Crim 1 e Module

DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE,
INC.
Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Accredited by ACSCU-ACI
CRIM 1
INTRODUCTION TO
CRIMINOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE
SY 2020 - 2021
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Course Name: CRIM 1 Introduction to Criminology
Course Description:
This study covers the general and fundamental theories,
principles, and concepts found in foreign references with
those practiced and applied in the Philippines.
Pre-requisite: LEA 2 Comparative Models in Policing
Units: 3
Course Outline:
PRELIM
Unit 1: Introduction
Unit Requirements: Davao Central College establishment
layout
Week 1 Requirements: Differentiation
Week 2 Requirements: Timeline Organizer
Week 3 Requirements: Floor Plan
PRE-MIDTERM
Unit 2: Alarm System
Unit Requirements: Davao Central College establishment alarm
system floor plan.
Week 4 Requirements: Alarm System Floor Plan

Week 5 Requirements: Essay Writing
MIDTERM
Unit 3: Personnel Security
Unit Requirements: Hazard Security Layout Plan of DCC
Week 7 Requirements: Background Investigation
Week 9 Requirements: Hazard Security Layout
PRE-SEMI FINALS
Unit 4: VIP Security
Unit Requirements: VIP Security Plan
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Week 10 Requirements: VIP Security Plan
Week 11 Requirements: Narration
Week 12 Requirements: Security Survey and Inspection
SEMI FINALS
Unit 5: Emergency and Disaster Management
Unit Requirements: Emergency evacuation plan
Week 13 Requirements: Poster Making
Week 14 Requirements: Situational Analysis
Week 15 Requirements: Investigation Report Writing
FINALS
Unit 6: Private Security Agency Law
Unit Requirements: An interview with a security guard
Week 18 Requirements: Interview
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Week 1
Topic: Overview of Criminology
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the definition of Criminology
2. Understand the purpose of criminology.
Concept Digest (Discussion)
Criminology Defined
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals

and criminal behavior (Glick, 1995).
Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as

a social phenomenon (Sutherland and Cressy, 1995)
Criminology is the science which studies crime forms of

criminal behavior, the causes of crime, the definition of
criminality, and the societal reaction to criminal activity
(Sousa, 2008).
In its broadest meaning, Criminology is the body of

knowledge regarding crimes, criminals, and the effort of
society to prevent and repress them.
In a narrower sense, Criminology is the scientific

study of crimes and criminal behavior.
Principal Division of Criminology (Tradio, 1999)
1. Criminal Etiology – An attempt at scientific analysis

of the causes of crime.
2. Sociology of Law – An attempt at scientific analysis of

the conditions under which penal or criminal laws
develop as a process of formal social control.
3. Penology – Concerned with the rehabilitation and

treatment of offenders.
Three Components of Criminology (Clarence Ray)
1. Detection of Offender
2. Treatment of Offender
3. Explaining crime and criminal behavior
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Goals of Studying Criminology
1. To describe criminal behavior

2. To understand criminal behavior
3. To predict criminal behaviors
4. To control criminal behavior
Various Studies and Sciences and Related to Criminology
1. Law
2. Sociology
3. Psychology
4. Medicine
5. Chemistry
6. Public Administration
7. Education
8. Theology
9. Economics
Agencies and Sectors Associate to Criminology
1. legislative bodies and lawmakers

2. Law enforcement agencies
3. Courts and prosecution
4. Correctional Institutions
5. Educational Institutions
6. Public Charitable Agencies
7. Public Welfare Agencies
8. Non-Government Agencies
9. The Family and The Home
10. Church
Nature of Criminology
Generally, criminology cannot be considered a science

because it has not yet acquired universal validity and
acceptance. It is not stable and it varies from one time and
place to another. However, considering that science is the
systematic and objective study of social phenomenon and
other bodies of knowledge, criminology is a science in
itself when under the following nature.
1. An Applied Science. Criminologist investigate crimes in

order to generate practical solutions to the problem.
Applied Science focuses on the practical application

of the principles discovered in basic science. Natural
science concerned with the physical nature or
environment. In the study of the causes of crimes,
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natural sciences such as anthropology, psychology and

sociology may be applied. In like manner, applied
sciences such as chemistry, medicine, physics,
mathematics, ballistics, polygraph, legal medicine and
questioned document examination may be utilized in crime
detection.
2. Social Science. Refers to the intellectual and academic

disciplines designed to understand the social world
objectively. It is the study of the various aspects of
human society.
Crime is a social creation that exists in a
society being a social phenomenon. This means the study
of criminology includes not only the study of crimes
and criminal behavior but also the reaction of society
towards crime and criminal behavior.
3. Dynamic. Criminology changes as social condition

changes.
4. Interdisciplinary. Many disciplines are involved in the

study of crimes and criminal behavior. Among them are
sociology, psychology, psychiatry, economics and
political science.
5. Nationalistic. The study of crimes must be in a

relation with the existing criminal law within the
existing criminal law within the country.
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Activities (Formative)
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
1. Write the things you learned.
2. Use the space provided below.
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Assessment (Summative)
Title: Essay Writing
Date of Submission: September 11, 2020
Things to do:
1. Answer the question provided.
2. The explanation must contain 50 words exactly per item.
3. Use the space provided below the question.
1. Define Criminology based on the discussion.
2. Is criminology a science? Justify your answer.
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References:
Armando Alviola, PhD Crim (2014). Introduction to
Criminology and Psychology of Crimes
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Week 2
Topic: Scope of Criminology
Learning Outcomes:
1. Learn the related studies of criminology and its
nature
Study Of Criminology Covers The Following Scope:
1. Study of the origin and development of criminal or

penal law.
2. Study of the causes of crimes and development of

criminals.
3. Study of different factors that enhance the development

of criminal behaviour such as:
a. Criminal Demography – Study of the relationship

between criminality and population.
b. Criminal Epidemiology - Study of criminality in

relation to spatial distribution in a
community.
c. Criminal Ecology - Study of the relationship

between criminality and environment.
d. Criminal Physical Anthropology – Study of the

criminality in relation to physical
constitution of men.
e. Criminal Psychology – Study of human mind and

behaviour in relation to criminality.
f. Criminal Psychiatry – Study of mental and

behavioural disorders in relation to
criminality.
g. Victimology – Study of the role of victim in

crime commission.
4. Study of various measures and methods accepted by

society in cases of violation of criminal law such as:
a. Detection of crimes
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b. Arrest or apprehension of criminals
c. Prosecution of suspected law violators
d. Conviction of criminals in judicial proceedings
e. Imprisonment, correction and rehabilitation of

criminals
f. Enforcement of laws
g. Administration of police and other law

enforcement agencies
h. Maintenance of recreational facilities and

other auxiliary services to prevent the
development of crimes and criminal behavior.
Major Areas of Study in Criminology
1. Criminal Sociology
2. Criminal Law and Jurisprudence
3. Law Enforcement and Administration
4. Crime Detection, Investigation and Prevention
5. Criminalistics – covers the following:
a. Dactyloscopy – the science of fingerprinting

b. Photography – study of black and white colored
photograph
c. Polygraphy – the science of lie detection
examination
d. Ballistics – Study of firearms and bullets
e. Questioned Document Examination – study of
disputed documents
f. Forensic Medicine – application of medical
science to elucidate legal problems
g. Forensic Chemistry – application of chemical
principles in the solution of problems that
arise in connection with the administration of
justice
6. Corrections – deals with the institution and non-

institution correctional system approach.
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Title: Response Log
Things to do:
1. Write the things you understand of lesson taught.
2. Use the blank space provided below.
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Title: Poster Making
Things to do:
1. The poster should be a visualization of the different
factors that enhance the development of criminal
behavior.
2. You can use any drawing materials.
3. Use the blank space below.
References:
Armando Alviola, PhD Crim. (2014). Introduction to

Criminology and Psychology of Crimes
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Week 3
Topic: Criminologist
Learning Outcomes:
1. Learn and appreciate the role of criminologist and
their privileges.
Criminologist Defined
Criminologist is any person who is a graduate of the

Degree of Criminology, who has passed the examination for
criminologists and registered as such by the Board (Section
22, R.A. 6506 – An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for
Criminologists in the Philippines and for other Purposes).
Criminologist is a professional who studies crime,

criminals, criminal behavior, and efforts to control crime
(Reid, 1997).
Criminologist is one who is trained in the field of

Criminology. One who studies crime, criminals and criminal
behavior (Schmalleger, 1996).
Practice of Criminology Defined
A person is deemed to be engaged in the practice of

Criminology if he holds himself out to the public in any of
the following capacities:
a. As a professor, instructor or teacher in Criminology in

any university, college or school duly recognized by
the government and teaches any of the following
subjects: (a) Law Enforcement Administration,
(b) Criminalists,
(c) Correctional Administration,
(d) Criminal Sociology and allied subjects, and
(e) Other technical and specialized subjects in the
Criminology curriculum provided by the Department of
Education.
b. As law enforcement administrator, executive, adviser,

consultant or agent in any government or private
agency.
c. As technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics, questions

documents, police photography, lie detection, forensic
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chemistry and other scientific aspects of crime

detection.
d. As correctional administrator, executive supervisor,

worker or officer in any correctional and penal
institution.
e. As counselor, expert, adviser, researcher in any

government or private agency on any aspects of criminal
research or project involving the causes of crime,
juvenile delinquency, treatment of offenders, police
operations, law enforcement administration, scientific
criminal investigation or public welfare
administration.
Privileges of Certified Criminologists
All certified criminologists shall be exempt from

taking any other entrance or qualifying government or civil
service examinations and shall be considered civil service
eligible to the following government positions:
(1) Dactylographer,
(2) Ballistician,
(3) questioned document examiner,
(4) Correctional officer,
(5) Law enforcement photographer,
(6) lie detection examiner,
(7) Probation officer,
(8) Agents in any law enforcement agency,
(9) Security officer,
(10) Criminal investigator, or
(11) Police laboratory technician.
Certified criminologists shall be eligible for

appointment as Patrolman in chartered cities and
municipalities, provided they possess the general
qualifications for appointment provided in Section 9 of
Republic Act 4864.
Career Given to Certified Criminologists
1. Law Enforcement Officers / Intelligence officers /

