A Simple Guide To Sketchnoting

How To Use Visual Thinking

in Daily Life to Improve Communication
& Problem Solving

By Alessio Bresciani
Copyright © 2016 to 2019 by Alessio Bresciani

The moral right of the author has been asserted.

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this
publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the copyright owner.

www.alessiobresciani.com

Acknowledgements
Many of my sketchnotes are created at conferences. I take notes like this to assist my learning, as
well as maintaining a record of the conferences I’ve been to.

I would like to thank the following speakers who took the time to collect their thoughts and share
them at conferences: Didier Bonnet, Kate Huggins, Ian McClelland, Ajay Bhatia (speaking at Daze
of Disruption, Melbourne, 2015); Stephanie Rieger and Paul Shetler (speaking at Thoughtworks
Live, Melbourne, 2016). While the sketchnotes I’ve created are only representative of some of the
themes of these speakers, their presentations provided inspiration for these notes.

All images within this publication, created by Alessio Bresciani

Introduction
A Common Journey
The Same Lessons Can Help You Too
How To Use This Guide

1. The Power of Sketchnoting

Drawing And Biology Are Fundamentally Connected
What is Visual Thinking?
Benefits of Visual Thinking

2. What You Need

3. The Sketchnoter’s Toolkit

1. Arrows & Connectors
2. Clouds & Borders
3. Text Empathy
4. People
5. Icons
6. Shading
7. Principles & Additional Techniques

4. Patterns for Sketchnoting

1. Columns
2. Mind Map
3. Slide
4. Wave (or Snake)
5. Quadrants
6. Diagonal
7. Paragraphs
8. Flow
9. Freeform

5. Tools for Your Toolkit

1. Analogue Tools
2. Digital Tools

6. Now…Where To Apply Your Skill

Inspiration
About The Author
Leave a Review
 Introduction

A Common Journey
Sally came to me as a young designer. She had studied graphic and user
experience design. Her craft was excellent.
The issue for her, as I would learn, was that all her training had been
using computers.
“I’ve seen how you sketch when you facilitate,” she said to me, one day
after a meeting. “I wish I could do that.”
“Why couldn’t you?” I asked her, surprised by her comment.
“I don’t know. I’ve only ever used software.”
“You absolutely can learn to sketchnote,” I said. ”What’s more, you’ll be
amazed at how quickly you pick it up!”
We went on to speak some more.
I had seen some of Sally’s website designs and they were impressive.
She had mastered the use of all types of graphic design software and
brought an elegance to any design she worked on.
I asked Sally to show me how she took notes. She started flicking
through the pages of a leather bound notepad. She had lots of sketches of
website pages; I could see how carefully she considered how to translate
information from ideas in her notebook to websites.
“How do you use these sketches?” I asked her.
“They help me think through what I’ll create in the software. How the
user will experience the flow of a page. Where I will place emphasis in the
design.”
“Looking at these you are well on your journey to sketchnoting,” I said
to Sally. “You just haven’t yet learnt all the techniques.”
“I wish! My sketches don’t look anything like the ones you do.”
But as I skimmed through her notes and saw how she charted the course
of a website, using block shapes to layout content, all the elements were
there.
Her sketches were simple and straightforward. Whilst she didn’t use all
the techniques of sketchnoting, she displayed all of the essentials. In fact,
whenever I look at anyone’s notebook, I usually see all the basics for
sketchnoting. There is really nothing different that a seasoned sketchnoter
can do from anyone else, just that they’ve practiced more and their
drawings may look more elegant. But all this comes with time and practice.
“Look here,” I pointed to a few of her rough sketches. “You’re already
using clouds and borders. You just need to learn more about the language of
sketchnoting so that you can figure out when and how to use its concepts.”
“So you think it’s something I can improve?” she said.
“Absolutely! And not only improve, I think it’s something you can
completely master. It may not be easy and the very first thing you’ll need
to do, is give up any thoughts that you can’t do it. If you apply yourself and
treat this as something you want to learn, you will succeed.”
Sally’s eyes narrowed sceptically and then a smile stretched across her
face.
“Okay,” she said. “I’ll give it a go.”
I met with Sally again the next week.
During that meeting, I explained some of the concepts of sketchnoting.
At a different session, I showed her examples of my work, and how my
pattern and approach to sketchnoting had changed over time.
Through these simple lessons Sally’s sketchnoting improved
dramatically. I also arranged a review session with her, so we could discuss
her progress, and reflect on the process of how we both took notes.
Over the next few weeks, Sally attended a short workshop I led on
sketchnoting with about twenty other participants. By the time of the
workshop, her colleagues were already commenting on how great her
sketchnoting had become.
Within six months Sally was using her sketchnoting in all sorts of
activities – from workshops through to whiteboarding sessions with her
team. It was a pleasure to watch!
The Same Lessons Can Help You Too
The progress Sally made with her sketchnoting is not unusual. I have
coached many others with the same techniques that I’m about to share with
you. All of them have been surprised by the rapid changes they saw in their
notes. And equally, all have had to show a little patience and perseverance
as they found their own pattern and ‘way of sketchnoting’.
For writers, it takes time to find ‘their voice’. A writer’s voice is their
unique style and way of writing. It is individual to every writer, though at
times they may look to the writing of others, until they find their own style.
As I’ve taught others sketchnoting, I’ve found the same is true for this
practice.
At first, we all start in the same way….a little nervous, not sure how to
proceed. But over time sketchnoting becomes easier.
It’s not long before we discover our own style of sketchnoting, whether
that’s freeform or highly structured. Sketchnoting is indeed as individual as
handwriting is, just in a highly visual medium.
I’m confident you too can benefit from exactly the same lessons that
Sally did. All of the lessons I shared with Sally, I’ve put into this book.
If you follow and apply these, you’ll make rapid progress. Especially if
you are determined and continue your practice.
I know this to be true because this is the same journey I went on. When I
first started sketchnoting, I did it as an ‘experiment’. At that time, I realized
the ability to ‘think visually’ and ‘visualize ideas’ would be skills in high
demand in the future. I saw this trend occurring in multiple disciplines,
from performance coaching, through to agile practices, leadership and
solving complex problems. In a number of job descriptions for senior roles,
I also saw ‘visual thinking’ as a requirement for the job. So, I committed
myself to learning this skill.
I read what I could on the subject.
I studied examples.
When I started to sketchnote my work was far from perfect. I saw so
many examples, as we might say, that were ‘better’ than mine. But my
measure was not how good other people’s sketchnotes were, it was how
much progress I was making on my own, and whether I was extracting
value out of using this technique.
So long as I stuck with those principles, I was always fulfilled by my
work. I always found my progress satisfying. Sure, over time my notes
became more polished, but the true value I discovered is that I was using
this skill in so many ways – to facilitate meetings, to take notes at
conferences, to help others see complex problems more simply. I’ve even
used sketchnoting as a method to interview leaders across several
industries.
It has truly been a rewarding process to share this skill with others.
I’m excited to take this journey with you.
Whether you are just at the start of this path, or if you have already ‘had
a go’ at sketchnoting, I hope you see similarities in the steps Sally and I
have both taken. And I hope you discover lessons from this book and new
directions for your own practice that are of value to you.
How To Use This Guide
While we may all possess different talents for drawing, sketchnoting is a
skill that can be learnt and mastered.
We do not have to be ‘good’ at drawing to sketchnote. Just as you’re
reading this, I’d like you to understand this first lesson and become
comfortable.
This guide is broken down into a number of sections.

