AXIS EDUCATION INTEGRATION IN-6 (Kinematics)

Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Subject: Further Pure Maths
1. A particle 𝑃 moves in a straight line such that, at time t seconds, its displacement, 𝑠 metres, from a fixed point 𝑂 of
the line is given by s  t 3  7t 2  10t , t  0
(a) Find the values of t (𝑡 > 0) at which 𝑃 passes through 𝑂. (b) Find the speed of 𝑃 each time it passes through 𝑂.
(c) Find the greatest speed of 𝑃 in the interval 0  t  5 .
2. A particle 𝑃 is moving in a straight line. Initially 𝑃 is at rest at a fixed point 𝑂 of the line. The acceleration 𝑎 m/s2 of
the particle 𝑡 seconds after leaving 𝑂 is given by 𝑎 = 3𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 12.
(a) Find an expression for the velocity of 𝑃 at time 𝑡 seconds. (b) Find the values of 𝑡 when 𝑃 is again at rest
(c) Sketch, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5, the velocity – time graph for 𝑃
(d) Find the distance travelled by 𝑃 in the first 3 seconds of the motion.
(e) Find the total distance travelled by 𝑃 in the first 4 seconds of the motion.
3. A particle 𝑃 passes through a fixed point 𝑂 at time 𝑡= 0 and moves in a straight line. At time 𝑡 seconds after passing
through 𝑂, the velocity, 𝑣 m/s, of 𝑃 is given by 𝑣 = 2𝑡 2 + 𝑘𝑡 + 5, 𝑡 ≥ 0, where 𝑘 is a constant
(a) Given that at time 𝑡= 4, the acceleration of 𝑃 is 5 m/s2, show that 𝑘= -11.
(b) Find the values of 𝑡 for which 𝑣= 0. (c) Find the value of 𝑡 for which the acceleration of 𝑃 is zero.
(d) Sketch, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 6, the velocity – time graph of 𝑃
1
(e) Calculate, in m to 3 significant figures, the distance of 𝑃 from 𝑂 at time 𝑡 = 2
1
(f) Deduce the average speed, in m/s to 3 significant figures, of 𝑃 in the interval 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
4. A particle 𝑃 starts from the rest at the point 𝑂 and moves along a line 𝑂𝑥. At time 𝑡 seconds after leaving 𝑂 the
speed, 𝑣 m/s, of 𝑃 is given by 𝑣 = 𝑚𝑡 2 (𝑛 − 𝑡), where 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑛 and n are constants. Given that 𝑣= 56, when 𝑡= 2
and that 𝑃 comes to rest at the point 𝐴 when 𝑡 = 9,
(a) Find the value of 𝑛 and hence show that 𝑚= 2
(b) Calculate the greatest value of 𝑣 and the value of 𝑡 when this occurs.
(c) Find the initial acceleration, in m/s2, of 𝑃 (d) Sketch the graph of 𝑣 against 𝑡
(e) Find the distance 𝑂𝐴, in m
5. A particle 𝑃, moving in a straight line, passes through a fixed point 𝑂 at time 𝑡= 0. At time 𝑡 seconds after passing
through 𝑂, the velocity, 𝑣 m/s, of 𝑃 is given by 𝑣 = 𝑡 3 − 10𝑡 2 + 𝑘𝑡, 𝑡 ≥ 0 where 𝑘 is a constant.
(a) Find an expression, in terms of 𝑡 and 𝑘, for the acceleration of 𝑃
Given that the acceleration is zero when 𝑡= 5
(b) Show that 𝑘= 25 (c) Find the maximum and minimum values of 𝑣, distinguishing between them
(d) Sketch the velocity – time graph for 𝑃 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 6
At time 𝑡=5, 𝑃 is the point 𝐴 (e) Find, in metres, the distance 𝑂𝐴
(f) Use your answer (e) to find the average speed, in m/s, of 𝑃 in the interval 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5
6. A small stone is falling vertically through water. After time 𝑡 seconds (𝑡 ≥ 0), the stone has fallen a distance of 𝑠
metres and has speed 𝑣 m/s, given by 𝑣 = 20(1 − 𝐴𝑒 −0.5𝑡 ), where 𝐴 is constant. Given that the initial speed of the
stone is 2 m/s
(a) Show that 𝐴= 0.9, hence (b) Find the value of 𝑡, to 2 significant figures, when 𝑣= 10
(c) Sketch the graph of 𝑣 against 𝑡, stating the equation of the asymptote to the curve.
(d) Find an equation for 𝑠 in terms of 𝑡
1
Given also that after time 𝑡 seconds, the acceleration of the stone is 𝑎 m/s2 (e) Show that 𝑎 = 10 − 2 𝑣
7. f (𝑡) ≡ 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡
(a) Find f’(𝑡)
1 1
(b) Using your answer to (a), or otherwise, show that ∫ f (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = − 4 𝑒 −2𝑡 − 2 𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a constant.
(c) Find the stationary value of f (𝑡) to 3 significant figures and determine whether this value is a maximum or a
minimum.
A particle 𝑃 moves on horizontal axis 𝑂𝑥. After time 𝑡 seconds (𝑡 ≥ 0), the velocity, 𝑣 m/s, of 𝑃 is given by 𝑣= f (𝑡).
When 𝑡= 0, 𝑃 is at 𝑂
(d) Find the distance, in m to 3 significant figures, travelled by 𝑃 between the instant when 𝑡= 0 and the instant when
𝑡= 1
8. A particle 𝑃, is moving in a straight line, passes through a fixed point 𝑂 at time 𝑡= 0. At time 𝑡 seconds (𝑡 ≥ 0)
after passing through 𝑂, the velocity of 𝑃 is 𝑣 m/s and its acceleration is 𝑎 m/s2.
Given that 𝑣 = 𝑘 sin 4𝑡, where 𝑘 is a positive constant, and that 𝑎2 = 16(9- 𝑣 2 ),
(a) Show that 𝑘= 3 (b) Find all values of 𝑡, in the interval 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝜋, for which the acceleration is zero.
(c) Sketch the velocity – time graph for the motion of 𝑃 over the interval 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝜋
𝜋
