Final Report Im7 - International Marketing - Vinfast

International Marketing Lecture: Phạm Quốc Luyến
University of Economics and Finance

Economics Department

FINAL REPORT
Subject: International Marketing
Lecturer: Phạm Quốc Luyến
Group: IM-7
Class: 20D1KQ-NT05
Member:
Nguyễn Thị Viết Trinh – 195041040
Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn – 205044931
Đỗ Văn Hoàng – 205043591
Trần Duy Minh Anh- 205023935
Nguyễn Thị Tình – 205084797
Trần Trọng Nhân – 205220894
Nguyễn Thị Phương Nhi - 205220895
HCMC, October 20 th, 2022
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Table Of Contents
A.CULTURAL ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 5

I.Introduction: ............................................................................................................. 5
II. Brief discussion of the country's relevant history ....................................... 8
III. Geographical setting ........................................................................................... 9
1.Geographical location: .............................................................................. 9
2.Climate:..................................................................................................... 10
3.Topography: ............................................................................................. 11
IV) Social institutions: ............................................................................................. 12
1.Family: ...................................................................................................... 12
2.Education: ................................................................................................ 14
3.Political system : ...................................................................................... 16
4.Legal system : ........................................................................................... 20
5. Social organizations:............................................................................... 23
V. Religion and aesthetics....................................................................................... 26
1.Religion and other belief systems ........................................................... 26
2.Aesthetics .................................................................................................. 28
VI. Living conditions: .............................................................................................. 42
1. Diet and nutrition: .................................................................................. 42
2. Housing: ................................................................................................... 48
3. Clothing: .................................................................................................. 53
4. Recreation, sports, and other leisure activities:................................... 56
5. Social security: ........................................................................................ 58
6. Healthcare................................................................................................ 58
VII. Language: .......................................................................................................... 59
3. Dialects ..................................................................................................... 60
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VIII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION .............................................................. 61

B. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 63
I. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 63
II. Population ............................................................................................................. 63
1. Total ......................................................................................................... 63
2. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONAGE .......................................... 63
3. ECONOMIC STATISTICS AND ACTIVITY .................................... 68
III. DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ................... 86
1. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................ 86
2. Technological skills of the labor force .................................................. 86
IV.Channels of distribution (macro analysis)................................................... 87
1.Dealerships ............................................................................................... 87
2.Warehousing ............................................................................................ 88
V. MEDIA ................................................................................................................... 89
1. MEDIA ACCESIBILITY ...................................................................... 89
2. NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER FORMS OF PRINTED MEDIA ...... 90
3. RADIO AND TELEVION ..................................................................... 90
4. NEW MEDIA AND THE INTERNET ................................................. 92
C. MARKET AUDIT AND COMPETITIVE MARKET ANALYSIS........ 93
I.INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 93
II.THE PRODUCT................................................................................................... 94
1. Evaluate the product as an innovation as it is perceived by the
intended market .......................................................................................... 96
2. Major problems and resistances to product acceptance based on the
preceding evaluation ................................................................................... 98
III. THE MARKET.................................................................................................. 98
1. DESCRIBE THE MARKETS IN WHICH THE PRODUCT IS TO 98
BE SOLD ..................................................................................................... 98
IV. SOURCES OF INFORMATION................................................................ 112
D. PRELIMINARY MARKETING PLAN .................................................. 112
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I . Company .............................................................................................................. 112

1. Vision...................................................................................................... 112
2.Mission .................................................................................................... 112
3. Core value .............................................................................................. 112
4. Overall.................................................................................................... 112
5. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 117
6. SALES FORECAST YEARS: ............................................................. 117
7. PROFIT FORECAST YEARS: .......................................................... 117
II. MARKETING OBJECTIVES ...................................................................... 118
1. SWOT .................................................................................................... 119
2. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES..................................................... 122
3. MARKETING MIX (4P) ..................................................................... 122
4. METHODS OF PAYMENT ............................................................... 128
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A.CULTURAL ANALYSIS
I.Introduction:
United Kingdom
United Kingdom, island country located off the northwestern coast of mainland
Europe. The United Kingdom comprises the whole of the island of Great
Britain—which contains England, Wales, and Scotland—as well as the northern
portion of the island of Ireland. The name Britain is sometimes used to refer to
the United Kingdom as a whole. The capital is London, which is among the
world’s leading commercial, financial, and cultural centers. Other major cities
include Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester in England, Belfast and
Londonderry in Northern Ireland, Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland, and
Swansea and Cardiff in Wales.
VINFAST
VinFast is a subsidiary of Vingroup - the largest private enterprise in Vietnam.
VinFast is connected from a series of abbreviations of the words: Vietnam -
Style - Safety - Creativity - Pioneer with the meaning of honoring Vietnamese
brand cars. On September 2, 2017, Vingroup started construction of the
VINFAST automobile production complex project at Dinh Vu - Cat Hai
economic zone (Hai Phong). With European and American standard technology,
and a team of leading experts in the world, VINFAST opens up a new future for
the motor industry in Vietnam; officially launched the 7th core business of
Vingroup.
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VINFAST's goal is to become the leading automobile manufacturer in Southeast