Section 1 and 2 examines components of ‘visual thinking’ and some

of the benefits of this approach when applied to organisations and
individuals, including the tools you need to start sketchnoting.
Section 3 looks at what I call The Sketchnoter’s Toolkit and how
specific techniques can be used by all of us.
Section 4 explores some fundamental formats and patterns for
sketchnotes, to provide directions for your own sketchnoting.
Section 5 identifies possibilities to expand your sketchnote toolkit,
through either analogue or digital tools.
And finally, section 6 identifies opportunities where you can apply
this skill for yourself and others, to help problem solving and
communication.
 1.
The Power of
Sketchnoting
“There is no society ever discovered in the remotest corner
of the world that has not had something that we would
consider the arts. Visual arts - decoration of surfaces and
bodies - appears to be a human universal.” ~Steven Pinker,
author, and evolutionary psychologist
Drawing And Biology Are Fundamentally Connected
So much of what we do today is through software. We use a mouse and
keyboard throughout the day. We drag text-boxes when we’re creating
presentation slides. We type when we’re creating emails. We even use
calendar software to schedule our time.
When we think about it, over the last several decades, a great portion of
human time has been transferred to interacting with software through a
mouse and keyboard. We are holding pens and pencils in our hands far less.
And during those occasions, where we are holding a writing instrument, we
are likely to be writing notes as opposed to drawing a picture.
To consider this in the context of evolution is truly remarkable. Although
the humble pencil wasn’t invented until the 1600s, the first known drawings
date back to 30,000 to 10,000 B.C.[i]
We forget that the act of drawing and writing is so unmistakably
connected with our biology. The act of drawing is also deeply connected to
our stories; we’ve combined drawing and stories for thousands of years to
retell history between generations.
I have personally noticed a dramatic shift in the level of thinking when
people are engaged through drawing and visual thinking. Ideas flow much
more easily. Everyone gets on ‘the same page’ far quicker. And the quality
of thinking is somehow more focused, purposeful and often enjoyable.
And yet, for some reason, drawing is often perceived as a ‘negative’
word in companies. It is as though drawing is associated with thinking that
is not serious- too playful, not hard-hitting.
I have noticed an initial level of discomfort when I’ve asked executives
to put away their profit and loss statements, and to draw an answer to a
problem or opportunity instead. Fortunately, through disciplines such as
agile management and user journey mapping - we’re seeing greater use of
drawing in the office. It’s exciting to be part of. And why not?! some of the
greatest CEO’s of our time would revert to the use of analogue tools
(pencils and pens) when faced with important decisions.
Steve Jobs was one of the world’s great technology leaders and
advocates for the power of software. He became known not only for his
grand vision for Apple as a company, but for how the company would
dramatically change the world through the democratisation of computers.
He was famous for his keynote presentations to audiences of thousands
of people. In the Apple community, these presentations became known not
as Keynotes, but as Stevenotes.[ii] What many people do not know, is how he
planned these speeches.
Even though he had teams of people to help him, he would start his
planning well ahead of these events. And how did he do his planning? He
would commence in analogue format - using pen and paper. It is said that
he would find greater clarity of thought in planning out the sequence for
Apple events, by drawing and sketching out his ideas.[iii]
Steve Jobs is not alone. Founder and CEO of Amazon, Jeff Bezos,
conceived Amazon using a simple drawing on the back of a napkin, which
would affectionately become known as the “Bezos Flying Wheel”.
Ray Dalio is the best selling author of Principles, CEO of Bridgewater
and one of the world’s richest 100 people. In his book Principles, many of
his fundamental lessons are demonstrated through simple illustrations.
Drawing helps us make sense of complexity. It helps us wrestle chaos
into order. It helps us align others around what might be in their heads, into
something that is universal and seen by all.
Drawing and its connection to the way we understand and tell stories is
also deeply connected to our biological evolution.
Because of this, Sunni Brown, TED speaker and self-confessed
“doodler”, says:
“Under no circumstances should doodling be
eradicated from a classroom or a boardroom or even the
war room. On the contrary, doodling should be leveraged
in precisely those situations where information density is
very high and the need for processing that information is
very high.”[iv]

I couldn’t agree more. How about you? Now that we have established
how important drawing is, let’s look specifically at visual thinking.
What is Visual Thinking?
I see drawing, visual thinking and sketchnoting as all connected. They
are certainly not mutually exclusive, and when using any one of these, all
concepts are involved.

Visual thinking is a practice to represent ideas graphically. How you

choose to represent these ideas - by mind maps, sketches, or concepts -
there is plenty of evidence that visual thinking methods assist memory, the
organisation of ideas, and general planning.
I do find it helpful when thinking about sketchnoting, to almost treat it is
a sub-speciality, because it is embodied by a specific set of techniques and
principles.
‘Sketchnoting’ is a specific method within the category of visual
thinking. I define it as the process of creating meaningful sketches while
listening, reading or thinking about something of relevance. When
sketchnoting, people use a variety of visual techniques (clouds, connectors,
text, icons) to visually synthesise and summarise the subject under enquiry.

