Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes

1.0. Introduction

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 (hereafter referred to as NEP or Policy)
recognizes that higher education plays an extremely important role in promoting human
as well as societal well-being and in developing India as envisioned in its Constitution - a
democratic, just, socially conscious, cultured, and humane nation upholding liberty,
equality, fraternity, and justice for all. It notes that “given the 21 st-century requirements,
quality higher education must aim to develop good, thoughtful, well-rounded, and creative
individuals”.

The NEP 2020 states, “Assessments of educational approaches in undergraduate

education that integrate the humanities and arts with Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM) have consistently shown positive learning outcomes, including
increased creativity and innovation, critical thinking and higher-order thinking capacities,
problem-solving abilities, teamwork, communication skills, more in-depth learning and
mastery of curricula across fields, increases in social and moral awareness, etc., besides
general engagement and enjoyment of learning”

Further, it also recommends that “the undergraduate degree will be of either 3 or 4-year
duration, with multiple exit options within this period, with appropriate certifications, e.g.,
a UG certificate after completing 1 year in a discipline or field including vocational and
professional areas, or a UG diploma after 2 years of study, or a Bachelor’s degree after
a 3-year programme. The 4-year multidisciplinary Bachelor's programme, however, shall
be the preferred option since it allows the opportunity to experience the full range of
holistic and multidisciplinary education in addition to a focus on the chosen major and
minors as per the choices of the student”.

In accordance with the NEP 2020, the UGC has formulated a new student-centric
“Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes (CCFUP)”
incorporating a flexible choice-based credit system, multidisciplinary approach, and
multiple entry and exit options. This will facilitate students to pursue their career path by
choosing the subject/field of their interest.

2.0. Anchors to the National Education Policy 2020

2.1. NEP principles that have a bearing on the curricular thrusts at different
stages of higher education

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 The NEP highlights certain fundamental principles that would guide both the education
system at large, as well as individual educational institutions. The principles that have a
direct bearing on the curricula for different levels of higher education include:

i. Recognizing, identifying, and fostering the unique capabilities of each student to

promote her/his holistic development;

ii. Flexibility, so that learners can select their learning trajectories and programmes,
and thereby choose their own paths in life according to their talents and interests;

iii. Flexibility, so that learners can select their learning trajectories and programmes,
and thereby choose their own paths in life according to their talents and interests;

iv. Multidisciplinary and holistic education across the sciences, social sciences, arts,
humanities, and sports for a multidisciplinary world;

v. Emphasis on conceptual understanding rather than rote learning, critical thinking

to encourage logical decision-making and innovation; ethics and human &
constitutional values, and life skills such as communication, teamwork, leadership,
and resilience;

vi. Extensive use of technology in teaching and learning, removing language barriers,
increasing access for Divyang students, and educational planning and
management;

vii. Respect for diversity and respect for the local context in all curricula, pedagogy,
and policy;

viii. Equity and inclusion as the cornerstone of all educational decisions to ensure that
all students are able to thrive in the education system and the institutional
environment are responsive to differences to ensure that high-quality education is
available for all.

ix. Rootedness and pride in India, and its rich, diverse, ancient, and modern culture,
languages, knowledge systems, and traditions.

2.2. Transformative initiatives that have a bearing on the undergraduate

education

The NEP envisages several transformative initiatives in higher education. These include :

• Introducing holistic and multidisciplinary undergraduate education that would help

develop all capacities of human beings - intellectual, aesthetic, social, physical,
emotional, ethical, and moral - in an integrated manner; soft skills, such as complex
problem solving, critical thinking, creative thinking, communication skills; and
rigorous specialization in a chosen field (s) of learning.

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
• Adoption of flexible curricular structures in order to enable creative combinations
of disciplinary areas for study in multidisciplinary contexts that would also allow
flexibility in course options that would be on offer to students, in addition to rigorous
specialization in a subject or subjects.

• Undergraduate degree programmes of either 3 or 4-year duration, with multiple

entry and exit points and re-entry options, with appropriate certifications such as:

• a UG certificate after completing 1 year (2 semesters) of study in the chosen fields

of study,

• a UG diploma after 2 years (4 semesters) of study,

• a bachelor’s degree after a 3-year (6 semesters) programme of study,

• a 4-year bachelor’s degree (honours) after eight semesters programme of study.

If the student completes a rigorous research project in their major area(s) of study
in the 4th year of a bachelor’s degree (honours with research).

• The 4-year bachelor’s degree programme is considered a preferred option since it

would provide the opportunity to experience the full range of holistic and
multidisciplinary education in addition to a focus on the chosen major and minors
as per the choices of the student.

• Inclusion of credit-based courses and projects in the areas of community

engagement and service, environmental education, and value-based education.

• Environment education to include areas such as climate change, pollution, waste

management, sanitation, conservation of biological diversity, management of
biological resources and biodiversity, forest and wildlife conservation, and
sustainable development and living.

• Value-based education to include the development of humanistic, ethical,

Constitutional, and universal human values of truth, righteous conduct, peace,
love, nonviolence, scientific temper, citizenship values, and life skills.

• Lessons in service and participation in community service programmes to be an

integral part of holistic education.

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 • Global Citizenship Education and education for sustainable development to form
an integral part of the curriculum to empower learners to become aware of and
understand global and sustainable development issues and to become active
promoters of more peaceful, tolerant, inclusive, secure, and sustainable societies.

• Students to be provided with opportunities for internships with local industry,

businesses, artists, crafts persons, etc., as well as research internships with faculty
and researchers at their own or other HEIs/research institutions, so that students
may actively engage with the practical side of their learning and, as a by-product,
further improve their employability.

• Reorienting teaching programmes to ensure the development of capabilities

across a range of disciplines including sciences, social sciences, arts, humanities,
languages, as well as vocational subjects. This would involve offering
programmes/courses of study relating to Languages, Literature, Music,
Philosophy, Art, Dance, Theatre, Statistics, Pure and Applied Sciences, Sports,
etc., and other such subjects needed for a multidisciplinary and stimulating
learning environment.