Investigators
a. PNP
b. PPA
c. NBI
d. Bureau of Customs
e. PDEA
f. Department of Finance
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g. NAPOLCOM
h. BFP
i. DOTC
j. DILG
k. Other government branches with intelligence and
investigative units
2. Members of AFP
a. Philippine Navy
b. Philippine Army
c. Philippine Air Force
d. Philippine Marines
3. Forensic Specialist or Experts
a. NBI
b. PNP Crime Laboratory
c. Higher Education Institutions
4. Personnel and Officers of Correctional Institutions
a. BUCOR
b. BJMP
c. PPA
d. Provincial Jail
5. Judiciary
a. Supreme Court as sheriffs
6. Maritime Industry
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Title: Response Log
Things to do:
2. Being a criminology students what is your inspiration
and reason to take this course.
3. Write what will be your preparation to become a
criminologist?
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Title: Interview
Things to do:
1. Interview one Criminologist about his/her experience
before and after gained the profession.
2. Put his/her name and signature on the activity sheet.
3. Write the thoughts you learned from the interview.
4. It must contain 100 words.
References:
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Criminology and Psychology of Crime.
Week 4
Unit 2: Schools in Criminology

Topic: Schools of Thought in Criminology
Learning Outcomes:
1. Understand the points of view of the different schools
of criminology
CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY
The classical school of criminology was developed in

the eighteenth century, where classical thinking emerged in
response to the cruel forms of punishment that dominated at
the time. It is considered that writers such as Montesquieu
and Voltaire encouraged perhaps the emergence of this new
‘classical’ thinking, by becoming involved in campaigns for
more enlightened approaches to be taken towards crime and
the punishment given by the justice systems at the time.
There were two main contributors to this theory of

criminology and they were Jeremy Bentham and Cesare de
Beccaria. They are seen as the most important enlightenment
thinkers in the area of ‘classical’ thinking and are
considered the founding fathers of the classical school of
criminology. They both sought to reduce the harshness of
eighteenth century judicial systems, even though coming from
different philosophical stances.
Bentham’s contribution to ‘classical’

theory is based on the fact that he was a
utilitarian, interested in the happiness
and well-being of the population and
therefore believing that punishment, in
the form of the infliction of pain, should
always be justified in terms of a greater
good. At the heart of Bentham’s writing
was the idea that human behavior is
directed at maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, (the
pleasure-pain principle).
Bentham believed that crime was committed on the

outset, by individuals who seek to gain excitement, money,
sex or anything of value to the individual.
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Beccaria (1764/1963: 93) stated that; ‘It is better to

prevent crimes than to punish them’.
This is at the heart of the classical

school of criminology. Beccaria believed
that laws needed to be put into place in
order to make punishments consistent and in
line with the crime. He believed that crime
prevention in its effectiveness is down to
three main ideas, these being the certainty
of the crime and how likely it is too
happened, the celerity of the crime and how
quickly the punishment is inflicted and also the severity of
the crime, and how much pain is inflicted. Beccaria thought
that the severity of the penalties given should be
proportionate to the crime committed and no more than what
is necessary in order to deter the offender and others from
committing further crimes.
Classical thinking says that criminals make a rational

choice, and choose to do criminal acts due to maximum
pleasure and minimum pain. The classical school says
criminals are rational, they weigh up the costs and
therefore we should create deterrents which slightly
outweigh what would be gained from the crime. This is the
reason behind the death penalty being viewed by classical
thinkers such as Beccaria and Bentham as pointless, because
there would be no deterrent. However when considering
manslaughter, as Bentham also believes, if the severity of
the punishment should slightly outweigh the crime then
surely capital punishment should be used, there doesn’t seem
to be any stronger a deterrent to other criminals thinking
of undertaking the same criminal behavior, than seeing
another eradicated due to their actions.
NEO – CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY
It flourished in the 19th century, has the basis as the

classical school – a belief in free will. But the neo –
classical criminologist believed the classical approach was
too harsh and unjust. The school of criminology is a
modification of classical theory, it believed that certain
factors such as insanity will inhibit the exercise of free
will.
Perhaps the most shocking aspect of harsh penal codes

in early times was that they did not provide for the
separate treatment of children. One of the changes of the
neoclassical periods was that children under seven years of
age were exempt from the law because they were presumed to
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be unable to understand what is right or wrong. The

exemption would cover the juveniles. Mental disease became
reason to exempt a suspect from conviction too. It was seen
as a sufficient cause of impaired responsibility, and thus
defense by reason of insanity crept into the law. Any
situation that made it impossible to exercise free will was
seen as a reason to exempt a person from legal
responsibility from what otherwise might be a criminal act.
It was not a scientific school of criminology, it began

to explore the causation issue. Its proponents made
exceptions to the law and implied multiple causation. Even
today, much modern law is based on the neoclassical
philosophy of free will tempered by exceptions (Reid, 1997)
POSITIVIST CRIMINOLOGY
The positivist school originated in the 19th century in

the context” scientific revolution “. It rejected the harsh
legalism of the classical school and substituted the concept
of free will with the doctrine of determinism. They focused
on the constitutional approach to crime, advocating that
structure or physical characteristics of an individual
determine that person behaviors. It emphasized a philosophy
of individualized, scientific treatment of criminals.
Auguste Comte is considered the founder of

positivist school and sociology. He applied
the methods in the study of society, from
where he adopted the word sociology. He
wanted a society in which all social
problems will be solved by scientific
methods and research. He believed that
large groups of people such as society,
being a subject of scientific study, can lead to the
discovery of specific laws that would greatly help them.
The positivist school was composed of several Italians.

It is associated with Cesare Lombroso (founded the Italian
School of Thought), Enrico Ferri and Rafael Garofalo. They
were called the “unholy three” by the religious leaders
during the time of positivism because of their belief in
evolution as contrasted to biblical interpretation of the
origin of man and woman, Eventually, they have been called
the “holy three of criminology” because their emergence
symbolized clearly that era of faith was over and the
scientific age had begun.
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The positivist school presumes that criminal behavior

is caused by internal and external factors outside of the
individual’s control. The following are key assumptions of
the positivist school of thought:
1. Human behavior is determined and not a matter of
free will.
2. Criminals are fundamentally different from non –
criminals.
3. Positivist search for such differences by scientific
methods.
4. Social scientists can be objective, or values -
neutral in their work.
5. Crime is frequently caused by multiple factors.
6. Society is based on consensus and not on social
contract.
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Name: ___________________________ Subject:_________Rating:__

Activity (Formative)
Title: Response Log
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Name: ___________________________ Subject:_________Rating:__

Title: Timeline Organizer
Things to do:
1. Write the contributions of the personalities behind
each theory.
2. The explanation must contain 30 words exactly.
CONTRIBUTOR CONTRIBUTION
Auguste Comte
Jeremy Bentham
Cesare Becarria
Rafaelle Garofalo
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Cesare Lombroso
Enricco Ferri
References:
Criminology and Psychology of Crime
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Week 5

Topic: Biological Positivism
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the distinctions of biological and
sociological positivism.
Biological Positivism
Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Lombroso an Italian criminologist, scientist,

university professor, prison doctor, and founder of criminal
anthropology. He was one of the largest contributors to
biological positivism and founder of the Italian School of
Criminology. He is widely known as the father of modern
criminology.
Lombroso’s work closely followed Charles Darwin’s

theory of man’s evolution. Lombroso contented that just as
human beings developed from nonhuman animal forms, the
criminal was a throwback or mutant to a primitive stage of
human evolution. The criminal was a product of biology and
not as much could be done for this born criminal. Lombroso’s
positivist approach was scientific, anthropological and
biological. With the research, the legalistic concern for
crime advanced to a scientific study of the criminal which
turn became the field of criminology. This accounted for his
title of being the father of criminology.
After completing his medical studies, Lombroso served

as an army physician, became a professor of psychiatry at
the University of Turin, and later I his life accepted an
appointment as professor of criminal anthropology. His
theory of the born criminal states that criminals are a
lowest form of his life, nearer to their apelike ancestors
than non-criminals in traits and dispositions. They can be
distinguished from non-criminals by various atavistic
stigmata, which refers to the physical features of creatures
at an earlier stage of development before they became fully
human beings.
The criminals’ distinct physical and mental stigmata

include deviation in head size and shape from the type
common to the race and region from which the criminal came;
asymmetry of the face; excessive dimensions of the jaw and
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cheek bones; occasionally very small or standing out from

the head as those of chimpanzee; nose twisted, upturned or
flattened in thieves or aquiline or beak-like in murderers
or with a tip rising like a peak from swollen nostrils;
fleshy lips, swollen and protruding; pouches in the cheeks
like those of animals toes; and imbalance of the hemispheres
of the brain. Lombroso’s work supported the idea that the
criminal was a biologically and physically inferior person.
Among Lombroso’s major contributions to positivist