Sketchnotes are purposeful, referential and creative- all at the same time.
They are purposeful in that they illustrate a particular subject being
discussed (whether that’s a meeting or a concept or a plan).
They are referential in that they distil larger ideas into representative
illustrations.
By their visual nature, they are also creative in that they’re interesting to
look at and portray a sense of creative expression of the person creating
them.
One of the many qualities of sketchnotes that I love is how they
represent the person that has created them. Not only are sketchnotes a
valuable way to communicate information, but they tell us something about
the person who has sketched them.
 I am also intrigued by the way people structure their ideas, how they
draw aspects of the sketchnote, and which areas of the sketchnote they
choose to emphasize.
When you have seen sketchnotes, what have you admired about them?
There must be aspects of sketchnotes that have excited you enough to read
this book?
I invite you to hold these qualities in your mind – whether that’s how
looking at a sketchnote made you feel or what you enjoyed most about it.
These qualities may be ones that you want to create in your own work.
Benefits of Visual Thinking
“We are visual creatures. When you doodle an image
that captures the essence of an idea, you not only
remember it, but you also help other people understand
and act on it - which is generally the point of meetings in
the first place.” ~Tom Wujec, author, TED speaker and
leader in visualization

Visual thinking is a practical skill for organisations and individuals.

When I walk around the offices of leading companies (particularly ones
with digital teams), it’s very common to see evidence of how visual
thinking is in use.
From user journeys sketched on walls through to examples of recent
team days, great teams use visual thinking to record events and inspire great
work.
In my own experience, I’ve observed the following benefits of visual
thinking.

1. Clarify Thinking
Thinking through an issue or opportunity with visual thinking helps to
clarify our thoughts on a particular subject. That’s because when we draw,
we can tease out the various relationships and contexts associated with that
subject.

2. Improve Problem Solving

Sometimes when speaking about a problem, it’s hard to get a sense for all of
its intricacies. With visual thinking, we sketch out the many aspects of a
problem (and get a sense of the small parts and the whole) which then
improves our ability to solve it.

3. Accelerate Communication
Instead of sending meeting minutes and notes to people, sometimes I’ll just
send them a sketchnote and arrange a time to discuss it with them. It’s often
a far quicker (and fun) way for others to understand the content and main
themes of the meeting.
4. Organize and Analyze Information
Sketchnoting helps us organize, reflect on and analyze information. As an
example, when I sketchnote a presentation at a conference, it’s the best way
for me to summarize the speaker’s key points. Listening and then
sketchnoting helps me organize the information, as well commit the major
points of the presentation to memory.

5. Assist Memory & Learning

Sketchnoting helps us create, record and refer to memories. Occasionally
I’ll refer to a sketchnote I created years earlier. I’m amazed how it helps me
access memories specific to the meeting or event where I created the note.
In this way, sketchnoting helps us boost our memory and learning
capabilities.

6. Improve Cognition
Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and
understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Because
sketchnoting is a highly involved action - in that we’re writing (which is
highly tactile), but we’re also drawing (which is highly visual) and listening
intently so we can consider what to draw next - we’re tapping into multiple
senses to create meaning from information. Because of this, sketchnoting
helps us exercise and improve our cognition.

7. Boost Sketching Confidence

Many people I’ve worked with are fearful of drawing. But when I discuss
the concept of sketchnoting, it is often an accessible way for them to engage
in drawing activities. As well as my observations on this, when using
sketchnoting for Industrial Design students at Iowa State University,
researchers found that “sketchnoting exhibited greater potential to not only
lower the threshold of sketching, but in addition, to foster creative, and in
some cases, even boost design confidence.”[v] That is to say, sketchnoting
was a more comfortable way for designers to get involved in the process of
sketching and, in so doing, they became more confident as designers .

Perhaps you’ve already seen some of these benefits of sketchnoting in your

own organization? Now that we’ve clarified some of the overarching
principles of why sketchnoting is so important, let’s take a look at what we
need to start.
 2. What You Need
“Have no fear of perfection, you’ll never reach it.”
~Salvador Dali

This is the shortest section in this guide.

And it’s short for the very reason that you don’t need a lot to start
sketchnoting.
To create a sketch note you need a writing tool and a surface and
yourself. That’s it!

Notice how incredibly general two of these three things are? Except of
course you... you’re the most unique amongst all three!
If you have chalk and a pavement, you can create a sketchnote.
If you have a pen and a napkin, you can create a sketchnote. If you have
a glass window and a marker (well a whiteboard marker if you want it to
come off), you can create a sketchnote.
So remember these three things are literally the only tools you need.
Everything else is a refinement on these key ingredients.
 3. The Sketchnoter’s Toolkit
“Do not wait; the time will never be ‘just right.’ Start
where you stand, and work with whatever tools you may
have at your command, and better tools will be found as
you go along.” ~George Herbert, poet

Every sketchnoter uses their own set of tools in creating their work.
But there are also a central set of patterns and techniques that form The
Sketchnoter’s Toolkit.
In this section we look at six essential techniques to get you started, as
well as further principles and techniques to add to your skill.
Everytime you use these techniques, you’ll improve your craft. It might
seem difficult at first, but it will get easier with time.
You don’t need to master all items within these six techniques. Instead,
pick a few from each area and practice them. Get to know a few arrows, try
a few icons that appeal to you, and so on. You only need two or three from
each category to start bringing your own sketchnotes together.

1. Arrows & Connectors: Join related ideas to create a sense of flow and
meaning.
2. Clouds & Borders: Frame ideas and naturally separate themes.
3. Text Empathy: Let your writing speak volumes beyond what is written
in the text.
4. People: Use simple shapes to connect ideas with people and actions.
5. Icons: Boost meaning by simplifying objects into sketched icons.
6. Shading: Add depth and lift your sketches off the page with this simple
technique.
1. Arrows & Connectors
There is a flow to any sketch we create. We use connectors to show how
one idea connects to others, whether this be in sequence or relationship.
Arrows are very commonly used connectors, but equally connectors can be
lines or dashes, even illustrated steps (eg. a staircase).
2. Clouds & Borders
Clouds, borders and frames are useful to add emphasis to single ideas or
clusters of ideas.
When we read books, authors use paragraph breaks to show the
differences between ideas.
For sketchnotes, this is what clouds, borders and frames can do. These
elements contain ideas and also show the transition points between ideas
that appear on the page.
The number of variations of these elements is infinite. There are a few
examples on this page and I’m sure you can come up with many others.
3. Text Empathy
There are millions of ways we can write text in a sketchnote.
The characters we write can be tall and skinny, outlined (with white space
within characters), or slanted. With a single word, the text can go from
small to large. The possibilities are endless!
One of the phrases that is highly useful for sketchnotes is the concept of
‘text empathy’. This is where the text is written in a way that is
‘empathetic’ (or ‘representative’) of the idea it conveys.
For example, when writing the word ‘scary’, the text can be made to
look as if it’s trembling. When writing ‘fast’, the text can be made to look
like it’s going at great speed.
Empathy text is a great way for us to stretch our thinking about the
meaning of words, as well as bring additional liveliness to our sketches.
Have a play...I’m sure you’ll enjoy it.
4. People
Sketching people is potentially the most useful act in sketchnoting. Almost
everything we do in life involves others so drawing people makes the
sketchnote very relatable.
It is also a technique that, for some reason, many of us are most scared
of.
But sketching people isn’t something we need to be afraid of. We don’t
have to draw like Van Gogh to draw people.