Asia with a design capacity of up to 500,000 vehicles/year by 2025, the main
products are cars with internal combustion engines and cars with engines. eco-
friendly electric scooters and electric scooters.
Vinfast Vf8 Eco ( Vf e35 ):

After the positive feedback from Vietnamese experts and customers about the
first electric car model VF e34, VinFast continued to introduce more new
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products and officially opened for sale 2 electric SUVs of class D and E at the
event. VinFast Global EV Day in early January 2022.
VinFast VF 8 - the new name of the VinFast VF e35 electric car series was first
introduced at the Los Angeles Auto Show 2021 and announced to be officially
open for sale globally on January 6, 2022 within the framework of the Vietnam
Exhibition. Consumer Electronics Show CES 2022 (Las Vegas, USA). This is a
mid-size D-class electric SUV manufactured by VinFast, marking a new step in
the strategy of becoming a pure electric car company from the end of 2022.
VinFast has cooperated with a series of well-known international partners in the
fields of vehicle design (Pininfarina), battery production (Prologium - Taiwan;
Storedot - Israel;...), digital technology development (Cerence - Taiwan).
America;...) and technology companies of Vingroup such as VinAI,
VinBigData,... to bring a world-class smart, modern and luxurious electric car.
VinFast has "introduced" 2 Eco and Plus versions of VF 8 which are similar in
size and safety technology but have differences in battery system, engine and
vehicle amenities. In addition, the mid-sized SUV model has an upgrade in the
engine system as well as driver assistance technology and intelligent features
compared to the VF e34 and previous gasoline models to meet the needs of
Vietnamese customers South and abroad.
Since its launch, the VinFast VF 8 D-class electric SUV with 2 versions of Eco
and Plus has created a fever in the domestic and international markets.In
particular, VinFast VF8 Eco is a low-end version aimed at customers who want
to experience something new on an electric vehicle, but financial conditions are
not too comfortable. VinFast VF8 will be a fierce competitor of Hyundai Santa
Fe, KIA Sorento or Mazda CX-8… in the domestic market.
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II. Brief discussion of the country's relevant history

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland includes 4
countries: England (England, the capital of London, population 51,446,000
people), the Land of Gan (Wales, the capital Cardiff, population 2,993,000
people), Scotland -len (Scotland, capital of Edinburgh, population 5,169,000)
and Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland, capital Belfast, population 1,775,000);
Each country has its own history and culture.
England has had a unified institution since the 10th century. The unification
between England and Wales began in 1284 with the Act of Rhuddlan, and in
1536 was formalized with the Act of Unity. In another Act of Unification in
1707, England and Scotland united permanently to form Great Britain. Legal
union between Great Britain and Ireland was made in 1801, and adopted the
name of the United Kingdom. The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 formally
recognized part of Ireland; The six northern provinces of Ireland became part of
Great Britain and became known as Northern Ireland. In 1927 the name Great
Britain was adopted.
*Milestones in history:
43-409: Roman occupation
450: Norse invasion and formation of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
597: Beginning of the Christian invasion
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789: Beginning of the Crusades Viking attack 1017-1042: Reign of the Danish
Vikings
1066: Normans invade, introduce French into English nobility
1337: The Hundred Years' War between England and France begins
1547: Protestantism becomes the National Religion in England
1707: Acts of Unification of England and Scotland 1760-1830: Industrial
Revolution in England 1775-1783 : Failure in the American Colonial War 1800:
British and Northern Irish Union Act
1947: With India and Pakistan gaining independence, the British Empire begins
to break down
1973: Britain joins the EEC (now known as the EEC) European Union-EU)
III. Geographical setting
1.Geographical location:
- Location: The island nation is located in Western Europe, between the
North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea.
- Total area: 243,610km2 (land area 241,930km2; sea area 1,680km2)
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2.Climate:
The UK has a temperate climate, with abundant rainfall year-round.
Temperatures vary with the seasons, but rarely drop below 0⁰C or rise above
32ºCC. Winters in the UK are made warmer by the North Atlantic Current.
Summers in the UK are the hottest in the southeast of England, due to the
region's proximity to mainland Europe, while the north is cooler. In the UK, it
usually snows in winter and early spring. The weather is driest in the east and
warmest in the south.
The Spring in UK The Summer in UK
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The Autumn in UK The Winner in UK
3.Topography:
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Much of the UK's terrain is lowlands interspersed with mountains. England

(England) occupies more than half of the total area of the United Kingdom,
covering 130,395 square kilometers. Wales occupies one tenth of the total area
of the United Kingdom, covering an area of 20,779 square kilometers. Scotland
occupies a third of the total area of the United Kingdom, covering 78,772 square
kilometers. Northern Ireland is located in the northeast of the island of Ireland,
accounting for 1/6 of the island's area.
IV) Social institutions:
1.Family:
a)The nuclear family:
There were about 8.2 million families with children in the UK in 2021, the
study found. Sixty-three percent were married couples, 14% were cohabiting
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couples, and 23% lone-parent families (compared with an average 13% in

