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    MANGYAN

    Uploaded by

    Faith Ashley Jumao-as
    The Mangyan people are indigenous groups living in Mindoro Island and surrounding areas. There are several major Mangyan tribes categorized based on their geographic locations, including Northern tribes like the Iraya, Alangan, and Tadyawan, and Southern tribes such as the Buhid, Bangon Batangon, and Hanunuo. The Mangyans have a rich culture and traditions such as woven textiles, pottery, a unique writing system called Surat Mangyan, and animistic religious beliefs that include spirits of the land and harvest. They traditionally practiced subsistence farming but some now also engage in cash cropping.

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    MANGYAN

    Uploaded by

    Faith Ashley Jumao-as
    77 views12 pages
    The Mangyan people are indigenous groups living in Mindoro Island and surrounding areas. There are several major Mangyan tribes categorized based on their geographic locations, including Northern tribes like the Iraya, Alangan, and Tadyawan, and Southern tribes such as the Buhid, Bangon Batangon, and Hanunuo. The Mangyans have a rich culture and traditions such as woven textiles, pottery, a unique writing system called Surat Mangyan, and animistic religious beliefs that include spirits of the land and harvest. They traditionally practiced subsistence farming but some now also engage in cash cropping.

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    The Mangyan people are indigenous groups living in Mindoro Island and surrounding areas. There are several major Mangyan tribes categorized based on their geographic locations, including Northern tribes like the Iraya, Alangan, and Tadyawan, and Southern tribes such as the Buhid, Bangon Batangon, and Hanunuo. The Mangyans have a rich culture and traditions such as woven textiles, pottery, a unique writing system called Surat Mangyan, and animistic religious beliefs that include spirits of the land and harvest. They traditionally practiced subsistence farming but some now also engage in cash cropping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    77 views12 pages

    MANGYAN

    Uploaded by

    Faith Ashley Jumao-as
    The Mangyan people are indigenous groups living in Mindoro Island and surrounding areas. There are several major Mangyan tribes categorized based on their geographic locations, including Northern tribes like the Iraya, Alangan, and Tadyawan, and Southern tribes such as the Buhid, Bangon Batangon, and Hanunuo. The Mangyans have a rich culture and traditions such as woven textiles, pottery, a unique writing system called Surat Mangyan, and animistic religious beliefs that include spirits of the land and harvest. They traditionally practiced subsistence farming but some now also engage in cash cropping.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MANGYAN

    THE LIFE & CULTURE OF MANGYAN INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

    PROJECT IN UCSP
    MS. SHARRON ATILANO

    FAITH ASHLEY JUMAO-AS


    ABM-12 183 A
    MANGYAN
    The Mangyan tribe has been included in the history of
    Mindoro . Mangyan refers to the Philippine ethnic
    group
    living in Mindoro Island but some can be found in the
    island of Tablas and S ibuyan in the province o f Romblon
    as
    well as in Albay, Negros and Palawan . The word
    Mangyan
    generally means man, woman or person without any reference
    to any nationality . Social scientists have
    documented
    Mangyan tribes into several major tribes . One of the
    ways
    to categorize them is through their geographical location .
    The Northern tribes include the Iraya, A langan
    and
    Tadyawan tribes while the Buhid, Bangon Batangon and
    Hanunuo Mangyan comprise the tribes in the South .
    An
    additional group on the south coast is labeled Rat agnon
    .
    They appear to intermarry with lowlanders . The group
    is
    known on the east of Mindoro as Bangon may be a subgroup
    of Tawbu id, as they speak the ‘western ’ dialect of
    that
    language .
    ORIGIN
    The Mangyans were once the
    only inhabitants of
    Mindoro. Being coastal
    dwellers at first, they
    have moved in land and into
    the mountains to avoid the
    influx and influence of
    foreign settlers such as
    the Tagalogs, the Spanish
    and their conquests and
    religious conversion, and
    raids by the Moro (they
    raided Spanish settlements
    for religious purposes,
    and to satisfy the demand
    for slave labor).

    Before the Spaniards arrived in Mindoro, the people traded with


    the Chinese extensively, with thousands of supporting
    archaeological shreds of evidence found in Puerto Gal era and in
    written Chinese references . A division was created among the
    people of Mindoro when the Spaniards came . There were the Iraya
    Mangyans, who isolated themselves from the culture of the
    Spaniards, and the lowland Christians who submitted themselves
    to a new belief system. These two groups only interacted for
    economic matters through trading forest goods from the Mangyan
    and consumer goods for the lowlanders .
    Despite being grouped as one tribe, Mangyans differ in
    many ways . In comparison to the technological
    advance
    between the two geographical divisions, the Southern
    tribes are more advanced as seen in their use of
    weaving, pottery, and system of writing . The
    Northern
    tribes, on the other hand, are simpler in their way of
    living . Their language, as in the rest of
    the
    Philippines, came from the Austronesian language
    family . However, even if they are defined as one
    ethnic
    group, the tribes used different languages . On
    average,
    they only share 40% of their vocabulary . The
    tribes
    have also varied physical and ethnogenetic appearances:
    Iraya has Veddo id features; Tadyawan is
    mainly
    Mongoloid, and the Hanunuo looks like a Proto- Malayan .

