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    IMD - Amboss - USMLE Step 1 QBank - 2022 - Question 2 of 40

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    Ubaud Jhan
    A 21-year-old man is admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure and is on a ventilator. His minute ventilation is calculated to be 7.0 L/min and alveolar ventilation is 5.1 L/min. Decreasing the physiologic dead space would most likely decrease the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation. The physiologic dead space consists of areas of the lungs that do not participate in gas exchange, so reducing this space would increase alveolar ventilation.

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    IMD - Amboss - USMLE Step 1 QBank - 2022 - Question 2 of 40

    Uploaded by

    Ubaud Jhan
    38 views1 page
    A 21-year-old man is admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure and is on a ventilator. His minute ventilation is calculated to be 7.0 L/min and alveolar ventilation is 5.1 L/min. Decreasing the physiologic dead space would most likely decrease the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation. The physiologic dead space consists of areas of the lungs that do not participate in gas exchange, so reducing this space would increase alveolar ventilation.

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    A 21-year-old man is admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure and is on a ventilator. His minute ventilation is calculated to be 7.0 L/min and alveolar ventilation is 5.1 L/min. Decreasing the physiologic dead space would most likely decrease the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation. The physiologic dead space consists of areas of the lungs that do not participate in gas exchange, so reducing this space would increase alveolar ventilation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views1 page

    IMD - Amboss - USMLE Step 1 QBank - 2022 - Question 2 of 40

    Uploaded by

    Ubaud Jhan
    A 21-year-old man is admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure and is on a ventilator. His minute ventilation is calculated to be 7.0 L/min and alveolar ventilation is 5.1 L/min. Decreasing the physiologic dead space would most likely decrease the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation. The physiologic dead space consists of areas of the lungs that do not participate in gas exchange, so reducing this space would increase alveolar ventilation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    A 21-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

    His minute ventilation


    is calculated to be 7.0 L/min, and his alveolar ventilation is calculated to be 5.1 L/min. Which of the following is most likely to
    decrease the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

    Show Hint

    A. Decreasing the physiologic dead space

    B. Increasing the partial pressure of inhaled oxygen

    C. Decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

    D. Increasing the respiratory depth

    E. Increasing the respiratory rate

    Correct
    73% answered correctly

    Explanation:

    Correct Answer Is A [ 73% ]

    The physiologic dead space consists of the volume of air in the conducting airways (i.e., anatomic dead space) and the sum of the
    volumes of alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange (i.e., alveolar dead space). Decreasing the physiologic dead space
    reduces the difference between minute ventilation (tidal volume x respiratory rate) and alveolar ventilation ([tidal volume –
    physiologic dead space volume] x respiratory rate).

    In healthy lungs, physiologic dead space is approximately equivalent to anatomic dead space. In diseases that result in decreased
    perfusion of lung tissue (e.g., pulmonary embolism), there is increased alveolar dead space ventilation.

    [ B ] [ 10% ]

    Increasing the partial pressure of inhaled oxygen improves oxygenation of the blood because it increases the alveolar partial
    pressure of oxygen. Because gas moves from areas of high partial pressure to areas of low partial pressure, a greater pressure
    difference creates a strong gradient for oxygen to diffuse across the blood-air barrier into the blood. The partial pressure of inhaled
    oxygen does not affect ventilation or volume parameters.

    [ C ] [ 1% ]

    Decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (i.e., a right-shift of the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin) facilitates the
    unloading of oxygen in the peripheral tissues and leads to better tissue oxygenation. It does not affect ventilation or volume
    parameters.

    [ D ] [ 9% ]

    Increasing the respiratory depth per breath (i.e., tidal volume) increases minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation in the same
    proportion and, therefore, does not change the difference between these two values.

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