criminology are the following:
1. Theory of Atavism. His opinion that criminals were
developed from primitive or subhuman individuals
characterize by some inferior mental and physical
characteristics such as receding hairline, forehead
wrinkles, bumpy face, broad noses, fleshy lips, sloping
shoulders, long arms and pointy fingers. He called this
condition atavism.
2. Application of the experimental or scientific method to

study criminal. He spent endless hours measuring
criminally insane persons and epileptics’ skull.
3. Development of criminal typology. He categorized the

criminals as follows:
a. Born Criminal – Born with a genetic

predilection toward criminality.
b. Epileptic Criminal – Commits crime because they
are affected by epilepsy.
c. Insane Criminal – Commits crime due to
abnormalities or psychological order.
d. Occasional Criminals – Commit crime due to
insignificant reasons that push them to do at a
given occasion.
Lombroso also identified the various types of

occasional criminals as:
a. Pseudo Criminals – These individuals are not

real criminals. They have neither any inborn
tendency towards crime nor are they under the
influence of any bad crime-inducing habit. They
do something criminal on account of acute of
circumstances that leave them with no choice.
An example would be persons who kill in self-
defense.
b. Criminaloids – Criminaloid means like a
criminal or having resemblance with the
criminal. But it can be said that criminaloids
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are not born criminals but non-criminals who

have adopted criminal activity due to pressure
of circumstances and less physical stamina or
self-control. The nature of their crimes is not
very grave.
c. Habitual Criminals – No organic criminal
tendency but in the course of their lives they
have developed some foul habits that force them
into criminality.
d. Passionate Criminals – Easily influenced by
great emotions like fit of anger.
4. Belief in the indeterminate sentence. Penalties should

be indeterminate so that those born criminals who are
incorrigible could worked with and rehabilitated.
5. Application of statistical techniques to criminology.

Although crude and with the use of questionable control
groups, statistical techniques were used by Lombroso to
make criminological predictions.
Enricco Ferri
A student of Lombroso, Enricco Ferri is the best known

of Lombroso’s associates. But, although he agreed with
Lombroso on the biological bases of criminal behavior, his
interest in socialism led him to recognize the importance of
social, economic and political factors in the study of
criminal behavior. His greatest contribution was his attack
on the classical doctrine of free will which argued that
criminals should be held morally responsible for their
crimes because they must have made a rational decision to
commit those acts. On the contrary, he believed that
criminals could not be held morally responsible because they
did not choose to commit crimes but rather were driven to
commit them by conditions in their lives. He, however,
stresses that society needed protection against criminal
acts and that it was the purpose of the criminal law and
penal policy to provide that protection.
Ferri claimed that strict obedience to preventive

measures based on scientific methods would eventually reduce
crimes and allow people to live together in society with
less dependence on the penal system.
Rafael Garofalo
Garofalo rejected the doctrine of free will and

supported the position that the only way to understand crime
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was to study it by scientific methods. Influenced by

Lombroso’s theory of atavistic stigmata, which he found to
have many shortcomings, he traced the roots of criminal
behavior not to physical features but to their psychological
equivalents which he called moral anomalies. According to
thud theory, natural crimes are found in all human societies
regardless of the views of lawmakers and no society can
disregard that.
According to Garafalo, natural crimes are those that

offend the basic normal sentiments of probity, which mean
respect for the property of others and piety or avoidance of
causing infliction of sufferings to others. An individual
who has an organic deficiency in these moral sentiments has
no moral force against committing such crimes. Influences by
the theory of Darwin, he suggested that death penalty could
rid the society of its maladapted members, just as the
natural selection process eliminated maladapted organisms.
And for those who committed less serious offenses, who are
capable of adapting themselves to society in some measure,
he preferred: transportation to remote islands, loss of
privileges, institutionalization in farm colonies or perhaps
simple reparation. Clearly, Garofalo was more concerned and
interests in protecting society that individual rights of
offenders. He classified criminals as:
1. Murderers- those who are satisfied from vengeance or

revenge
2. Violent criminals- those who commit very serious
crimes.
3. Thieves- those who commit crimes against property.
4. Lascivious criminals – those who commit crimes against
chastity
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Week 5
Name:____________________________ Subject:___________Rating:
Activities (Formatives)
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
1. Write your comprehension in the topic or lesson taught
on the space provided.
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Week 5
Date of Submission: October 9, 2020
Things to do:
1. Write the contribution of the personalities behind
biological positivism.
2. The explanation must contain 30 words per item.
3. Use the space provided in the column.
CONTRIBUTOR CONTRIBUTION
Cesare Lombroso
Enricco Ferri
Raffaele Garofalo
References:
Armando A. Alviola, PhD. (2014) Introduction to Criminology
and Psychology of Crimes.
Week 6
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Topic: Sociological Positivism

Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the Sociological Positivism
Sociological Positivism
During the 19th and 20th centuries, some scholars began

to search for social determinants of criminal behavior.
Among them were Belgian Mathematecian Adolphe Quetelet and
the French lawyer Andre Michel Guerry. They started what was
called Cartographic School of Criminology in which they work
independently on the relation of crime statistics to such
factors as poverty, age, sex, race, climate and other
demographic factors. Both scholars concluded that society,
not the decisions of individual offenders was responsible
behavior.
Another scholar who worked on relationship of crime and
social factors was Gabriel Tarde. He was of the opinion that
society played an important role in creating the criminal.
However, individual choice and chance were also important to
him. Tarde’s major contribution in the study of the cause of
come was his concept of the criminals as a professional
type. He believed that most criminals went through a process
of training before final becoming criminal. Moreover, it was
an accident of birth or chance that put them in an
atmosphere of crime.Of all the 19th century writers on the
relationship between crime and social factors, none has more
powerfully influenced contemporary criminology than Emile
Durkheim. According to him, crime is an inevitable aspect of
society. It could disappear only if all members of society
had the same values, and such standardization is neither
possible nor desirable. He called the concept anomie, a
breakdown of social order as a result of a loss of standards
and values. In a society plagued by anomie, disintegration
and chaos replace social cohesion.
Comparison of the Classical and Positive Criminology
Classical Criminology Positivist Criminology
 Legal definition of  Rejection of legal
crime definition
 Let the punishment  Let the punishment fit
fit the crime the crime
 Doctrine of free  Doctrine of determinism
will
 Death penalty for  Abolition of the death
some offenses penalty
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 Anecdotal method –  Empirical research,

no empirical inductive method
research method
 Definite sentence  Indeterminate sentence
Lacassagne School
Lombroso’s Italian school was rivaled, in France, by
Alexandre Lacassagne and his school of thought based in Lyon
and influential from 1885 to 1914. The Lacassgane School
rejected Lombroso’s theory of criminal type and factors.
However, contrary to criminological tendencies influenced by
Durkheim’s social determinism, it did not reject biological
factors. Indeed, Lacassagne created an original synthesis of
both tendencies, influenced by positivism, phrenology and
hygienism which alleged a direct influence of the social
environment on the brain.
Hans Eysenck, a british psychologist claimed that
psychological factors such as extraversion and neuroticism
made a person more likely to commit criminal acts. He also
included a psychoticism dimension that includes traits
similar to the psychopathic profile develop by Hervey
Cleckey and later Robert Hare. Eysenck also based his model
on early parental socialization of the child. His approach
bridges the gap between biological explanations and
environmental or social learning based approaches.
Chicago School
It arose in the early 20th century, through the work of
Robert Park, Ernest Burgess and other urban sociologist at
the University of Chicago. In the 1920s, Park and Burgess
identified five concentric zones that often exist as cities
grown, including the zone of transition which was identified
as most volatile and subject to disorder. In the 1940s,
Henry Mckay and Clifford Shaw focused on juvenile
delinquents, finding that they were concentrated in the zone
of transition.
Chicago school sociologists adopted a social ecology
approach to studying cities, and postulated that urban
neighborhoods with high levels of poverty often experience
breakdown in the social structure and institutions such as
family and schools. This results in social disorganization
which reduces the ability of these institutions to control
behavior and creates an environment ripe for deviant
behavior.
Week 6
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Title: Response Log
Things to do:
1. Write your comprehension of the lesson taught.
Week 6
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Things to do:
1. Differentiate the biological and sociological
positivism.
2. Must explained with exactly 50 words per study.
3. Use the space provided in the column.
Biological Positivism Sociological Positivism
References:
Week 7
Unit 3: Criminal Etiology
Topic: Earlier Explanation of the Existence of Criminality
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Learning Outcomes:
1. Discuss the different explanations of the origin of
crime
Criminal Etiology
A study of the causes of crimes.
Earlier Explanations of the Existence of Criminality
The following concepts provide a scenario on how
criminality was dealt with in the early times:
1. Crime is causes by demon (Paganism Era). Men violate

social norms and religious practices because they
are possessed demon or evil spirits.
2. Crime is caused by divine will. Men manifest

criminal behavior because they are sinful. God is
the offended party when they commit crimes and the
punishment is in the form of plagues, earthquake’s
or other forms of desolation. This way, God’s anger
is lessened.
3. Crime is a matter of personal offense and

retribution. The earliest form of punishment was
private revenge in which the victim or the victim’s
kin retaliated for injury and the community did not
interfere. This often resulted in vendetta or blood
feuds that could continue for many years until one
or the other family was completely wiped out.
The earliest broad laws reflective of the

retributive system are those found in the Babylonian
Code of Hammurabi. These laws were based on “ an eye
for an eye a tooth for a tooth” concept of
retribution. However, the exacting for penalty
corresponding to the offense was of the upper or
freemen group. When a freeman offended a slave, he
might make justice by small payment of money. Slaves
had no legal rights.
4. Crime is equal to sin. Crimes and sins were treated

as the same substance and nature. The state claimed
that it was acting in the place of God when it
inflicted horrible punishments such as ostracism,
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stoning exile from community, burning, decapitation

and capital punishment.
In the twelve tables of Roman law, intentional
homicide, setting fire to a dwelling or harvested
crop, treason and parricide were all punished by
death.
Another cruel punishment method was trial by
ordeal or torture in which the accused was subjected
to difficult and painful; tests as means extorting
confessions. The belief was that an innocent person
protected by God, would emerge unharmed while guilty
person would die a painful death. For example, a
common method of determining whether a woman was a
witch was to tie her up and throw her into the
water. If she floated, she was considered as
innocent but if she sank, she is guilty. Other forms
of ordeal included the gauntlet (a double line of
people with whips, fraternity paddles, or other
weapons) and walking on fire.
Week 7
Title: Response Log
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Things to do:
2. Use the space provide below.
Week 7
Title: Poster Making
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Things to do:
1. Make a poster which visualize the early
explanations of the existence of crime.
2. You can use any drawing materials.
3. Use the space below.
References:
Week 8
Topic: Biological Explanations of Criminality
Learning Outcomes:
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1. Discuss the biological explanations of criminality