    Another difference between tribes is the date of their


    arrival in the Philippines . A theory suggests that
    the
    Southern tribes were already present by 9 0 0 AD while the
    Northern tribes are believed to have arrived hundreds of
    years ahead of their Southern peers . The
    Spanish
    authorities had documented their existence since their
    arrival in the 16th century . However, historians
    suggest
    that the Mangyans may have been the first Filipinos to
    trade with the Chinese . Examples of this relationship
    are
    seen in the burial caves, as porcelains and other
    potteries abound . However, not much ethnographic
    research
    has been made except for the tribal and linguistic
    differences that may lead to the indication that the
    tribes can be treated separately .
    INDIGENOUS MANGYAN
    RELIGION
    The Mangyan have a complex spiritual belief system which
    includes the following deities:

    Mahal na Makaako – The Supreme Being who gave life to all


    human beings merely by gazing at them.

    Binayi – Owner of a garden where all spirits rest .

    Binayo – Is a sacred female spirit, caretaker of the rice


    spirits or the kalag paray . She is married to the
    spirit Bulungabon . The kalag paray must be appeased, to
    ensure a bountiful harvest . It is for this reason
    that specific rituals are conducted in every phase of
    rice cultivation . Some of these rituals include the
    panudlak, the rite of the first planting; the rite of
    rice planting itself; and the rites of harvesting which
    consist of the magbugkos or binding rice stalks, and
    the pamag- uh an, which follows the harvest .

    Bulungabon – The spirit aided by 12 fierce dogs .


    Erring souls are chased by these dogs and eventually
    drowned in a cauldron of boiling water . He is Binayo’s
    husband .
    C U L T U R E S &

    P R A C T I C E S
    Mangyans lived in peaceful societies as compared to the head-
    hunting tribes of North Luzon and the brave defiant warrior
    tribes of the South . Social scientists theorized that some
    societies become peaceful because their system of norms and
    values reward peaceful behavior but disapprove of aggressive and
    impulsive behaviors . Peaceful societies are characterized by the
    egalitarian social organization without status competition
    between men and without the asymmetric relationship between men
    and women . Another theory posited that populations adapt,
    therefore, offering a more logical explanation of why Mangyans
    preferred to retreat in the hinterlands . They accept peaceful
    submissiveness when they encounter lowland settlers,
    missionaries, traders and government officials .

    Mangyan is mainly subsistence agriculturalists, planting a


    variety of sweet potato, upland ( dry cultivation) rice, and
    taro . They also trap small animals and wild pigs . Many who live
    in close contact with lowland Filipinos sell cash crops such as
    bananas and ginger . Their languages are mutually
    unintelligible, though they share some vocabulary and use
    Hanunó ’ o script to write: Tawbu id and Buhid are closely
    related, and are unusual among Philippine languages in having
    an /f/ phoneme; Tawbu id is divided into eastern and western
    dialects; Western Tawbu id may be the only Philippine language
    to have no glottal phonemes, having neither /h/ or /ʔ/ .

    Their traditional religious world view is primarily animistic;


    around 10% have embraced Christianity, both Roman Catholicism
    and Evangelical Protestantism (The New Testaments have been
    published in six of the Mangyan languages) .
    ARTIFACTS
    The people living in Southern Mindoro during the pre-
    Hispanic era are exceptional in their weaving, pottery, and
    system of writing . Their clothing differs between genders
    .
    The male generally wears loincloths as covering for the
    lower body whereas the female would wear a skirt and a shirt
    for the top . The terms and materials would differ from
    tribe
    to tribe, but the exceptional designs would come from the
    Hanunó’os . Their textiles are dyed in indigo blue and
    have
    an embroidery design called pakudos at the back and can also
    be found on their woven bags .

    Pakudos meanwhile is a Mangyan design that is


    characterized
    by simple symmetrical organization with equal stress
    on
    vertical and horizontal composition and an orderly use
    of
    lines and spaces that are pleasing to the eyes.
    Their system of writing, called Surat Mangyan, is a pre-
    Hispanic syllabic system and is believed to be of Indic
    origin . It is still practiced today and is still being
    taught
    in different Mangyan schools of Oriental Mindoro .
    The
    Hanunó’os also practice their own traditional poetry called
    the Ambahan, a rhythmic poetic expression with a meter of
    seven syllables presented through recitation and chanting or
    inscribed on bamboo .

    The Mangyan script . When the Spaniards arrived in


    the
    Philippines, the more famous Filipino system of writing, the
    Baybayin was discarded . However, in Mindoro, the Buhid
    and
    Hanunoo Mangyans continued to practice their writing system.
    The Mangyan script like the Baybayin is based on the
    syllables of the Philippine phonetics . The National
    Museum
    declared this surviving system as National Cultural Treasures
    on December 9, 1997 . The UNESCO on October 6,
    1999,
    meanwhile, inscribed the scripts in the “Memory of the World”
    registry .

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