10th My Notes (Complete)

SIR SYED MODEL SCHOOL AND COLLEGE HARIPUR.
10TH ENGLISH
UNIT # 1: SIMPLICITY AND HUMILITY OF HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (PBUH)
Q1: What is meant by simplicity and humility?

Ans: Simplicity is a characteristic of greatness. It means doing what is necessary and
remaining balanced. Humility is the quality of being humble. Both these great virtues mean
straight forward and having low views of one’s importance.
Q2: Describe in a few sentences, the lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) in the light of
the text that you have read?
Ans: The lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was simple and humble. He always ate
simple food and wore simple clothes. He never searched for a prominent place in a
gathering. His mattress was made of leather stuff and leaves of the date tree.
Q3: How can simplicity and humility do away with the culture of extravagance and waste?
Ans: By adopting the qualities of simplicity and humility, we can easily eradicate the culture
of extravagance and waste. We can also reduce our expenditure. These qualities save a man
from economic problems.
Q4: Read the last paragraph of the lesson “Simplicity and Humility of Hazrat Muhammad
(PBUH)” with comprehension and write down the main idea and supporting details of the
paragraph?
Ans: The main idea of the last paragraph is that we can learn a lot from the faultless
qualities of Muhammad’s (PBUH).By adopting the qualities of humbleness and simplicity, we
can improve our lives and can eradicate social evils like arrogance, pride, and
extravagance. Simplicity and humility will correct our social behaviour.
Q5: How did Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) treat his foster sister?
Ans: Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) treated his foster sister with great respect. Whenever she
came, he would stand up to receive her and would spread his sheet for her to sit.
UNIT# 02: THE CHAMPIONS
Q1. What is the significance of the title “The Champions”?

Ans: The significance of the title “The Champions” is the story about a boxing contest
between two deep friends, in which the winner has to represent Pakistan in the world
boxing championship in the lightweight category.
Q2. What was the dream of Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher?
Ans: Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher had a dream of someday becoming lightweight boxing
champion of the world.
Q3. Why was the fight so important for both Ali and Gul Sher?
Ans: The fight was very important for both boxers because the contest was actually for the
selection of a world boxing champion. They both were dreaming to win it.
Q4. How did the two friends fight? Describe in five sentences.
Ans: Both the friends fought bravely. They rushed towards each other like bulls and
pounded blows on each other like hailstones. They give a tough time with each other in the
ring. In the end, they sacrificed the championship for their friendship.
AUTHORED BY: Yasir Nadeem Khan(M.A English Literature , Diploma in TEFL , B.ed, M.ed(ETE))
10TH ENGLISH
Q5. Compare and contrast the characters of Ali and Gul?
Ans: Gul Sher was fair, lean, and lanky. His hair was always falling over his eyes. Ali was
Sheedi, dark, short, and strong. His hair was in a natural Afro style. They have many
common qualities but their boxing style was different from each other. They both know,
how to win the fight.
Q6. Is there any conflict in the story? If yes, describe it in detail.
Ans: Yes, there is a conflict in the story. One conflict is the boxing contest between the two
fast friends. They both worried about how to face each other in the ring. They were restless
to think about the effect of the fight on their friendship.
Q7. What was the effect of the fight on the relationship between the two friends?
Ans: Both the boxers were good friends. They were greatly worried about their boxing
contest. They know that the fight will not affect their relationship. They fought bravely, as
they knew that the better men should win the contest.
Q8. Keeping in view the relationship between the two friends, is it easier or harder for
them to fight each other? Support your answer by giving references from the text.
Ans: As we know that both the boxers were good friends, so it was hard for them to fight
against each other. Before the fight, they were really restless and they often told each other
about the mental conditions of their own. They really didn’t want to disturb their friendship.
Q9. Are you satisfied with the ending? Support your response with cogent arguments.
Ans: Yes, we are satisfied with the ending of the story. Both boxers showed their courage,
strength and skills. At the end of the story their friendship win over the boxing
championship.
Unit 03: Dreams by Langston Hughes
Q1. What is the theme of the poem?

Answer: The theme of the poem “Dreams” is the importance of holding onto dreams in life.
Dreams are essential for dynamic life. Life without ambitions and dreams is hopeless.
Q2. How important do you think dreams are? Explain.
Answer: I think dreams are very important for a hopeful and successful life. The dream is a
source of hope and pleasure which enables us to obtain success. Dreams give us the
courage to bear the hardships of life.
Q3. Identify an example of a word or phrase that is repeated in the poem and explain why
the poet makes this repetition.
Answer: The poet repeats the word/ phrase “Dream” and “if dream die” because he
wanted to emphasize the importance of dreams in human’s life.
Q4. Identify an example of personification. Explain what is being personified and how?
Answer: personification: when a poet gives human qualities to non-human things that is
called personification. This figurative device has been used in the poem “Dreams”. The poet
has Personified life to a broken-winged bird that cannot fly without dreams.
Unit 03 Poem Dreams Langston Hughes.
10TH ENGLISH
Q5. Identify lines containing metaphors. What ideas are being conveyed by these?
Answer: The third line of 1st stanza “Life is a broken-winged bird” and the third line of 2nd
stanza “Life is a barren field” containing metaphors. These metaphors conveyed the ideas
that life is useless and hopeless without dreams.
Q6. List the alliterative words from the poem “Dreams”?
Answer: Alliteration: when all the words of a line or a sentence start with the same letter.
This is called alliteration. In this poem “Dreams Die” is alliterative words
Q7: How is the imagery used in this poem?
Answer: The poet has beautifully used the figurative device of imagery in this poem. He
uses words like “broken-winged bird” “barren field” and “field frozen with snow” to make
images in the mind of readers.
Q8. What is the mood of this poem? How does it make you feel?
Answer: The mood of this poem is sad. However, the poet encourages the readers to hold
fast to their wishes, desires, and goals because without Dreams life is dull and bleak.
Unit 04:“Population Growth and its Impact On Environment”
A. Answer the following questions.

