Slides For Module 1 - Hadith of Jibrael

Module I: Introduction to the Deen of Islam
Understanding Islam through the Hadith of Jibrael

Agenda for discussion
• Definition of Islam
– Meaning of Deen
– Meaning of Islam
– Significance of the tradition of Prophet Ibrahim (A.S)
• Description of Islam contained in the Hadith of Jibrael

– Iman
– Islam
– Ihsan
Mention of Islam in the Qur’an: Islam is a Deen
(‫)دين‬
ِْ ِ‫الدين ِع ْند هللا‬
‫اْل ْسَلم‬ ِ ‫ِإ َّن‬
Verily, the only Deen in the sight of Allah (S.W.T) is Islam.
(Surah Aal-Imran: 19)
‫‪Understanding the meaning through root letters‬‬
‫مکتب ‪,‬مکتوب ‪,‬کاتب ‪:‬ک۔ت۔ب •‬
‫مسجد ‪,‬مسجود ‪,‬ساجد ‪:‬س‪-‬ج‪-‬د •‬
‫مقتل ‪,‬مقتول ‪,‬قاتل ‪:‬ق۔ت۔ل •‬

Islam is a Deen (‫)دين‬
• Meaning of Deen (‫]د۔ی۔ن[ – )دين‬
– An Obligation or Trust which must be fulfilled
– Complete code of life / complete way of life

Mention of Trust in the Qur’an
‫ض و ْال ِجبا ِل فأبيْن أ ْن ي ْح ِم ْلنها‬

ِ ‫ت و ْاْل ْر‬
ِ ‫سماوا‬ َّ ‫ِإنَّا عرضْنا ْاْلمانة على ال‬
‫ان ۖ ِإنَّهُ كان ظلُم اما ج ُه ا‬
‫مل‬ ِ ْ ‫وأ ْشف ْقن ِم ْنها وحملها‬
ُ ‫اْل ْنس‬
The fact is that We offered the Trust to the heavens, to the

earth and to the mountains, but they refused to undertake it
and were afraid, but man undertook it. He was indeed unjust
and foolish.
Islam as a Cultural Tradition
• Marshall Hodgson: The Venture of Islam
• Cultural tradition: a way of life transmitted through various

generations.
The Islamic Tradition
• Islam is the religion of all prophets
ِ ‫ِإ َّن ه ِذ ِه أ ُ َّمت ُ ُك ْم أ ُ َّمةا و‬

ِ ‫احدة ا وأنا ربُّ ُك ْم فا ْعبُد‬
‫ُون‬
VERILY, [O you who believe in Me,] this ummah (community)
of yours is one single ummah, since I am the Sustainer of you
all: worship, then, Me [alone]! [Surah al-Anbiya: 92]
The Deen of Islam
• Meaning of Islam (‫]س۔ل۔م[ – )اسَلم‬
– Submission
– Peace
Islam is linked with the tradition of Ibrahim
(A.S)
‫اط ُم ْست ِق ٍيم ِديناا قِي اما ِملَّة ِإبْرا ِهيم‬ ِ ‫قُ ْل ِإنَّنِي هدانِي ر ِبي ِإل ٰى‬
ٍ ‫صر‬
‫ح ِنيفاا ۚ وما كان ِمن ْال ُم ْش ِر ِكين‬
Say: Lo! As for me, my Lord has guided me to a straight path, a

right religion, the tradition of Ibrahim, the upright, who was
no idolater. (Al-An‘am: 161)
Submission of Ibrahim (A.S)
‫ب ْالعال ِمين‬ ُ ‫ِإ ْذ قال لهُ ربُّهُ أ ْس ِل ْم ۖ قال أ ْسل ْم‬

ِ ‫ت ِلر‬
When his (Ibrahim’s) Lord said to him: Surrender! he said: I

have surrendered to the Lord of the Worlds. (Al-Baqara: 131)
Peace bestowed upon Ibrahim (A.S)
‫ ك ٰذ ِلك ن ْج ِزي ْال ُم ْح ِسنِين‬۰ ‫سَلم عل ٰى ِإبْرا ِهيم‬
Peace be upon Ibrahim (A.S)! This is how We reward the good.