Europe) .
b)The extended family:

According to research from Aviva,* a third of UK households are now
multigenerational, mainly due to adult children living with parents.
c) Dynamics of the family:

*Parental roles:
According to the Children Act 1989, Section 3, parental responsibility means
"all the rights, duties, powers, responsibilities and authority which by law a
parent of a child has in relation to the child and his property."Section 2 states
that if the mother and father are married to each other at the time of birth, both
acquire parental responsibility, otherwise, the mother automatically acquires it
and the father has three ways of acquiring it: a) he becomes registered as the
child's father according to specific paragraphs or sub-paragraphs in the Births
and Deaths Registration Act 1953, the Registration of Births, Deaths and
Marriages (Scotland) Act 1965, or the Births and Deaths Registration (Northern
Ireland) Order 1976 (b)he and the child's mother make a parental responsibility
agreement in which he acquires parental responsibility for the child or (c)the
court orders that he shall have parental responsibility for the child.This act also
states the process for second female parents and step-parents, to acquire parental
responsibility as well as the appointment of guardians. A court can only appoint
a guardian to a child who has no parent with parental responsibility for him/her
or if the individual with whom a child was to live according to an applicable
child arrangement order has died.
Parental responsibility cannot be transferred or surrendered, completely or in
part. Individuals may delegate the responsibility to someone else but this doesn't
mean that they aren't responsible anymore. In other words, they would still be
liable for the child.
*Marriage :
In 1991, when the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) first started, family
life in the UK had already experienced fundamental changes. The traditional
family structure of the married, two parent family had been in decline since the
1970s and 1980s and children were increasingly being raised in lone parent and
‘blended’ families. In the quarter of the century that the Study has been
following couples with children, family structure has continued to shift.
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Marriage, for example, is much less common, the proportion of married mothers
fell by 15 percentage points over 25 years, to 62 per cent in 2015/16, while the
share of cohabiting mothers almost trebled to 14 per cent.
d) Female/male roles (changing or static?)

- Female roles:
In the 1950s, the women were the homemakers. They had to have dinner,
tidy up and take care of the children before their husbands came home
from work.
In the present, feminist and gender equality movements appear. The role
of women has also changed, they can go to work, participate in social
activities, and have a political voice.
- Male roles:
In the 1950s, the men were the breadwinners. They had the right to
decide everything in the family.
In the present, the role of men and women is the same, they both go to
work and generate income. The man can also share the housework with
his wife when he has time.
2.Education:
a) The role of education in society:
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In the UK, all children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school, either
public or private. Initially a kindergarten, a primary school, then a secondary
school, also known as a mixed high school, with many different programs and
learning times. Children between the ages of 7 and 13 attend boarding schools,
or middle schools, and move on to high school when they are 11 to 13 years old.
Students will take a variety of subjects to prepare for. exam for the Certificate of
Secondary Education (GCSE) or Scottish Standard Grade certificate at the age
of 16. After finishing these courses, students can continue to study for an A-
level (A-level) certificate, study pre-university or study for 2 years (optional) at
schools in the direction of vocational training arts or so-called "6th form"
schools before entering college.
Normally studying at university in the UK is 3 years, students will receive a

Bachelor's degree in social sciences (BA) for subjects such as languages, arts,
social sciences; Bachelor of Science (BSC) for science subjects and Bachelor of
Engineering (BEng) for engineering and technology related disciplines.
There are more than 20,000 postgraduate training courses in the UK in a wide
range of subjects, courses are usually short in duration, from nine months to two
years. Master of Principles (Mphil), Master of Social Sciences (MA) and
Research Science (MSc) programs can last from 1 to 3 years. A PhD is a
research program of 3 years or more.
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b) Literacy rates:
The UK's high literacy rate (99%) is due to the introduction of universal public
education to primary school in 1870 and secondary school in 1900. Around one
in five UK students attend school. post-secondary education. The Church of
England and the Church of Scotland function as respective National Churches in
their respective countries.
3.Political system :
a) Political structure :
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The UK is a constitutional monarchy, this means that a monarch acts as Head of

State, the current monarch is King Charles III. The UK is a parliamentary
democracy where the elected British Government, the head of which is the
Prime Minister, holds executive power, currently Liz Truss is the head of
government. Executive power is exercised by the British government, on behalf
of and by the consent of the monarch, and the devolved governments of
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Legislative power is vested in the two
chambers of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Commons and
the House of Lords, as well as in the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh
parliaments.
King Charles III Prime Minister Liz Truss