Q1. Why is there no single and easy solution to the problem of population growth and its
impact on the environment?
Ans: There is no single and easy solution to the problem of population growth and its impact
on the environment because this problem is very complicated. To solve this problem all
options should be utilized including awareness campaigns, re-assessment of consumption
patterns, recycling of waste, and less use of resources.
Q2: How is the carrying capacity of the earth affected?
Ans: The carrying capacity of the earth is affected by overpopulation. Earth has a carrying
capacity of 500 million to one trillion humans, but it has limited resources so, it is not able to
support such a large number of people.
Q3: Why does population growth directly affect the environment?
Ans: Population growth has a direct impact on the environment. An increase in population
means an increase in the consumption of resources and the production of more waste
materials, water, and air pollution.
UNIT # 04: The Great Masjid of Cordoba and Iqbal
Q1: Where did AbdurRehman 1 import fruit trees & other plants from? Why?
Ans: Abdur Rehman 1 imported fruit trees & other plants from Damascus to Cordoba
because he wanted to make Cordoba a glorious place.
Q2: What can we achieve again if we enkindle in ourselves the master-passion (Ishq)?
Ans: We can achieve the past glory & greatness if we enkindle in ourselves the passion
of Ishq.
Q3: What is the view of Iqbal about the Masjid of Cordoba? Explain
Ans: The view of Iqbal about the Masjid of Cordoba is that the Masjid Cordoba is a symbol of
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faith and dominance of Islamic civilization in Europe. The existence of Masjid is due to
Ishq and its foundations are everlasting.
Q4: What, in your opinion, is the significance of the Masjid of Cordoba to present-day
Muslims? Explain.
Ans: The Masjid Cordoba is a symbol of the past glory & greatness of the Muslims & their
dominance over Europe. It takes us to the golden age of Islam which provided
enlightenment to the dark ages of Europe.
Q5: Why did Iqbal greatly appreciated a faraway Masjid in Spain, when there were superb
buildings of the Muslim era in the sub-continent?
Ans: Iqbal greatly appreciated the great Masjid of Cordoba to tell the present-day Muslims
the glory, strength & greatness of Muslims and Islam in Europe. The Masjid is the
outstanding symbol of faith and also the finest work of Muslim Art.
Unit # 06: In spite of War (Poem)

Q1: What are the things that thrive despite the ravages of war?
Ans: According to the poem Lilacs, Tulip, Daisy, Pansies, and gardens are the things that
thrive despite the ravages of war.
Q2: What are some of the different words and images used in the poem that convey the
emotions of loss?
Ans: Death, Suffering, Hate, War, Despair, Guns roaring, Cannon boom, and Nightmares are
the words and images which convey the emotions of loss.
Q3: In the poem “In spite of war”, there are several examples of personification. Identify
two examples of personification: explain what is being personified and how?
Ans: In the poem “In spite of war”, there are several examples of personification, but the
two examples are as under:
When pansies lift their eyes to mine.
 Tulips are tripping down the path.
 In both examples, the poetess has given human qualities to non-human
things.
Q4: Make a list of the words that tell you about the tone of the poem ‘In spite of war’ and
explain how those words tell us what the tone is. Use examples from the poem to back up
your reasoning.
Ans: The tone of the poem is optimistic. The poetess says that despite the war &
destruction, everything in nature is going normal. Life continues as usual. The following
words tell us about the tone. Laugh, Sings, Courage, Rejoice, Blooming of flowers, Glory, and
gardens.
Q5: What is the theme of the poem ‘In spite of war’?
Ans: The main theme of the poem is very simple. The poetess encourages us to look at the
beauty around us rather than focus on the negative aspect of our lives. She says that in spite
of war & other negative things, life continues as nothing was happening.
10TH ENGLISH
Unit # 07: An Aged Mother
Q.1) Why did the farmer decide to take his mother on the summit?
Answer:
The farmer decided to take his mother on the summit because it was the order of the
emperor to kill all the old citizens. There was a summit named as ‘Obatsuyama’ meaning the
‘mountain of the abandoning of the aged.’ Therefore, the farmer took his mother to the
summit to leave her there to die as per the order of the despotic leader.
Q.2) Why did the son hide his mother in the closet?
Answer:
The son hid his mother in the closet so the soldiers of the leader would not find her as it was
against the orders of the leader to have any aged person at home. Being a sympathetic and
loving son, he considered the closet a safe place for his mother.
Q.3) What does the phrase “with the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom!” mean?
Answer:
The phrase “with the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom” means that as the person
grows older, he becomes wiser and intelligent. Here ‘the crown of snow’ stands for
white/grey hair. With age, people learn from their personal and professional experiences
about how to lead life and deal with situations in a much better, appropriate and effective
way.
Q.4) What is the theme of “The Aged Mother”?
Answer:
The theme of The Aged Mother is quite heart-touching. This story reflects the concept that
whatever the circumstance will be, the mother always has a desire to help her children in
any time of need. It is the unquestionable love of a mother that always resides in her heart
for her children even if her children won’t pay her back with the same love, generosity, and
care.
Q.5) What is the climax of the story “The Aged Mother”?
Answer:
The climax of the story happens when the farmer drops his mother at the summit and is
about to leave, his mother tells him to follow the path of twigs that she has placed at
intervals so it would be easy for him to go back his home. It is the most touching moment of
the story that makes the farmer’s heart melt, then and there he decides to take her old
mother with him without giving a second thought to the cruel order of the governor.
Q.6) Why did the farmer disclose his secret?
Answer:
The farmer disclosed his secret because he was forced by the leader to tell him the secret of
his wisdom that being such a young fellow how he would be able to obey his order of
making a rope of ashes. At that time, the farmer disclosed his secret of his alive old mother
who gave him the idea that he followed to make a rope of ashes.
Q.7) What are the elements of the story “The Aged Mother”?
Answer:
The five elements of the story ‘The Aged Mother’ are:
Setting: The story takes place in the town of Shinano at different times of the day.
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Characters: The story revolves around three major characters i.e. farmer, his old widow
mother, and the despotic leader.
Plot: The events happen in a logical manner throughout the story.
Conflict: The conflict arises with the order of the dictator leader to put to death all the aged
people of the town.
Resolution: The problem is resolved by the farmer by hiding his mother in the closet, safe
from the evil eyes of the leader’s soldiers.
Q.8) What is the setting of the story?
Answer:
The story takes place in the town of Shinano, a town that is governed by an authoritarian
leader. The story does not revolve around any specific time of the day, it varies as the story
moves.
Q.9) Why did the leader issue the proclamation?
Answer:
The leader issued the proclamation of taking the lives of all the old citizens of the town
because he considered their survival a cause of failing health and strength. That’s why the
leader issued a cruel and barbarous proclamation for all to obey.
Q.10) How does the poor youth feel about the proclamation?
Answer:
After hearing the proclamation by the leader, the youth feels very sad and gloomy. The
order fills the heart of the young farmer with extreme grief and sorrow.
Q.11) How did the youth carry out the order?
Answer:
Though it was difficult for the loving and caring son of the aged mother to carry out the
order of the leader but as he had to obey the orders so it was twilight when the farmer took
rice and bottle of water with him and carried his mother on his back. He climbed the steep
mountain by carrying the burden of his old mother. He had to leave his aged mother at the
mount Obatsuyama where she would die alone.
Unit # 08: Women’s Role in Pakistan’s Movement
Q.1: How did Quaid-e-Azam empower & emancipate the Muslim women of the Sub-
continent?
Answer:Quaid-e-Azam empowered & emancipated the Muslim women of the Sub-continent

