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    Lecture No 1 Introduction To Pathology

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    Dr-Rukhshanda Ramzan
    Pathology is defined as the study of disease and involves understanding the cause, development, structural changes, and functional alterations of disease. It has four main aspects: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes (lesions), and functional/clinical changes. The lecture introduces pathology, defines key terms, and outlines the different fields including general pathology, systemic pathology, clinical pathology, and necropsy. The goal of pathology is to better understand disease to improve diagnosis and treatment.

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    Lecture No 1 Introduction To Pathology

    Uploaded by

    Dr-Rukhshanda Ramzan
    60 views17 pages
    Pathology is defined as the study of disease and involves understanding the cause, development, structural changes, and functional alterations of disease. It has four main aspects: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes (lesions), and functional/clinical changes. The lecture introduces pathology, defines key terms, and outlines the different fields including general pathology, systemic pathology, clinical pathology, and necropsy. The goal of pathology is to better understand disease to improve diagnosis and treatment.

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    Lecture No 1 Introduction to Pathology

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    Pathology is defined as the study of disease and involves understanding the cause, development, structural changes, and functional alterations of disease. It has four main aspects: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes (lesions), and functional/clinical changes. The lecture introduces pathology, defines key terms, and outlines the different fields including general pathology, systemic pathology, clinical pathology, and necropsy. The goal of pathology is to better understand disease to improve diagnosis and treatment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views17 pages

    Lecture No 1 Introduction To Pathology

    Uploaded by

    Dr-Rukhshanda Ramzan
    Pathology is defined as the study of disease and involves understanding the cause, development, structural changes, and functional alterations of disease. It has four main aspects: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes (lesions), and functional/clinical changes. The lecture introduces pathology, defines key terms, and outlines the different fields including general pathology, systemic pathology, clinical pathology, and necropsy. The goal of pathology is to better understand disease to improve diagnosis and treatment.

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    LECTURE NO.

    1
    Introduction to Pathology
    Learning Outcomes
    • By the end of the lecture you should be able to:
    • Define Pathology in two ways
    • Define General Pathology
    • Discuss about the Morphological Changes
    • Explain lesion and types of the Lesion
    • Define Gross examination and Histopathology
    • Four aspects of a disease process
    Introduction to Pathology
    • Pathology:
    • Pathology is the study of
    Disease. Disease?
    • Pathos – suffering, disease *loss of ease
    • Logos – study *a departure from a
    normal state
    Objective?

    The better we understand the disease, the


    better we can diagnose & treat it
    What‘s normal (When Body At Ease)

    Anatomy Histology Genetics

    Physiology Health is a state of an


    Biochemistry individual living in
    complete harmony with
    his environment.
    Now! Let’s define again

    Pathology is the study of morphological,


    functional, molecular and biochemical
    CHANGES in cells, tissues, or organs in
    response to an INJURY
    Cell damage is cell injury
    Courses
    General Vet.
    Pathology
    Poultry Pathology

    Necropsy
    Practices Systemic Vet.
    & Pathology
    Meat
    inspection

    Clinical Pathology
    Pathology Concerned with the
    General basic reactions of
    cells and tissues to
    Pathology injurious stimuli

    The application of
    Systemic these basic reactions
    to the various body
    Pathology systems, or to various
    specific diseases
    Pathology It includes certain
    Clinical laboratory methods which
    Pathology help in making the
    diagnosis e.g. urine
    examination, blood
    examination etc

    Postmortem examination
    Necropsy of animals.
    & meat To determine the health
    of animals both prior to
    inspection death (ante mortem) and
    after death (post mortem)
    Pathology covers Four aspects of a
    disease process
    1 Etiology: Etiology of a
    Aetiology ( cause of disease means the cause of the
    disease) disease, when the cause is
    unknown it is called idiopathic
    etiology.
    Pathogenesis
    2 Pathogenesis: Mechanism of
    development of a disease.
    Morphological
    Changes (Lesions)

    Functional alterations
    and changes
    (Pathophysiology)
    Agents (Aetiology) that cause things to go
    wrong/ injury
    Physical

    Parasitic Environmental

    Chemicals Microbial

    Genetic Nutritious
    3 Morphological Changes (Lesion)

    A lesion is any
    damage or
    The structural abnormal change in
    alterations in cells the tissue structure
    or tissues of an organism,
    usually caused by
    disease

    Morphology: study of forms and structures


    Types of Lesion Let’s define again the lesion

    Macroscopic or Microscopic morphological


    alteration occurring in the tissue structure or
    function as the result of injury

    Macroscopic or Gross Lesions Microscopic or histopathology


    Can see through the naked Lesions
    eye Can see through a microscope

    Gross Pathology/Examination Histopathology


    Examination of tissue without Study of diseases tissue
    the help of a microscope under a microscope
    Gross Lesion)

    Multifocal Granulomas
    Microscopic Lesion

    Granuloma
    Pathognomonic Lesion: A lesion or sign that is
    specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or
    pathological condition.
    4 Functional alterations and changes
    The morphological changes will lead to functional
    alterations to produce the clinical signs & symptoms of
    the disease.
    Sign: Objective, seen by observer or clinician.
    Symptom: Generally subjective, experienced &
    described by patient.
    Two main divisions of Pathology
    ANATOMICAL (Anatomic) Pathology: The diagnosis of the
    disease based on the Gross examination (Gross pathology),
    Microscopic examination (Histopathology), Molecular
    examination of organs tissues (Molecular pathology), Dead
    bodies examination (Necropsy).
    Include General Pathology and Systemic Pathology
    CLINICAL Pathology: The diagnosis of the disease based on
    the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids (blood, urine, tissue
    aspirates) using the tools of chemistry and hematology.
    Forensic pathology: determining cause of death, usually for criminal law
    cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions.
    In summary, pathology
    studies: etiology,
    pathogenesis, morphological
    changes, clinical features,
    diagnosis and prognosis of all
    the diseases.
    Thanks
    Dr Rukhshanda
    Ramzaan
    RcVet Lahore

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