The biological explanations of criminality assume
that individuals vary in behavior because of their
biological structural differences. These structural
differences may be the result of chromosomes, genes,
chemistry, hormones or even body type. The biological
theories suppose that something is happening inside the
person and that criminals may be born not made.
Heredity and Crimes
Early biological theorists believe that
criminality was inherited trait passed on in the genes.
Although this view has long lost popularity, many modern
criminologists are still interested in the role of genetics.
The methods employed to test the proposition that
criminality was inherited are the following:
A. Family Studies
In this method, the family known to have many
criminals was compared with a family free of criminals.
Some studies were conducted to prove that children
of criminal parents are more likely to become law violators
than children of conventional parents. They are as follows:
1. The Study of Juke Family( Richard Dugdale)
The Juke family consisted of 6 girls, some of whom
were illegitimate. One of them is Ada Juke known as the
“Mother of all Criminals”. Dugdale traced 1200 descendants
for 75 years and found 280 paupers, 60 thieves, 7 murderers,
and 40 other criminals, 40 with sexual diseases, 300 infants
prematurely born, 50 prostitutes and 30 who were prosecuted
for bastardy.
2. The Study of Kallikak Family ( Henry Goddard)
Martin Kallikak was an American revolutionary war
soldier. While stationed in a small village, he met a
feeble-minded girl and had illicit relations with her. About
489 descendants from this lineage were traced which included
143 feeble-minded and 46 normal. 36 were illegitimate, 3
epileptics, 3 criminals, 8 kept brothels and 82 died in
infancy.
3. The Study of sir Jonathan Edward’s Family
Sir Jonathan Edwards was a famous preacher during the
colonial period. When his family tree was traced, none of
the descendants was found to be criminal. Rather, many
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became presidents of the United States, governors, and

members of the Supreme Court, famous writers, preachers and
teachers.
B. Twin Behavior Studies
The logic of this method is that if there is greater
similarity in behavior between identical twins than between
fraternal twins, the behavior must be due to heredity
In the 1920s, Lange studied 30 pairs of same-sex twins-
13 identical and 17 fraternal twins. He found out that one
member of each pair was known criminal. Moreover, both twins
in 10 of the 13 pairs of identical twins were criminal; 2 of
the 17 pairs of fraternal twins were both criminal. This
showed a significant relationship between the criminal
activities of identical twins and a much lower association
between those of fraternal twins.
A famous study behavior is the Minnesota study of twins
reared apart. Expert’s conclusion was that twins are alike
in personality regardless of how they are reared that
environment induces little or no personality resemblance on
twin pairs.
C. Adoption Studies
This method compared the criminal records of
adopted children who were adopted at relatively early age
with the criminal records of adopted parents. Several
studies indicate that some relationship exists between
biological parent’s behavior and the behavior of their
children.
In the most significant study, Hutchings and
Mednick found that the criminality of the biological father
was a strong predictor of the child’s criminal behavior. An
analysis of Sweddish adopted also found that genetic factors
are highly significant accounting for 59% of the variation
in their petty crime rates. Boys who had criminal parents
were significantly more likely to violate the law.
D. The XYY “ Supermale” Studies
The role of chromosomes in crime causation has
been analyzed in recent studies on human genetics, the first
well-known study of this type was undertaken by Patricia A.
Jacobs, a British researcher who examined 197. Scottish
prisoners for chromosomal abnormalities through a relatively
simple blood test known as karyotyping. 12 of the group
displayed chromosomes which were unusual and 7 were found to
have an XYY chromosomes. Normal males possess an XY
chromosomes structure while normal females are XX. Some
other unusual combinations might be XXX, wherein a female’s
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genetic makeup contains an extra X or female chromosome. The

XYY male, however, whose incidence in the prison population
was placed at around 3.5% by Jacobs, was quickly identified
as potentially violent and termed as super male.
Studies of XYY males tend to show that supermales
are:
 Taller than the average male, often standing 6’1 or

more
 Suffer from acne or skin disorders
 Less than average intelligence
 Overrepresented in prisons and mental hospitals.
 Come from families with less history of crime or mental
illness.
Week 8
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Title: Response Log’s

Things to do:
1. Write your comprehension about the lesson taught.
Week 8
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Things to do:
1. Explain the biological explanations of criminality.
2. The explanation must be exactly 100 words.
References:
Week 9
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Topic: Physiognomy, Phrenology and Physiology

Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the significance of physiognomy, phrenology
and physiology in the commission of crime.
Physiognomy
The study of facial features of a person in
relation to his criminal behavior. This is done to determine
whether the shape of the ears, nose and eyes and the
distances between them were associated with anti-social
behavior. The first to use this approach was Becarria in his
crime and punishment. It was later revived by Swiss
theologian Johann Kaspar Lavater.
Phrenology
Also known as Craniology, is the study of the
external formation of the skull indicating the conformation
of the brain and the development of its various parts in
relation to the behavior of the criminal. This associated
with the work of Franz Joseph Gall.
Physiology or Somatotype
Refers to the study of the build of a person in
relation to his temperament and personality and the type of
offense he is most prone to commit. This approach was
originated by Ernst Kretschmer and developed by William
Sheldon.
Kretschmemr studied the different body types and
presented the relationship between physique and mental
illness. He classified the boy build into three distinct
types:
Asthenic type Thin with long narrow arms,
delicate bone structure and
appearance; could also be
muscular and athletic. It
tends to be idealistic,
introverted, withdrawn and
prone to commit larceny and
fraud cases.
Pyknic type Round, fat, fleshy body;
associated with manic-
depressiveness, Persons with
this built tend to be moody,
extrovert, jolly, and
realistic. They are prone to
commit deception, fraud and
violence.
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Dysplastic type Partly asthenic and pyknic

with no identifiable mental
illness. Their common
offenses are against decency
and morality.
Sheldon defined 3 body types and their corresponding

temperaments.
Body Type Physical Temperament
Attributes
Ectomorph Tall, thin, bony, Cerebrotonic –
droopy shoulders full of
complaints,
insomniac with
chronic fatigue
and sensitive
skin. nervous and
self-conscious.
Endomorph Round, fat, short, Viscerotonic –
tapering limbs and relaxed, jolly,
small bones lazy, comfortable,
loves, luxury and
extrovert.
Mesomorph Muscular with Somotonic –
athletic built active, dynamic
walks, talks and
gestures
assertively;
behaves
aggressively;
dominant; more
prone to criminal
activity.
Week 9
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Title: Response Log
Things to do:
1. Write your comprehension about the lesson taught.
Week 9
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Date of Submission: November 6, 2020
Things to do:
1. Discuss the significance of the mentioned studies in
criminality.
2. The explanation must be exactly 100 words.
References:
Week 10
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Unit 4: Psychological and Psychiatric Explanations of

Criminality
Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the psychoanalytic theory
This theory blames criminal or delinquent behavior
to a conscience that is either so overbearing that it
arouses feelings of guilt, or so weak that it cannot control
the individual’s impulses and leads to a need for immediate
gratification.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis,
viewed criminality as a result of too much guilt feelings.
He noticed that those suffering from unbearable guilt
committed crimes in order to be apprehended and punishes.
Once they had been punished, their feelings of guilt were
relieved.
Freud attributed these feelings to man’s
personality structure: the id, ego and super-ego, as
follows:
1. Id– It is the impulsive part of the personality and

unconscious. It represents the unconscious biological
drives for sex, food and other life-sustaining
necessities. The id impulses require instant
gratification without concern for the rights of others.
Hence, they must be repressed. It operates according to
“pleasure principle”.
2. Ego – This is the objective, rational part or

personality, the reality component. Hence, it considers
sensibility and responsibility to others. The ego
compensates for the demands of the id by helping the
individual guide his actions to remain within the
boundaries of righteousness and fairness. It operates
according to “reality principle”.
3. Superego – It is the conscience of a person. It is the

moral aspect of personality. It allows a person to feel
pride, shame and guilt. Thus, it is largely responsible
for making a person follow the moral codes of society.
It helps a person weigh his thoughts and actions. Freud
believed that some people are criminal due to an
overdeveloped superego which leads to guilt, anxiety
and a desire for punishment.
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August Aichorn argued that criminality is the

rather the result of an underdeveloped superego.
Aichorn was a psychoanalyst who administered an
institution for juvenile delinquents. He observed that
many of the incarcerated youths had underdeveloped
superegos, and he attributed their criminality to
unregulated id.
Personality and Crimes
Some psychological studies have examined the

relation between personality and criminality. In the
investigation of the differences of personality between
criminals and non-criminals carried out in prisons, it
showed that inmates are typically more impulsive,
hostile, self-centered and immature than non-criminals.
In another study, psychiatrist-psychologists

concluded that criminals share abnormal thinking
patterns that lead to decisions to commit crimes. They
argued that criminals are angry people who feel a sense
of superiority, expect not to be held accountable for
their acts and have a highly inflated self-image. Any
perceived attack on their glorified self-image elicits
a strong reaction, often a violent one.
In general, studied on criminals personality

characteristics have revealed some relationships.
However, criminal and non-criminal psychology.
Personality testing has not differentiated criminals
from non-criminals.
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Week 10
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Week 10
Things to do:
1. Discuss the contribution of Sigmund Freud in the study
of psychoanalysis.
2. Write in 100 words.
References:
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Week 11
Unit 4: Psychological and Psychiatric Explanations of