If we can draw a stick figure (and pretty much every one of us has been
able to do that since we were four years old), then we can draw people.
My favourite people to draw in sketchnotes are simple stick figures.
They are actually incredibly versatile. They communicate the essence of
an idea without being complex. And that is really what good
communication is all about.
5. Icons
Icons are one of the most powerful tools in sketchnoting.
People often say to me “How could I draw an icon? I can't draw."
Great icons are created by taking a real-life object and simplifying it as
much as possible in a sketch, without losing the meaning of the icon.
When the icon can be sketched with as few lines as possible and people
can recognize the original object, you know you’ve sketched a great icon.
One of the starting points for creating icons is to imagine the real-life
object, and then flatten it in your mind, as though it has been crushed by a
big compactor. Then, with the flattened image still in your mind, draw it as
simply as possible.
Because icons are representative and don’t need to exactly mimic the
real-life object, we don’t have to be great artists to sketch icons. We just
need to bring some lateral thinking in order to translate an object into a few
lines.
I guarantee if you have a go- you will find it simpler than you first
thought to create great icons.
 Tip

If you are looking for ideas for icons, try checking out an icon website.
Websites like Flat Icon (https://www.flaticon.com/), Icon Finder
(https://www.iconfinder.com/) , Icons 8 (https://icons8.com/) and also the
Noun Project (https://thenounproject.com/), are all great resources.
Often I will go to these sites for ideas and practice drawings icons that will
be useful in my sketchnoting. I keep my previous drawings handy, so that I can
refer to them over time. The more I draw an icon, the more it becomes
engrained in muscle memory, and can then be accessed in the future without
notes.
6. Shading
Shading is an excellent way to bring sketches to life. Adding a simple shade
to an illustration gives it dimension, so that it appears to have depth and
shape beyond the page.
By adding different colors and tones of shading we can also show
different aspects of our sketch. For example, adding one colour to connect
ideas and another for general icons, will quickly portray to the reader a
visual language for the sketch.
Shading can appear either outside or inside an object.
Shade outside the outline of an object to provide outside shading. This
gives the appearance of the object casting a shadow.
Shade inside the outline of an object to provide inside shading. This
creates the illusion of curves or roundness of an object.
Exercise 1
Now that we’ve looked at six essential techniques of sketchnoting, I’d like
you to give it a go.
Use this link to access a document that you can print for the exercises.

Web Address: http://bit.ly/sketchworksheet

When there, click the ‘Get Worksheets” button and enter the password
“sketchnotetoday”.

Use the document to complete Exercises 1 to 5.

You can either print out the worksheets and complete the exercises on the
page, or just follow it as a guide and use your own paper.
If you have not sketched before, by the end of doing this exercise, you
will have created many of the example techniques we’ve just discussed in The
Sketchnoter’s Toolkit. The only one not included is Text Empathy.
7. Principles & Additional Techniques
Over the years, I’ve discovered some principles and advanced techniques
that make sketchnotes stand out.
These are ‘macro’ principles, which apply to the overall context and
format of your sketchnote, as opposed to the specific objects within it.
Using these methods will boost the communication effectiveness of your
work.

a) Principles
2 to 3 Colors Works
Sketchnotes are ultimately about simplifying communication down to
essential ideas. While I have many colors in my toolkit, I often find the best
form of communication is just two colors (or shades). Often black and a
soft grey are my ‘go to’ shades. Occasionally, I’ll then use a contrasting
colour to add variation to the page.
This blend of only a few colors and shades provides enough variation to
distinguish elements on the page, while avoiding being overly busy.
I also try to use different colors for headings and connectors, to give a
sense of relationship between the different themes on the page and how they
connect with one another.
 For example, if you use blue for all your connectors, your audience will
understand quickly that blue is the colour that shows how ideas flow
between themes, content and objects.
There are many tools available to help you select more advanced colour
schemes. Coolors (https://coolors.co/) is one of these, which will give you
an idea of five complementary colours within a single palette. Once you
have selected a palette you’re happy with (whether it’s three or five colours)
then it’s just a case of matching those with your preferred pens.
Here is another example.
Leave Space So Your Ideas Have Room
Often we feel compelled to fill an entire page. We write into the margins
and into the gaps between context. But our ideas need room to roam. So,
give them a little freedom in the form of blank space.
When we do this, the sketchnote appears more effective and balanced.

Blend Large & Small For Added Effect

When we look at a landscape painting, there are often different points of
focus to grab our attention.
Objects in the foreground appear bigger. Objects in the background more
distant and small.
 The same techniques apply to sketchnoting. By adding variation to the
page in the form of large and small objects, we provide the reader with
more contextual cues and depths of field, to help them distinguish the ideas
we’re representing.

Just go with it
Planning a sketchnote is important. But sometimes we can worry about
what idea to put where. Sketchnotes are part transcription and part
exploration. So, if you feel pressure to layout your sketchnote perfectly,
don’t be afraid to just go with it. Be surprised by where it takes you. I’m
sure you’ll have fun in the process.

b) Additional Techniques
When we’re creating sketchnotes, we can use a number of additional
techniques to ‘jazz up’ our notes. These are not 100% necessary, but for
variety, they can be fun and enjoyable to play with.

Reflections
Many items we sketch may involve a reflective surface. Mobile phones,
laptops, screens or glass are just a few examples. By adding a few lines to
your object, you can convey the impression of a reflective surface.

Horizons
Adding a simple straight line to an object creates the impression of a
horizon. The more I use this technique, the more I am amazed by how such
a simple method adds perspective and context to drawings. Give it a go and
see what you think.
Surroundings
Objects gain meaning within the context of the surroundings they inhabit.
Drawing a stick figure with a sun nearby gives the impression they’re at a
beach or doing something fun. Drawing a stick figure at a desk conveys the
person is working. By adding simple visual cues in the form of
surroundings next to the primary object you’re drawing, you’ll add further
meaning to your sketch.