Preparing professionals in cutting-edge areas that are fast gaining prominence, such as
Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3-D machining, big data analysis, and machine learning, in
addition to genomic studies, biotechnology, nanotechnology, neuroscience, with
important applications to health, environment, and sustainable living that will be woven
into undergraduate education for enhancing the employability of the youth.

3.0. Curriculum Framework

3.1. Main features of the New Curriculum Framework

The new curriculum framework will have the following features:

i. Flexibility to move from one discipline of study to another;

ii. Opportunity for learners to choose the courses of their interest in all disciplines;
iii. Facilitating multiple entry and exit options with UG certificate/ UG diploma/ or
degree depending upon the number of credits secured;

iv. Flexibility for learners to move from one institution to another to enable them to
have multi and/or interdisciplinary learning;
v. Flexibility to switch to alternative modes of learning (offline, ODL, and Online
learning, and hybrid modes of learning).

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
Regulations for Academic Bank of Credit (ABC) and guidelines for Multiple Entry and Exit
are already in place to facilitate the implementation of the proposed “Curriculum and
Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes”.

3.2 Definitions, Eligibility, and Duration of the Programme

3.2.1 Semester/Credits:

• A semester comprises 90 working days and an academic year is divided into two
semesters.
• A summer term is for eight weeks during summer vacation.
Internship/apprenticeship/work-based vocational education and training can be
carried out during the summer term, especially by students who wish to exit after
two semesters or four semesters of study. Regular courses may also be offered
during the summer on a fast-track mode to enable students to do additional courses
or complete backlogs in coursework. The HEIs can decide on the courses to be
offered in the summer term depending on the availability of faculty and the number
of students.

3.2.2 Major and Minor disciplines

Major discipline is the discipline or subject of main focus and the degree will be awarded
in that discipline. Students should secure the prescribed number of credits (about 50% of
total credits) through core courses in the major discipline.

Minor discipline helps a student to gain a broader understanding beyond the major
discipline. For example, if a student pursuing an Economics major obtains a minimum of
12 credits from a bunch of courses in Statistics, then the student will be awarded B.A.
degree in Economics with a Minor in Statistics.

3.2.3 Awarding UG Certificate, UG Diploma, and Degrees

UG Certificate: Students who opt to exit after completion of the first year and have
secured 40 credits will be awarded a UG certificate if, in addition, they complete one
vocational course of 4 credits during the summer vacation of the first year. These students
are allowed to re-enter the degree programme within three years and complete the
degree programme within the stipulated maximum period of seven years.

UG Diploma: Students who opt to exit after completion of the second year and have
secured 80 credits will be awarded the UG diploma if, in addition, they complete one
vocational course of 4 credits during the summer vacation of the second year. These
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 students are allowed to re-enter within a period of three years and complete the degree
programme within the maximum period of seven years.

3-year UG Degree: Students who wish to undergo a 3-year UG programme will be

awarded UG Degree in the Major discipline after successful completion of three years,
securing 120 credits and satisfying the minimum credit requirement as given in table 2
(Section 5).

4-year UG Degree (Honours): A four-year UG Honours degree in the major discipline

will be awarded to those who complete a four-year degree programme with 160 credits
and have satisfied the credit requirements as given in table 2 in Section 5.

4-year UG Degree (Honours with Research): Students who secure 75% marks and
above in the first six semesters and wish to undertake research at the undergraduate
level can choose a research stream in the fourth year. They should do a research project
or dissertation under the guidance of a faculty member of the University/College. The
research project/dissertation will be in the major discipline. The students who secure 160
credits, including 12 credits from a research project/dissertation, are awarded UG Degree
(Honours with Research).

Infrastructure Requirement: The Departments offering a 4-year UG Degree (Honours

with Research) must have the required infrastructure such as the library, access to
journals, computer lab and software, laboratory facilities to carry out experimental
research work, and at least two permanent faculty members who are recognized as Ph.D.
supervisors. The Departments already recognized for conducting the Ph.D. programme
may conduct a 4-year UG Degree (Honours with Research) without obtaining any
approval from the affiliating University.

UG Degree Programmes with Single Major: A student has to secure a minimum of 50%
credits from the major discipline for the 3-year/4-year UG degree to be awarded a single
major. For example, in a 3-year UG programme, if the total number of credits to be earned
is 120, a student of Physics with a minimum of 60 credits will be awarded a B.Sc. in
Physics with a single major. Similarly, in a 4-year UG programme, if the total number of
credits to be earned is 160, a student of Physics with a minimum of 80 credits will be
awarded a B.Sc. (Hons./Hon. With Research) in Physics in a 4-year UG programme with
single major.

UG Degree Programmes with Double Major: A student has to secure a minimum of

40% credits from the second major discipline for the 3-year/4-year UG degree to be
awarded a double major. For example, in a 3-year UG programme, if the total number of
credits to be earned is 120, a student of Physics with a minimum of 48 credits will be

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
awarded a B.Sc. in Physics with a double major. Similarly, in a 4-year UG programme,
if the total number of credits to be earned is 160, a student of Physics with a minimum of
64 credits will be awarded a B.Sc. (Hons./Hon. With Research) in Physics in a 4-year
UG programme with double major.

Interdisciplinary UG Programmes: The credits for core courses shall be distributed

among the constituent disciplines/subjects so as to get core competence in the
interdisciplinary programme. For example, a degree in Econometrics requires courses in
economics, statistics, and mathematics. The total credits to core courses shall be
distributed so that the student gets full competence in Econometrics upon completion of
the programme. The degree for such students will be awarded as B.Sc. in Econometrics
for a 3-year UG programme or B.Sc. (Honours) / B.Sc. (Honours with Research) in
Econometrics for a 4-year UG programme.

Multidisciplinary UG Programmes: In the case of students pursuing a multidisciplinary

programme of study, the credits to core courses will be distributed among the broad
disciplines such as Life sciences, Physical Sciences, Mathematical and Computer
Sciences, Data Analysis, Social Sciences, Humanities, etc., For example, a student who
opts for a UG program in Life sciences will have the total credits to core courses
distributed across Botany, Zoology and Human biology disciplines. The degree will be
awarded as B.Sc. in Life Sciences for a 3-year programme and B.Sc. (Honours) in Life
Sciences or B.Sc. (Honours with Research) for a 4-year programme without or with a
research component respectively.

