GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY:

I. Choose the words or phrases that best fit the gap in each sentence or is CLOSEST in
meaning to the underline part in each of the following questions. (20 points)
1. ____, both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the rail way mechanical
engineer.
A. Railroad history B. Railroad history includes
C. Through railroad history D. In railroad history there are
2. Newspaper publishers in the United States have estimated ___ reads a newspaper every day.
A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
3. My decision to leave university after a year is one I now ____ regret.
A. harshly B. painfully C. keenly D. heavily
4. Despite all the interruptions, he ____ with his work.
A. pressed on B. held on C. stuck at D. hung out
5. The organization has the authority to manage and regulate new and existing free trade
agreements, to supervise world trade practices and to settle trade disputes among member states.
A. prolong B. strengthen C. reconcile D. augment
6. Many a ________it difficult to avoid the interference of mass media in their life.
A. pop star find B. pop star finds C. pop stars find D. pop stars finds
7. He went to Australia hoping to find a teaching ________ without too much difficulty. 
A. work B. occupation C. employment D. post
8. The president placed his car at my _______ as a bonus for my good work.
A. disposal B. like C. expense D. wit’s end
9. My father has decided to ________ a beard to cover a small scar he has on his chin.
A. rear B. bring up C. breed D. grow
10. The workers decided to _______ until their demands were met.
A. stand up B. lie behind C. sit in D. sleep out
11. When we heard the news about their marriage, _____________
A. we were completely out of the question. B. it was completely once in a blue moon.
C. it was completely impossible. D. it was completely out of the blue.
12. It’s a small black dog and _____ to the name of “Emily”
A. belongs B. answers C. obeys D. responds
13. “He’s not interested in Physics, is he?” – “________”
A. No problem! B. No, he isn’t. I’m afraid.
C. Yes, he is not at all. D. I promise he isn’t.
14. Managers of small businesses prefer ____ on doing their management work.
A. centrality B. centralization C. centralism D. centre
15. My father supposes, _____, that he will be retiring at 60.
A. like most people did B. like most people do
C. as do most people D. as most of people
16. What made Peter ____ his family and his job? Where did he go and why?
A. walk away on B. leave out at C. go off on D. walk out on
17. My grandfather has a________ storage house.
A. beautiful big cubic old yellow wooden B. big beautiful old cubic yellow wooden
C. beautiful cubic big old yellow woodenD. beautiful old big cubic wooden yellow
18. _____ number of boys were swimming in the lake, but I didn’t know ____ exact number of
them.
A. A/ the B. The/ an C. The/ the D. A/an
19. A: “I left work early today, dear.” - B: “_____”
A. Why was that B. Why did you leave
C. How’s that? D. When so?
20. A: “Come on, Peter. I want to show you something”
B: “Oh how nice of you! I ________you________ to bring me gift.”
A. never think/ are going B. never thought/ were going
C. didn’t think/ are going D. hadn’t thought/ would be going

II. From four underlined parts, choose the one that needs correction and then correct it.

1. Any property that a bankrupt person may still have is usually divided among the various
A B C
people to whom money are owned.
D
2. The body does not stay at the alike temperature from morning till night.
A B C D
3. A loudspeaker functions on the same principle that the telephone receiver does, but it is
A B C

more larger and louder.

D
4. Thunder that is audible from distances as far away as ten miles.
A B C D
5. Good dental hygiene and a proper diet are necessary for the maintain of sound teeth.
A B C D
III. Fill each gap in the following sentences with one suitable preposition or particle. Write
your answer in the gap.
31. There are many advantages __________ being able to speak a foreign language.
32. My hands were blue __________ cold when I got home.
33. I’d like to exchange this car __________ a new model but I can’t afford it.
34. It falls __________ Mary to care for her mother since her sister moved.
35. The family may not be very rich, but they are certainly well __________.
36. The firm will have to step _________ production if it is to defeat its competitors.  
37. Well, it’s getting late – perhaps we’d better get __________ to business.
38. A lion has escaped and is __________ large in the city.
39. You can't miss him. That haircut makes him stand __________in a crowd.
40. I am really thirsty. I could do __________a drink.
IV. Provide the correct form of the words in brackets.
Responding to (1. provoke) ______________ insults that have been thrown at you is a wonderful
way of honing your sense of humour. The great (2. play) ______________ George Bernard Shaw
was a contemporary of Winston Churchill’s. GBS thoughtfully invited Churchill to the first night of
one of this plays, (3. close) ______________ two tickets with a note which said, ‘One for yourself
and one for a friend – if you have one.’ Churchill lost no time in writing back, saying that,
unfortunately, due to pressure of work, he would be unable to come, but could he have tickets for
the second night – ‘if there is one.’
This joke was (4. date) ______________ more recently by a prominent (5. politics)
______________ in the Labour Party, when speaking to a colleague and (6. term)
______________ rival of his. The two men found themselves in the same meeting, despite being (7.
swear) ______________ enemies. The colleague apparently rose to excuse himself, saying that he
had arranged to phone some friends, (8. upon) ______________ the statesman immediately gave
him a small coin (enough for a brief local call) and said (9. wit) ______________, ‘There you are.
Go (10. head) ______________ and phone them all!’

