Evidence-Based Guidelines in Nutrition Practice

Evidence-based Guidelines in Nutrition Practice
What is an evidence-based nutrition practice guideline?

 Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guidelines are a series of guiding statements and
treatment algorithms which are developed using a systematic process for identifying, analyzing and
synthesizing scientific evidence. They are designed to assist practitioner and patient decisions about
appropriate nutrition care for specific disease states or conditions in typical settings.
 Key elements include scope, interventions and practices considered, major recommendations and
corresponding rating of evidence strength, and areas of agreement and disagreement.
What is a guideline practice toolkit?
 Evidence-Based Practice Toolkits are a set of companion documents which are disease or
condition specific and detail how the practitioner applies the Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice
Guideline in practice. They include forms such as documentation forms, outcomes monitoring sheets,
client education resources, case studies and MNT protocols for implementing the Evidence-Based
Nutrition Practice Guideline. Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guidelines and Toolkits incorporate
the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition Care Process and Model as the standard process for
patient/client care.
Legal Mandates Related to Nutrition and Diet Therapy

2-1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the national health product regulatory agency created by
Republic Act (RA3720), as amended by Executive Order No. 175 and RA 9711.
FDA regulates the drugs, medical devices, food, cosmetics and toys, and Household/Urban
Hazardous substances.
2-2. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is a federal law that required
the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed
without the patient’s consent or knowledge. The US Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) issued the HIPAA Privacy Rule to implement the requirements of HIPAA. The HIPAA Security
Rule protects a subset of information covered by the Privacy Rule.
HIPAA Privacy Rule

The Privacy Rule standards address the use and disclosure of individuals’ health information (known
as “protected health information”) by entities subject to the Privacy Rule. These individuals and
organizations are called “covered entities.” The Privacy Rule also contains standards for individuals’
rights to understand and control how their health information is used. A major goal of the Privacy Rule
is to ensure that individuals’ health information is properly protected while allowing the flow of health
information needed to provide and promote high quality health care and to protect the public’s health
and well-being. The Privacy Rule strikes a balance that permits important uses of information while
protecting the privacy of people who seek care and healing.
Covered Entities
The following types of individuals and organizations are subject to the Privacy Rule and considered
covered entities:
o Healthcare providers: Every healthcare provider, regardless of size of practice, who electronically
transmits health information in connection with certain transactions. These transactions include
claims, benefit eligibility inquiries, referral authorization requests, and other transactions for which
HHS has established standards under the HIPAA Transactions Rule.
o Health plans: Entities that provide or pay the cost of medical care. Health plans include health,
dental, vision, and prescription drug insurers; health maintenance organizations (HMOs); Medicare,
Medicaid, Medicare+Choice, and Medicare supplement insurers; and long-term care insurers
(excluding nursing home fixed-indemnity policies). Health plans also include employer-sponsored
group health plans, government- and church-sponsored health plans, and multi-employer health
plans.Exception: A group health plan with fewer than 50 participants that is administered solely by the
employer that established and maintains the plan is not a covered entity.
o Healthcare clearinghouses: Entities that process nonstandard information they receive from
another entity into a standard (i.e., standard format or data content), or vice versa. In most instances,
healthcare clearinghouses will receive individually identifiable health information only when they are
providing these processing services to a health plan or healthcare provider as a business associate.
o Business associates: A person or organization (other than a member of a covered entity’s

workforce) using or disclosing individually identifiable health information to perform or provide
functions, activities, or services for a covered entity. These functions, activities, or services include
claims processing, data analysis, utilization review, and billing.
2-3. National Nutrition Council of the Philippines (NNCP)

The National Nutrition Council was created by Presidential Decree 491 (1974) as the country's
highest policy-making and coordinating body on nutrition.
The NNC Governing Board is the collegial body that is chaired by the Secretary of Health. The Board
is composed of ten government organizations (DOH, DA, DILG, DepED, DSWD, DTI, DOLE, DOST,
DBM and NEDA) represented by their secretaries, and three representatives from the private sector
who are appointed by the President for a two-year term with possible reappointment.
What are the functions/mandates of NNC?
1. Formulate national food and nutrition policies and strategies;

2. Coordinate planning, monitoring, and evaluation of the national nutrition program;
3. Coordinate the release of funds, loans, and grants from government organizations and
nongovernment organizations; and
4. Call on any department, bureau, office, agency and other instrumentalities of the government for
assistance in the form of personnel, facilities and resources as the need arises.

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Evidence-based Guidelines in Nutrition Practice

What is an evidence-based nutrition practice guideline?

Legal Mandates Related to Nutrition and Diet Therapy

HIPAA Privacy Rule

o Business associates: A person or organization (other than a member of a covered entity’s

2-3. National Nutrition Council of the Philippines (NNCP)

What are the functions/mandates of NNC?

1. Formulate national food and nutrition policies and strategies;

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