The statutory bodies of the Universities and Colleges such as the Board of Studies and
Academic Council will decide on the list of courses under major category and credit
distribution for double major, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary programmes.

3.2.4 Credit hours for different types of courses

The workload relating to a course is measured in terms of credit hours. A credit is a unit
by which the coursework is measured. It determines the number of hours of instruction
required per week over the duration of a semester (minimum 15 weeks).

Each course may have only a lecture component or a lecture and tutorial component or
a lecture and practicum component or a lecture, tutorial, and practicum component, or
only practicum component. For example, a three-credit lecture course in a semester
means three one-hour lectures per week with each one-hour lecture counted as one
credit. In a semester of 15 weeks duration, a three-credit lecture course is equivalent to
45 hours of teaching.

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 One credit for tutorial work means one hour of engagement per week. In a semester of
15 weeks duration, a one-credit tutorial in a course is equivalent to 15 hours of
engagement.

A one-credit course in practicum or lab work, community engagement and services, and
fieldwork in a semester mean two-hour engagement per week. In a semester of 15 weeks
duration, a one-credit practicum in a course is equivalent to 30 hours of engagement.

A one-credit of Seminar or Internship or Studio activities or Field practice/projects or

Community engagement and service means two-hour engagements per week.
Accordingly, in a semester of 15 weeks duration, one credit in these courses is equivalent
to 30 hours of engagement.

A course can have a combination of lecture credits, tutorial credits, and practicum credits.
For example, a 4–credit course with three credits assigned for lectures and one credit for
practicum shall have three 1-hour lectures per week and one 2-hour duration field-based
learning/project or lab work, or workshop activities per week. In a semester of 15 weeks
duration, a 4-credit course is equivalent to 45 hours of lectures and 30 hours of practicum.
Similarly, a 4 –credit course with 3- credits assigned for lectures and one credit for tutorial
shall have three 1-hour lectures per week and one 1-hour tutorial per week. In a semester
of 15 weeks duration, a four-credit course is equivalent to 45 hours of lectures and 15
hours of tutorials.

The following types of courses/activities constitute the programmes of study. Each of

them will require a specific number of hours of teaching/guidance and
laboratory/studio/workshop activities, field-based learning/projects, internships, and
community engagement and service

• Lecture courses: Courses involving lectures relating to a field or discipline by an

expert or qualified personnel in a field of learning, work/vocation, or professional
practice.

• Tutorial courses: Courses involving problem-solving and discussions relating to

a field or discipline under the guidance of qualified personnel in a field of learning,
work/vocation, or professional practice.

• Practicum or Laboratory work: A course requiring students to participate in a

project or practical or lab activity that applies previously learned/studied
principles/theory related to the chosen field of learning, work/vocation, or
professional practice under the supervision of an expert or qualified individual in
the field of learning, work/vocation or professional practice.
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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 • Seminar: A course requiring students to participate in structured
discussion/conversation or debate focused on assigned tasks/readings, current or
historical events, or shared experiences guided or led by an expert or qualified
personnel in a field of learning, work/vocation, or professional practice.

• Internship: A course requiring students to participate in a professional activity or

work experience, or cooperative education activity with an entity external to the
education institution, normally under the supervision of an expert of the given
external entity. A key aspect of the internship is induction into actual work
situations. Internships involve working with local industry, government or private
organizations, business organizations, artists, crafts persons, and similar entities
to provide opportunities for students to actively engage in on-site experiential
learning.

• Studio activities: Studio activities involve the engagement of students in creative

or artistic activities. Every student is engaged in performing a creative activity to
obtain a specific outcome. Studio-based activities involve visual- or aesthetic-
focused experiential work.

• Field practice/projects: Courses requiring students to participate in field-based

learning/projects generally under the supervision of an expert of the given external
entity.

• Community engagement and service: Courses requiring students to participate

in field-based learning/projects generally under the supervision of an expert of the
given external entity. The curricular component of ‘community engagement and
service’ will involve activities that would expose students to the socio-economic
issues in society so that the theoretical learnings can be supplemented by actual
life experiences to generate solutions to real-life problems.

3.2.5 Number of Credits by Type of Course

The hallmark of the new curriculum framework is the flexibility for the students to learn
courses of their choice across various branches of undergraduate programmes. This
requires that all departments prescribe a certain specified number of credits for each
course and common instruction hours (slot time). The proposed number of credits per
course and the credit distribution is suggestive and the HEIs may decide on course
credits and distribution over 6/8 semesters in a manner that will facilitate the
students to meet the minimum credit requirements as given in Table 2 (Section 5).

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 a. Major and Minor Courses:
All discipline-specific courses (major or minor) may be 4 credits or as appropriate. An
additional one to two credits may be allotted for tutorials or practicals.

b. Other Courses:
All courses under the Multi-disciplinary, Ability Enhancement (language), and Skill
Enhancement categories may be of 3-credits or as appropriate;

c. Common Value-Added Courses:

Courses under Value Added, Summer Internship/ Apprenticeship/ Community
outreach activities, etc., for all majors, may be of 2-credits or as appropriate;

d. Final year Research project / Dissertation etc., may be of 12 credits.

Tables 2 and 3 in the following sections provide the minimum credit requirements
under each category and the distribution of course levels across 6/8 semesters.

3.3 Eligibility for the UG Programmes

Senior Secondary School Leaving Certificate or Higher Secondary (12 th Grade)

Certificate obtained after successful completion of Grade 12 or equivalent stage of
education corresponding to Level-4.

3.4 Duration of the Programme

i. The duration of the UG programme is 4 years or 8 semesters. Students who desire

to undergo a 3-year UG Programme will be allowed to exit after completion of the
3rd year. If a student wants to leave after the completion of the first or second year,
the student will be given a UG Certificate or UG Diploma, respectively, provided
they secure the prescribed number of credits (as given in table 3). Students who
exit with a UG certificate or UG diploma are permitted to re-enter within three years
and complete the degree programme.

ii. Students may be permitted to take a break from the study during the period of
study but the total duration for completing the programme shall not exceed 7 years.

