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    History of Samba

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    Millescent Kate Davila
    Samba originated in Brazil and has roots in West African culture. Enslaved West Africans brought musical traditions like drumming and dancing to Brazil in the 16th century, which eventually developed into samba. In the late 19th century, descendants of slaves moved to Rio de Janeiro and continued developing samba by mixing styles. In the early 20th century, samba emerged as a distinct musical genre in Rio, characterized by new rhythmic patterns and organization into melodic parts. Samba became a symbol of Brazilian national identity and one of the country's most important cultural phenomena.

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    History of Samba

    Uploaded by

    Millescent Kate Davila
    32 views2 pages
    Samba originated in Brazil and has roots in West African culture. Enslaved West Africans brought musical traditions like drumming and dancing to Brazil in the 16th century, which eventually developed into samba. In the late 19th century, descendants of slaves moved to Rio de Janeiro and continued developing samba by mixing styles. In the early 20th century, samba emerged as a distinct musical genre in Rio, characterized by new rhythmic patterns and organization into melodic parts. Samba became a symbol of Brazilian national identity and one of the country's most important cultural phenomena.

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    Samba originated in Brazil and has roots in West African culture. Enslaved West Africans brought musical traditions like drumming and dancing to Brazil in the 16th century, which eventually developed into samba. In the late 19th century, descendants of slaves moved to Rio de Janeiro and continued developing samba by mixing styles. In the early 20th century, samba emerged as a distinct musical genre in Rio, characterized by new rhythmic patterns and organization into melodic parts. Samba became a symbol of Brazilian national identity and one of the country's most important cultural phenomena.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views2 pages

    History of Samba

    Uploaded by

    Millescent Kate Davila
    Samba originated in Brazil and has roots in West African culture. Enslaved West Africans brought musical traditions like drumming and dancing to Brazil in the 16th century, which eventually developed into samba. In the late 19th century, descendants of slaves moved to Rio de Janeiro and continued developing samba by mixing styles. In the early 20th century, samba emerged as a distinct musical genre in Rio, characterized by new rhythmic patterns and organization into melodic parts. Samba became a symbol of Brazilian national identity and one of the country's most important cultural phenomena.

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    Origins of Samba

    Samba is both a style of music and a type of dance that hails from Brazil. Samba's origins lie in the
    intertwined history of colonialism and slavery. The word 'samba' is thought to possibly come from a
    West African word semba, meaning a navel thrust or kind of physical invitation, an intimate
    movement possibly connected to religious and community celebrations in an African homeland. In
    the 16th century, Portuguese traders brought West African enslaved men and women to the state of
    Bahia in Brazil. The slaves retained the customs of their homelands, including a tradition of
    drumming and dancing, despite attempts by the Europeans to forbid such displays, which they
    considered vulgar.
    Through the 17th and 18th centuries, the music and dance survived in private celebrations held by
    slaves and former slaves in Bahia. In the mid-19th century, Brazil abolished slavery and
    descendants of the slaves moved south to Rio de Janeiro. They settled in the favelas, or poorer
    neighborhoods on the hills surrounding the city. They continued dancing to percussive music and
    developed samba out of a mix of styles, including Brazilian maxixe, a dance similar to tango. In
    1914, the first phonograph recording of samba music brought wider recognition, and samba grew in
    popularity
    Samba (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐb ̃ ɐ] ( listen)), also known as samba urbano carioca (urban
    Carioca samba)[1][2] or simply samba carioca (Carioca samba),[3][4] is a Brazilian music genre that
    originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century.[5][6] Having its
    roots in Brazilian folk traditions,[7][8] especially those linked to the primitive rural samba[5] of
    the colonial and imperial periods,[9] it is considered one of the most important cultural phenomena in
    Brazil[10][11] and one of the country's symbols.[12][13][14][15] Present in the Portuguese language at least
    since the 19th century, the word "samba" was originally used to designate a "popular dance".[16] Over
    time, its meaning has been extended to a "batuque-like circle dance", a dance style, and also to a
    "music genre".[16][17] This process of establishing itself as a musical genre began in the 1910s[18] and it
    had its inaugural landmark in the song "Pelo Telefone", launched in 1917.[19][20] Despite being
    identified by its creators, the public, and the Brazilian music industry as "samba", this pioneering
    style was much more connected from the rhythmic and instrumental point of view to maxixe than to
    samba itself.[18][21][22]
    Samba was modernly structured as a musical genre only in the late 1920s[18][21][23] from the
    neighborhood of Estácio and soon extended to Oswaldo Cruz and other parts of Rio through
    its commuter rail.[24] Today synonymous with the rhythm of samba,[25] this new samba brought
    innovations in rhythm, melody and also in thematic aspects.[26] Its rhythmic change based on a new
    percussive instrumental pattern resulted in a more "batucado" and syncopated style[27] – as opposed
    to the inaugural "samba-maxixe"[28] – notably characterized by a faster tempo, longer notes and a
    characterized cadence far beyond the simple ones palms used so far.[29][30] Also the "Estácio
    paradigm" innovated in the formatting of samba as a song, with its musical organization in first and
    second parts in both melody and lyrics.[22][31][32] In this way, the sambistas of Estácio created,
    structured and redefined the urban Carioca samba as a genre in a modern and finished way.[22] In
    this process of establishment as an urban and modern musical expression, the Carioca samba had
    the decisive role of samba schools, responsible for defining and legitimizing definitively the aesthetic
    bases of rhythm,[33] and radio broadcasting, which greatly contributed to the diffusion and
    popularization of the genre and its song singers.[34] Thus, samba has achieved major projection
    throughout Brazil and has become one of the main symbols of Brazilian national identity.[nb 1][nb 2][37]
    [7]
     Once criminalized and rejected for its Afro-Brazilian origins, and definitely working-class music in
    its mythic origins, the genre has also received support from members of the upper classes and the
    country's cultural elite.[13][38]
    At the same time that it established itself as the genesis of samba,[21] the "Estácio paradigm" paved
    the way for its fragmentation into new sub-genres and styles of composition and interpretation
    throughout the 20th century.[18][39] Mainly from the so-called "golden age" of Brazilian music,[40] samba
    received abundant categorizations, some of which denote solid and well-accepted derivative strands
    – such as bossa nova, pagode, partido alto, samba de breque, samba-canção, samba de
    enredo and samba de terreiro – while other nomenclatures were somewhat more imprecise – such
    as samba do barulho (literally "noise samba"), samba epistolar ("epistolary samba") ou samba
    fonético ("phonetic samba")[41] – and some merely derogatory – such as sambalada,[42] sambolero or
    sambão joia.[43]
    The modern samba that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century is predominantly in a 2
    4 time signature varied  with the conscious use of a sung chorus to a batucada rhythm, with various
    [16]

    stanzas of declaratory verses.[6][44] Its traditial instrumentation is composed of percussion instruments


    such as the pandeiro, cuíca, tamborim, ganzá and surdo[45][46][47] accompaniment – whose inspiration
    is choro – such as classical guitar and cavaquinho.[48][49] In 2007, the Brazilian National Institute of
    Historic and Artistic Heritage declared Carioca samba and three of its matrixes – samba de terreiro,
    partido-alto and samba de enredo – as cultural heritage in Brazil

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