04 ELMS Task Your Stand in The Case

Emily Shayne D.
Abong 12/17/2020
Mr. Erick Enerio BSTM – 101
04 ELMS Task: Your Stand in the Case – ARG
I. Introduction about the Issue
Land/ Agrarian Reform is a major reform measure intended to address rustic destitution, as
provincial neediness has consistently had been exceptionally connected to access to land. It is
even a repetitive topic throughout the entire existence of the various nations on the planet. The
Greek and Roman periods were loaded up with accounts of battles over a real estate parcel
between the landowners and the landless people. It came about to battle for force, eminence and
possession.
In the Philippines, after the foundation of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the issues of
land residency remained. It was even generally serious in specific regions of the nation that came
about to workers challenge the landowners. The workers requested for evenhanded admittance to
the land they work which is the principle wellspring of job and food in the rustic territories.
II. The Issue itself
Brief History of the Issue
Land Reform was high in the advancement plan during the 1950s particularly in Asia and the
Middle East yet throughout the 1960-70s it missed the mark as the political will of that time was
different and here in our nation it’s been a Political issue for quite a long time, a factor that added
to it during that time until here in present occasions.
- Pre- Colonial Era
Before the Spaniards went to the Philippines, we have a diverse nation or kingdoms,
Barangays, which govern by the datus that offer protection and security. Bater was the main type
of exchange or trade in those days, Tax (called buwis or handug,) Came in types of yields or
products, which individuals living under the datu share a bit of their collect or property, in return
for security and protection. Since the Datus (nobility) and maharlika’s offers protection, only the
timawas (free men) pay the taxes, while the uripon (slaves) ) couldn't offer anything since they
References:
https://www.dar.gov.ph/about-us/agrarian-reform-history/
https://elms.sti.edu/files/4039736/04_Handout_2(2).pdf?
lmsauth=2d093e85cd270e4bad01184ce88a2e013672525d
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lived to serve ; consequently the most noteworthy and the least of the standings where excluded
from tax payment.
- Spanish Era
When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the concept of encomienda (Royal Land
Grants)was introduced. This system grants that Encomienderos must defend his encomienda
from external attack, maintain peace and order within, and support the missionaries. In
turn, the encomiendero acquired the right to collect tribute from the indios (native).
The system, however, degenerated into abuse of power by the encomienderos The
tribute soon became land rents to a few powerful landlords. And the natives who once
cultivated the lands in freedom were transformed into mere share tenants.
- American Era
Significant legislation enacted during the American Period:

 Philippine Bill of 1902 – Set the ceilings on the hectare range of private individuals
and c or po ra t io ns ma y a cq u ir e : 1 6 fo r pr iv a te in di v id u al s a nd 1 ,0 24 f or
corporations.
 Land Regis tra tion A ct of 1902 (A ct N o. 496) – P rovided for a
compr ehens ive registration of land titles under the Torrens system.
 Public Land Act of 1903 – introduced the homestead system in the Philippines.
 Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054 and 4113) – regulated relationships between
landowners and tenants of rice (50-50 sharing) and sugar cane lands.
The Torrens system, which the Americans instituted for the registration of lands, did not solve
the problem completely. Either they were not aware of the law or if they did, they could not
pay the survey cost and other fees required in applying for a Torrens title.
- Japanese Era
The Second World War II started in Europe in 1939 and in the Pacific in 1941.
Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese lost
their lands to peasants while those who supported the Huks earned fixed rentals in favor of the
tenants. Unfortunately, the end of war also signaled the end of gains acquired by the
peasants.Upon the arrival of the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, peasants and workers
organizations grew strength. Many peasants took up arms and identified themselves with the
anti-Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon).
References:
Laws Enacted
- Roxas Administration
Republic Act No. 34 - Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-tenancy
contracts.
Republic Act No. 55 - Provided for a more effective safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of
tenants
- Quirino Administration
Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950 - Replaced the National Land Settlement
Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over
the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn
Production Administration.
- Magsaysay Administration
Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 - Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless
farmers. It was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in
Palawan and Mindanao.
Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) - governed the relationship between
landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system. The law
provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian Relations.
Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) - Created the Land Tenure Administration
(LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn
lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.
Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration) -
Provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates of six to eight percent.
- Macapagal Administration
Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 (Agricultural Land Reform Code) - Abolished share
tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set retention limit at 75 hectares, invested rights of
preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, provided for an administrative machinery for
implementation, institutionalized a judicial system of agrarian cases, incorporated extension,
marketing and supervised credit system of services of farmer beneficiaries.
References:
- Marcos Administration
Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971 - Created the
Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund. It strengthen
the position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian reform.
Presidential Decree No. 2, September 26, 1972 - Declared the country under land reform
program. It enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to extend full cooperation and
assistance to the DAR. It also activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council.
Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972 - Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and
corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares.
- Cory Aquino Administration

Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 – Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-
beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It also determined the value remaining unvalued rice and corn
lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by the FBs and mode of
compensation to landowners.
Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism for the implementation of the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 – Instituted the CARP as a major program of the
government. It provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an
initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of the program from 1987-1992.
Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 – streamlined and expanded the power and operations
of the DAR.
Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) – An act which
became effective June 15, 1988 and instituted a comprehensive agrarian reform program to
promote social justice and industrialization providing the mechanism for its implementation and
for other purposes. This law is still the one being implemented at present.
Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 – Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the
responsibility to determine land valuation and compensation for all lands covered by CARP.
Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990 – Accelerated the acquisition and distribution of
agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds, agro-forestry lands and other lands of the public
domain suitable for agriculture.
- Ramos Administration
Republic Act No. 7881, 1995 – Amended certain provisions of RA 6657 and exempted fishponds
and prawns from the coverage of CARP.
Republic Act No. 7905, 1995 – Strengthened the implementation of the CARP.
References:
Executive Order No. 363, 1997 – Limits the type of lands that may be converted by setting
conditions under which limits the type of lands that may be converted by setting conditions
under which specific categories of agricultural land are either absolutely non-negotiable for
conversion or highly restricted for conversion.
Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act AFMA) – Plugged
the legal loopholes in land use conversion.
Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill) – Provided an additional Php50 billion for
CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years.
- Estrada Administration
Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999 (Farmer’s Trust Fund) – Allowed the voluntary
consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can
access long-term capital.
- P – noy Aquino Administration

Executive Order No. 26, Series of 2011 - to mandate the Department of Agriculture-Department
of Environment and Natural Resources-Department of Agrarian Reform Convergence Initiative
to develop a National Greening Program in cooperation with other government agencies.
III. The Stand
Positive Stand
I Agree with the Agrarian Reform Law as the program as it was for the welfare of the
landless farmers and homestead laborers to get land and for them to help the economy of our
nation and to help feed our country likewise this law promotes the equal distribution and
ownership of Lands to help improve their quality of lives and for greater productivity of our
agricultural sector and lands.
Negative Stand
I Disagree with a portion of the acts of on certain landowners or proprietors like the
Aquino Cojuangco Clan in Tarlac where during the 1950s they have bought and have a
concurrence with the public authority that in 10 years the land would be circulated to small
farmers however that didn't occurred and the Issue of Hacienda Luisita Murders and Massacre
that occurred during that time are frightening and chilling to us after being told and knowing the
story.
References:
Final Stand and Justification
The Land Reform programs have been enacted and done by numerous Presidents for the
last 50+ Years, as years pass by the Objectives have change to actually fit the momentum
standard of times as each new President is casted a ballot and situated the plan's additionally
have changed and that is likewise the reason for the first goals of the main pass law practically
excess and diverse to the one established of the current President plan. I've notice on some past
president that some are making the Law first in their plan some don't and just pushed it aside,
and Land Reform has nearly become a Politic Reality which implies legislative issues assumed a
critical part in a few and different strategies and projects that are embraced by a current
president. Overall, the program involves genuine test to prevail as a plan on neediness decrease
of the public authority over the long haul. While modest outcomes have been observed in the
current land reform
References:
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Emily Shayne D.

04 ELMS Task: Your Stand in the Case – ARG

I. Introduction about the Issue

II. The Issue itself

Brief History of the Issue

- Pre- Colonial Era

Significant legislation enacted during the American Period:

- Cory Aquino Administration

- P – noy Aquino Administration

III. The Stand

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