4.0. Outcomes-based approach to higher education

The National Higher Education Qualifications Framework (NHEQF) envisages that students must
possess the quality and characteristics of the graduate of a programme of study, including
learning outcomes relating to the disciplinary area(s) in the chosen field(s) of learning and

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
generic learning outcomes that are expected to be acquired by a graduate on completion of the
programme(s) of study.

The graduate attributes include capabilities that help broaden the current knowledge base and
skills, gain and apply new knowledge and skills, undertake future studies independently,
perform well in a chosen career, and play a constructive role as a responsible citizen in society.
Graduate attributes are fostered through meaningful learning experiences made available
through the curriculum and learning experience, the total college/university experience, and a
process of critical and reflective thinking.

Graduate attributes include learning outcomes that are specific to disciplinary areas relating
to the chosen field(s) of learning within broad multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary/
transdisciplinary contexts and generic learning outcomes that graduates of all programmes of
study should acquire and demonstrate, as given in Table 1.

Table 1: Graduate attributes

Type of The Learning outcomes descriptors
learning
outcomes
Learning Graduates should be able to demonstrate the acquisition of:
outcomes that Comprehensive knowledge and coherent understanding of the chosen
are specific to disciplinary/interdisciplinary areas of study in a broad multidisciplinary context, their
disciplinary/ different learning areas, their linkages with related fields of study, and current and
interdisciplinary emerging developments associated with the chosen disciplinary/interdisciplinary areas of
areas of learning learning.
Practical, professional, and procedural knowledge required for carrying out professional
or highly skilled work/tasks related to the chosen field(s) of learning, including knowledge
required for undertaking self-employment initiatives, and knowledge and mindset required
for entrepreneurship involving enterprise creation, improved product development, or a
new mode of organization.

skills in areas related to specialization in the chosen disciplinary/interdisciplinary area(s)

of learning in a broad multidisciplinary context, including wide-ranging practical skills,
involving variable routine and non-routine contexts relating to the chosen field(s) of
learning.
capacity to extrapolate from what has been learned, translate concepts to real-life situations
and apply acquired competencies in new/unfamiliar contexts, rather than merely replicate
curriculum content knowledge, to generate solutions to specific problems.
Generic Complex problem-solving: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the capability to:
learning • solve different kinds of problems in familiar and non-familiar contexts and
outcomes
apply the learning to real-life situations.

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 Type of The Learning outcomes descriptors
learning
outcomes
Critical thinking: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the capability to:
• apply analytic thought to a body of knowledge, including the analysis and
evaluation of policies, and practices, as well as evidence, arguments, claims, beliefs,
and the reliability and relevance of evidence,
• identify relevant assumptions or implications; and formulate coherent arguments,
• identify logical flaws and holes in the arguments of others,
• analyze and synthesize data from a variety of sources and draw valid conclusions
and support them with evidence and examples.
Creativity: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the ability to:
• create, perform, or think in different and diverse ways about the same objects or
scenarios,
• deal with problems and situations that do not have simple solutions,
• innovate and perform tasks in a better manner,
• view a problem or a situation from multiple perspectives,
• think ‘out of the box’ and generate solutions to complex problems in
unfamiliar contexts,
• adopt innovative, imaginative, lateral thinking, interpersonal skills and emotional
intelligence.
Communication Skills: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the skills that enable
them to:
• listen carefully, read texts and research papers analytically and present complex
information in a clear and concise manner to different groups/audiences,
• express thoughts and ideas effectively in writing and orally and communicatewith
others using appropriate media,
• confidently share views and express herself/himself,
• construct logical arguments using correct technical language related to a field of
learning, work/vocation, or an area of professional practice,
and convey ideas, thoughts, and arguments using language that is respectful andsensitive
to gender and other minority groups.
Analytical reasoning/thinking: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the capability
to:
• evaluate the reliability and relevance of evidence;
• identify logical flaws in the arguments of others;
• analyze and synthesize data from a variety of sources; draw valid conclusions and
support them with evidence and examples, and address opposing viewpoints.

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 Type of The Learning outcomes descriptors
learning
outcomes
• Research-related skills: The graduates should be able to demonstrate:
• a keen sense of observation, inquiry, and capability for asking relevant/
appropriate questions,
• the ability to problematize, synthesize, and articulate issues and design research
proposals,
• the ability to define problems, formulate appropriate and relevant research
questions, formulate hypotheses, test hypotheses using quantitative and
qualitative data, establish hypotheses, make inferences based on the analysis and
interpretation of data, and predict cause-and-effect relationships,
• the capacity to develop appropriate methodology and tools for data collection,
• the appropriate use of statistical and other analytical tools and techniques,
• the ability to plan, execute and report the results of an experiment or
investigation,
the ability to acquire the understanding of basic research ethics and skills in
practicing/doing ethics in the field/ in personal research work, regardless of
the funding authority or field of study.
Coordinating/collaborating with others: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the
ability to:
• work effectively and respectfully with diverse teams,
• facilitate cooperative or coordinated effort on the part of a group,
• act together as a group or a team in the interests of a common cause andwork
efficiently as a member of a team.
Leadership readiness/qualities: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the capability
for:
• mapping out the tasks of a team or an organization and setting direction.
• formulating an inspiring vision and building a team that can help achieve thevision,
motivating and inspiring team members to engage with that vision.
• using management skills to guide people to the right destination.

‘Learning how to learn skills: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the ability to:
• acquire new knowledge and skills, including ‘learning how to learn skills, thatare
necessary for pursuing learning activities throughout life, through self-paced and self-
directed learning aimed at personal development, meeting economic, social, and
cultural objectives, and adapting to changing trades and demands of the
workplace, including adapting to the changes in work processes in the context of
the fourth industrial revolution, through knowledge/ skill development/reskilling,
• work independently, identify appropriate resources required for further learning,
• acquire organizational skills and time management to set self-defined goals and targets with
timelines.
• inculcate a healthy attitude to be a lifelong learner,

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 Type of The Learning outcomes descriptors
learning
outcomes
Digital and technological skills: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the capability
to:
• use ICT in a variety of learning and work situations,
• access, evaluate, and use a variety of relevant information sources,
and use appropriate software for analysis of data.