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Although the British government has central power, a certain amount of

political power has been devolved to the regional governments in Scotland,
Wales, and Northern Ireland. Both Scotland and Wales established their own
devolved parliaments in 1999. Northern Ireland has had its own devolved
assembly since 1972. The UK Prime Minister is the head of the central
government, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have their own heads of
government called First Ministers. These are leaders or representatives of the
parties with the most seats in government. Nicola Sturgeon, leader of the
Scottish National Party, has been First Minister of Scotland since 2014. Mark
Drakeford, leader of Welsh Labor, has been First Minister of Wales since 2018.
Northern Ireland has joint heads of government under the terms of the Good
Friday Agreement. Paul Givan of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) has
been First Minister since June 2021. Michelle O’Neill of Sinn Fein has been
Deputy First Minister since 2020.
b) Political parties :
- Unionist and Conservative Party (David Cameron)
- Democratic Unity Party (Northern Ireland) (Peter Robinson)
- Labor Party (Gordon Brown)
- Liberal Democrats (Nick Clegg)
- Welsh Party (Plaid Cymru) ) (Ieuan Wyn Jones)
- Scottish National Party or SNP (Alex Salmond)
- Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) (Gerry Adams)
- Labor and Social Democratic Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) (Mark
Durkan)
- Union Party Most Ulster (Northern Ireland) (Sir Reg Empey)
c) Stability of government :
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In the context of a stagnant economy and rising inflation in the UK; the cost of
living crisis puts millions at risk of poverty this winter, and the possibility of a
bad trade war with the European Union (EU) has been Mr. Johnson's credibility
outside of parliament also seriously diminished.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson was finally forced to resign on July 7 after
more than 50 Conservative members left the government to protest his
leadership.
After a 7-week race with 12 campaign rounds, on September 6, the UK will
officially have the 56th prime minister and the 3rd female prime minister in
history. With a predicted victory, Ms. Liz Truss is carrying on her shoulders
many expectations of the UK people, who are tired of the economic crisis in the
country at this time.
d) Special taxes :
e) Role of local government :

Local government levels in the UK have very wide powers:
- The London and regional governments have the power to develop strategic
plans for regional development, traffic management, city police, fire prevention
and fighting. , the borough government of London has the power to manage
housing, garbage collection, tax collection, administration of education,
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libraries, social services, consumer protection, ownership or use of property ,

cemetery management and burial services;
+ The metropolitan county government has the power to manage housing,
garbage collection, local rentals, county police management, fire protection,
education management, library, social services, transportation. , local planning,
consumer protection, issuance of certificates of ownership, use of property,
cemetery management and burial services;
+ Rural county governments have similar authority;
+ Unitary authorities (a level of local government) have the power to manage
housing, garbage collection, local taxes, administration of education, libraries,
social services, local planning, and maintenance. consumer protection; issue
licenses for property ownership, cemetery management and burial services,
local police management and fire prevention and fighting.
4.Legal system :
a) Organization of the judiciary system
England and Wales share a unified court system, based on common law
principles, which originated in medieval England. Scotland and Northern
Ireland each have their own judicial systems. The court system in Northern
Ireland closely resembles that of England and Wales, while the Scottish court
system is a hybrid model that combines elements of both common law and civil
law systems.
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In England and Wales, most civil cases are heard in the County Court. Many
specialist tribunals have been created to resolve particular types of civil
disputes, such as those involving taxation and employment, as well as
immigration and asylum cases. All criminal cases originate in the Magistrates'
Court, but more serious offenses are referred to the Crown Court.
The High Court functions as both a court of first instance for high value civil
claims and as an appellate court for civil and criminal cases. It consists of three
divisions: the Queen's Bench, the Chancery Division, and the Family Division.
The Court of Appeal functions solely as an appellate chamber. The Civil
Division hears appeals from the High Court and the County Court, and the
Criminal Division hears appeals from the Crown Court.
b) Code, common, socialist, or Islamic-law country?
There are 33 distinct legal jurisdictions in the United Kingdom: England and
Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Each has its own legal system, distinct
history and origins.
There is a substantial overlap between these three legal systems and the three
legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom: England and Wales, Scotland, and
Northern Ireland. Unlike the other three, Welsh law is not a separate legal
system per se, merely the primary and secondary legislation generated by the
Senedd, interpreted in accordance with the doctrines of English law and not
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impacting upon English common law (except where such Welsh legislation
ousts a common law rule by virtue of being a superior form of law).
The UK does not have a single legal system because it was created by the
political union of previously independent countries. Article 19 of the Treaty of
Union, put into effect by the Acts of Union in 1707, created the Kingdom of
Great Britain but guaranteed the continued existence of Scotland's and
England's separate legal systems. The Acts of Union of 1800, which joined
Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
contained no equivalent provisions but preserved the principle of different
courts to be held in Ireland, of which the part called Northern Ireland continues
to follow as part of the United Kingdom.
England and Wales operate a common law system which combines the passing
of legislation but also the creation of precedents through case law. The laws are
established by the passing of legislation by Parliament which consists of the
‘Monarch’, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of
Commons is directly elected by the people and the Prime Minister is
traditionally a member of this House. The Court System and case law are
controlled by the judiciary which is completely separate to Parliament.
c) Participation in patents, trademarks, and other conventions
The UK legal system provides a high level of intellectual property rights (IPR)
protection and enforcement mechanisms. The UK is a member of the World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It is also a member of the major
intellectual property protection agreements: the Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the Paris Convention for the
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Protection of Industrial Property, the Universal Copyright Convention, the

