This document discusses different types of insulin, including their pharmacokinetics, applications, and additional considerations. It describes rapid-acting insulins like lispro, aspart, and glulisine which have onsets of 5-15 minutes and durations of 3-4 hours. Short-acting regular insulin has an onset of 30 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours. Intermediate-acting NPH insulin has an onset of 1-2 hours and duration of 10-16 hours. Long-acting insulins like glargine, detemir, and degludec have flat peaks and durations of around 24 hours. Mixed insulins have biphasic effects similar to regular/rapid-acting
This document discusses different types of insulin, including their pharmacokinetics, applications, and additional considerations. It describes rapid-acting insulins like lispro, aspart, and glulisine which have onsets of 5-15 minutes and durations of 3-4 hours. Short-acting regular insulin has an onset of 30 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours. Intermediate-acting NPH insulin has an onset of 1-2 hours and duration of 10-16 hours. Long-acting insulins like glargine, detemir, and degludec have flat peaks and durations of around 24 hours. Mixed insulins have biphasic effects similar to regular/rapid-acting
This document discusses different types of insulin, including their pharmacokinetics, applications, and additional considerations. It describes rapid-acting insulins like lispro, aspart, and glulisine which have onsets of 5-15 minutes and durations of 3-4 hours. Short-acting regular insulin has an onset of 30 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours. Intermediate-acting NPH insulin has an onset of 1-2 hours and duration of 10-16 hours. Long-acting insulins like glargine, detemir, and degludec have flat peaks and durations of around 24 hours. Mixed insulins have biphasic effects similar to regular/rapid-acting
This document discusses different types of insulin, including their pharmacokinetics, applications, and additional considerations. It describes rapid-acting insulins like lispro, aspart, and glulisine which have onsets of 5-15 minutes and durations of 3-4 hours. Short-acting regular insulin has an onset of 30 minutes and duration of 4-6 hours. Intermediate-acting NPH insulin has an onset of 1-2 hours and duration of 10-16 hours. Long-acting insulins like glargine, detemir, and degludec have flat peaks and durations of around 24 hours. Mixed insulins have biphasic effects similar to regular/rapid-acting
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Types of insulin Pharmacokinetics Application Additional considerations [1]
Rapid-acting insulin Lispro Onset: 5–15 minutes Basal-bolus insulin regimen Insulin analogs Aspart Peak: ∼ 1 hour Sliding scale insulin regimen Rapid absorption due to immediate dissociation into individual glulisine Duration: 3–4 hour insulin molecules No time interval between injection and meal necessary Usually combined with long-acting insulin Short-acting insulin Regular insulin Onset: ∼ 30 minutes Standard insulin option for lowering blood Recommended interval between injections and meals: 15–30 Peak: 2–3 hours glucose levels in an acute setting (see minutes Duration: 4–6 hours “Hyperglycemic crises”) Often used in combination with long-acting insulin Sliding scale insulin regimen The only insulin available for intravenous use Basal supported oral therapy (BOT) Intermediate-acting insulin NPH insulin Onset: 1–2 hours Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia (see Crystalline suspension consisting of regular insulin (with a high Peak: 6–10 hours weight-based NPH insulin regimen for level of solubility) and protamine (with a low level of solubility) Duration: 10–16 hours glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia) Recommended interval between injections and meal, if it is the Insulin regimens for enteral and parenteral only antidiabetic drug used: 30–60 minutes nutrition Often used in combination with rapid-acting or short-acting Basal-bolus insulin regimen for treatment- insulin resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus Usually administered twice daily Long-acting insulin Insulin glargine Onset: 1–4 hours Basal-bolus insulin regimen Insulin analogs Insulin detemir Peak: flat; not defined Basal supported oral therapy (BOT) More consistent effect and longer duration of action compared degludec Duration: ∼ 24 hours to NPH insulin Often used in combination with rapid or short-acting insulin Administered once or twice daily Mixed insulin Mixed insulin Biphasic effect Basal-bolus insulin regimen Typically a mixture of NPH insulin and either rapid-acting Short-term effect similar to that of insulin or regular insulin, in a predefined ratio regular insulin/lispro/aspart Administered 2–3 times daily Long-term effect similar to that of Only requires one injection per application without the need to NPH insulin mix fast- and intermediate-acting insulin