by stressing the importance of women as equal partners of men in the independence
movement. For this purpose, he created the All India Muslim Women’s sub-committee of
the Muslim league.
10TH ENGLISH
Q.2: How did Begum Fatima, the principal of Jinnah Islamia College, mobilize female
students?
Answer:Begum Fatima, the principal of Jinnah Islamia College, mobilized female students
by inviting Quaid-e-Azam to come and address the female students of her college in 1942.
That address encouraged the participation of female students in the independence
movement.
Q.3: Why did the Quaid-e-Azam stress the importance of women as equal partners of men
in the creation of a separate homeland for Muslims?
Answer:Quaid-e-Azam stressed the importance of women as equal partners of men in the

creation of a separate homeland for Muslims because it was necessary for the Muslims to
achieve their dream of a separate homeland.
Q.4: Describe the role of women in the Pakistan Movement, highlighting their love and
aspirations for the new homeland?
Answer:Women of the Sub-Continent played a vital role in the Pakistan Movement. Fatima

Jinnah was the first woman to participate in political activities with her brother. Besides
Fatima Jinnah, few other women were also showing their love, courage, and commitment to
the creation of a new homeland. They bear a lot of hardships for this purpose.
Q. 5: What idea and issue have been explored in the fifth paragraph of the text, Women’s
role in the Pakistan movement?
Answer: In the fifth paragraph, the issue of the 1946 election has been explored. Muslim
league won all the Muslim seats but were excluded from the formation of the government.
This led to a massive demonstration by men as well as women leaguers.
Unit # 09 Equipment
A. Answer the following question.
Q1: Paraphrase the second stanza of the poem “Equipment”?