Criminality
Topic: Mental Disturbances of Crime
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the link of criminal behaviour to some mental

disturbances.
Criminal behaviour is also linked to some mental

disturbances. These disturbances or disorders come in many
forms as follows:
1. Mental Deficiency - This is a condition of arrested or

incomplete development of the mind existing before the
age of 18, whether arising from inherent causes or
induced by disease or injury. Mentally deficient
persons are prone to commit malicious damage to
property and unnatural sex offenses. They may commit
violent crimes but definitely not crimes involving the
use of mentality.
Classes of Mental Deficiency
a. Idiots – persons with mental defect to a degree

that they are unable to guard themselves against
common physical dangers. Their mentality is
comparable to a 2 year old child.
b. Imbeciles – persons with a mental defect which

thought not amounting to idiocy, is yet so
pronounced that they are incapable of managing
themselves or their affairs.
c. Feeble-minded – persons with a mental defect which

thought not amounting to imbecility is yet so
pronounced that they require care, supervision and
control for their own or protection of others or
in the case of children they appear to be
permanently incapable of receiving proper benefit
from instruction in ordinary schools.
d. Morally defective – persons with strong viscous or

criminal propensities. They require care and
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supervision and control for their own or for the

protection of others.
2. Psychosis – A common category of mental disorder among

youthful offenders and habitual criminals. Psychosis
can be functional or organic. It is characterized by
infantile level of response, lack of conscience, lack
of affection to others and aggression to environment
and other people. Psychotic people lost contact with
reality and have difficulty distinguishing reality from
fantasy.
The most common types of psychosis are the

following:
a. Schizophrenia – This is manifested by delusions

or hallucinations or a clear-cut thought a
disorder. This is also known as dementia
praecox. Sometimes schizophrenics are not
logical in their thoughts, as shown by their
language. Their personal appearance is
dilapidated, and they are liable to impulsive
acts and may commit suicide.
b. Paranoia – It is a psychotic delusion

characterized by incorrect or unreasonable
ideas which can be seen as truth by people
suffering from this disorder.
3. Neurosis – This is another common type of mental

disorder linked to criminal behaviour. Neurotic are
those that do not grossly violate social norms or
represent or represent severely disorganized
personalities. Most neurotics are aware of their
problems and may not seek professional help. They do
not require hospitalization but are guilty, unhappy,
and anxious people.
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Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Title: Narration
Things to do:
1. Make a narration on how communication develop over the
years.
2. It must contain 200 words exactly.
3. Use the space provided.
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References:
Miller P and Benjamin D. (2008). Industrial Security
Management
Week 12
Unit 4: VIP Security
Topic: Security Survey and Inspection
Learning Outcomes:
1. Understand the importance of security survey
The basic instrument for determining security

vulnerability is the security survey. Most description of
security surveys refers principally to checklists, audits or
inventories of security conditions.
Security survey is defined as a critical on site

examination and analysis of an industrial plant, business, a
home or public or private institution done to ascertain the
facility’s current practices, to determine what protection
is needed and to make recommendation for improving the
overall level of security at that installation. The security
survey is great tool that should be part of any company’s
security program.
Objectives of Security Survey
1. Measuring the security that is currently in place;
2. Identifying and quantifying any weaknesses in the

current security plan;
3. Determining the degree of protection required.
After the security survey is complete, there should be
enough information to make recommendations for improving the
current security program. Conducting a security survey
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should only be performed by professionals who have extensive

training and experience in performing these surveys.
Planning a Security Survey

1. Verify the need
2. Obtain organization support
3. State the survey’s executives
4. Determine how data will be gathered
5. Develop alternatives
6. Prepare a schedule of activities.
Security Inspection
A comprehensive physical security inspection is
essential for protecting your business. A physical security
inspection is a process of checking your asset against set
criteria and the evaluation of all security systems and
access controls. These help you to prove compliance and to
uncover any potential risks for your organization.
Due to both human initiated and natural threats,
physical security is absolutely necessary for business
continuity. Some companies falsely believe they can rest
easy after installing electronic access controls to
buildings and critical rooms, or utilizing digital
audio/video systems. While these steps are beneficial,
you’re left vulnerable without a comprehensive security plan
that looks at all possible risk. Remember that you’re
protecting your people, your property, proprietary
information, as well as your brand’s image to the public.
Potential Problems in Your Security
Common issues with your security will include

inadequate lighting, both inside and outside your facility,
and ability to properly survey the perimeter of your asset.
This can be with a full-time guard or different intrusion
detection systems that support your security efforts.
Another common issue is the failure to regularly test and
update security equipment. Smoke detectors and fire
extinguishers are useless if they aren’t functioning when
you need them to.
Problems with existing procedures can often go
unnoticed when they become routine. As an example, employee
badges are great for controlling access and knowing who goes
where and when, but lenient procedures can quickly render
the process useless.
Types of Inspection
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1. Continuous Inspection
To keep pace with constant changes in the
organization, changes in our security terms of
attitude, life style and moral values, and the rapid
advancement of technological modifications are all
around us, the inspection must be an on-going and never
ending activity.
2. Formal or Informal
Hired a new security administrator or initiated a
security department and program. The formal approach to
inspection is most desirable, primary because it tells
the company how senior management feels about
protection and thus establishes the desirable climate.
Formal Inspection is one which some fanfare is
attached. It usually preceded by an announcement and
the unit under inspection prepares for events,
including some extra housekeeping activities that would
not otherwise happen at the point in time.
Informal Inspection usually the result of a long
and firmly entrenched inspection program, understood by
all and accepted as part of the organizational life.
3. Structured or Non Structured Inspection
Structured inspection is one that moves systematically
from one area to the next and so on. There is a format
or logical sequence to the process. The audit may start
with first line of defense next to second line then
third line, etc.
Unstructured is conducted in a random manner. No format
or logical sequencing.
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Title: Security Survey and Inspection
Things to do:
1. Make a structured inspection of the DCC building.
2. Apply the methods mentioned above.
3. Write your feedback on the space provided below.
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References:
Miller P and Benjamin D. (2008). Industrial Security
Management
Week 13
Topic: Definition of Emergency
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the definition of emergency and disaster
management.
Emergency planning is one of the harsh realities

that an installation will encounter is the occurrence of a
disaster or emergency.
Emergency Defined
Emergency is a sudden, generally unexpected
occurrence or set of circumstances demanding immediate
action.
Disaster Management Defined

The organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects
of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and
recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
Disaster Defined:
A sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts
the functioning of a community or society and causes human,
material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed
the community's or society's ability to cope using its own
resources.
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Crisis Defined:
The turning point of a disaster or emergency, if
not contained or controlled.
Types of Emergency
1. Earthquake
2. Typhoon
3. Tsunami
4. Volcanic Eruption
5. Fire
6. Explosion
7. Building collapse
8. Enemy Attack
Key Steps in Emergency Planning
1. Get in touch with authorities
2. Visit neighboring installation
3. Survey the installation for security hazard
4. Call an organization for meeting with key personnel
5. Establish an organization with specific task to
function immediately before, during and following a
disaster.
6. Define disaster programs
7. Establish methods for utilizing resources on hand and
obtain an information for emergency
8. Provide a recognizable means for moving from normal
operation to the emergency mode of operation.
Basic Consideration in Emergency Planning
1. Goals of emergency plan.
2. Emergency plan should be in writing
3. The plan should be precise and specific.
4. A separate plant should be prepared for each type of
disaster which has a probability of occurring.
5. Key elements of plan; what to do, who do it.
6. General and individual awareness
7. Checklist before formulating a detailed emergency plan.
Emergency Response Team
A group of people who prepare for and respond to
any emergency incident, such as a natural disaster or an
interruption of business operations. Incident response teams
are common in public service organizations as well as in
organizations. The team must consider the following:
1. Who will make the decisions and have final authority
for the team as whole.
2. Who will be the members of the team and what their
responsibilities are.
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3. What will be the missions of the team.