Blend Icons & Borders

In themselves, borders provide a container for ideas. By adding an icon
representative of the idea, we can add additional context to the sketch. In
this way, blending borders and icons accelerate the ability of a viewer to
quickly understand any sketchnote we create.
 Exercise 2

For this exercise, you will need a print out of the worksheet 5 (Shading) and
a marker.
Using the sheet, add your own outside or inside shading to the various
objects drawn on the page.
Here are the details again if you need to access the worksheets:

Web Address: http://bit.ly/sketchworksheet

When there, click the ‘Get Worksheets” button and enter the password
“sketchnotetoday”.

Exercise 3

So we’ve learnt all the essential techniques for sketchnoting. There’s no better
time to put this into practice and create our first sketch.
All sketchnotes essentially identify key ideas and show the relationships or
sequence between these ideas.
So, the structure we’ll use for this exercise is:

Title -> Idea -> Connector -> Idea -> Connector -> Idea

We’re purposefully going to limit this to a title, alongside three or four ideas.
Based on what you’ve just learnt in the earlier sections of this book, I invite you
to use any techniques at your disposal to represent your ideas – whether they are
sketches of people, icons, borders, text empathy….whatever you please.
Here’s an example, based on the topics we’ve covered so far.

TITLE: Intro to Sketchnoting

IDEA 1: Toolkit
IDEA 2: Patterns
IDEA 3: Techniques

And here’s how this would translate to a sketchnote.

You can either use this example or another subject with ideas that you’re
interested in and connect the themes. Enjoy!
 A question I often receive is whether there are any common patterns for
sketchnotes. In this next section, we will look at some different layouts for
our sketchnotes.
 4.
Patterns for Sketchnoting

Occasionally, we can feel pressure to format our sketchnote in a certain

way. If you feel this, I encourage you to push those concerns aside and just
go with it.
The more we sketchnote, the more we will find a pattern that best works
for us. And often what works best for most people is no pattern at all.
One of the great benefits of sketchnoting is that it encourages our artistic
expression, giving us the opportunity to explore and play. It can often feel
restrictive to work within a set pattern or layout.
This is why I suggest to people to ‘find’ their pattern, instead of it being
‘prescribed’. If we prescribe a pattern, it can feel limited or overly
structured. But if we find that a certain pattern works for us as we go
through the process of creating dozens and dozens of sketchnotes, what
eventuates is a pattern which supports our way of thinking.

Feedback I received from earlier editions of this book is that it would be

helpful to understand potential patterns for sketchnoting. The knowledge of
these patterns might help you ‘try on’ different patterns for size, like trying
on a pullover, to see what fits your style best.
So, in this section I’ve outlined nine common patterns I’ve seen.
Of course, this is not an exhaustive list. I’m sure if you looked up
sketchnotes you would find many others. Some may be hybrid versions of
the ones we’re about to explore.
Here I’ve also provided an example of each pattern so you can see how it
would work when used.

Tip
Before we jump into each pattern, I’d like to share with you how I defined
these, so you can see the way that I use sketching in my daily life to improve
thinking.
The first step I took was to go through my previous sketchnotes over the years,
to see how the patterns I used had changed. I can tell you there was a lot of
variety there.
 Then I researched other sketchnotes available online to see how other creators
went about their sketchnoting. For this, I looked generally for keywords on
‘sketchnoting’ through search engines. I also looked at some of the key
sketchnoters who have influenced me, who are mentioned at the end of this book.
The third step I took was to sketch these patterns, using pen and paper. Doing
this allowed me to think through the various patterns that I had seen, to show
visually how they worked, and to give them names.
Below I’ve included this original sketch. Even though the sketches are small,
and there are only 10 words on the entire page, this sketch provides clear access
to some of the concepts we’re about to explore.
1. Columns
In this pattern, information is presented vertically on the page, flowing from
top to bottom. Often this can start with the left column, but in Asian
countries, may start on the right (as traditionally writing in Asian cultures
often goes from right to left).
When I think about column patterns I think about the website Pinterest,
and how it displays information in tiles of vertical information.
2. Mind Map
The mind map pattern often starts with the title of the sketchnote and its
theme placed centrally on the page. From there, ideas fan outwards. I also
like to structure ideas in sequence, like a hand would travel around a clock.
Primary ideas are located close to the centre, with secondary and supporting
ideas placed outwards from the centre. Here connectors play a key role in
showing the relationships and hierarchy between ideas.
3. Slide
The slide pattern is most commonly associated with a format we might see
in a presentation slide deck. Often primary ideas are shown toward the top
of the page, with secondary and supporting ideas shown toward the bottom
of the page, as though information cascades downwards. Sometimes I think
of this like a waterfall that starts at the top and then branches out in
different ways to the supporting ideas. This pattern is particularly useful in
capturing quick sketchnotes that may have between three to five key ideas.
Anything longer, and we can run out of space (as shown in the example
below). It is also very well suited to sketches that are formatted in
landscape (as opposed to portrait), but both would still work.
4. Wave (or Snake)
In this pattern, information in the sketchnote is shown sequentially, often
from left to right. The information is connected following the pattern of a
wave or snake (a wave if it has fewer humps, a snake if it has more). The
advantage of this pattern is that it often leaves a good deal of white space on
the page and because of its curved shape, creates interest and variety
compared to other formats, for those people looking at it.
5. Quadrants
The quadrant pattern is a very useful one. By creating sketchnotes in
quadrants, we are able to break up the content we’re sketching into four
main themes. This is helpful for us in both laying out the page, but also in
reviewing and retaining the information we have sketched in our memory.
Quadrants are very powerful frameworks, which is why they are so useful
when representing different models (for example, Stephen Covey’s Time
Management Grid is a four quadrant model). The downside of this pattern
is that it might restrict the subject we’re sketching. For example, if we’re
sketching a conference presentation, we may not know ahead of time how
the speaker will structure their presentation, thus running into the potential
issues of too little or too much space in one quadrant.
6. Diagonal
This pattern shows information diagonally across the page. Whether from
top left to bottom right, or bottom left to top right, the diagonal pattern is
highly linear. It is a great choice when sketching materials of five to seven
key points, along with supporting themes.
7. Paragraphs
The paragraph pattern follows how books are read in many countries. The
distinction of this pattern, because we are drawing pictures instead of
writing text, is to break up the page into three to five horizontal panels.
When we complete sketching with one panel, we simply start on the next
panel, again moving from left to right. The advantage of this pattern (as
well as the ‘columns’ pattern) is that it can continue for as long as we need.
This makes it an excellent structure for taking notes, whether at
conferences, in meetings or in school.
8. Flow
The flow pattern is similar to the paragraph pattern, except that instead of
restarting on the left when a horizontal panel is complete, it just moves
down one panel, and then goes from right to left. So ideas flow left to right,
then right to left, then left to right. The advantage of this is that one idea
connects directly to the next, without needing to figure out where the eye
should move, which is different from the paragraph pattern.
9. Freeform
Finally, the freeform pattern needs no introduction. It requires us simply to
go with the flow (and hence there’s no example for this one). In my
observations, the majority of sketchnotes follow this pattern. It’s open,
unrestricted, and doesn’t require us to know where we’re headed….and that
is half the enjoyment.