Ans: My Lad! You have to understand this reality that God has gifted you with all capabilities
that have given to all the greatest men. Just like those great men, you have two-arm, two
hands, two legs, two eyes, and a brain. All the great men started their life with these things,
so take start to reach the top because you can do everything.
Q2: Summarize the poem “Equipment”?
Ans: The poem Equipment has been written by Edgar Guest. In this poem, he addresses us &
says that every person in this world has been granted the same physical capabilities i.e.
Eyes, Ears, Legs, Hands, Arms, and a brain. The greatest men have had also these
capabilities. All the great persons use these common tools in their daily lives for becoming
great men in the world. In terms of body structure & physical power, all human beings are
the same, so it is possible for every man to reach the top and achieve great goals.
Q3: Write down the rhyme scheme of the poem Equipment?
Ans: The rhyme scheme of the poem Equipment is AA BB CC. The poet sometimes repeats
some words like the word ‘Two’ inline 3.
10TH ENGLISH
Q4: What is the theme of the poem Equipment?
Ans: The theme of the poem Equipment is that All human beings have been awarded by
Allah with all the equipment needed for success. Now it’s up to them to utilize that
equipment or not. All people are responsible for their own fate.
Q5: “All human beings are created equal” Explain this statement in the light of the poem
Equipment?
Ans: In the poem Equipment, the poet says that all human beings are created equal. It
means that Allah awarded all human beings with two eyes, two legs, two hands, two arms,
and a brain. Now it’s up to them to decide how to use these qualities and capabilities.
Q6: How do you feel after reading the poem?
Ans: After reading the poem we feel more excited, energic, optimistic, and hopeful. The
poem provided us some extra energy and sparks determination within us.
Unit # 10: Water Scarcity in Pakistan
Q1: What are the main sources of water in Pakistan?
Ans: The main sources of water in Pakistan are Glaciers, Rainfall, Rivers and Underground
water etc.
Q2: What are the river drainage systems of Pakistan? Describe briefly
Ans: There are three river drainage systems of Pakistan.
1. The Indus Basin River: It originates from Tibet and flow to the west andfinally
fall into the Arabian Sea. It covers an area of 365000 sq miles. We receive
141.67 million square feet of water from it.
2. Closed Basin Kharan desert: Its main rivers are Pishin Lora, BadooRakhshan
and Mash Khel. It covers an area of 120,100 Sq.Km. We get 4.5 million-acre
feet of water from it.
3. Makran Coastal Basin: It consists of streams of Malir, Hub, Porali, Kud,
Hingol, Nai, Dasht, Mashhad, Nihing and Kech.It covers an area of 122,400 Sq
Km. We get 0.78 million water from it.
Q3: What are the main causes of water shortage in Pakistan? Discuss
Ans: The main causes of water shortage in Pakistan are as under:
1. The rapid increase in population.
2. Construction of dams by India over river Chenab and Jhelum.
3. Wastage of water.
4. Non-construction of more water reservoirs.
5. Rapid depletion of groundwater.
Q4: What measures can we take to overcome water shortage in Pakistan?
Ans: We can take the following measures to overcome water shortage in Pakistan.
1. Construction of water reservoirs.
2. Control over wastage of water.
3. Increased use of water-efficient crops
4. Adopting water-efficient methods of irrigation.
5. Implementation of national water policy 2018.
10TH ENGLISH
Q5: What can you do on own to contribute to the conservation of water in your home and
surrounding?
Ans: We can do the following things to contribute to the conservation of water in our home
and surrounding. We should check our house for leaks. We should take short showers. We
should use less amount of water in domestic use etc.
Q6: What is the importance of building national reservoirs?
Ans: Building of national reservoirs of water are important because they provide water for
domestic, industry and irrigation purposes. They also provide hydroelectric power
production and river navigation.
Unit # 12: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Q.1: What are genes and genetics?
Answer: Genes are the subunits of DNA the information database of any organism that is
contained inside the cell nucleus. Genes transmit character traits of parents to their
offsprings. Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
Q.2: Why is the discovery of a gene called a game-changer in biological sciences?
Answer:The discovery of genes is called a game-changer in biological sciences because it led

to the development of genetic and the process of genetic engineering through which
genetically modified plants and animals are produced.
Q.3: What is genetic engineering? What role does genetic engineering play in producing
genetically modified organisms?
Answer:Genetic engineering is the process of manipulation of an organism’s genes directly

by transplanting DNA from other organisms in its cells. Genetically modified organisms are
produced through this process having the desired traits.
Q.4: Write at least two merits and two demerits of GMOs?
Answer: Two merits of GMOs are:

