Transfer Stations

Transfer stations
selection of location
operation and maintenance
PRESENTED BY:
RISHIT -1904011041
SAHIL-1904011044
SAMAR -1904011046
SOURABH-1904011047
SHIVANI-1904011048
Transfer stations
Waste transfer stations are facilities where municipal solid waste is unloaded from
collection vehicles and briefly held while it is reloaded
onto larger long-distance transport vehicles for shipment
to landfills or other treatment or disposal facilities.
By combining the loads of several individual waste collection
trucks into a single shipment, communities can save money
on the labour and operating costs of transporting the waste to a distant disposal site.
Although waste transfer stations help reduce the impacts of trucks travelling to and
from the disposal site, they can cause an increase in traffic in the immediate area
where they are located.
BENEFITS
• Reduce overall community truck traffic by
consolidating smaller loads in to larger vehicles.
• Reduces air pollution, fuel consumption, and road
wear by consolidating trash into fewer vehicles.
• Reduces traffic at the disposal facility. The fact that
fewer vehicles go to the landfill or waste-to-energy
facility reduces congestion and operating costs and
increases safely.
Types of transfer station
Transfer stations classified in to three types :
• Direct load
• Storage load
• Combined direct and discharge-load
DIRECT LOAD
• In direct load transfer station the waste in the collection vehicles are
emptied directly into vehicle to be used to transport them to a place of
final disposition for facilities to compact the way into transport vehicles
or into west bays that are transported to the disposal sites.
• In some cases the waste may be emptied on uploading platform and
then pushed into a transfer vehicle after recycling materials have been
removed.
STORAGE LOAD TRANSFER STATION
In the storage load transfer in waste are directly imported into a storage
from which they are loaded into transport vehicle by
various types of auxiliary equipment.
The difference between a direct load
and storage load transfer station is designed
with a capacity to store wastes.
COMBINED DIRECT LOAD AND DISCHARGE
LOAD TRANSFER STATION
In some transfer station both direct load and
discharge load methods are used.
Usually these are multipurpose facilities which
service a broader range of users than a single

purpose facility. Multipurpose facility. Multipurpose
transfer station can also house a material recovery operation.
The layout of multi purpose transportation is designed
for use by the general public and also by various
waste collection agencies.
ADVANTAGES
1. The small dumper placer vehicles need not have to travel long
distances up to the landfill site which on an average are located at 20 to
25km away from the center of the city. this saves travel time and the fleet
can be better utilized for making extra trips resulting in effective cleaning
and sweeping.
2. There is saving on the consumption of the fuel and as such the cost of
the garbage transport is minimized.
3. The wear and tear of the tyres and other components of vehicles are
minimized by avoiding long trips and adverse conditions at landfill sites.
DISADVANTAGES
The main problems associated with waste transfer
stations are: increased traffic volume, noise and air
pollution in the surrounding areas, and. Unless they are
properly maintained there is potential for environmental
damage in these surrounding area.
Selection of location
•Landarea and volume should be sufficient enough to provide landfill
capacity so that the projected need can be fulfilled for several years. ...
•Thelandfill site should not be at locations where suitable buffer zones
between land fill site and population are not available.
•The landfill area having steep gradient (Where stability of slope could be
problematic) should not be selected.
Criteria for Selection of location
•Land area and volume should be sufficient enough to provide landfill capacity so that
the projected need can be fulfilled for several years. In this way the cost coming on all
that procedure can be justified.
•The landfill site should not be at locations where suitable buffer zones between land
fill site and population are not available.
•The landfill area having steep gradient (where stability of slope could be problematic)
should not be selected.
•The water level in ground water table should be sufficient below the base of any
excavation to enable landfill development.
•The land which is significant environmentally (lands of biodiversity); the sensitive
ecological area of such a land should be present within potential area of landfill site.
Continue…
• Public & private irrigation water supply wells should be well
away from the boundaries of landfill site because these
supply wells will be at risk of contamination.
• Landfill area should not be very close to significant water
bodies (water courses or dams). There will be the risk of
contamination of water bodies, which can be hazardous for
aquatic life.
• No major power transmission or other infrastructure like
sewers, water supply lines should be crossing through landfill
developmental area.
Continue…
•No residential development should be near the boundaries of landfill site. The waste
disposal site must be very away from residential or commercial areas and water resources.
•Landscaping and protective shelf should be included in the design so that to minimize the
visibility of operations.
•Unstable areas that have significant seismic risk which could cause destruction of berms
are not recommended for landfill site.
•There should not be fault lines and significantly fractured geological structure. These fault
lines can allow the unpredictable movement of gas within 500 meters of perimeter of
proposed landfill development.
•Groundwaterquality should not be disturbed during the site developmental phase. There
should be monitoring facilities at site in order to ensure that ground water quality is
maintained.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
METHODS TO OPERATE LANDFILLING:
AREA METHOD
• The area method is used when the terrain is unsuitable for excavation.
• The filling operation usually is started by building an earthen
levee against which wastes are compacted and
placed in thin layers.
• At the end of each days operation a
150-300mm of layer of cover material
is placed over the completed landfill.
• A completed lift, including the cover
material is called a cell.
Trench method
• The trench method is ideally suited where there is adequate amount of
cover material available and the groundwater level is bellow the
surface.
• Where artificial or natural depression exit, those can be effectively used
for trench method.
• Canyons , ravines , dry borrow pits and pits and quarries can be used for
this purpose.
Canyon/depression method
• Technique involved placement and compaction of SW in
canyon/depression.
• It differs with geometry of site, characteristics of
available cover material, hydrology, geology
of the site.
• Control of surface drainage is often
a critical factor in this method.
• Filling starts at the healed of canyon and
ends at mouth, to prevent accumulation of
water behind the landfill.
Maintenance:
Leachate collection system
• Leachate may be defined as the liquid that has percolated through solid
waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended materials from it.
• The rate of seepage of leachate from the bottom of a landfill is
estimated by Darcy’s law.
• The use of clay has favored in reducing
the leachate percolation.
Landfill gas
• In most of the cases as the anerobic decomposition of the wastes
predominates the decomposition process the geses obtain are carbon
dioxide and methane.
• Carbon dioxide as result of its density which can lower the pH of the
groundwater and increases the hardness and mineral content in the
ground water.
Gas venting system
• The lateral movement of gases produced in a landfill can be controlled
by installing vents made of materials that are permeable than
surrounding soil.
• The spacing of vents depends on width of cells but usually varies from
18 to 60m.
Outlet for gas venting system
• Barrier or well vents also can be used to control the lateral movement of
gases.
• Well vents also can be used to control the lateral movement of gases .
• The movement of landfill gases through adjacent soil formations can be
controlled by constructions of barriers that are more impermeable than
soil E g: bentonites, butyl rubber, illities etc.
THANK YOU

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Transfer stations

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