I hope these pattern examples have been useful to you. Feel free to have
a play with what suits you best.

Putting It All Together

By now you’ve had a play with sketchnoting through a number of exercises
and you also have a solid understanding of sketchnote patterns. So here I
wanted to share with you some of the sketchnotes I put together as an
attendee and active-listener at conferences.
I found sketching at conferences is an excellent way to learn the material
and connect with others.
As you look at these, I’d like you to think back to the various techniques
and patterns we’ve just discussed and consider which ones I’ve used.
Was that useful to you? I wonder which techniques you’re thinking about
using in your own sketchnotes. Let’s now explore some of the options for
tools to add to your toolkit.
 5.
Tools for Your Toolkit

Every person who sketchnotes will have a few essential items in their
toolkit.
My toolkit includes items I use on a weekly basis to create, record, edit
and finish my sketchnotes.
I hope as you practise your craft you will build your own toolkit.
Because I use both analogue tools as well as digital tools, I’ve covered
both in this section.
I still enjoy the freedom of using both. And you will notice that I’ve
included both types of sketches in this guide – with pencil and paper, and
digital – to show you some of this variety.
I built my analogue toolkit several years ago. It’s dependable and reliable
and only needs an occasional refresh. While I regularly restock my pens,
most other items within my toolkit have lasted to this day. I always pack
these together in a simple case (as shown ahead) and will often grab this
case as I’m headed out the door.
Whilst digital tools have come a long way, especially with the
integration of writing devices, software and hardware unfortunately can get
out of date for these tools.
In contrast, most analogue tools are inexpensive, highly reliable and can
be swapped with other types of pens that you would prefer to use.
The most important action we can take when sketchnoting is to start. So,
if you all you have access to is a pen and paper, that is a great start. It is our
ideas that are important, not the tools we use to sketch them. Everything
else is just a refinement.
1. Analogue Tools
Mitsubishi Pencil Company Uni Pin, 0.2 and 0.3 Pens
I like to go with the Water Proof and Fade Proof / Pigment Ink variety.

TomBow ABT Dual Brush Pens

Tombow has an incredible range of colours to select from. The variety of
alternative soft-greys is extensive which makes these pens excellent tools
for shading and shadowing. The Brush and Pen ends provide excellent
textural options for sketching.

Small Ruler
I like a ruler small enough that I can carry it with me. This one has three
sides which makes it especially handy.

Rotring Pencils
Rotring Pencils are weighted perfectly for fine drafting. Which, let’s be
honest, I don’t do. However, I do like to use these pencils for drafting some
of the forms in my sketchnotes. I have the 0.5, 0.7 and 2.0. They’re
unfortunately not cheap but will go the distance- I’ve had mine now for
over five years. I often use pencils if I have time with a sketchnote, so that I
can map it out, before I commit to it in ink.

Mnemosyne Notebooks
These are my favourite notebooks. I figure if we’re going to draw
something worthwhile, it’s always nice to have a notebook we love. Many
of the Mnemosyne range have pages with perforated edges, which means
pages can be removed easily and given to other people or scanned when
needed. I use the 183 (A5 format) and the 181 (A4 format) for larger
sketchnotes.

Cordura Smart Fit Travel Case

I like to use a case that’s compact enough to be carried by hand and will
never take up too much room in a work satchel. This Cordura case is perfect
for this. It also has a handy sleeve so that pens don’t fall out easily. There
are many alternatives to this brand that are just as practical.
 As a sketchnoter, you will build a toolkit that works for you. There are
many options available in good stationery stores and it’s always rewarding
to explore and try new tools! The examples above are some of my personal
favourites, but I’ll just as readily switch to a standard black pen and sheet of
A4 paper.
The Overall Analogue Toolkit
2. Digital Tools
There’s something about working with paper that can’t be matched. The
feeling of working with nice pens, the slight abrasion of the pen running
across the page, the enjoyment from working with multiple colors.
With more and more digital options for sketchnoting, I thought it
worthwhile to cover some of these in this guide. These can be considered
as additional options and are certainly not essential.

Digital Devices With Pens

In the last few years, there are more choices than ever for devices that come
with a pen (or stylus). These devices range from being pure tablets (ie. not
integrated keyboard), to devices that are more like laptops that can also be
written on.
At the time of writing, this is a list of the more popular tools:

Apple iPad Pro and iPad 2018

Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 and Samsung Galaxy Tab A 10.1with S Pen
Microsoft Surface Pro 6
Lenovo Yoga Book
Huawei MediaPad M5 Pro with M Pen
Lenovo MIIX 520 with Lenovo Active Pen 2

reMarkable is also worth a mention (www.remarkable.com). The makers

claim to have sold 50,000 of these devices and that it “the only digital
device that feels like paper.” I am yet to try it myself but found the concept
so interesting, that it’s probably worth a mention.

Some Advantages
So why would it be worth considering using one of these devices? While it
takes some getting used to, going digital can have some advantages over
paper. Here are some of the benefits I’ve found:

Carry with you: when you use a tablet, all of your sketchnotes go with
you. I have folders and folders of paper sketchnotes at home, but these
are not always accessible. With notes on a tablet, I can refer to them
often.

Back up: many tablets come with options to backup files either to your
desktop computer, an external device or to the cloud. This means if you
lose your tablet, you’ll still have your sketchnotes. That’s a big deal
given how much time we can spend sketchnoting over the years.