[Surah as-Saaffaat: 109, 110]
Understanding Islam through the Hadith of
Jibrael
• Also known as Umm-us-Sunnah
• Incident occurred in the last days of the worldly life of the Prophet
(S.A.W)
• Included In: Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Musnad Imam Ahmad,
Jami‘ Tirmidhi, Sahih al-Hakim, Arba‘een Imam Nawawi
• Narrated by: Umar Ibn Khattab, Abu Hurairah, Abdullah Ibn Umar,
Abdullah Ibn Abbas.
Hadith of Jibrael - First Question: Iman
• Narrated by Abu Hurairah:

• One day while the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was sitting in the company of
some people, Jibrael (A.S) came and asked, "What is Iman?"
Allah's Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬replied, ‘Iman is to believe in Allah,
His angels, (the) meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to
believe in Resurrection."
Hadith of Jibrael - Second Question: Islam
• Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's

Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬replied, "To worship Allah Alone and none
else, to offer prayers perfectly to pay the compulsory charity
(Zakat) and to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan."
Hadith of Jibrael - Third Question: Ihsan
• Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's

Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him,
and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion then you
must consider that He is looking at you."
Hadith of Jibrael - Last Question: Yaum al-Qiyama
• Then he further asked, "When will the Hour be established?" Allah's
Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬replied, "The answerer has no better knowledge than the
questioner. But I will inform you about its portents.
1. When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
2. When the shepherds of black camels start boasting and competing with
others in the construction of higher buildings. And the Hour is one of
five things which nobody knows except Allah.
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬then recited:
َّ ‫ِإ َّن هللا ِع ْندهُ ِع ْل ُم ال‬
‫ساع ِة‬
"Verily, with Allah (Alone) is the knowledge of the Hour."
[Surah Luqman :34]
Then that man (Jibrael) left and the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬asked his
companions to call him back, but they could not see him.
Then the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, "That was Jibrael who came to
teach the people their religion."
Three Dimensions of Islam
• Iman (Beliefs)
– root letters (‫ )ا۔م۔ن‬refer to security
• Islam (Actions)
– root letters )‫ (س۔ل۔م‬refer to peace
• Ihsan (Feelings, Inner Attributes)

– root letters )‫ (ح۔س۔ن‬refer to beauty, perfection and excellence
Hadith of Jibrael and the three aspects of
human personality
• Iman – Intellectual
• Islam – Practical
• Ihsan – Emotional
Three Disciplines in Islamic Sciences
• Iman
– Ilm al-Kalam, Ilm al-Aqa’id, Islamic Theology
• Islam
– Ilm al-Fiqh, Islamic Law
• Ihsan
– Ilm al-Ihsan, Tasawwuf, Tazkiyya, Ilm al-Akhlaq, Islamic Ethics
‫الزكاة ول ْم ي ْخش ِإلَّ هللا‬
َّ ‫صَلة وآتى‬ ِ ‫اجد هللاِ م ْن آمن ِباهللِ و ْالي ْم ِم‬
َّ ‫اآلخ ِر وأقام ال‬ ِ ‫ِإنَّما ي ْع ُم ُر مس‬
‫فعسى أ ُ ْولـئِك أن ي ُكمنُماْ ِمن ْال ُم ْهت ِدين‬
The masaajid of Allah shall be visited and maintained by those
who believe in Allah and the Last Day, establish regular prayers
and practice regular charity and fear none except Allah. It is they
who are expected to be on true guidance. [Surah at-Tauba: 18]
Three levels of excellence
ْ‫ت ُجناح فِيما ط ِع ُمماْ ِإذا ما اتَّقماْ َّوآمنُماْ وع ِملُما‬ ِ ‫صا ِلحا‬ َّ ‫ليْس على الَّ ِذين آمنُماْ وع ِملُماْ ال‬
‫ب ْال ُم ْح ِسنِين‬
ُّ ‫ت ث ُ َّم اتَّقماْ َّوآمنُماْ ث ُ َّم اتَّقماْ َّوأ ْحسنُماْ وهللاُ يُ ِح‬
ِ ‫صا ِلحا‬
َّ ‫ال‬
There is no blame on those who believe and do good deeds for what they
ate in the past, provided they remain pious, and believe and do righteous
deeds, then remain pious and believe, and then remain pious and attain
Ihsan. For Allah loves the people of Ihsan. [Surah al-Ma’ida: 93]
Qur’anic formula to attain excellence in Islam
‫صَلة ت ْنهى ع ِن ْالف ْحشاء و ْال ُمنك ِر ول ِذ ْك ُر هللاِ أ ْكب ُر‬