4. The tasks of the other agencies or individuals.
5. The training needed to prepare team members to operate
in stressful situations.
6. Contingency planning beyond that involved in normal day
to day operations against threats.
7. The unexpected – the incident will not take place as
planned.
Responding to Tactical Situation
1. Bombing – If terrorist plant bombs then you must
assumed other bombs have been planted. Remove everyone
from the scene to a safe area. Anyone near the scene
must interviewed.
2. Ambush/Attack – Always assumes the terrorist are still
in the area. The initial response force renders aids to
the victims.
3. Kidnapping – Dispatch teams to provide protection for
other possible targets, including members of the
victim’s family.
4. Hostage – The worst possible scenario you could be
confronted with is prolonged hostage situation. The
initial response force secures and isolates the
incident scene. No one must be allowed to enter or
leave.
5. Arson – Terrorist use incendiary devices to commit
arson. This is done during an organized civil
disturbances or against a specifically targeted
building. They also use incendiary devices to destroy
vehicles.
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Title: Emergency Evacuation Plan
Date of Submission: December 4, 2020
Things to do:
1. Make an emergency evacuation plan of the DCC
building.
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References:
Miller P. and Benjamin D. (2008). Industrial Security
Management
Week 14
Topic: Security Measures against Bombs and Bomb Threat
Learning Outcomes
1. Learn to respond bomb threats
Bombing and the threat of being bombed are harsh
realities in today's world. The public is becoming more
aware of those incidents of violence that are perpetrated by
vicious, nefarious segments of our society through the
illegal use of explosives. Law enforcement agencies are
charged with providing protection for life and property, but
law enforcement alone cannot be held responsible. Every
citizen must do his or her part to ensure a safe
environment.
If there is one point that cannot be
overemphasized, it is the value of being prepared. Do not
allow a bomb incident to catch you by surprise. By
developing a bomb incident plan and considering possible
bomb incidents in your physical security plan, you can
reduce the potential for personal injury and property
damage.
Bombs
Bombs can be constructed to look like almost anything

and can be placed or delivered in any number of ways. The
probability of finding a bomb that looks like the
stereotypical bomb is almost non-existent. The only common
denominator that exists among bombs is that they are
designed or intended to explode.
Most bombs are homemade and are limited in their design

only by the imagination of, and resources available to, the
bomber. Remember, when searching for a bomb, suspect
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anything that looks unusual. Let the trained bomb technician

determine what is or is not a bomb.
Bomb Threats
Bomb threats are delivered in a variety of ways. The

majority of threats are called in to the target.
Occasionally these calls are through a third party.
Sometimes a threat is communicated in writing or by a
recording.
Two logical explanations for reporting a bomb threat are:
1. The caller has definite knowledge or believes that

an explosive or incendiary bomb has been or will
be placed and he/she wants to minimize personal
injury or property damage. The caller may be the
person who placed the device or someone who has
become aware of such information.
2. The caller wants to create an atmosphere of

anxiety and panic which will, in turn, result in a
disruption of the normal activities at the
facility where the device is purportedly placed.
Whatever the reason for the report, there will

certainly be a reaction to it. Through proper planning, the
wide variety of potentially uncontrollable reactions can be
greatly reduced.
Why Prepare?
If you accept the two aforementioned explanations for

reporting that a bomb is about to go off, you can better
prepare to foil the bomber or threat maker.
Through proper preparation, you can reduce the

accessibility of your business or building and identify
those areas that can be "hardened" against the potential
bomber. This will limit the amount of time lost to
searching, if you determine a search is necessary. If a bomb
incident occurs, proper planning will instill confidence in
the leadership, reinforce the notion that those in charge do
care; and reduce the potential for personal injury and
property loss.
Proper planning can also reduce the threat of panic,

the most contagious of all human emotions. Panic is sudden,
excessive, unreasoning, infectious terror. Once a state of
panic has been reached, the potential for injury and
property damage is greatly increased. In the context of a
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bomb threat, panic is the ultimate achievement of the

caller.
Be prepared! There is no excuse for not taking every

step necessary to meet the threat.
Responding to Bomb Threats
Instruct all personnel, especially those at the

telephone switchboard, in what to do if a bomb threat call
is received.It is always desirable that more than one person
listen in on the call.
A calm response to the bomb threat caller could result

in obtaining additional information. This is especially true
if the caller wishes to avoid injuries or deaths. If told
that the building is occupied or cannot be evacuated in
time, the bomber may be willing to give more specific
information on the bomb's location, components, or method of
initiation.
The bomb threat caller is the best source of information

about the bomb. When a bomb threat is called in:
- Keep the caller on the line as long as possible. Ask

him/her to repeat the message. Record every word spoken
by the person.
- If the caller does not indicate the location of the

bomb or the time of possible detonation, ask him/her
for this information.
- Inform the caller that the building is occupied and

the detonation of a bomb could result in death or
serious injury to many innocent people.
- Pay particular attention to background noises, such

as motors running, music playing, and any other noise
which may give a clue as to the location of the caller.
- Listen closely to the voice (male, female), voice

quality (calm, excited), accents, and speech
impediments. Immediately after the caller hangs up,
report the threat to the person designated by
management to receive such information.
- Report the information immediately to the police

department, fire department, ATF, FBI, and other
appropriate agencies. The sequence of notification
should be established in the bomb incident plan.
- Remain available, as law enforcement personnel will

want to interview you.
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When a written threat is received, save all materials,

including any envelope or container. Once the message is
recognized as a bomb threat, further unnecessary handling
should be avoided. Every possible effort must be made to
retain evidence such as fingerprints, handwriting or
typewriting, paper, and postal marks. These will prove
essential in tracing the threat and identifying the writer.
While written messages are usually associated with

generalized threats and extortion attempts, a written
warning of a specific device may occasionally be received.
It should never be ignored.
Decision Time
The most serious of all decisions to be made by

management in the event of a bomb threat is whether to
evacuate the building. In many cases, this decision may have
already been made during the development of the bomb
incident plan. Management may pronounce a carte blanche
policy that, in the event of a bomb threat, total evacuation
will be effective immediately. This decision circumvents the
calculated risk and demonstrates a deep concern for the
safety of personnel in the building. However, such a
decision can result in costly loss of time.
Essentially, there are three alternatives when faced with a

bomb threat:
1. Ignore the threat.
2. Evacuate immediately.
3. Search and evacuate warranted.
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
1. Write the things you understand.
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Title: Situational Analysis
Things to do:
Question. What will you do if you received a bomb threat?
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References:
Management
Week 15
Topic: Security Investigation

Learning Outcomes:
1. Appreciate the importance of security investigation
Security Investigation is planned and organized
determination of facts concerning specific focus loss or
damage of assets due to threats, hazards or unsecured
conditions.
Elements of Investigation
1. Investigator
2. Purpose
3. Subject of Investigator
Tools of Investigation
1. Information - the knowledge which the investigator
gathered and acquired from persons, records and “modus
operandi file”. Information is important in
investigation because it answers the question, WHO DID
IT? The ability to secure information is considered the
chief asset of an investigator.
2. Interview - the questioning of persons suspected of
having direct or indirect involvement in the crime
being
investigated.
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INTERROGATION - this is the process of questioning

witnesses and suspects to obtain further information.
The effectiveness of interrogation depends with the
craft, logic and psychological insight with information
relevant to the case. Interrogation used to describe
the vigorous questioning of one who is reluctant to
divulge information.
3. Instrumentation - the application of instruments and
methods of police sciences to the detection of crime.
It is the application of physics, chemistry and biology
in crime detection,---otherwise known as
Criminalistics.
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING OFFENDERS

1. CONFESSION- is an expressed acknowledgement by the
accused, in a criminal case, of the truth of his guilt
as to the crime charged. There is no implied
confession, for it is a positive and direct
acknowledgement of guilt. Confession is the best means
of identifying a criminal or an offender.
2. EYE-WITNESS TESTIMONY- is the statement of the person
whom the investigator believes to have direct knowledge
of what possibly transpire--- before, during, and after
the commission of an offense. This may include an
intelligently conducted “LINE-UP”, to eliminate the
process of suggestion, as one of the factor during
identification.
3. CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE- is an identification which is
established indirectly, by proving other facts or
circumstances from which, either alone or in connection
with other facts,--- the identity of the perpetrator
can be inferred or reasonably concluded. Circumstantial
evidence must be established in a series, consistent,
and coherent manner.
4. ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE- these are the physical evidences
which may identify the criminal by means of clues,
hints, and personal properties. The offender may leave
some clues at the scene of the crime, such as weapon,
tools, garment, fingerprint, foot impression, and
others. Crime of violence may leave evidence of
struggle.
STANDARD PROCEDURE OF RECORDING INVESTIGATIVE DATA

1. Photography
2. Sketching
3. Written notes
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4. Developing and lifting fingerprints

5. Gathering physical evidence
6. Plaster cast
7. Tape recording of sound
8. Video tape
9. Written statement of subjects and witnesses
Difficulties in the Investigation

1. Absence of eyewitness
2. Motives Unknown
3. Lack of Physical Evidence
Qualities of an Effective Investigation

1. Objective – all facts are discusses as perceived
without any distortion and the manner of presentation
is free from unwarranted opinion.
2. Thorough – full detail, exhaust all available means,
factual to arrive in a sound and convincing conclusion.
3. Relevant – significant and demonstrated its relation
to one another.
4. Current – Terminology is generally accepted.
Guidelines in Investigation
1. Preliminary Investigation
2. Investigation Proper
a. Photograph crime scene
b. Search crime scene
c. Crime scene sketch
d. Care of evidence
3. Methods of Investigation
a. Information
b. Interrogation
c. Interview
d. Instrumentation
Investigation Report
1. Purpose
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a. Record – Provides a permanent official record of the

investigation
b. Leads – Provides investigators with information
necessary to further advance the investigation
c. Prosecutive Action - The report is a statement of
facts on which designated authorities may base a
criminal, corrective or disciplinary action.
2. Nature and Qualities
3. Parts of the Report
a. admin data
b. synopsis
c. details
d. conclusions
e. enclosures
4. Format of Report
i. Authority
ii. Matters Investigated
iii. Facts of the case
iv. Discussion
v. Conclusion
vi. Recommendation
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Title: Investigation Report Writing
Things to do:
1. Make an investigation report
2. Follow the format mentioned above
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References:
Management
Week 16
Topic: RA 5487
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the amendments of R.A 5487