Geneva Phonograms Convention, and the Patent Cooperation Treaty. The UK
has signed and enshrined into UK law the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and
WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), known as the internet
treaties.The Intellectual Property Office (IPO) is the official UK government
body responsible for intellectual property rights including patents, designs,
trademarks, and copyright. Its website contains comprehensive information on
UK law and practice.
5. Social organizations:
a) Group behavior.
● Complaining
Brits love to complain. They will happily moan to one another about bad
weather and overpriced food. They’re not, however, as accomplished at
complaining when they have an actual problem with a product or receive poor
service. When they do, they do it in an apologetic way. You’ll find Brits are
polite even when they are actually complaining!
● Queuing
Brits across the UK will often be seen forming neat and tidy queues. Whether at
the supermarket, train station or a concert, they will be awaiting their turn at the
front. The worst mistake one can commit is queue-jumping – pushing ahead in
the line. This will always be met with disapproval from those who have been
waiting patiently.
● Being polite
Saying “please” and “thank you” are two important things to always remember
in British etiquette. It doesn’t matter who you’re speaking to, politeness and
good manners are always welcome.
● Table manners
Table manners vary all over the world. From slurping to burping, each country
has different ideas about how one should act during a meal. Although formal
occasions have their own rules, you should remember to eat at a relaxed pace,
put your cutlery down between bites and never talk with your mouth full.
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A brief picture guide to British table etiquette.

● Tipping
Sometimes even Brits find it difficult to know how much to tip a server in cafes
and restaurants, or if they should tip at all. Always check your bill after your
meal. If it reads “service not included” then this means that you can leave a tip
for the person that served you and the amount is at your discretion. If the service
was good, it is customary to add an extra ten per cent on top of the bill total.
Many Brits tip taxi drivers and hairdressers too, but the exact amount is the
customer’s preference.
● Using mobile phones in public
Mobile phones might be part of daily life but it’s still important to observe some
unwritten etiquette about handheld devices. Using a mobile phone at the dinner
table is considered impolite, as is speaking loudly when making a call,
especially on public transport.
● Good sportsmanship
Nobody, the adage goes, likes a bad loser. Sulking, arguing or complaining if
you have lost at any form of competition is considered poor manners. Whether
you’ve been outdone on the sports pitch or exceeded in the classroom,
congratulate your opponent with good grace, no matter how upset you feel
underneath.
● Drunkenness
Depending on the situation, consuming alcohol is often fraught with dos and
don’ts. Moderation is always advisable. And if you have consumed one drink
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too many – try to avoid aggression, over-emotion or impoliteness. Yes, that

means no crying!
● Chivalry
Chivalry and traditional etiquette guidelines still stand. For instance, holding a
door open for a lady and standing up when one enters the room for the first time
are still considered good manners for the men of Britain.
● Apologising
No guide to etiquette would be complete without mentioning the Brits’ love of
apologizing. Although one would expect to say sorry for stepping on a
shopper’s toe or bumping into a passer-by, many will be surprised to find that
when two Brits engage in a stand-off, both will offer their apologies for being in
the other’s way. They don’t care who is at fault. Apologizing is a default
reaction to many of life’s little incidents. This is a quirk Brits are famed for!
b) Social classes:
Today, the UK's social system is divided into 7 classes:
- Elite: Members of the elite score very highly in economic, social, and
cultural categories.
- Established middle class: This group also scores high in all categories and
half of the members have a university education.
- Technical middle class: A new class group characterized by a high
economic score but lower social and cultural scores.
- New affluent workers: A younger group with medium economic power
but much greater social and cultural understanding.
- Traditional working class: The oldest group score low in all categories
but have economic capital from owning their houses.
- Emergent service workers: The youngest group and the highest
proportion of ethnic minorities. Members tend to live in the city. They are
comparatively poor but score highly on social and cultural awareness.
- Precariat: The ‘precarious’ proletariat scores low in all three categories:
economic, social, and cultural.
c) Clubs, other organizations
d) Race, ethnicity, and subcultures
The United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse society. The largest ethnic group
in the United Kingdom is White British, followed by Asian British.The 2011
UK Census classified ethnicity into several groups: White, Black, Asian, Mixed,
Chinese and Other.
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V. Religion and aesthetics
1.Religion and other belief systems