Multicultural competence and inclusive spirit: The graduates should be able to demonstrate:
• the acquisition of knowledge of the values and beliefs of multiple cultures anda global
perspective to honour diversity,
• capability to effectively engage in a multicultural group/society and interact
respectfully with diverse groups,
• capability to lead a diverse team to accomplish common group tasks andgoals.
• gender sensitivity and adopting a gender-neutral approach, as also empathy for
the less advantaged and the differently-abled including those with learning
disabilities.
Value inculcation: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the acquisition of
knowledge and attitude that are required to:
• embrace and practice constitutional, humanistic, ethical, and moral valuesin life,
including universal human values of truth, righteous conduct, peace, love,
nonviolence, scientific temper, citizenship values,
• practice responsible global citizenship required for responding to contemporary
global challenges, enabling learners to become aware of and understand global
issues and to become active promoters of morepeaceful, tolerant, inclusive, secure,
and sustainable societies,
• formulate a position/argument about an ethical issue from multiple perspectives
• identify ethical issues related to work, and follow ethical practices, including
avoiding unethical behaviour such as fabrication, falsification or
misrepresentation of data, or committing plagiarism, and adhering to intellectual
property rights,
• recognize environmental and sustainability issues, and participate in actions to
promote sustainable development.
• adopt an objective, unbiased, and truthful actions in all aspects of work,
• instill integrity and identify ethical issues related to work, and follow ethical
practices.

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 Type of The Learning outcomes descriptors
learning
outcomes
Autonomy, responsibility, and accountability: The graduates should be able to
demonstrate the ability to:
• apply knowledge, understanding, and/or skills with an appropriate degree of
independence relevant to the level of the qualification,
• work independently, identify appropriate resources required for a project, andmanage
a project through to completion,
• exercise responsibility and demonstrate accountability in applying knowledgeand/or
skills in work and/or learning contexts appropriate for the level of the qualification,
including ensuring safety and security at workplaces.
Environmental awareness and action: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the
acquisition of and ability to apply the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values required to
take appropriate actions for:
• mitigating the effects of environmental degradation, climate change, and
pollution,
• effective waste management, conservation of biological diversity, management of
biological resources and biodiversity, forest and wildlife conservation, and
sustainable development and living.
Community engagement and service: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the
capability to participate in community-engaged services/ activities for promoting the well-
being of society.

Empathy: The graduates should be able to demonstrate the ability to identify with or
understand the perspective, experiences, or points of view of another individual or group,
and to identify and understand other people’s emotions.

5.0. Structure of the Undergraduate Programme

The UG programme will consist of the following categories of courses and the minimum
credit requirements for 3-year UG and 4-year UG (Honours) or UG (Honours with
Research) programmes are given below:

Table 2: Minimum Credit Requirements to Award Degree under Each Category

S. Broad Category of Course Minimum Credit

No. Requirement
3-year UG 4-Year UG
1 Major (Core) 60 80
2 Minor Stream 24 32
3 Multidisciplinary 09 09
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 4 Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC) 08 08
5 Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC) 09 09
6 Value Added Courses common for all 06 - 08 06 – 08
UG
7 Summer Internship 02 - 04 02 – 04
8 Research Project / Dissertation - 12
Total 120 160

Note:* Honours students not undertaking research will do 3 courses for 12 credits in lieu
of a research project / Dissertation.

5.1. Curricular components of the undergraduate programme

The curriculum consists of major stream courses, minor stream courses and courses from
other disciplines, language courses, skill courses, and a set of courses on Environmental
education, understanding India, Digital and technological solutions, Health & Wellness,
Yoga education, and sports and fitness. At the end of the second semester, students can
decide either to continue with the chosen major or request a change of major. The minor
stream courses include vocational courses which will help the students to equip with job-
oriented skills.

5.1.1. Disciplinary/interdisciplinary major:

The major would provide the opportunity for a student to pursue in-depth study of
a particular subject or discipline. Students may be allowed to change major within
the broad discipline at the end of the second semester by giving her/him sufficient
time to explore interdisciplinary courses during the first year. Advanced-level
disciplinary/interdisciplinary courses, a course in research methodology, and a
project/dissertation will be conducted in the seventh semester. The final semester
will be devoted to seminar presentation, preparation, and submission of project
report/dissertation. The project work/dissertation will be on a topic in the
disciplinary programme of study or an interdisciplinary topic.

5.1.2 Disciplinary/interdisciplinary minors:

Students will have the option to choose courses from disciplinary/interdisciplinary
minors and skill-based courses relating to a chosen vocational education
programme. Students who take a sufficient number of courses in a discipline or an
interdisciplinary area of study other than the chosen major will qualify for a minor
in that discipline or in the chosen interdisciplinary area of study. A student may
declare the choice of the minor and vocational stream at the end of the second
semester, after exploring various courses.

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
Vocational Education and Training: Vocational Education and Training will form an
integral part of the undergraduate programme to impart skills along with theory and
practical. A minimum of 12 credits will be allotted to the ‘Minor’ stream relating to
Vocational Education and Training and these can be related to the major or minor
discipline or choice of the student. These courses will be useful to find a job for those
students who exit before completing the programme.