READING
I. Read the following passage and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each space
The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which has been (1) ______ for
broken relationships, job losses, financial ruin, and even suicide. Psychologists now recognize
Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) (2)______ a new illness that could (3) ______ serious problems
and ruin many lives. Special help groups have been set up to (4) ______ sufferers help and support.
Psychologists have described many worrying examples, (5) ______ one man who took his
own life after (6) ______ more than ₤ 14,000 to feed his addiction, and a teenager who had to
receive psychiatric treatment for his 12-hour-a-day (7) ______. "This illness is not fake, and it must
be (8)______ seriously," said an expert in behavioural addiction at Nottingham Trent University.
"These are not sad people with serious personality defects; they are people who were fine (9)
______ they found the Internet."
IAS is similar (10)______ other problems like gambling, smoking and drinking: addicts have
dreams about the Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they (11) ______ to their
partners about how much time they spent online; they wish they could cut down, but are unable to
do so. A recent study found that many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet; (12)
______ they felt guilty, they became depressed if they were made to stop using it.
(13)______ anyone can be at risk. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already hooked
on computer games and who (14) ______ it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet.
Surprisingly, (15) ______, psychologists say that most victims are middle-aged housewives who
have never used a computer before.
1. A. blamed B. faulted C. mistaken D. accused
2. A. like B. such C. as D. for
3. A. lead B. affect C. take D. cause
4. A. offer B. suggest C. recommend D. advise
5. A. consisting B. including C. comprising D. composing
6. A. gaining B. lending C. borrowing D. winning
7. A. custom B. habit C. manner D. routine
8. A. considered B. realised C. thought D. taken
9. A. before B. after C. as soon as D. when
10. A. with B. to C. as D. in
11. A. betray B. deceive C. cheat D. lie
12. A. although B. despite C. unless D. without
13. A. Nearly all B. Most of C. Most D. Almost
14. A. say B. feel C. find D. have
15. A. but B. therefore C. however D. so
II. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions.
The biologist's role in society as well as his moral and ethical responsibility in the discovery and
development of new ideas has led to a reassessment of his social and scientific value systems. A
scientist can no longer ignore the consequences of his discoveries; he is as concerned with the
possible misuses of his findings as he is with the basic research in which he is involved. This
emerging social and political role of the biologist and all other scientists requires a weighing of
values that cannot be done with the accuracy or the objectivity of a laboratory balance. As a member
of society, it is necessary for a biologist now to redefine his social obligations and his functions,
particularly in the realm of making judgments about such ethical problems as man's control of his
environment or his manipulation of genes to direct further evolutionary development.

As a result of recent discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms, genetic engineering, by which

human traits are made to order, may soon be a reality. As desirable as it may seem to be, such an
accomplishment would entail many value judgments. Who would decide, for example, which traits
should be selected for change? In cases of genetic deficiencies and disease, the desirability of the
change is obvious, but the possibilities for social misuse are so numerous that they may far outweigh
the benefits.

Probably the greatest biological problem of the future, as it is of the present, will be to find ways to
curb environmental pollution without interfering with man’s constant effort to improve the quality
of his life. Many scientists believe that underlying the spectre of pollution is the problem of surplus
human population. A rise in population necessitates an increase in the operations of modern
industry, the waste products of which increase the pollution of air, water, and soil. The question of
how many people the resources of the Earth can support is one of critical importance.

Although the solutions to these and many other problems are yet to be found, they do indicate the
need for biologists to work with social scientists and other members of society in order to determine
the requirements necessary for maintaining a healthy and productive planet. For although many of
man’s present and future problems may seem to be essentially social, political, or economic in
nature, they have biological ramifications that could affect the very existence of life itself.
1. According to the passage, a modern scientist should be more concerned about ____.
A his basic research B. the development of new ideas
C. his manipulation of genes D. the consequences of his discoveries
2. The pronoun "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. a reality B. an accomplishment 
C. genetic engineering D. hereditary mechanism
3. It is implied in the passage that genetic engineering ____.
A. may do us more harm than good B. is no longer desirable
C. is the most desirable for life D. will change all human traits
4. The pronoun "they" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. 
A. discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms B. effects of genetic engineering misuse 
C. cases of genetic deficiencies D. possibilities for genetic deficiencies 
5. What is probably the most important biological problem mentioned in the passage?
A. social and economic deficiencies B. manipulation of genes 
C. genetic engineering misuse D. environmental pollution
6. The word "which" in paragraph 3 refers to ____.
A. activities of an overpopulated society's industry B. the waste products dumped into our
environment
C. activities of surplus human population D. serious environmental pollution
7. The word "underlying" in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by "____".
A. noticing B. causing C. finding D. depriving
8. According to the passage, to save our planet, biologists should work
A. harder and harder B. accurately and objectively
C. on social and political purposes D. with other social scientists 
9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "ramifications" in paragraph 4?
A. useful experiments B. effective techniques
C. harmful consequences D. latest developments 
10. What is the author's purpose in this passage?
A. To conduct a survey of the biologist's role in society
B. To urge biologists to solve the problem of surplus human population
C. To emphasize the biologist's role in solving the world's problems 
D. To advise biologists to carry out extensive research into genetic engineering

WRITING. Write a new sentence so that it has the same meaning as the original sentence:
1. I am having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week.
-> If I______________________________________________________________________
2. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
-> Hardly___________________________________________________________________
3. “Nothing will persuade me to sleep in that haunted house”, she said
-> She flatly________________________________________________________________
4. I was too scared to tell him what I really thought.
-> I lacked__________________________________________________________________
5. The house shouldn’t be left unlocked for any reason
-> On no___________________________________________________________________