1. Eradication of hereditary disease.
2. Increase resistance to diseases.
Two demerits of GMOs are:
1. The unpredictability of the behavior of altered genes.
2. GMOs may take some unwanted characteristics causing harm to our health environment
or ecosystem.
Q.5: What is your opinion will be the effect of GMOs on our lives, lifestyle, and the
environment in the future?
Ans: Although GMOs have made our lives easy and comfortable, they have some dangerous
effects. The unpredictability of the behavior of altered genes, unwanted characteristics,
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health problems, population problems, etc are some of the concerns about GMOs that may
harm the ecosystem and human health.
Q.6: Have you ever used genetically modified foods? Give suggestions & solutions for the
safe use of genetically modified foods?
Answer:Yes, I have used genetically modified foods. I have the following suggestions and
solutions for the safe use of GMOs.
1. To test the feasibility of GMOs, for any potential risk.
2. Quality of the product should be ensured.
3. Avoid processed foods in general.
4. Avoid factory-farmed animal products.
Unit # 13: They have cut down the Pines (Poem)
Q.1) Why were the pines cut down?
Answer:
The pines were cut down by the insensitive people for their personal needs i.e. for making
fence and posts.
Q.2) Beside the poetess, who will badly miss the company of the pines?
Answer:
Beside the poetess, the elements of nature the rain, the sun, and the wind will badly miss
the company of the pines.
Q.3) Pick out the lines having personification.
Answer:
The lines of the poem that represent personification are:
(1) And all day long the sun
Plays hide and seek with shadows.
(2) The kind, the friendly trees,
(3) The gentle colloquy of bough and bough.
Q.4) How has the cutting down of the trees affected nature?
Answer:
The cutting down of the trees has affected nature in a negative manner. According to the
poetess, the wind and rain will miss the pine trees as they will not find them standing
steadfast at their place. The sun will be going to miss their absence as it will not play hide
and seek under the shadows. The birds are the ones who greatly suffer due to the cutting
down of the trees because they will not find trees to build their nests for their families.
Q.5) What picture of the rain does the words “its silver blind is down’ give you?
Answer:
This phrase means the moment when the rain falls heavily to the ground, it makes
everything silver and one can find it difficult to see clearly through the rain as the heavy
rainfall covers the whole scene just like a blind.
Q.6) The poetess mourns the cutting down of pines in a way as if she has lost her near and
dear mate; why?
Answer:
The reason for the mourning of the poetess due to the cutting of pines is that she is a
nature-lover and she likes to have a clean and green environment. That’s why she is in a
state of grief as she does not want the pine trees to be cut down and the elements of nature
to be affected due to this ruthless act of humans.
10TH ENGLISH
Q.7) What is the mood of the poem and what effect does it has on you? Describe in detail.
Answer:
The mood of the poem is gloomy and sorrowful. It cast a feeling of sadness and grief on the
reader because the trees and other elements of nature are personified in the poem by the
poetess thus giving a human element to them. If we are kind-hearted individuals then we
would definitely feel the pain of the wind, rain, sun, and birds from which they pass through
in the absence of pine trees.
Q.8) What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is about the importance of trees and the positive effect they
cast on wind, sun, rain, and birds. If people cut down the trees for their use, they directly
become a source of disturbing and affecting nature in a negative way.
Q.9) What are the effects of deforestation on the environment?
Answer:
Deforestation or cutting of trees has a negative impact on the environment. This process
disturbs nature quite badly. The destruction of trees increases the rate of global warming as
less number of trees are there to absorb carbon dioxide and other harmful and greenhouse
gases from the environment. Due to this, the temperature alters that affect the ecosystem.
Deforestation becomes a cause of floods in any area as their presence soaks up and store
excess water in the surrounding soil. Birds and animals also lose their natural habitat and in
this way, various species of birds and animals become extinct from the environment. Cutting
of trees definitely has an impact on the food supply, the lesser the trees, the lesser the
availability of fruits and grass/leaves for the animals and birds. With the cruel process of
deforestation, the ground will not get the shade and in turn, the ground becomes drier at
the fast pace and there is a shortage of nutrients in the soil. Deforestation also creates an
increase in air and water pollution.
Unit # 13: Hazrat Umer (RA)
Q.1) Why did Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) deposit the jewels, given by the empress of the
Rome to Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) wife, in the Bait-ul-Mal?
Answer:
Once the wife of Hazrat Umar (R.A) presented perfume bottles to the empress of Rome, the
empress returned the bottles filled with precious stones. When Hazrat Umar (R.A) came to
know this, He deposited the jewel in Bait-ul-Mal because He had no desire for worldly
comforts or luxuries and He also did not want his family to love the luxuries of this
temporary world.
Q.2) Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of those people who served the new religion with
singleness of purpose. Describe the services of Hazrat Umar (R.A) to Islam in the context
of this statement.
Answer:
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was a symbol of humility, simplicity, honesty, integrity and truth. He
always led a simple lifestyle in accordance to the principles of Islam and teachings of the
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). He remained concerned about the welfare of the people of his
state. Being an honest person, he never took money from Bait-ul-Mal for his personal use.
He gave full liberty to everyone to come to him for any complaint or need. He used to wear
simple clothes and eat simple diet.
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Q.3) Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) rule. Support the
view by giving evidences from the given text.
Answer:
Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar (R.A), some of the examples are
given in the lesson as evidence. Once the governor of Kufa visited Hazrat Umar (R.A), he was
eating barley bread with olive oil. The governor asked him why he was not having wheat
bread as it was in abundance in his dominions?Hazrat Umar (R.A) said that he couldn’t eat
wheat until and unless every single citizen of the state of Madinah would have it.
Similarly, at one occasion when the envoy came to meet him, they were amazed to see the
caliph whose army held sway over the three known continents of the world, was laying on
the bare floor of the Majid-al-Nabawi (P.B.U.H).
Q.4: Why did Hazrat Umar (RA) not eat wheat bread?
Answer:Umar Farooq (RA) did not eat wheat bread because it was not available to every
common person in his vast dominions.
Q.5: How did Hazrat Umar (RA) ensure his own accountability and the accountability of his
governors before the public during his government?
Answer:Hazrat Umar (RA) ensured his own accountability and accountability of his
governors before the public during his Government. A common man had easy access to
Hazrat Umar (RA). Everyone was free to question his actions. Every Governor had to sign a
bond on his appointment that he would lead a simple life and all people would have easy
access to his presence. Hazrat Umar’s (RA) era is considered the golden period of Islam.
Unit # 14: The Model Millionaire
Q.1: What was Hughie’s financial status?
Answer:Hughie was a delightful, ineffectual young man with a perfect profile and no
profession except meagre resources from his farms. In the past, he was a successful tea
merchant but a slump in tea trade badly affected his business.
Q.2: What condition was laid down by the colonel for Hughie’s marriage to his daughter?
Answer:When Hughie mother approached Colonel for the marriage and Colonel said,
“Come to me when your son has got ten thousand pounds, and we will see about it.”
Q.3: Was Alan a good painter? What makes you think that?
Answer:Alan Trevor was a good painter and famous artist. He was a real master as his
pictures were eagerly sought after. Many millionaires come to him for the paintings and
even the richest man of Europe Baron Hausberg personally came to him to paint him as a
beggar. And also his charges for one picture were two thousand Guineas.
10TH ENGLISH
Q.4: Describe the role of Colonel Merton in the story. Would you describe him as a
negative character or not? Why?
Answer:Colonel Merton does not have much role in the whole story he appeared just as the
father of the Hughie`s beloved Laura. Firstly he is all admirer of Hughie and accepts the
proposal of marriage but when Hughie faced loss in his tea business then he just put a
condition for marriage. We cannot take him as a negative character he is just a caring father
who is concerned about his daughter future he did not refuse for the marriage he just put
the condition as: “Come to me when your son has got ten thousand pounds, and we will see
about it.” And in the end as well when Hughie comes with the money he happily let them
marry.
Q.5: Draw the character sketch of Erkskine Hughie in the story “The Model Millionaire”?
Answer:Erskine Hughie, a French aristocrat was soft-hearted, well-mannered and good