5.1.3 Courses from Other Disciplines (Multidisciplinary) (9 credits):

All UG students are required to undergo 3 introductory-level courses relating to any of the
broad disciplines given below. These courses are intended to broaden the intellectual
experience and form part of liberal arts and science education. Students are not allowed
to choose or repeat courses already undergone at the higher secondary level (12th class)
in the proposed major and minor stream under this category.

i. Natural and Physical Sciences: Students can choose basic courses from
disciplines such as Natural Science, for example, Biology, Botany, Zoology,
Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Physics, Biophysics, Astronomy and
Astrophysics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, etc.

ii. 2. Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Applications: Courses under this

category will facilitate the students to use and apply tools and techniques in their
major and minor disciplines. The course may include training in programming
software like Python among others and applications software like STATA, SPSS,
Tally, etc. Basic courses under this category will be helpful for science and social
science in data analysis and the application of quantitative tools.

iii. Library, Information, and Media Sciences: Courses from this category will help
the students to understand the recent developments in information and media
science (journalism, mass media, and communication)

iv. Commerce and Management: Courses include business management,

accountancy, finance, financial institutions, fintech, etc.,

v. Humanities and Social Sciences: The courses relating to Social Sciences, for
example, Anthropology, Communication and Media, Economics, History,
Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, Social Work, Sociology, etc. will enable
students to understand the individuals and their social behaviour, society, and
nation. Students be introduced to survey methodology and available large-scale
databases for India. The courses under humanities include, for example,
Archaeology, History, Comparative Literature, Arts & Creative expressions,
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 Creative Writing and Literature, language(s), Philosophy, etc., and interdisciplinary
courses relating to humanities. The list of Courses that can include interdisciplinary
subjects such as Cognitive Science, Environmental Science, Gender Studies,
Global Environment & Health, International Relations, Political Economy and
Development, Sustainable Development, Women’s and Gender Studies, etc. will
be useful to understand society.

5.1.4 Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC) (08 credits): Modern Indian Language
(MIL) & English language focused on language and communication skills.

Students are required to achieve competency in a Modern Indian Language (MIL)

and in the English language with special emphasis on language and
communication skills. The courses aim at enabling the students to acquire and
demonstrate the core linguistic skills, including critical reading and expository and
academic writing skills, that help students articulate their arguments and present
their thinking clearly and coherently and recognize the importance of language as
a mediator of knowledge and identity. They would also enable students to acquaint
themselves with the cultural and intellectual heritage of the chosen MIL and English
language, as well as to provide a reflective understanding of the structure and
complexity of the language/literature related to both the MIL and English language.
The courses will also emphasize the development and enhancement of skills such
as communication, and the ability to participate/conduct discussion and debate.

5.1.5 Skills Enhancement Courses (SEC):

These courses are aimed at imparting practical skills, hands-on training, soft skills,
etc., to enhance the employability of students. The institution may design courses
as per the students’ needs and available institutional resources.

5.1.6 Value-Added Courses (VAC) Common to All UG Students (6-8 credits)

i. Understanding India: The course aims at enabling the students to acquire and
demonstrate the knowledge and understanding of contemporary India with its
historical perspective, the basic framework of the goals and policies of national
development, and the constitutional obligations with special emphasis on
constitutional values and fundamental rights and duties. The course would also
focus on developing an understanding among student-teachers of the Indian
knowledge systems, the Indian education system, and the roles and obligations of
teachers to the nation in general and to the school/community/society. The course
will attempt to deepen knowledge about and understanding of India’s freedom
struggle and of the values and ideals that it represented to develop an appreciation
of the contributions made by people of all sections and regions of the country, and

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 help learners understand and cherish the values enshrined in the Indian
Constitution and to prepare them for their roles and responsibilities as effective
citizens of a democratic society.

ii. Environmental science/education: The course seeks to equip students with the
ability to apply the acquired knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values required to
take appropriate actions for mitigating the effects of environmental degradation,
climate change, and pollution, effective waste management, conservation of
biological diversity, management of biological resources, forest and wildlife
conservation, and sustainable development and living. The course will also deepen
the knowledge and understanding of India’s environment in its totality, its
interactive processes, and its effects on the future quality of people’s lives.

iii. Digital and technological solutions: Courses in cutting-edge areas that are fast
gaining prominences, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), 3-D machining, big data
analysis, machine learning, drone technologies, and Deep learning with important
applications to health, environment, and sustainable living that will be woven into
undergraduate education for enhancing the employability of the youth.

iv. Health & Wellness, Yoga education, sports, and fitness: Course components
relating to health and wellness seek to promote an optimal state of physical,
emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, and environmental well-being of a person.
Sports and fitness activities will be organized outside the regular institutional
working hours. Yoga education would focus on preparing the students physically
and mentally for the integration of their physical, mental, and spiritual faculties, and
equipping them with basic knowledge about one’s personality, maintaining self-
discipline and self-control, to learn to handle oneself well in all life situations. The
focus of sports and fitness components of the courses will be on the improvement
of physical fitness including the improvement of various components of physical
and skills-related fitness like strength, speed, coordination, endurance, and
flexibility; acquisition of sports skills including motor skills as well as basic
movement skills relevant to a particular sport; improvement of tactical abilities; and
improvement of mental abilities.

The HEIs may introduce other innovative value-added courses relevant to the discipline
or common to all UG programmes.

5.1.7 Summer Internship /Apprenticeship (2 – 4 credits)

A key aspect of the new UG programme is induction into actual work situations. All
students will also undergo internships / Apprenticeships in a firm, industry, or
organization or Training in labs with faculty and researchers in their own or other
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 HEIs/research institutions during the summer term. Students will be provided with
opportunities for internships with local industry, business organizations, health and
allied areas, local governments (such as panchayats, municipalities), Parliament
or elected representatives, media organizations, artists, crafts persons, and a wide
variety of organizations so that students may actively engage with the practical
side of their learning and, as a by-product, further improve their employability.
Students who wish to exit after the first two semesters will undergo a 4-credit work-
based learning/internship during the summer term in order to get a UG Certificate.

Community engagement and service: The curricular component of ‘community

engagement and service’ seeks to expose students to the socio-economic issues
in society so that the theoretical learnings can be supplemented by actual life
experiences to generate solutions to real-life problems. This can be part of summer
term activity or part of a major or minor course depending upon the major
discipline.

Field-based learning/minor project: The field-based learning/minor project will

attempt to provide opportunities for students to understand the different socio-
economic contexts. It will aim at giving students exposure to development-related
issues in rural and urban settings. It will provide opportunities for students to
observe situations in rural and urban contexts, and to observe and study actual
field situations regarding issues related to socioeconomic development. Students
will be given opportunities to gain a first-hand understanding of the policies,
regulations, organizational structures, processes, and programmes that guide the
development process. They would have the opportunity to gain an understanding
of the complex socio-economic problems in the community, and innovative
practices required to generate solutions to the identified problems. This may be a
summer term project or part of a major or minor course depending on the subject
of study.