The United Kingdom, comprising England, Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland, guarantees freedom of religion to its citizens and residents through
three different regulations. One of these laws is the European Convention on
Human Rights, which guarantees the freedom to choose a religion. Although the
right to religious freedom is well established and practiced, some religious
priorities are still given by the government.
In the case of monarchies, for example, only Protestants can become kings or
queens (although they are now free to marry Catholics without losing their right
of succession to the throne). yellow). In addition, the Church of England is the
nation's state church, and the monarch is sworn to protect both the Church of
England and the Church of Scotland.
Residents of the United Kingdom follow a number of different faiths. Those
beliefs are discussed below.
● No Religion in the UK:
Non-alignment is a lack of religious belief and includes subcategories such as
atheism and agnosticism. Almost half (49%) of the UK population identify as
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non-religious. This number is one of the highest in Europe, although it follows a

secularized regional pattern.
Many researchers believe that the UK has entered a post-Christian era in which
the previously dominant Christian religion has given way to different values and
cultures. Of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom, England is the
least religious, followed by Scotland, Wales, and then Northern Ireland.
● Anglican Christianity:
UK Christianity is practiced in jurisdictions, such as the Church of England,
Church of Scotland, Church of Ireland and Church of Wales. In 1534, it split
from the Catholic church, spurring what is now known as the era of the English
Reformation. Historically, it was the majority Christian denomination in the
United Kingdom. Today, 17% of the population identify as Anglican.
● Other Non-Catholic Christians:
Besides Anglicanism and Catholicism, other Christian beliefs are practiced by
17% of the British population. A few of these denominations include Non-
Anglican Protestants, Orthodox Christians, Presbyterians, Methodists, and
Baptists. Many Protestant churches in Scotland broke away from the Anglican
church, the Scottish Church, in the 19th century.
England and Wales began forming non-Anglican Protestant churches in the
1980s. Major Protestant denominations Second in Northern Ireland, Methodism
was introduced to England in the 18th century and today, there are about
290,000 members across Great Britain, but only 3,000 in Scotland. Church
attendance by all of these denominations is dwindling.
● Roman Catholic:
Catholicism has a long history in the United Kingdom. However, for nearly 200
years, from the 1500s until the 1700s, the Catholic church did not recognize the
British monarchy. During this time, Catholics were discriminated against, and
were barred from voting, joining Congress, and owning land. Today, 8% of the
UK population identifies as Catholic.
The majority of this religion is in Northern Ireland, where about 40% of the
population is Catholic, and it is the dominant religion around the interior areas
of Northern Ireland. In Scotland, about 15.9% of the population identifies as
Catholic. This figure drops significantly in England and Wales, where it is just
7.4%.
● Islam:
The percentage of the population that identifies as Muslim in the UK is 5%. The
majority of these followers live in England and Wales, where they make up 3%
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of the population. They make up just 0.8% of the population in Scotland and in
Northern Ireland there are less than 2,000 Muslims. While these numbers are
small, they grew 10 times faster than the population between 2001-2009.
● Other religions:
About 3% of the population practices some other religion not listed above.
These religions include Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Sikhism and the Baha'i
Faith. Indian and Eastern religions in the UK are growing in size as immigrants
continue to arrive from English-speaking areas, particularly former British
colonies, in South and East Asia.
2.Aesthetics
a) Visual arts (fine arts, plastics, graphics, public art, colors, etc.)
The Art of the United Kingdom refers to all forms of visual art in or associated
with the United Kingdom since the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain
in 1707 and encompasses English art, Scottish art, Welsh art and Irish art, and
forms part of Western art history.
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Early 18th century, Britain began to reclaim the leading place England had
previously played in European art during the Middle Ages, being especially
strong in portraiture and landscape art. Increased British prosperity at the time
led to a greatly increased production of both fine art and the decorative arts, the
latter often being exported. There are many famous painters: Thomas Hudson,
William Hogarth, Godfrey Kneller,... With many famous portraits:
Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet By Godfrey Kneller, 1716
William Hogarth, Marriage A-la-Mode (Hogarth), c. 1743-45
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Thomas Hudson, Portrait of John Byng, 1749
Late 18th century, English art from about 1750–1790 — today referred to as the
"classical age" of English painting — was dominated by Sir Joshua Reynolds
(1723–1792), George Stubbs (1724–1806), Thomas Gainsborough (1727–1788)
and Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797).
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Thomas Gainsborough, The Blue Boy, 1770
Joseph Wright of Derby, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump, 1768
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Sir Joshua Reynolds, The Age of Innocence, 1785–88
The 19th century and the Romantics, characterized by the Romantic movement
in British art includes Joseph Wright of Derby, James Ward, Samuel Palmer,
Richard Parkes Bonington, John Martin and was perhaps the most radical period
in British art, also producing William Blake (1757–1827), John Constable
(1776–1837) and J.M.W. Turner (1775–1851), the later two being arguably the
most internationally influential of all British artists.
John Constable, Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, 1831
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J. M. W. Turner, The Rigi, 1842

