solution as an
ordered pair.

Check It Out! Example 2
–2x + y = 8
3x + 2y = 9
Step 1 –2x + y = 8 Solve the first equation for y

+ 2x +2x by adding 2x to each side.
y = 2x + 8
Step 2 3x + 2y = 9 Substitute 2x + 8 for y in the

3x + 2(2x + 8) = 9 second equation.
3x + 2(2x + 8) = 9 Distribute 2 to the expression

in parentheses.
Check It Out! Example 2 Continued
–2x + y = 8
3x + 2y = 9
Step 3 3x + 2(2x) + 2(8) = 9 Simplify. Solve for x.

3x + 4x + 16 = 9
7x + 16 = 9
–16 –16 Subtract 16 from
7x = –7 both sides.
7x = –7 Divide both sides
7 7 by 7.
x = –1
–2x + y = 8
3x + 2y = 9
Step 4 Write one of the original

–2x + y = 8
equations.
–2(–1) + y = 8 Substitute –1 for x.
y+2=8 Simplify.
–2 –2 Subtract 2 from each side.
y =6
Step 5 (–1, 6) Write the solution as an

ordered pair.
Example 3: Consumer Economics Application
Jenna is deciding between two cell-phone

plans. The first plan has a $50 sign-up fee and
costs $20 per month. The second plan has a
$30 sign-up fee and costs $25 per month. After
how many months will the total costs be the
same? What will the costs be? If Jenna has to
sign a one-year contract, which plan will be
cheaper? Explain.
Write an equation for each option. Let t represent

the total amount paid and m represent the number
of months.

Example 3 Continued
Total sign- payment for each

paid is up fee plus amount month.
Option 1 t = $50 + $20 m
Option 2 t = $30 + $25 m
Step 1 t = 50 + 20m Both equations are solved

t = 30 + 25m for t.
Step 2 50 + 20m = 30 + 25m Substitute 50 + 20m for t in

the second equation.

Example 3 Continued
Step 3 50 + 20m = 30 + 25m Solve for m. Subtract 20m
–20m – 20m from both sides.
50 = 30 + 5m Subtract 30 from both
–30 –30 sides.
20 = 5m Divide both sides by 5.
20 = 5m
5 5
m=4
Step 4 t = 30 + 25m Write one of the original
equations.
t = 30 + 25(4)
Substitute 4 for m.
t = 30 + 100 Simplify.
t = 130
Example 3 Continued
Write the solution as an
Step 5 (4, 130)
ordered pair.
In 4 months, the total cost for each option would be
the same $130.
If Jenna has to sign a one-year contract,

which plan will be cheaper? Explain.
Option 1: t = 50 + 20(12) = 290

Option 2: t = 30 + 25(12) = 330
Jenna should choose the first plan because it costs

$290 for the year and the second plan costs $330.
Check It Out! Example 3
One cable television provider has a $60 setup
fee and charges $80 per month, and the
second has a $160 equipment fee and charges
$70 per month.
a. In how many months will the cost be the

same? What will that cost be.
Write an equation for each option. Let t
represent the total amount paid and m
represent the number of months.

Total payment for each

paid is fee plus amount month.
Option 1 t = $60 + $80 m
Option 2 t = $160 + $70 m
Step 1 t = 60 + 80m Both equations are solved

t = 160 + 70m for t.
Step 2 60 + 80m = 160 + 70m Substitute 60 + 80m for t in

the second equation.

Step 3 60 + 80m = 160 + 70m Solve for m. Subtract 70m

–70m –70m from both sides.
60 + 10m = 160 Subtract 60 from both
–60 –60 sides.
10m = 100
Divide both sides by 10.
10 10
m = 10
Step 4 t = 160 + 70m Write one of the original
equations.
t = 160 + 70(10)
Substitute 10 for m.
t = 160 + 700 Simplify.
t = 860
Step 5 (10, 860) Write the solution as an ordered pair.
In 10 months, the total cost for each option

would be the same, $860.
b. If you plan to move in 6 months, which is

the cheaper option? Explain.
Option 1: t = 60 + 80(6) = 540

Option 2: t = 160 + 70(6) = 580
The first option is cheaper for the first six months.

Lesson Quiz: Part I
Solve each system by substitution.
y = 2x
1. (–2, –4)
x = 6y – 11
2. (1, 2)
3x – 2y = –1
–3x + y = –1
3.
x–y=4

Lesson Quiz: Part II
4. Plumber A charges $60 an hour. Plumber B

charges $40 to visit your home plus $55 for
each hour. For how many hours will the total
cost for each plumber be the same? How much
will that cost be? If a customer thinks they will
need a plumber for 5 hours, which plumber
should the customer hire? Explain.
8 hours; $480; plumber A: plumber A is
cheaper for less than 8 hours.

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Solving

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

6. 3(x – 7) for x =10 9

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Sometimes it is difficult to identify the

The goal when using substitution is to

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution

Solve for one variable in at least one

Substitute that value into one of the original

Write the values from steps 3 and 4 as an

Solve the system by substitution.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Solve the system by substitution.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Step 3 –3y – 1 = 5 Solve for y.

Solve the system by substitution.

Step 1 y = x + 3 Both equations are solved for y.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Solve the system by substitution.

Write one of the original

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Solve the system by substitution.

Step 4 x + 8y = 16 Write one of the original

Step 5 (0, 2) Write the solution as

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Solve the system by substitution.

Solve the system by substitution.

Step 3 –2y – 14 + y = –4 Combine like terms.

Step 4 x + y = –7 Write one of the original

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Solve the system by substitution.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Sometimes you substitute an

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Step 2 3x + 2y = –5 Substitute –6x + 11 for y in the

3x + 2(–6x + 11) = –5 Distribute 2 to the expression

Step 3 3x + 2(–6x) + 2(11) = –5 Simplify. Solve for x.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Step 4 Write one of the original

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Step 1 –2x + y = 8 Solve the first equation for y

Step 2 3x + 2y = 9 Substitute 2x + 8 for y in the

3x + 2(2x + 8) = 9 Distribute 2 to the expression

Step 3 3x + 2(2x) + 2(8) = 9 Simplify. Solve for x.

Step 4 Write one of the original

Step 5 (–1, 6) Write the solution as an

Jenna is deciding between two cell-phone

Write an equation for each option. Let t represent

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

Total sign- payment for each

Step 1 t = 50 + 20m Both equations are solved

Step 2 50 + 20m = 30 + 25m Substitute 50 + 20m for t in

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

If Jenna has to sign a one-year contract,

Option 1: t = 50 + 20(12) = 290

Jenna should choose the first plan because it costs