New interactions: this area is not often considered, but tablets have
introduced new interaction types and gestures for the way we can draw.
With note-taking applications, we can select and move what we’ve
drawn (this simply cannot be done with paper), zoom into objects, cut
and paste, fill objects with a color, and even add color behind lines we’ve
drawn (as opposed to over the top). This provides sketchnoters with
some new creative possibilities.

Scalability: some noting applications capture pen strokes in what is

called ‘vectors’. This means, that even when you enlarge your drawing
(say to a large poster like A0), the resolution of your drawing will be
100% preserved. This gives amazing possibilities for what you can do
with your work.

Zooming and detail: many apps have the ability to zoom in on what you
draw. This allows you to work on the detail of a specific aspect of the
sketch. Some apps also allow you to resize the object you’re sketching –
which means you can start large, fill in a lot of detail, and then resize the
drawing smaller so it looks very detailed within your overall sketchnote.

Working with drawings across applications: some drawing apps allow

you to transfer your drawing file to other software applications, to work
with them in other ways. For example, you might choose to export your
sketchnote to Adobe Photoshop, to clean up the sketch and prepare it for
professional output. Now, this can still be done with paper….it would
just require scanning the paper drawing, importing it to Adobe
Photoshop and then cleaning it up. I’ve used both methods and the big
difference is the number of steps in the process, the amount of manual
work and the need for peripheral tools (eg. a good scanner). While this
 advantage is not useful in all situations, it is an added benefit.

Color Selection: I love working with different colored pens and I love
looking at all the options for pens in stationery shops. However, I find
that a handful of colors is often enough for sketchnoting. But if you like
variety, it can be difficult to always carry lots of pen colors with you.
When we sketch in digital tools, there are thousands of colors and shades
to choose from…the possibilities are endless.

The Best Apps for iPad Pro

I have used a Samsung Galaxy Tab and various Apple iPads over the years.
At the moment, I use a first generation iPad Pro with the Apple Pencil.
Compared with previous styluses (like the Adonit Jot), the Apple Pencil
provides incredible accuracy and is as ‘real-to-life’ as a pen and paper that
I’ve used so far.
Amongst all of the apps I use, there are three that stand out as my
personal favorites.

#1 Favorite: Goodnotes
As soon as I discovered Goodnotes, I fell in love with it. This is my day-to-
day, ‘go to’ app for sketchnoting.
There are several features that make Goodnotes stand out from the rest
for me. First, I find the layout (portrait or landscape) reminds me most of
the experience of using paper. You can even select different paper options.
Second, the app captures sketches as ‘vectors’. This means that if you
export your drawing to PDF, and then have it printed as a poster (A0 super
large!), the resolution will stay brilliant. Third, it is easy to select a section
(or entire page) of your sketchnote and then share it with others (either on
email or social media). This feature is called ‘take screenshot’ and I use it
almost on a daily basis.
App Store: click here
Website: http://www.goodnotesapp.com/
 Example of Goodnotes

#2 Favorite: Notability
Notability is useful for all types of notes, not just sketching. It’s simple to
categorise your notes, move pages about, and even select and zoom/rotate
objects. It’s easy to sketch a quick object (whether a cloud or an arrow). It’s
even simpler to color objects so that they have life on the page. Because
objects are vectors, it’s also easy to select and resize an object. Notes are
easy to find by simply swiping up and down between pages. Many people I
know prefer this app over others.
App Store: click here
Website: http://gingerlabs.com/
 Example of Notability

#3 Favorite: Paper
Paper is simply a beautiful app. For the artist in you that likes to sit in
galleries and lose yourself in watercolors, you’ll find this app as pleasant as
spending time in an art museum. A real weakness of Paper for some time
was its poor zoom function. But this has since been solved in recent
releases. Now you can pinch and zoom a magnifier to sketch in fine detail. I
still have niggles with this app, but cannot fault it for sustaining a simple,
elegant design, as well as its useful pen options. What’s more, Paper
includes a section that shows the art of other users, so you’re never far from
inspiration. Many of the tools in Paper do come at a small cost….so this is
a potential drawback.
App Store: click here
Website: https://www.fiftythree.com/
 Example of Paper

Other noteworthy applications include Adobe Sketch, Sketches by

Tayasui, and Procreate. Adobe Sketch produces vector drawings and has a
clean interface, but I find some of the tools and pens limited compared with
other options. Sketches is a beautifully designed application, and super
easy to use – but unfortunately the drawings are not in vector format which
limits the possibilities to re-size work. Procreate is one of the best drawing
applications out there and has an incredible range of artistic options.
Personally, I find these options far more suited to the professional artist,
which is why I’ve played with the application, but haven’t used it for
extended sketchnoting.
 6.
Now…Where To
Apply Your Skill

Now that you've had a play with sketchnoting, you're well on your way to
becoming a master.
If you practice this skill a few times a week (in the occasional meeting,
or during your own reflection or planning), you'll be amazed how quickly
this becomes a talent.
To help you build your skill, let’s take a look at some of the potential
ways you can put your practice into action.
Opportunities to sketchnote can be split up into two dimensions: whether
you wish to use the skill for yourself or with many people, and whether
you’ll use a small format or a large format.
You can think about it like this…..

Applying Your Skill - Sketchnote Dimensions

Small & Large Formats

Now, while there are no rules to this, small format sketchnotes might
include:

Post It notes
napkins
index cards
envelopes (or back of)
A4 paper

Large format surfaces could be:

flipcharts
glass
posters
large format, foam-core boards
whiteboards
scroll paper (though the recording is not in English, I was amazed to
watch on TedX how Andreas Gaertner uses scroll paper for his
graphic recordings)
walls (yes, these days some walls are painted with Whiteboard Paint!)

If you’re using a device like a tablet, you can also plug this into various
display devices to add further possibilities. I’ve sketchnoted directly onto
TVs and projected on walls when I’m working with groups to create
material.
 Sketching on Index Cards for a Workshop

One or Many People

You can use sketchnoting in a variety of settings. From working with one
person to large conferences, here are a few ideas:
One on one meetings: if you have regular one-on-one meetings with
people in your team, or are meeting new people, sketchnoting is great to
capture conversations. As an example, I used a sketchnoting framework
to interview seven different professionals working in digital marketing.
They found it a very unique way to document the conversation and were
thrilled to receive a copy of the sketchnote after their interview.
Small team meetings: when I’m working with small teams and we’re
having conversations about what we’ll do in the future, I often
sketchnote the discussion. This activity helps the group get clarity on the
major themes of conversation and gives everyone a very memorable way
to remember what was said.
Facilitated groups: if you’re working with a facilitator and a group of 10
to 30 people, sketchnoting can be useful. I’ve used sketchnoting to plan
agendas for when I facilitate groups, as well as to capture the flow of a
facilitated session.
Lectures & Conferences: when I capture sketchnotes at public lectures
and conferences, I often share the sketches via Twitter. It’s a great way
to engage the whole audience in the material and remember the major
points of learning. What’s more, people love to share visual material…
 so there’s a good chance your work will be shared with others. Many of
the sketchnotes in this book are from lectures and conferences I have
attended.
Here’s a helpful diagram to remember the many ways you can use
sketchnoting.