Victoria art, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) achieved considerable
influence after its foundation in 1848 with paintings that concentrated on
religious, literary, and genre subjects executed in a colorful and minutely
detailed style, rejecting the loose painterly brushwork of the tradition
represented by "Sir Sloshua" Reynolds. PRB artists included John Everett
Millais, William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and Ford Madox Brown
(never officially a member), and figures such as Edward Burne-Jones and John
William Waterhouse were later much influenced by aspects of their ideas, as
was the designer William Morris.
Ophelia, by John Everett Millais, 1851-52
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Lord Leighton, 1855, Cimabue's celebrated Madonna is carried in Procession

through the Streets of Florence, 222 × 521 cm
The 20th century, the American John Singer Sargent was the most successful
London portraitist at the start of the 20th century, with John Lavery, Augustus
John and William Orpen rising figures. John's sister Gwen John lived in France,
and her intimate portraits were relatively little appreciated until decades after
her death. British attitudes to modern art were "polarized" at the end of the 19th
century.Modernist movements were both cherished and vilified by artists and
critics; Impressionism was initially regarded by "many conservative critics" as a
"subversive foreign influence", but became "fully assimilated" into British art
during the early-20th century.The Irish artist Jack Butler Yeats (1871–1957),
was based in Dublin, at once a romantic painter, a symbolist and an
expressionist.
John Duncan Fergusson, People and Sails at Royan, 1910
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Roger Fry, River with Poplars, c. 1912
Contemporary art, post-modern, contemporary British art, particularly that of

the Young British Artists, has been said to be "characterized by a fundamental
concern with material culture ... perceived as a post-imperial cultural anxiety".
The annual Turner Prize, founded in 1984 and organized by the Tate, has
developed as a highly publicized showcase for contemporary British art. Among
the beneficiaries have been several members of the Young British Artists
(YBA) movement, which includes Damien Hirst, Rachel Whiteread, and Tracey
Emin, who rose to prominence after the Freeze exhibition of 1988, with the
backing of Charles Saatchi and achieved international recognition with their
version of conceptual art. This often featured installations, notably Hirst's
vitrine containing a preserved shark. The Tate gallery and eventually the Royal
Academy also gave them exposure. The influence of Saatchi's generous and
wide-ranging patronage was to become a matter of some controversy, as was
that of Jay Jopling, the most influential London gallerist.
b) Music
Throughout the history of the British Isles, the land that is now the United
Kingdom has been a major music producer, drawing inspiration from church
music and traditional folk music, using instruments of England, Scotland,
Northern Ireland, and Wales. Each of the four countries of the United Kingdom
has its own diverse and distinctive folk music forms, which flourished until the
era of industrialization when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular
music, including music halls and brass bands. Many British musicians have
influenced modern music on a global scale, and the UK has one of the world's
largest music industries. English, Scottish, Irish, and Welsh folk music as well
as other British styles of music directly influenced American music such as
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American folk music, American march music, old-time music, ragtime, blues,
country music, and bluegrass. The UK has birthed many popular music genres
such as beat music, power pop, psychedelic music, progressive rock and
progressive pop, heavy metal, new wave, and electropop to name a few.
● Classical Music
Music in the British Isles, from the earliest recorded times until the Baroque and
the rise of recognisably modern classical music, was a diverse and rich culture,
including sacred and secular music and ranging from the popular to the elite.
Each of the major nations of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales retained
unique forms of music and of instrumentation, but British music was highly
influenced by continental developments, while British composers made an
important contribution to many of the major movements in early music in
Europe, including the polyphony of the Ars Nova and laid some of the
foundations of later national and international classical music.Musicians from
the British Isles also developed some distinctive forms of music, including
Celtic chant, the Contenance Angloise, the rota, polyphonic votive antiphons
and the carol in the medieval era.
Church music and religious music were profoundly affected by the Protestant
Reformation which affected Britain from the 16th century, which curtailed
events associated with British music and forced the development of distinctive
national music, worship and belief. English madrigals, lute ayres and masques
in the Renaissance era led particularly to English language opera developed in
the early Baroque period of the later seventeenth century.In contrast, court
music of the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, although having
unique elements remained much more integrated into wider European culture.
British chamber and orchestral music drew inspiration from continental Europe
as it developed into modern classical music. The Baroque era in British music
can be seen as one of an interaction of national and international trends,
sometimes absorbing continental fashions and practices and sometimes
attempting, as in the creation of ballad opera, to produce an indigenous
tradition. Such composers as Arthur Sullivan, Gustav Holst, Edward Elgar,
Hubert Parry, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten,Michael Tippett,
Peter Maxwell Davies and Harrison Birtwistle.
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● Folk music
Each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has its own diverse and
distinctive folk music forms. Folk music flourished until the era of
industrialisation when it began to be replaced by new forms of popular music,
including music hall and brass bands. Realization of this led to three folk
revivals, one in the late-19th century, one in the mid-20th century and one at the
start of the 21st century which keeps folk music as an important sub-culture
within society. England has a long and diverse history of folk music dating back
at least to the medieval period and including many forms of music, song and
dance. Ireland, including Northern Ireland, has vibrant folk traditions. The
popularity of traditional instruments such as fiddles has remained throughout
the centuries even as analogues in Great Britain died out. Perhaps the most
famous modern musician from Northern Ireland influenced by folk tradition is
Van Morrison. Scottish folk music includes many kinds of songs, including
ballads and laments, sung by a single singer with accompaniment by bagpipes,
fiddles or harps. Traditional dances include waltzes, reels, strathspeys and jigs.
Wales is a Celtic country that features folk music played at twmpath (communal
dances) and gwyl werin (music festivals). Welsh music also includes male voice
choirs and songs accompanied by a harp.
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Waltzes dance in Scotland