َّ ‫صَلة ِإ َّن ال‬ ِ ُ ‫اتْ ُل ما أ‬
ِ ‫وحي ِإليْك ِمن ْال ِكتا‬
َّ ‫ب وأقِ ِم ال‬
‫صنعُمن‬ ْ ‫وهللاُ ي ْعل ُم ما ت‬
Recite from this Book (Al-Qur'an) which has been revealed to you
and establish Salah. Surely Salah keeps one away from shameful and
evil deeds; and surely the remembrance of Allah is the greatest of
all, Allah knows what you do. [Surah al-Ankabut: 45]
Ihsan (Noble Feelings)
• Ihsan means beauty
• Tazkiyya means purification
• Ihsan includes:
– Adorning oneself with noble inner attributes like: Love for Allah
(S.W.T) and His Prophet (S.A.W), Sincerity, Humility, Modesty,
Gratitude, Patience
– Leaving evil inner attributes like: Arrogance, Ingratitude, Immodesty

Difference in the order of narration
• Sahih Bukhari:
– Iman, Islam and Ihsan
• Sahih Muslim:
– Islam, Iman and Ihsan
Signs of the Day of Judgment
• Minor Signs: Widespread bloodshed, adultery, usury, use
of musical instruments, alcohol
• Major Signs: (1) The Dajjaal; (2) the descent of Eesa (A.S);
(3) Ya’jooj and Ma’jooj; (4, 5, 6) three earthquakes, one in the
east, one in the west and one in the Arabian Peninsula; (7) the
smoke; (8) the rising of the sun from its place of setting; (9) the
Beast; and (10) the fire which will drive the people to their
place of gathering.
• A slave-girl will give birth to her master.

– Muslim conquests
– Disobedience of the children
– Surrogate mothers?
• Shepherds will construct tall buildings

– Literal meaning: construction of tall buildings in Arab countries
– Incapable people will become rulers
• Conclusive statement:
– Social order will be destroyed
The Dimension of Time
‫ان ِإنَّك كا ِدح ِإلى ر ِبك ك ْد احا ف ُمَلقِي ِه‬ ِ ْ ‫يا أيُّها‬
ُ ‫اْلنس‬
O man! verily you are ever toiling on towards the Lord
painfully toiling but you will meet Him. [Al-Inshiqaq: 6]

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Module I: Introduction to the Deen of Islam

Understanding Islam through the Hadith of Jibrael

• Description of Islam contained in the Hadith of Jibrael

‫مکتب ‪,‬مکتوب ‪,‬کاتب ‪:‬ک۔ت۔ب •‬

‫مسجد ‪,‬مسجود ‪,‬ساجد ‪:‬س‪-‬ج‪-‬د •‬

‫مقتل ‪,‬مقتول ‪,‬قاتل ‪:‬ق۔ت۔ل •‬

– An Obligation or Trust which must be fulfilled

– Complete code of life / complete way of life

‫ض و ْال ِجبا ِل فأبيْن أ ْن ي ْح ِم ْلنها‬

The fact is that We offered the Trust to the heavens, to the

• Marshall Hodgson: The Venture of Islam

• Cultural tradition: a way of life transmitted through various

• Islam is the religion of all prophets

ِ ‫ِإ َّن ه ِذ ِه أ ُ َّمت ُ ُك ْم أ ُ َّمةا و‬

• Meaning of Islam (‫]س۔ل۔م[ – )اسَلم‬

Say: Lo! As for me, my Lord has guided me to a straight path, a

‫ب ْالعال ِمين‬ ُ ‫ِإ ْذ قال لهُ ربُّهُ أ ْس ِل ْم ۖ قال أ ْسل ْم‬

When his (Ibrahim’s) Lord said to him: Surrender! he said: I

‫ ك ٰذ ِلك ن ْج ِزي ْال ُم ْح ِسنِين‬۰ ‫سَلم عل ٰى ِإبْرا ِهيم‬

Peace be upon Ibrahim (A.S)! This is how We reward the good.

• Narrated by Abu Hurairah:

• Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's

• Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's

• Ihsan (Feelings, Inner Attributes)

‫صَلة ت ْنهى ع ِن ْالف ْحشاء و ْال ُمنك ِر ول ِذ ْك ُر هللاِ أ ْكب ُر‬

• Tazkiyya means purification

– Leaving evil inner attributes like: Arrogance, Ingratitude, Immodesty

• A slave-girl will give birth to her master.

• Shepherds will construct tall buildings

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