looking with brown curly hair and grey eyes. He was a popular man because of his good
demeanour, gentle heart, and unaffected plainness. He was a successful tea merchant but
then due to bad consequences his business turned down and after that, he could not have
any business, no profession except meagre resources from his farms. He was in deep love
with Colonel Merton daughter Laura Marton and his dream was to marry her and have her
as her beloved wife. He was a kind and sympathetic person as when he saw a Baron in the
beggar attire he felt pity for him as he himself was having only copper and a sovereign he
gave his sovereign to him with the intention to help that poor guy in any possible way. This
act of kindness changed his whole life due to this kindness he got all that he wished in his
life.
Q.6: Describe the climax of the story in your own words. Also, a sketch of how you would
have ended the story had you been the writer.
Answer:The climax of the story starts when Hughie gives the sovereign to the old wrenched
beggar to help him as an act of kindness. And in the evening when he meets with the Alan
there he comes to know that the beggar was not the actual beggar he was a millionaire who
was in the beggar attire for his painting. Hughie was now afraid about the reaction of Baron
Husberg as he treated him as a beggar.
If I was the writer I would have ended the story in the same way with the happy ending
where the two hearts meet forever and one gets the reward for being kind and sympathetic.
Q.7: What is the theme of the story “The Modal Millionaire”?
Answer:For me, the theme of this story is that kindness is always appreciated and rewarded
or kindness begets kindness. As the whole story revolves around the kindness which the
Hughie did with the beggar and then the reward he got back for his kindness i.e ten
thousand pounds as a reward, which got him to marry his love of life and also being
appreciated by the millionaire Baron.
10TH ENGLISH
Unit # 15: Opportunity (Poem)
Q.1: Who is the speaker in this poem?
Answer:Opportunity is the speaker in this poem.