At time 𝑡 = , the particle is at the point 𝐴. Using the value 𝑘= 3, (d) Calculate the distance 𝑂𝐴, in metres
4
9. A particle 𝑃 is moving in a straight line 𝑂𝑥. At time 𝑡 seconds the acceleration of 𝑃 is 𝑎 m/s2 and the velocity 𝑣 m/s
of 𝑃 is given by 𝑣 = 2 + 8 sin(𝑘𝑡), where 𝑘 is a constant. Initially 𝑃 is at 𝑂 and the initial acceleration of 𝑃 is 4 m/s2
(a) Find the value of 𝑘
Using the value of 𝑘 found in (a)
(b) Find, in terms of 𝜋, the values of 𝑡 in the range 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 4𝜋, for which 𝑎= 0 (c) Show that 4𝑎2 = 64 − (𝑣 − 2)2
Given also that 𝑃 is at the point 𝐴 when 𝑡= 𝜋, calculate
(d) the distance 𝑂𝐴, in m, giving your answer in terms of 𝜋
(e) the average speed of 𝑃, in m/s to 2 significant figures in the interval 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝜋
10. A particle 𝑃 is moving in a straight line which passes through a fixed point 𝑂. At time 𝑡 seconds, 𝑡 ≥ 0, after
passing through 𝑂 the velocity, v m/s of 𝑃 is 𝑣 = 𝑘 cos 2𝑡, where 𝑘 is a positive constant. The displacement of 𝑃 from
𝑂 at time 𝑡 seconds is 𝑥 metres and the acceleration of 𝑃 is 𝑎 m/s2
(a) Show that 𝑎 = −4𝑥
Given that the maximum speed of the particle is 3 m/s (b) Find the value of 𝑘, Hence
(c) Find the maximum value of 𝑥 and the first time at which 𝑥 takes this maximum value
(d) Show that 𝑣 2 = (9 − 4𝑥 2 )
(e) Calculate, in meters to 3 significant figures, the total distance travelled by 𝑃 in the first second of the motion.
11. A particle P moves along the x-axis. At time t seconds (t  0), the displacement of P from the origin is x meters
and the velocity, vm/s, of P is given by v  2t 2 16t  30
a) Find the times at which P is instantaneously at rest.
b) Find the acceleration of P at each of these times.
When t=0, P is at the point where x = -4
c) Find the distance of P from the origin when P first comes to instantaneous rest.
12. A particle p moves along the positive x-axis. At time t seconds (t  0) the velocity vm/s, of P is given by
v  t 3  4t 2  5t  1 . The acceleration of P at time t second is am/s2
a) Find an expression for a in terms of t.
b) Find the values of t for which the magnitude of the acceleration of P is instantaneously zero.
When t=0, the displacement of P from the origin is 3m.
c) Find the displacement of P from the origin when t=2
13. A particle P is moving along the positive x-axis. At time t seconds (t  0), the acceleration am/s2 of P is given by
a  6  4t
When t=0, P is at rest and the displacement of P from the origin O is 5 meters.
At time t seconds, the velocity of P is vm/s and the displacement of P from O is s meters.
a) Find, in terms of t, an expression for (i) v (ii) s
For t>0, P comes to instantaneous rest at the point A.
Find, (i) The value of t when P reaches A, (ii) The distance OA.
14. A particle P moving along a straight line which passes through the point 0, At time t=0 the particle P is at the
point0.
At time t second the velocity, vm/s, of P is given by v  3t 2  2t  5
a) Find the acceleration of P when t=2
b) Find the displacement of from 0 when t=3
15. A particle P moves in a straight line so that, at time t second its velocity, vm/s is given by v  3t 2  4t  7
Find
a) The acceleration of P at time t=2
b) The minimum speed of P.
When t=0, P is at the point A and has velocity Vm/s.
c) Write down the value of V.
When P reaches the point B, the velocity of P is also V m/s
d) Find the distance AB.
16. A particle P moves along the x-axis so that at time t seconds t  0, the velocity of P, v m/s,
is given by v  5cos 2t
a) Find the value of t when P first comes to instantaneous rest.
b) Find the magnitude of the maximum acceleration of P.
When t  0 , P is at the point A, when OA  0.2m.
When P first comes to instantaneous rest, P is at the point B.
c) Find the distance OB.
17. A particle P moves along the x-axis. At time t seconds (t  0), the displacement of P from the origin is x meters
and the velocity, v m/s, of P is given by v  2t 2 16t  30
a) Find the times at which P is instantaneously at rest.
b) Find the acceleration of P at each of these times.
When t  0 ,P is at the point where x  4
c) Find the distance of P from the origin when P first comes to instantaneous rest.
18. A particle P moves along the positive x-axis. At time t seconds (t  0), the velocity,
v m/s, op P is given by v  t 3  4t 2  5t  1
The acceleration of P at time t seconds is a m/s2
a) Find an expression for a in terms of t.
b) Find the values of t for which the magnitude of the acceleration of P is instantaneously zero.
When t  0 , the displacement of P from the origin is 3m.
c) Find the displacement of P from the origin when t  2.
19.A particle P moves in a straight line. At time t seconds, the velocity, vm/s, of P is given by v  t 2  4t  7 .
a) Find the acceleration of P, in m/s2, wren t  3
b) Find the distance, in m, that P travels in the interval 0  t  6 . [May19/P2/Q3]
20.A particle P moves along the x-axis. At time t seconds  t  0  the acceleration, a m/s , of p is given by a  6t  12
2