Scope. The organization, operation, business and activities
of private watchman/security or detective agencies, security
training institutions/systems as well as private security
and training personnel shall be governed by these Rules and
Regulations implementing Republic Act 5487, as amended.
License Necessary.
a. No person shall engage in the business of or act as a
private detective agency or engage in the occupation,
calling or employment of security personnel or in the
business of private security/training agency without first
having obtained the permit from the Chief of the Philippine
National Police which permit as approved is prerequisite in
obtaining a license certificate.
b. License is likewise necessary for any person operating,
managing, directing or conducting a licensed private
security/detective/training agency. Any person having any
participation in the management or operation thereof except
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those employed solely for clerical or manual work, shall

also secure a license.
Training Required
All applicants for license certificate shall have
received the appropriate training from any public or private
training institution/system duly recognized by the
government to conduct private security or police training.
Prohibitions
No License certificate shall be granted to any
applicant for license to operate or license to exercise
security profession with the following disqualifications:
a. having previous record of any conviction of any crime;
b. having previous record of any conviction of any offense
involving moral turpitude;
c. having been dishonorably discharged or separated from
employment or service;
d. being a mental incompetent;
e. being a user/addicted to the use of prohibited drugs or
narcotics;
f. being a habitual drunkard; and
g. dummy of a foreigner
RULE II PENAL PROVISION

Without prejudice to the imposition of criminal
sanctions, any violation of Republic Act 5487, as amended or
its rule or regulation, by license grantees likewise
pursuant thereof, shall be punished by suspension, or fine,
or cancellation of his or its license to operate, conduct,
direct or manage a private detective, watchman or security
guard agency and all its members, or penalized pursuant to
provisions herein under, and/or with the forfeiture of its
bond filed with the Philippine National Police, at the
discretion of the Chief. PNP.
SECTION 2.
a. Any person not covered by Section 1, Rule II above who
commits any act in violation of Republic Act 5487 as amended
and its implementing rules and regulations shall, on
conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment of from ten to
fifteen years, and a fine of not less than ten thousand
pesos nor more than fifteen thousand pesos as the Court may
direct.
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b. If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned

in Section 3b, Rule IV herein under, the penalty shall be
imprisonment ranging from one to four years and a fine
ranging from one to four thousand pesos at the discretion of
the Court.
SECTION 3
Expired License. For purposes of enforcing sanctions, any
private security, watchman or company guard force agency or
private security or training personnel upon expiration of
their respective license to operate or license to exercise
security profession are considered as not possessing license
and shall be held criminally and administratively liable.
RULE III
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SECTION 1
Definition – For purposes of and when used in these rules
and regulations, the following terms shall be construed in
the sense indicated herein unless the context of a
particular section clearly indicates that a different sense
is intended: a. Person – shall include not only natural but
also juridical persons such as single proprietorships,
partnerships, corporations, companies or associations, duly
organized and registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and/or the Department of Trade and Industry.
b. Private Security Services – shall include the act of
providing or rendering services to watch an establishment
whether public or private, building, compound/area or
property, to conduct access control/denial in any form
whether physically, manually or scientifically by electronic
monitoring systems, for the purpose of securing such
area/property and at the same time ensuring safety and
protection of persons within such areas, to maintain peace
and order within such areas, to conduct private security
training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also
include the act of contracting, recruiting, training,
furnishing or posting any security guard, to do its
functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or
private, public or government-owned or controlled
corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its
security guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru
subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or
public corporation.
c. Private Detective Services – shall include among others
the act of providing personal security protection, inquiry
and information gathering, pre-employment verification and
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individual background profiling, providing assistance in

civil liability and personal injury cases, insurance claims
and fraud, child custody and protection cases, for the
purpose of assisting in gathering information leading to
determination and/or prevention of criminal acts and/or
resolution of legal, financial and personal problems.
d. Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the
legitimate business of providing private security and
detective services.
e. Private Security Guard (SG) – sometimes called private
security guard or watchman shall include any person who
offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either
a residence, business establishment, or buildings,
compounds, areas, or property, inspects/monitors bodily
checks/searches individuals and/or baggage and other forms
of security inspection, physically/manually or
scientifically electronic, including but not limited to,
logging concessions and agricultural, mining or pasture
lands, transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an
employee thereof, including any employee of the national or
local governments or agencies or instrumentality’s thereof
and or government owned or controlled firm or corporations
who is employed to watch or secure government buildings,
compounds, premises and other properties, other than members
of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the Bureau
of Jail management and Penology, Municipal or City jail
guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of
any other law enforcement agency of the Government.
f. Private Detective (PD) – shall mean any person who does
detective work for hire, reward or commission, other than
members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, municipal or
city jail guards, and members of the Philippine National
Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the
government.
g. Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons
which include private security guards, private detectives,
security consultants, security officers and others that may
be classified later, rendering/performing security and/or
detective services as employed by private security agencies
and/or private firms.
h. Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons
which include government security guards, detectives,
security consultants, security officers and others that may
be classified later, except those of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology, Municipal or City Jail guards
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rendering/performing security and/or detective services as

employed by government entities.
i. Private Security Agency (PSA) – shall mean any person
association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who
contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any security
guard, to perform its functions or solicit individuals,
businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or
controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those
of his/its security guards, for hire, commission or
compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to
any private or public corporation whose business or
transactions involve national security or interest like the
operation and/or management of domestic or ocean vessels,
airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports heliports,
landing strips etc., or as consultant on any security
related matter, or to provide highly specialized security,
detective and investigation services like gangway security,
catering security, passenger profiling, baggage examination,
providing security on board vessels or aircraft, or other
security needs that PNP SAGSD may approve.
j. Private Detective Agency (PDA) – shall mean any person
association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who
contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any private
detective, to perform its functions or solicit individuals,
businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or
controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those
of his/its detectives, for hire, commission or compensation
thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private
or public corporation or as consultant on any detective
related matter, or to provide highly specialized detective
and investigation services, or other detective needs that
SAGSDCSG may approve.
k. License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document
issued by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly
authorized representative recognizing a person to be
qualified to perform his duties as private security or
training personnel.
l. License to Operate (LTO) – is a License Certificate
document, issued by the Chief, Philippine National Police or
his duly authorized representative, authorizing a person to
engage in employing security guard or detective, or a
juridical person to establish, engage, direct, manage or
operate an individual or a private detective agency or
private security agency/company security force after payment
of the prescribed dues or fees as provided in these Rules
and Regulations.
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m. Company Guard Force (CGF) – a security force maintained

and operated by any private company/corporation utilizing
any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its business
establishment premises, compound or properties.
n. Government Guard Unit (GGU) – a security unit maintained
and operated by any government entity other than military or
police, which is established and maintained for the purpose
of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such
government entity.
o. PNP as used herein shall mean the Philippine National
Police, which was organized pursuant to the provision of RA
6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991.
p. SAGSD as used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil
Security Group Security Agency and Guard Supervision
Division or any other PNP Office that may be designated
later as the primary office for supervision of the
implementation of these rules and regulations
q. PADPAO refers to the Philippines Association of Detective
and Protective Agency Operators, Inc., which is an
association of all licensed security agencies and company
security forces.
r. Duty Detail Order is a written order/schedule issued by a
superior officer usually the private security agency/branch
manager or operations officer assigning the performance of
private security/detective services duties.
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Things to do:
1. Answer the questions provided.
2. Each must explained with 50 words exactly.
Questions:
1. What is RA 5487 all about?
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2. What is the function of PADPAO?
References:
Management
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Week 17
Topic: License to Operate
Learning Outcomes:
1. Discuss the needed requirements and qualification to
operate a private security agency.
SECTION 1. Who may organize and maintain a Private Security
Agency and Private Detective Agency.
Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association,
partnership, one hundred percent (100%) of which is owned
and controlled by Filipino citizens, may organize and
maintain a Private Security Agency or Private Detective
Agency.
SECTION 2. Basic requirement of an operator or manager of
agency
The operator or manager of an agency including, managers of

branch offices, must be:
1. Filipino citizen;
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2. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age;