Q.2: It is a commonly held belief that opportunity knocks once at the door, but this belief
is rejected outright by opportunity herself. Why?
Answer:Opportunity herself has rejected the commonly held belief that opportunity comes
once in a person’s life because she herself is saying that it is not true. She (opportunity)
keeps on standing outside the door of the person to wake him up to fight and win his battle
i.e. to grab the opportunity and get success through hard work.
Q.3: What is the advice of opportunity to those who have failed or lost the opportunity in
the past?
Answer:Opportunity is giving advice to all those who have faced failure or lost something in
the past that they must not lose courage. Every night she (opportunity) burns the records of
the day and with the rising of the sun, everything starts all again for the person from the
scratch meaning that it might be possible that the opportunity comes again in that person’s
life who has a desire to achieve something in life.
Q.4) What was the effect of this poem, ‘opportunity’ on you? Describe your own response
in your own words.
Answer:Walter Malone’s poem ‘opportunity’ has the potential to cast a positive effect on
the mind of the reader. Similarly, I feel myself quite enthusiastic and optimistic towards life
after reading this poem. The reason is that opportunity herself gives the assurance that if
someone misses her once she keeps on coming to the door of that person only if he is
ambitious enough to carry out his plans in order to get success.
Q.5) What is the key theme of the poem, “opportunity”? Explain the various themes
discussed in the poem.
Answer:The key theme of the poem ‘opportunity’ is about holding an optimistic approach to
life. It happens many a time that a person faces any failure or loss, he becomes a dishearted
person. But the opportunity comes in the life of a person, again and again, to raise his
morale and give him the courage to start his life all over again with full zeal and zest
forgetting about the past bitter experiences.
Q.6) Point out some of the poetic devices used by the poet in the poem ‘Opportunity’ and
identify the line/lines.
Answer:Some of the poetic devices used by the poet are:
Personification:
Opportunity is personified as a human figure of a female in the poem.
Imagery:
Visual, olfactory and auditory imagery is used by the poet. The words that explain imagery
are wail, weep, burn, laugh, hands, arm, feet, hell, and heaven.
Alliteration:
Alliteration is used by the poet in the following lines
They do me wrong who say I come no more
10TH ENGLISH
When once I knock and fail to find you in
And bid you wake, and rise to fight and win
Weep not for golden ages on the wane
At sunrise, every soul is born again
Dost reel from righteous Retribution’s blow?
And find the future’s pages white as snow
Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven
Laugh like a boy at splendours that have sped
To vanished joys be blind and deaf and dumb
Though deep in mire, wring not your hands and weep
No shame-faced outcast ever sank so deep
But yet might rise and be again a man
Simile:
A simile is used by the poet in the line
And find the future’s pages as white as snow
Rhyme:
The rhyme pattern of ACBD is observed throughout the poem.
Poem 1: “ Dreams”
Stanza 1:
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Paraphrase:
Stick firmly to your dreams in life because if dreams die, life becomes a broken-winged weak
bird that cannot fly in the air. Her life becomes hopeless and boring.
Stanza 2:
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Paraphrase:
Stick fast to your dreams because when dreams go away, life becomes a barren or
unproductive field, frozen with snow which is not able to produce any kind of vegetables or
any other crops.
Poem 2 In Spite of War
Angela Morgan lived during both world wars. In this poem, Morgan shares that despite a
devastating war, everything in nature continues as if nothing is happening. The same can be
10TH ENGLISH
said of our lives. Life goes on as long as horrible things happen, so this poem encourages us
to look at the beauty around us instead of focusing on the negative aspects of our lives.
Stanza 1:
In spite of war, in spite of death,
In spite of all man’s sufferings,
Something within me laughs and sings
And I must praise with all my breath.
Paraphrase:
In spite of war destructions, death, and sufferings of all human beings, there is something in
my heart that laughs and sings the song of hope and pleasure. So, I must praise it
wholeheartedly.
Stanza 2:
In spite of war, in spite of hate
Lilacs are blooming at my gate,
ulips are tripping down the path
In spite of war, in spite of wrath.
Paraphrase:
In spite of war and hate, Lilacs are blooming at my gate. Tulips flowers are also growing and
stumbling down the path. Although there are war and anger, these flowers give us hope and
courage to face the situations.
Stanza 3:
“Courage!” the morning-glory saith;
“Rejoice!” the daisy murmureth,
And just to live is so divine
When Pansies lift their eyes to mine.
Paraphrase:
The morning glory advised us for courage and daisy flowers softly speak to be glad (rejoice)
and do not worry about the war sufferings. Life is very beautiful, and it becomes more
beautiful when pansies bloom and lift their eyes to mine.
Stanza 4:
The clouds are romping with the sea,
And flashing waves call back to me
That naught is real but what is fair,
That everywhere and everywhere
A glory liveth through despair.
Paraphrase:
The clouds are playing with the sea. The flashing waves are calling me
back that everything that is fair and just is actually the reality. That reality lives everywhere
in this world. Although there is hopelessness but glory and despair live side by side.
Stanza 5:
Though guns may roar and cannon boom,
Roses are born and gardens bloom;
My spirit still may light its flame
At that same torch whence, Poppies came.
10TH ENGLISH
Paraphrase:
In the war, the guns and cannons are roaring and booming all around but still, roses are
blooming, and gardens are full of beautiful flowers. This beautiful environment makes me
happy. I am in high spirits to see growing poppies.
Stanza 6:
Where morning’s altar whitely burns
Lilies may lift their silver urns
In spite of war, in spite of shame.
Paraphrase:
When the sun rises in the morning and spreads it light everywhere, it makes the beautiful
Lilies flower shining like silver. Then in spite of war which is very shameful, lilies grow
everywhere reducing the horrors of war.
Stanza 7:
And in my ear a whispering breath,
“Wake from the nightmare! Look and see
That life is naught but ecstasy
In spite of war, in spite of death!”.
Paraphrase:
My whispering breath softly speaks in my ear to wake up from your horror dream. Look
around and see the world. Life is nothing but an ecstasy. It is full of great joy, Although there
is a war going on and deaths are seen everywhere.
Paraphrases of Poems 3 Equipment
Stanza 1:
Figure it out for yourself, my lad,
You’ve all that the greatest of men have had,
Two arms, two hands, two legs, two eyes,
And a brain to use if you would be wise.
With this equipment, they all began,
So start for the top and say “I can”.
Paraphrase:
My lad! Think over this reality that God has gifted you with all the capabilities which he has
given to the greatest men in the world. Just like them, you have two arms, two hands, two
legs, two eyes, and a brain. All the great men started their life with this common equipment.
So, start your efforts to reach the top and say that you can do everything.
Stanza 2:
Look them over, the wise and great,
They take their food from a common plate
And similar knives and forks they use,
With similar laces, they tie their shoes,
The world considers them brave and smart.
But you’ve all they had when they made their start.
Paraphrase:
My lad! look to the wise and great men. They take their food from a common plate. They
use common tools in their daily life. Like other people, they tie their shoes with similar laces.
10TH ENGLISH
Now the people of the world consider them great and smart. But it is a fact, that they start
with the equipment which you have now.
Stanza 3:
You can triumph and come to skill,
You can be great if only you will,
You’re well equipped for what fight you choose,
You have legs and arms and a brain to use,
And the man who has risen, great deeds to do,
Began his life with no more than you.
Paraphrase:
You can get victory and greatness if you have strong will power and determination. You
have been blessed with all the tools necessary for achieving great success. You must use
your legs, arms, and brain. The people who have risen in life and have done great deeds
began their lives with all these things you already have.
Stanza 4:
You are the handicap you must face,
You are the one who must choose your place,
You must say where you want to go,
How much you will study the truth to know,
God has equipped you for life, But he,
Let’s you decide what you want to be.
Paraphrase:
You will face your own weakness in your life which will stop you from making progress and
great deeds. It totally depends on you to choose your own place, good or bad in life. You
must know that God has given you all the necessary equipment, but he has left you free to
decide what you want to become in life.
Stanza 5
Courage must come from the soul within,
The man must furnish the will to win,
So figure it out for yourself, my lad,
You were born with all that the great have had,
Get hold of yourself and say: “I can”.
Paraphrase:
The man must muster up the courage and furnish his will power to win the competition of
life. My lad! the decision is in your hand. You were born with all the qualities the great men
have had. With these common human capabilities, they all began their struggles in life. So
now control yourself and say that I can do everything.
Paraphrases of Poem 4 They have cut down the pines
Class 10 English Notes
Stanza 1:
They have cut down the pines where they stood;
The wind will miss them——— the rain,
10TH ENGLISH
When its silver blind is down.
They have stripped the bark from the wood—
Paraphrase:
The pine trees have been cut down by the people. The wind and heavy rain will feel their
absence. The outer covering of the trees has also been removed from them.
Stanza 2:
They needy boughs, and the brown
Knobby nuts trod into the ground.
The kind and friendly trees,
Where all day small winds sound,
Paraphrase:
The pointed branches of the trees and the brown cones are crushed under the feet. The
trees are very kind and friendly. When the winds pass through the trees, a rustling sound is
produced in the trees.
Stanza 3:
And all day long the sun
Plays hide and seek with shadows
Till the multiplying shadows turn to one
And the night is here.
Paraphrase:
In the woods, the sun and the shadows replace each other throughout the day. It is like the
sun and shadows play hide and seek with one another. The shadows in the woods increase
during the day but when the night comes, the multiplying shadows turn to one shadow.
Stanza 4:
They have cut down the trees and ended now
The gentle colloquy of bough and bough.
They are making a fence by the creek,
And have cut down the pines for the posts.
Paraphrase:
The trees have been cut down and because of it, the sweet conversation among the
branches of the trees has also ended.
The pine trees have been cut down to make posts that will be used in making a fence along
the stream.
Stanza 5:
Wan in the sunlight for ghost
The naked trunks lie.
A bird nested there——- it will seek
In vain: they have cut down the pines.
Paraphrase:
The naked trunks of the trees lie under the sunlight in miserable conditions. They are of no
use except for providing a haunting place for the ghosts. A bird that made a nest in the trees
will not be able to find its nest because the trees have been cut down.
10TH ENGLISH
Paraphrases of Poem 5 Opportunity Class 10 English Notes
Stanza 1:
They do me wrong who say I come no more
When once I knock and fail to find you in;
For every day I stand outside your door
And bid you wake and rise to fight and win.
Paraphrase:
They (people) are doing wrong with me who say that I come once in life and knocks at their
doors. When I come and knocks at your door and fails to get any response from inside.
Every day I come and stand before your doors and call you to wake from the dream and
start your struggles to win the contest of life.
Stanza 2:
Wail not for precious chances passed away!
Weep not for golden ages on the wane!
Each night I burn the records of the day—
At sunrise, every soul is born again!
Paraphrase:
Don’t be upset about the precious chances of the past that you have missed. Don’t weep for
those good times which have ended now. Each night I remove the records of the day and
with the new sunrise, every soul is born again for a new beginning.
Stanza 3:
Dost, thou behold thy lost youth all aghast?
Dost reel from righteous Retribution’s blow?
Then turn from blotted archives of the past
And find the future’s pages white as snow.
Paraphrase:
Do you think that the thoughts of youth were terrible, and you have been punished for your
truthful deeds? Think no more about it. Turn from the spotted pages of your past life. You
will find that a bright future is waiting for you. The pages of that bright future are white and
clear.
Stanza 4:
Art thou a mourner? Rouse thee from the spell;
Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven;
Each morning gives thee wings to flee from hell,
Each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven.
Paraphrase:
10TH ENGLISH
If you are mourning, it is wrong to do so. Just get out of this spell. If you have committed
sins, do not worry about them because Almighty Allah will forgive them. Each sunrise gives
you the chance to get out from the hell and each sun sits guides you to the right path.
Stanza 5:
Laugh like a boy at splendours that have sped,
To vanished joys be blind and deaf and dumb;
My judgments seal the dead past with its dead,
But never bind a moment yet to come.
Paraphrase:
You have to laugh like a boy on the splendid days of past life. Do not think about the joys
that have disappeared. My decisions seal the records of the dead past, but I never stop the
moment which is yet to come.
Stanza 6:
Though deep in mire, wring not your hands and weep;
I lend my arm to all who say, “I can!”
No shame-faced outcast ever sank so deep
But yet might rise and be again a man!
Paraphrase:
If you are in a terrible situation do not wring your hands and weep. I will lend my hand to
take you out of this terrible situation because I always help those people who have the
courage and strong determination of doing good deeds in life. A man should not lose
courage in unfavourable situations. It is likely that he may rise and become a good human
being in the real sense of the word.