5.1.8 Research Project / Dissertation

Students choosing a 4-Year Bachelor’s degree (Honours with Research) are

required to take up research projects under the guidance of a faculty member. The
students are expected to complete the Research Project in the eighth semester.
The research outcomes of their project work may be published in peer-reviewed
journals or may be presented in conferences /seminars or may be patented.

5.1.9 Other Activities:

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 This component will include participation in activities related to National Service
Scheme (NCC), National Cadet Corps (NCC), adult education/literacy initiatives,
mentoring school students, and other similar activities.

5.2. Levels of Courses:

Courses shall be coded based on the learning outcomes, level of difficulty, and academic
rigor. The coding structure is as follows:

i. 0-99: Pre-requisite courses required to undertake an introductory course which

will be a pass or fail course with no credits. It will replace the existing informal way
of offering bridge courses that are conducted in some of the colleges/ universities.

ii. 100-199: Foundation or introductory courses that are intended for students to
gain an understanding and basic knowledge about the subjects and help decide
the subject or discipline of interest. These courses may also be prerequisites for
courses in the major subject. These courses generally would focus on foundational
theories, concepts, perspectives, principles, methods, and procedures of critical
thinking in order to provide a broad basis for taking up more advanced courses.
These courses seek to equip students with the general education needed for
advanced study, expose students to the breadth of different fields of study; provide
a foundation for specialized higher-level coursework; acquaint students with the
breadth of (inter) disciplinary fields in the arts, humanities, social sciences, and
natural sciences, and to the historical and contemporary assumptions and
practices of vocational or professional fields; and to lay the foundation for higher-
level coursework.

iii. 200-299: Intermediate-level courses including subject-specific courses intended

to meet the credit requirements for minor or major areas of learning. These courses
can be part of a major and can be pre-requisite courses for advanced-level major
courses.

iv. 300-399: Higher-level courses which are required for majoring in a

disciplinary/interdisciplinary area of study for the award of a degree.

v. 400-499: Advanced courses which would include lecture courses with practicum,
seminar-based course, term papers, research methodology, advanced laboratory
experiments/software training, research projects, hands-on-training,
internship/apprenticeship projects at the undergraduate level or First year Post-
graduate theoretical and practical courses.

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 vi. 500-599: Courses at first-year Master’s degree level for a 2-year Master’s degree
programme

vii. 600-699: Courses for second-year of 2-year Master’s or 1-year Master’s degree
programme

viii. 700 -799 & above: Courses limited to doctoral students.

5.3. Programme/ Curricular components

The undergraduate programme seeks to equip students with the capacities in

fields across arts, humanities, languages, natural sciences, and social sciences; an ethic
of social engagement; soft skills such as complex problem solving, critical thinking,
creative thinking, and communication skills, along with rigorous specialization in a chosen
disciplinary or interdisciplinary major and minor(s).

Semesters 1 & 2: The students will undergo courses in 4 broad disciplines (major stream,
minor stream, 2 broad disciplines (multidisciplinary category) to have basic knowledge
not only in major areas but also in two other disciplines broadly grouped under Natural
and Physical Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Applications, Library,
Information and Media Sciences, Commerce and Management, and Social Sciences.
With exposure to basic courses in four disciplines, a student can decide to continue the
chosen major or change the major and minor areas of interest at the end of the second
semester. Additionally, these students will also take up courses of their interest from Ability
Enhancement (language), Skill Enhancement, and Value-Added categories.

Change of Major: Students can opt for a change of major within the broad discipline
(Natural and Physical Sciences, Mathematical, Statistics, and Computational Sciences,
Library, Information and Media Sciences, Commerce and Management, and Humanities
and Social Sciences) at the end of the first year.

Additional Seats: The HEIs may create 10% additional seats over and above the
sanctioned strength to accommodate the request for a change of major. Any unfilled or
vacant seats may be filled with those seeking a change of Major. Preference will be given
to those who have got highest CGPA with no arrears in the first year.

Semesters 3 & 4: Students will choose courses of their interest in major and minor to
build a career of their interest. They also pursue courses to strengthen their language
skills and other skill-augmenting courses and vocational training.

Semesters 5 & 6: Students will undergo higher level courses and related courses during
the 5th and 6th semesters in order to gain in-depth knowledge in the major and also in the

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 related disciplines through the minor stream. Students will also gain work-related skills
through courses in vocational education. The programme structure will enable the
students to gain sufficient knowledge and skills to meet the industry/society requirements.

Semesters 7 & 8: During the 4th and final year, students will undertake advanced level
courses in both major and minor streams to get a UG Degree (Honours). Students choose
a research component with courses relating to research methodology, advanced courses
in theory and applied areas, and seminar presentations. Students may be permitted to
carry out a research project or dissertation in another department of the same institution
or another institution provided the required facilities are available.

5.4 Structure of the UG Programme

Table 3: The Semester-wise and Broad Course Category-wise Distribution of

credits of the Undergraduate Programme:

Sem Discipline Inter- Ability Skill Common Total

ester Specific Courses - Minor disciplinary Enhancement Enhancement Value- Credits
Core courses courses courses Added
(language) /Internship Courses
/Dissertation
I (100 level) (100 Level) (1 course) 1 course) (1 course) (1 or 2 20
courses)
II (100 level) (100 Level) (1 course) (1 course) (1 course) (1 or 2 20
courses)
Students exiting the programme after securing 40 credits will be awarded UG 40
Certificate in the relevant Discipline /Subject provided they secure 4 credits in work
based vocational courses offered during summer term or internship / Apprenticeship
in addition to 6 credits from skill-based courses earned during first and second
semester.
III (200 level) (200 & above) (1 course) (1 course) (1 course) - 20
IV (200 level) (200 & above) - (1 course) - 20
Students exiting the programme after securing 80 credits will be awarded UG 80
Diploma in the relevant Discipline /Subject provided they secure additional 4 credit in
skill based vocational courses offered during first year or second year summer term.
V (300 Level) (200 & above) - - (Internship) - 20
VI (300 Level) (200 & above) - - - - 20
Students who want to undertake 3-year UG programme will be awarded UG Degree in 120
the relevant Discipline /Subject upon securing 120 credits
VII (400 Level) (300 & above) - - - 20