3. College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in the
inactive service or retired from the Armed Forces of the
Philippines or the Philippine National police;
4. Has taken a course/seminar on industrial Security
Management and/or must have adequate training or experience
in security business; and
5. Good moral character b. New applicants for license to
operate shall be required to obtain a minimum capitalization
of one million pesos (P1, 000,000.00) with a minimum bank
deposit of five hundred thousand (P500, 000.00) pesos in
order to start its business operation.
SECTION 3. Limitations, Disqualifications and Prohibitions.
a. No person shall organize or have an interest in more than
one agency.
b. Elective or appointive government employees who may be
called upon on account of the functions of their respective
offices in the implementation and enforcement of the
provisions of Republic Act 5487 as amended and its
implementing rules and regulations, and any person related
to such government employee by affinity or consanguinity in
the third civil degree, shall not hold an interest, directly
or indirectly, in any security or watchman agency.
c. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in
gambling dens or other illegal business establishments or
enterprises.
d. The extent of the security guard service being furnished
by the security agency shall not go beyond the compound
and/or property of the person or establishment contracting
the security service except when the security guards is
escorting big amount of money or valuables.
e. Main/branch offices. - All agencies shall maintain a main
office in their registered addresses. Branch offices may be
established and maintained in other provinces/ cities where
the security agency has deployed security guards.
f. Authority to operate outside principal offices. The
following measures are promulgated to promote the healthy
growth of the private security industry in general, as well
as to minimize proliferation of marginal agencies in
particular.
1. No new or moribund but previously licensed private
security agency shall be granted license to operate unless
its business viability is supported by evidence of assured
clientele, adequate capitalization and the like.
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2. Private Security Agency operating at regions outside its

main office shall be required to register with the nearest
Police Provincial Office and shall submit an authenticated
machine copy of the following documents:
a) License to Operate;
b) License of the FA’s to be issued;
c) List of the officers and security guards;
d) Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment Manager (if any);
g. All applicants for license to operate shall, in addition
to the requirements imposed pursuant to RA 5487 as amended
and these rules and regulations, be required to attend a
private security agency/company guard force operators’ and
management seminar/workshop.
h. Prohibition on “KABIT SYSTEM” operators.
1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote and
enter into an agreement of “merger” (kabit system) with any
person or a group of persons for the purpose of organizing a
branch unit or subsidiary under separate control and
ownership. Merger of security and detective agencies shall
not be recognized without prior approval from the Securities
and Exchange Commission with respect to their Articles of
Incorporation and the Department of Trade and Industry, with
regards their business name.
2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination
thereof shall be considered prima-facie evidence of the
existence of “Kabit System.”
a) Maintaining a separate branch, unit or subsidiary office
aside from the main office of the agency situated within the
same locality;
b) Receiving direct payments from the agency’s clientele and
issuing officials receipt of their own distinct from that
issued by the agency concerned;
c) Remitting directly Social Security System premiums,
Medicare contributions and other premium for other policy
insurance benefits by the aforementioned branch, unit or
subsidiary office;
d) Existence of an agreement between the licensee and a
branch manager thereof, whereby the latter obligates himself
to pay a certain percentage of his income to the former on
the condition that the control and supervision of the guards
posted by said branch shall course on the manager thereof
and that the licensee shall be exempt from liabilities/
obligations attendant to the operation of said branch.
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e) Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the branch

employees signed and/or approved by the branch manager only;
f) Absence of record of monthly income remittances to the
main office when said branch is authorized to make
collections from the clients of the licensee; and
g) All other similar acts tending to show separate and
distinct relationship/ personality/ ownership/ management.
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
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Things to do:
2. Must contain 50 words exactly per item.
Questions:
1. Who has the authority to issue license to private
security agency?
2. What is meant by KABIT SYSTEM?
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References:
Miller P. and Benjamin D. (2008) Industrial security
Management
Week 18
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Topic: License to Exercise Private Security Profession

Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the needed requirement to exercise private
security profession
LICENSE TO EXERCISE PRIVATE SECURITY PROFESSION
SECTION 1. Who may apply for a License to Exercise Private

Security Profession?
Any Filipino citizen may apply for License to Exercise

Private Security Profession to engage in the occupation,
calling or employment either as a Private Security Guard,
Private Security Officer, Private Detective and/or Private
Security Consultant, after complying with both
academic/scholastic and skills/training requirements subject
to other requirements prescribed herein-under provisions.
Section 2. Basic Requirements of Private Security Personnel
a. Filipino citizen;
b. Not be less than eighteen (18) years of age;
c. Must have taken a private security course/seminar
and/or must have adequate training or experience
in security business or rendering
security/detective services;
d. Of good moral character and must not have been
convicted of any crime or violation of these rules
and regulations carrying a penalty of prohibition
to be licensed; and
e. Must be physically and mentally fit.
SECTION 3. Qualifications a Private Security Guard
No person shall be licensed as security guard unless he

possesses the following qualifications:
b. High school graduate;
c. Physically and mentally fit;
d. Not less than eighteen (18) years of age nor more than
fifty (50) years of age (for new applicants and SGs in
nonsupervisory position); and
e. Has undergone a pre-licensing training course or its
equivalent.
SECTION 4. Qualifications for Security Officer.
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No person shall be licensed as Security Officer unless he

has the following qualifications:
b. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;
c. Physically and mentally fit; and
d. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or
its equivalent.
SECTION 5. Qualifications of Security Consultants.
No person shall be licensed as a Security Consultant unless

he possesses the following qualifications:
b. Physically and mentally fit;
c. Holder of a Masters degree in either Criminology, Public
Administration, MNSA, Industrial Security Administration, or
Law;
d. Must have at least ten (10) years’ experience in the
operation and management of security business.
SECTION 6. Qualifications of a private detective
No person shall be licensed as a private detective unless

possesses the following qualifications:
b. Physical and mentally fit;
c. Holder of a baccalaureate degree preferably Bachelor of
laws or Bachelor of Science in Criminology;
d. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by
the Philippine National Police or the National Bureau of
Investigation or any police training school, or a detective
training in any authorized/recognized training center;
e. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent.
SECTION 7. Exemptions from Basic Pre-Licensing Training.
a. Veterans and retired military/police personnel or those

honorably discharged military/police personnel possessing
all the qualifications mentioned in the preceding Section
shall be exempted from pre-licensing training/seminar and
academic/scholastic attainment which is a requirement for
the initial issuance of License to exercise private security
profession but shall not however be exempted from taking the
refresher training courses or its equivalent.
b. Likewise, graduates of ROTC advance/CHDF (or its

equivalent in the PNP) Training graduates shall be exempted
from the required Basic-licensing Training/Seminar.
SECTION 8. Processing SOP
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INC.
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
License to exercise profession processing, standards

and documentary requirements shall be prescribed in a
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) issued by the Director,
CSG.
SECTION 9. Types of License
a. Temporary License – initial and conditional issuance

while awaiting issuance of regular license identification
cards or in the interim for purposes not covered by Rule V.
b. Regular License – generated Private Security Personnel
License Card, duration or validity of which shall be for two
(2) years.
SECTION 10. Government Security Personnel
No person shall be licensed as Government Security Personnel

unless he possesses the qualifications as prescribed in
Section 3, 4, 5 of this rule, provided he submits an
appointment order coming from the Civil Service Commission.
Title: Response Log
Things to do:
94
INC.
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
Title: Interview
Things to do:
1. Interview one security guard of DCC about his
experience in applying as security guard.
2. Check if the qualification mentioned above matched to
his/her qualification.
3. Let him/her sign in your worksheet as proof of the
interview.
4. Write your thoughts you learned from the interview.
95
INC.
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
96
INC.
Landline No. (082) 291 1882
References:
Management
Appendices:
Features 50 35 15 5
Excellent Very Good Good Not Good
Quality Written in Written in Give some Gives no
of a very somewhat little information
Writing informative informative information and very
way and and but poorly poorly
well organized. organized. organized.
organized.
Grammar Virtually Few and A number of So many
and no spelling spelling, spelling,
Usage spelling, errors and punctuation punctuation
punctuation grammatical or and
and errors. grammatical grammatical
grammatical errors. errors that
errors. it
interferes
meaning.
97

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DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE,

Course Name: CRIM 1 Introduction to Criminology

Pre-requisite: LEA 2 Comparative Models in Policing

Week 1 Requirements: Differentiation

Week 2 Requirements: Timeline Organizer

Week 3 Requirements: Floor Plan

Week 4 Requirements: Alarm System Floor Plan

Week 6 Requirements: Essay Writing

Week 7 Requirements: Background Investigation

Week 8 Requirements: Essay Writing

Week 9 Requirements: Hazard Security Layout

Week 10 Requirements: VIP Security Plan

Week 11 Requirements: Narration

Week 12 Requirements: Security Survey and Inspection

Week 13 Requirements: Poster Making

Week 14 Requirements: Situational Analysis

Week 15 Requirements: Investigation Report Writing

Week 16 Requirements: Essay Writing

Week 17 Requirements: Essay Writing

Week 18 Requirements: Interview

Concept Digest (Discussion)

Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals

Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as

Criminology is the science which studies crime forms of

In its broadest meaning, Criminology is the body of

In a narrower sense, Criminology is the scientific

Principal Division of Criminology (Tradio, 1999)

1. Criminal Etiology – An attempt at scientific analysis

2. Sociology of Law – An attempt at scientific analysis of

3. Penology – Concerned with the rehabilitation and

Three Components of Criminology (Clarence Ray)

Goals of Studying Criminology

1. To describe criminal behavior

Various Studies and Sciences and Related to Criminology

Agencies and Sectors Associate to Criminology

1. legislative bodies and lawmakers

Generally, criminology cannot be considered a science

1. An Applied Science. Criminologist investigate crimes in

Applied Science focuses on the practical application

natural sciences such as anthropology, psychology and

2. Social Science. Refers to the intellectual and academic

3. Dynamic. Criminology changes as social condition

4. Interdisciplinary. Many disciplines are involved in the

5. Nationalistic. The study of crimes must be in a

1. Define Criminology based on the discussion.

2. Is criminology a science? Justify your answer.

Concept Digest (Discussion)

Study Of Criminology Covers The Following Scope:

1. Study of the origin and development of criminal or

2. Study of the causes of crimes and development of

3. Study of different factors that enhance the development

a. Criminal Demography – Study of the relationship

b. Criminal Epidemiology - Study of criminality in

c. Criminal Ecology - Study of the relationship

d. Criminal Physical Anthropology – Study of the

e. Criminal Psychology – Study of human mind and

f. Criminal Psychiatry – Study of mental and

g. Victimology – Study of the role of victim in

4. Study of various measures and methods accepted by

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