Applying Your Skill - Sketchnote Dimensions

 Thank you for taking the time to read this simple guide. I hope by
reading it, you have come away with some practical tools and techniques to
lift your own sketchnoting and self-expression.
May you keep on this journey, as Sally is doing, and as I am also.
 Inspiration
Often I am asked where I go for inspiration for sketchnoting. So here I’ve
listed how I search for new directions, as well as people who have inspired
me in recent years.

General Searches
To help me stumble across what I’ve not seen before, I like to search
general tags across Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest and Google Images. When
I want to find something spontaneous, this is where I go first.

Twitter - https://twitter.com/hashtag/Sketchnotes
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/sketchnotes/
Pinterest -https://www.pinterest.com.au/search/pins/?q=sketchnote&rs
Google Images (add search term) - https://images.google.com

I find ‘sketchnote’ or ‘sketchnotes’ both equally good terms to use when

searching for ideas.

People

Agent Fin (aka Alexis Finch)

Alexis Finch has a degree in anthropology and a masters in advertising. She
publishes many examples of her sketchnotes to her website.
http://www.agentfin.com/sketchnotes/

Dan Roam
Author of five books on visual communication, Dan Roam has done much
for getting the world to think in pictures. While his work spans a larger field
than sketchnoting, I always find his work a great reference.
http://www.danroam.com/

Eva Lotta Lamm

Author of many books on skethnoting, including how to draw people and
yoga, Eva Lotta Lamm has a unique style and passion for sketchnoting.
Her instagram is a great place to visit with coffee. If you’re interested in her
books or speaking engagements, they’re listed on her website.
https://www.instagram.com/evalottchen/
https://sketchnotesbook.com/

José Naranja
If you want to see notebooks that are incredibly beautiful, look no further
than José Naranja. I stumbled across his work several years ago and have
been in awe ever since.
http://josenaranja.blogspot.com/
https://www.instagram.com/jose_naranja/

Lindsay Braman
Lindsay Braman writes regular articles on her blog about drawing,
illustration and sketchnoting. Her sketchnotes are almost always focused
on meaningful subjects (eg. listening well, healthy adults, etc). I enjoyed
her article on ‘how to draw a brain’, as it’s an icon I often use in
sketchnotes.
http://lindsaybraman.com/
https://www.instagram.com/lindsaybraman/

Mike Rohde
Author of The Sketchnote Handbook, Mike Rohde is an experience and
interface designer. He is founder of the movement The Sketchnote Army
and a pioneer in sketchnoting. Examples of his work, books and podcasts
can be found on his website.
http://rohdesign.com/sketchnotes/

Marc Bourhuignon
Mark Bourhuignon is based in France and posts latest sketches to his
Twitter account.
https://twitter.com/100978marc

Mister Maikel
A graphic facilitator and sketchnoter, Mister Maikel is a great source of
inspiration. As well as his sketchnotes, I enjoy seeing how he draws text
and fonts.
https://twitter.com/MisterMaikel/
https://www.instagram.com/mister.maikel/

Sacha Chua
Sacha Chua started sketching her presentations about five years ago and
published many of her sketches to her website. She sketches a lot of books
she reads as a way to boost memory and share insights with others. Her
blog and site includes many great examples of sketchnotes.
http://sachachua.com/blog/sketched-books/

Sunni Brown
Author of the Doodle Revolution, Sunni brown is an advocate for visual
thinking and TED speaker. Her Instagram includes latest pics of graphic
facilitation in between what else is happening in her life in general.
https://www.instagram.com/sunnibrown/

Tanmay Vora
Tanmay Vora is a Director and Country Head in India who also has a
passion for sketchnoting and uses graphic facilitation as part of his
leadership style. In 2006 he started the QAspire blog on leadership, learning
and change. He publishes his sketchnotes regularly. His work is well worth
a look.
http://qaspire.com/category/blog/sketchnotes/
https://twitter.com/tnvora
http://tanmayvora.com/

Tanja Wehr
Tanja Wehr is an author of several sketchnote books in Germany and
publishes her sketchnotes and latest thinking to her Instagram account.
https://www.instagram.com/sketchnotelovers/
 About The Author
Alessio Bresciani has 20 years experience helping startups, large
companies and individuals think, collaborate and act on strategy.
He has worked with multinational and Australian companies like
Australia Post, GlaxoSmithKline, Coles and ANZ Bank. Much of his work
has focused on leading digital transformation and working with strategists,
researchers, designers and content specialists.
Alessio is a graduate and previous sessional lecturer of the Masters of
Strategic Foresight at Swinburne University, a course that helped him
understand the value of future-oriented strategy, and built upon a Bachelor
of Commerce from the University of Melbourne
Beyond work, Alessio is a Black Belt instructor with the Bradshaw
Academy of Martial Arts - where he teaches judo and jiujitsu. He has
published articles Inc.com and The Huffington Post. He lives in Melbourne
with his wife.
For more information, visit - www.alessiobresciani.com
 Leave a Review
If you liked A Simple Guide to Sketchnoting, please consider taking a
moment to leave a review on Amazon.
I have used previous comments to improve this book and I would greatly
appreciate your thoughts.

References
[i]
I. Pencil, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil#Camel's_hair_pencil

II. [ii]
Stevenote, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevenote

III. [iii]
“Want More Business Creativity? Pick Up The Pen.” By Michel Theriaulty, Forbes,
08/08/2013 https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2013/08/08/want-more-business-
creativity-pick-up-the-pen/

IV. [iv]
Sunni Brown: Doodlers, Unite!, TED, September 2011,
https://www.ted.com/talks/sunni_brown

V. [v]
Enhancing Creative Confidence through Sketchnoting,
A Foundational Research Exploration, Verena Paepcke-Hjeltness, Aziza Cyamani.
https://scholar.uc.edu/downloads/bn999672