Water Soft Ner
Water Soft Ner
Water Soft Ner
Extract from ASPE, Chap 11 - Water Treatment, Conditioning, and Purification Approved by:
The following are extracts from ASPE Data Book, Volume 2, Chapter 11 - " Water Treatment,
Conditioning, and Purification".
Hardness: is a measure of the total calcium, magnesium, iron and other metallic elements that
contribute to the "hard" feel of water. Carbonate, sulfate, and chloride salts of these
elements are responsible for most of the scaling deposited on pipe and boiler walls.
Generally accepted practice limits the term "hardness" to include only calcium and
magnesium. Hardness is usually expressed in terms of mg/L (ppm) as CaCO 3.