VIII (400 Level) (300 & above) - (Research 20

Project/
Dissertation)
Students will be awarded UG Degree (Honours) with Research in the relevant 160
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 Discipline /Subject provided they secure 160 credits

Note:

i. Only the minimum total number of credits in each semester is indicated above.
The HEIs may decide the number of credits for each course (e.g. Major, Minor,
Multidisciplinary, etc.) to fulfill the minimum number of credit requirements.
ii. Students may be permitted to audit course(s) of their choice offered by the HEI
provided they meet the pre-requisite for the course.
iii. Minor stream courses can be from the 3rd 300 or above level and 50% of the total
credits from minors must be secured in the relevant subject/discipline and another
50% of the total credits from a minor can be earned from any discipline as per
students’ choice.
iv. Students are not allowed to take the same courses studied in the 12th class under
the interdisciplinary category.
v. 40% of the credits in any category may be earned through online courses approved
by the Department and Institution as per the existing UGC regulations.
vi. VIII-Semester core major may be seminar-based with students’ presentations and
discussions.
vii. Students may be encouraged to enroll in activities such as NSS / NCC.

6.0. Pedagogical approaches

The Learning Outcomes-Based Approach to curriculum planning and transaction

requires that the pedagogical approaches are oriented towards enabling students to attain
the defined learning outcomes relating to the courses within a programme. The outcome-
based approach, particularly in the context of undergraduate studies, requires a
significant shift from teacher-centric to learner-centric pedagogies, and from passive to
active/participatory pedagogies. Every programme of study lends itself to the well-
structured and sequenced acquisition of knowledge and skills. Practical skills, including
an appreciation of the link between theory and practice, will constitute an important aspect
of the teaching-learning process. Teaching methods, guided by such a framework, may
include lectures supported by tutorial work; practicum and field-based learning; the use
of prescribed textbooks and e-learning resources and other self-study materials; field-
based learning/project, open-ended project work, some of which may be team-based;
activities designed to promote the development of generic/transferable and subject-
specific skills; and internship and visits to field sites, and industrial or other research
facilities etc.

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
7.0. Learning assessment

A variety of assessment methods that are appropriate to a given disciplinary/subject area

and a programme of study will be used to assess progress toward the course/programme
learning outcomes. Priority will be accorded to formative assessment. Evaluation will be
based on continuous assessment, in which sessional work and the terminal examination
will contribute to the final grade. Sessional work will consist of class tests, mid-semester
examination(s), homework assignments, etc., as determined by the faculty in charge of
the courses of study. Progress towards achievement of learning outcomes will be
assessed using the following: time-constrained examinations; closed-book and open-
book tests; problem-based assignments; practical assignment laboratory reports;
observation of practical skills; individual project reports (case-study reports); team project
reports; oral presentations, including seminar presentation; viva voce interviews;
computerized adaptive assessment, examination on demand, modular certifications, etc.

7.1. Letter Grades and Grade Points

The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) is computed from the grades as a measure
of the student’s performance in a given semester. The SGPA is based on the grades of
the current term, while the Cumulative GPA (CGPA) is based on the grades in all courses
taken after joining the programme of study.

The HEIs may also mention marks obtained in each course and a weighted average of
marks based on marks obtained in all the semesters taken together for the benefit of
students.

Letter Grade Grade Point

O (outstanding) 10
A+ (Excellent) 9
A (Very good) 8
B+ (Good) 7
B (Above average) 6
C (Average) 5
P (Pass) 4
F (Fail) 0
Ab (Absent) 0

When students take audit courses, they may be given pass (P) or fail (F) grade without
any credits.

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 7.2. Computation of SGPA and CGPA

The UGC recommends the following procedure to compute the Semester Grade Point
Average (SGPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA):

i. The SGPA is the ratio of the sum of the product of the number of credits with the
grade points scored by a student in all the courses taken by a student and the sum
of the number of credits of all the courses undergone by a student, i.e.

SGPA (Si) = ∑(Ci x Gi) / ∑Ci

Where Ci is the number of credits of the ith course and Gi is the grade point scored
by the student in the ith course.

Example for Computation of SGPA

Semester Course Credit Letter Grade Credit Point

Grade point
(Credit x Grade)
I Course 1 3 A 8 3 X 8 = 24
I Course 2 4 B+ 7 4 X 7 = 28
I Course 3 3 B 6 3 X 6 = 18
I Course 4 3 O 10 3 X 10 = 30
I Course 5 3 C 5 3 X 5 = 15
I Course 6 4 B 6 4 X 6 = 24
20 139
SGPA 139/20=6.95

ii. The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is also calculated in the same
manner taking into account all the courses undergone by a student over all the
semesters of a programme, i.e.

CGPA = ∑(Ci x Si) / ∑ Ci

where Si is the SGPA of the ith semester and Ci is the total number of credits in
that semester.

Example for Computation of CGPA

Semester 1 Semester 2 Semester 3 Semester 4 Semester 5 Semester 6

Credit: 21 Credit: 22 Credit:25 Credit: 26 Credit: 26 Credit 25
SGPA:6.9 SGPA:7.8 SGPA:5.6 SGPA:6.0 SGPA: 6.3 SGPA 8.0

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Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes
 CGPA= 6.73 (21 x 6.9 + 22 x 7.8 + 25 x 5.6 + 26 x 6.0 + 26 x 6.3 + 25 x 8.0)/145

The SGPA and CGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points and reported in the
transcripts.

Transcript (Format): Based on the above recommendations on Letter grades, grade

points and SGPA and CCPA, the HEIs may issue the transcript for each semester and a
consolidated transcript indicating the performance in all semesters.

Note : Students who have already enrolled and are pursuing UG programme as per
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) are eligible to pursue 4-year undergraduate
programme and the university concerned may provide bridge courses (including online
courses) to enable them for transition to CCFUGP.

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University Grants Commission