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Presented to: Madam Fatima Agha

Mongols Empire

Submitted by:
Adil Anwar Ali 46322
Muhammad Talha 47304
Muhammad Waleed Ahmed 48951
Bilal Shaikh 54846
Hamza 49838
Acknowledgment:
First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Almighty Allah, who
enabled me to undertake such an important task to study World History
Presentation.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to several individuals and
organizations for supporting me throughout my presentation. I wish to express my
sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Madam Fatima Agha, for her enthusiasm,
patience, insightful comments, helpful information, practical advice, and unceasing
ideas that have helped me tremendously at all times in my presentation and writing
of this project.
Her immense knowledge, profound experience, and professional expertise in
World History have enabled me to complete this presentation successfully.
Without her support and guidance, this presentation would not have been possible.
I could not have imagined having a better supervisor in my study.
From Where Did the Mongols Originate?
Mongol, a Central Asian ethnographic group of closely related tribal peoples who
reside primarily on the Mongolian Plateau and share a shared language and
nomadic culture. History began approximately 1,000 years ago when the ruling
dynasty of the Xiongnu Empire collapsed.
They originated in what was then part of the Eurasian Steppes region of northern
Asia, which includes modern Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
They are multiethnic people with diverse ethnic groups speaking many different
languages. The largest ethnic group consists of the Khalkha Mongols, who inhabit
the Inner Mongolian Plateau around the capital city of Ulan Bator. About 34
percent of the total Mongolian population lives in this area.

What did the Mongols Do :


The Mongols were famous for their horsemanship. They developed the use of the
bow and arrow, and later, the wheeled chariot. They were also great hunters
Their economy was based primarily on agriculture, over 80 percent of the
population was engaged in farming. And their most important crops included
barley, millet, wheat, oats, rye, beans, peas, lentils, potatoes, cabbage, carrots, and
onions.
The livestock they raised included horses, sheep, goats, camels, cows, and yaks.
Many of the tribes of the Inner Mongolia plateau were nomadic herders, moving
their herds across the grasslands in search of fresh grazing areas. But some
Mongols, especially the Khalkha Mongols, settled permanently in one place and
built large fortified cities. During the medieval period, the Mongols controlled the
Silk Road trade route linking Europe and the Far East.
They were so successful that they made the Middle East and Western Europe
dependent upon them for grain. This ensured the prosperity of the Mongols and
weakened those countries, which could not feed their own populations.
Achievements Of Mongols:
The Mongols leader Kublai Khan Patronized Painting & the theater which was
experienced to be the golden age during the Yuan dynasty.
Kublai and his successors also recruited and employed Confucian scholars and
Tibetan Buddhist monks as advisers, a policy that led to many innovative ideas and
the construction of new temples and monasteries.
 The Mongol Khans also funded advances in medicine and astronomy throughout
their domains. And their construction projects — an extension of the Grand Canal
in the direction of Beijing, the building of a capital city in Daidu.
There are many things the Mongols did for Chinese development like tax farming,
and foreign taxes, leading to the prosperity of cities along with the reopening of the
silk roads, the reunification of China and the reopening of the grand canal, and
many other ports of trade.
The Mongols always favored trade. Their nomadic way of life caused them to
recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times and, unlike the
Chinese, they had a positive attitude toward merchants and commerce
They also expedited and encouraged travel in the sizable section of Asia that was
under their rule, permitting European merchants, craftsmen, and envoys to journey
as far as China for the first time. Asian goods reached Europe along the caravan
trails AKA Silk Road.
The construction of a sizable network of roads and postal stations throughout their
lands — promoted developments in science and engineering
At the empire's peak, Mongols controlled up to 12 million square miles. Despite its
reputation for brutal warfare, the Mongol Empire briefly enabled peace, stability,
trade, and protected travel under a period of “Pax Mongolicain,” or Mongol peace,
beginning in about 1279 and lasting until the empire's end.
The fall of the Mongol Empire:
After Kublai’s death in 1294, the Mongol Empire fragmented. Many of his
successors were inept, and none attained Kublai’s stature.
From 1300 on disputes over succession weakened the central government in China,
and there were frequent rebellions. The Yuan Dynasty fell in 1368, overthrown by
the Chinese rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, who established the Ming Dynasty and
became known as the Hongwu emperor.
The most enduring part of the Mongol Empire proved to be the Golden Horde. It
had begun to decline significantly in the mid-14th century, however, after an
outbreak of the Black Death and the murder of one of its rulers. The Golden Horde
finally broke apart into several smaller territories in the 15th century.
The collapse of the Mongol Empire. After the death of Ögödei the Mongol elites
struggled to find a replacement to serve as the Great Khan.
Mongol Failed Invasions. The Mongols tried twice to invade Japan but they failed.

Conclusion:
The Mongolian Empire begin in 1206 when Genghis Khan was elected by the
federation tribe on the banks of the Onon river.
The Mongols established the heterogeneous world that connects East with the
West, Shamanism & Buddhism with Islam & Christianity
They were nomads so they do trade for a living and always settled in b/w the rich
people where they can trade their products they started trading in Europe through
the Silk Road
Despite of their reputation as warfare Mongols ruled over 12 million square miles
with peace, stability, trade, and protected travel under a period of “Pax
Mongolicain,”
After the death of Kublai Khan, the Mongols were fragmented as no other can
attained the stature of Kublai Khan it started the fall of the Mongol empire as
disputes weakened the government of Mongols over China.
After the Outbreak of the black death and the murder of one of their rulers, the
Golden Horde finally break into small territories in the 15th century.

Reference:
1. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/mongols
2. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Genghis-Khan
3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire
4. https://youtu.be/wUVvTqvjUaM
5. https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/china/genghis-khan

Self-Reflection:
Adil Anwar Ali 46322:
The group of people I worked with to Mongols Empire history. Being a part, I learned a great
deal about the subject, the greatest benefit was in learning history. The structure of the project
contributed greatly to my ability to accept challenges and think critically and how to face
tackling history throughout the web-browsing.
The idea and guidance from the respective faculty were very beneficial for me.

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