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SIR SYED MODEL SCHOOL AND COLLEGE HARIPUR.

Q1: What is meant by simplicity and humility?

UNIT# 02: THE CHAMPIONS

Q1. What is the significance of the title “The Champions”?

Unit 03: Dreams by Langston Hughes

Q1. What is the theme of the poem?

Unit 04:“Population Growth and its Impact On Environment”

A. Answer the following questions.

A. Answer the following questions.

Unit # 07: An Aged Mother

Unit # 08: Women’s Role in Pakistan’s Movement

A. Answer the following questions.

Answer:Quaid-e-Azam empowered & emancipated the Muslim women of the Sub-continent

Answer:Quaid-e-Azam stressed the importance of women as equal partners of men in the

Answer:Women of the Sub-Continent played a vital role in the Pakistan Movement. Fatima

Q1: Paraphrase the second stanza of the poem “Equipment”?

Answer:The discovery of genes is called a game-changer in biological sciences because it led

Answer:Genetic engineering is the process of manipulation of an organism’s genes directly

Q.4: Write at least two merits and two demerits of GMOs?

Answer: Two merits of GMOs are:

Answer:Erskine Hughie, a French aristocrat was soft-hearted, well-mannered and good

Answer:Opportunity is the speaker in this poem.

Class 10 English Notes

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