When t  0, P is at rest at the origin.

a) Find the velocity of P when t  2
AT time T seconds, T  0, P is instantaneously at rest. b) Find the value of T.
c) Find the distance travelled by P in the first 8 seconds of its motion. [May19/P2R/Q4]
21.The finite region R enclosed by the y-axis, the straight line with equation y  2 x  13
And the curve with equation y  x2  2, is defined for points with coordinates (x, y) with x  0
The region R is rotated through 3600about the y-axis.
Use algebraic integration to find the volume of the solid generated.
Give your answer in terms of  . [May19/P2R/Q9]
22. A particle P is moving along the x-axis. At time t second (t  0) the velocity, v m/s, of P is given by v  4sin 2t
a) Find the least value of t for which the velocity of P is 2 m/s.
b) Find the magnitude of the acceleration of P when its velocity is 2 m/s.

The particle P is at the point with coordinates (3,0) when t 
4
c) Find the distance of P from the origin when t  0 [Jan19-P2/Q4]
answers
1. (a) 𝑡= 2, 5 (b) 6 m/s, 15 m/s (c) 15 m/s 2.(a) 𝑣 = 𝑡 3 − 7𝑡 2 + 12𝑡 (b) 3, 4
1 5
(d) 11 m (e) 11 m 3. (b) ½, 5 (c) 2.75 (e) 1.21 m
4 6
(f) 2.42 m/s 4. (a) 𝑛 = 9 (b) 𝑣= 216, 𝑡=6 (c) 0 (e) 1093.5 m
1 5
5. (a) 𝑎= 3𝑡 2 − 7𝑡 + 2 (c) 18.5 (max), 0(min) (e) 52 m (f) 10 m/s 6. (b) 1.18
12 12
−0.5𝑡
(d) 𝑠 = 20𝑡 + 36𝑒 − 36 7. (a) 𝑒 −2𝑡 (1 − 2𝑡) (c) 0.184, maximum
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
(d) 0.149 m 8. (b) , , , (d) 1.5 m 9. (b) 𝜋 3𝜋 (d) (2𝜋 + 16)m
8 8 8 8
𝜋
(e) 7.1 m/s 10. (b) 3 (c) 𝑥 = 1.5, 𝑡 = (e) 1.36 m
4
dv dv
11. a) t=3,5 b) t 5 4 c) S  32m 12. a) a   3t 2  8t  5
dt dt
5 1
b)t  ,1 c) s  8 m 13. a) (i) v  6t  2t 2 (ii)
3 2
3
2t
s  3t 2   5 b) t=3, s=14m 14. a) t  2, a=14(m/s2 ) , b) s=51m
3
15. a) t  2 accel =8(m/s2 )
 2 17 220
b) 5 (m / s)(Acceept 5.67, ) c) V=7 d) (Accept 8.15 or better)
3 3 27

16. a) 0.7853… (accept 0.785 or better) b) a  10sin 2t a max  10(m / s 2 ) c) 2.7 oe (m)

dv dv
17. a) t=3,5 b) t 3  4 t 5 4 c) 32m
dt dt

5 1
18.a) 3t 2  8t  5 b) ,1 c) s  8 m
3 3

19. a) Accel = 2 b) 42 (m) 20. A) -12 (m/s) b) t = 4 c) 192 (m)

117 
21.   oe 22. A) t  b) 4 3(6.928...)(m/s2 ) c) 1 (m)
2 12