● Early British popular music
In the sense of commercial music enjoyed by the people, British popular music
can be seen to originate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with the
arrival of the broadside ballad, which were sold cheaply and in great numbers
until the nineteenth century. Further technological, economic and social changes
led to new forms of music in the 20th century, including the brass band, which
produced a popular and communal form of classical music. Similarly, the music
hall sprang up to cater for the entertainment of new urban societies, adapting
existing forms of music to produce popular songs and acts. In the 1930s, the
influence of American Jazz led to the creation of British dance bands, who
provided a social and popular music that began to dominate social occasions
and the radio airwaves.
● Modern British popular music
In the 20th century, influences from the music of the United States, including
blues, jazz, and rock and roll, were adopted in the United Kingdom. The
"British Invasion"—spearheaded by Liverpool band the Beatles, often regarded
as the most influential band of all time saw British rock bands become highly
influential around the world in the 1960s and 1970s. Pop music, a term which
originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for "rock and roll and the
new youth music styles that it influenced", was developed by British artists like
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the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, whom among other British musicians led
rock and roll's transition into rock music.
During most of the 1990s, Cool Britannia is a

period of increased pride in the culture of the United Kingdom, inspired by the
1960s Swinging Sixties was coined due to the success of the girl band Spice
Girls and Britpop acts Blur and Oasis, which led to a renewed feeling of
optimism in the United Kingdom following the pessimistic tone of the 1970s
and 1980s.The electronic subgenres trip hop, dubstep, and industrial originated
in Britain during the 1990s. During the 21st century, blue-eyed soul came to be
dominated by British singers, including Amy Winehouse, Duffy, Ed Sheera and
most notably Adele, who has broken several sales and chart records.
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Adele Ed Sheeran
c) Drama, ballet, and other performing arts
● Drama
Dramatic art was developed as early as the 17th century in Great Britain.
William Shakespeare is a famous playwright of the world with works such as
Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, …
● Ballet
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In the mid 19th century, the audience for ballet expanded rapidly as dancing
became an essential ingredient of popular entertainment and vaudeville. This
was the age of the humble, downtrodden ‘ballet girl’. But it was also the time of
feisty, creative women like Katti Lanner and Albina de Rhona, who
choreographed and directed ballets for an enormous audience of ordinary men
and women.
d) Folklore and relevant symbols

UK folklore constitutes the folklore of Britain, and includes topics such as the
region's legends, recipes, and folk beliefs. British folklore includes English
folklore, Irish folklore, Scottish folklore and Welsh folklore.
- English folklore consists of the myths and legends of England, including
the English region's mythical creatures, traditional recipes, urban legends,
proverbs, superstitions, and folktales. Its cultural history is rooted in
Celtic, Christian, and Germanic folklore. During the Renaissance in the
16th century, England looked to more European texts to develop a
national identity. English folklore has continued to differ according to
region, although there are shared elements across the country. Its folktales
include the traditional Robin Hood tales and the Brythonic-inspired
Arthurian legend, and their stories often contained a moral imperative
stemming from Christian values. The folktales, characters and creatures
are often derived from aspects of English experience, such as topography,
architecture, real people, or real events.
- Irish folklore refers to the folktales, balladry, music, dance, and so forth,
ultimately, all of folk culture.Irish folklore, when mentioned to many
people, conjures up images of banshees, fairies, leprechauns and people
gathering around, sharing stories. Many tales and legends were passed
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from generation to generation, so were the dances and songs in the

observing of important occasions such as weddings, wakes, birthdays and
holidays or, handcraft traditions. All of the above can be considered as a
part of folklore, as it is the study and appreciation of how people lived.
- Scottish folklore encompasses the folklore of the Scottish people from
their earliest records until today. Folklorists, both academic and amateur,
have published a variety of works focused specifically on the area over
the years. Some creatures of Scottish folklore are Loch Ness Monster,
brownies, bogles, kelpies, selkies, the wulver, the bean-nighe and the blue
men of the Minch.
- Welsh folklore is the collective term for the folklore of the Welsh people.
It encompasses topics related to Welsh mythology, but also include the
nation's folk tales, customs, and oral tradition.Welsh folklore is related to
Irish folklore and Scottish folklore from its Celtic traditions as well as
English folklore, but it shares most similarities with the Brythonic
cultures of Brittany and Cornwall.
VI. Living conditions:
1. Diet and nutrition:

a) Meat and vegetable consumption rate:
● Meat consumption rates:
Meat consumption trends largely follow economic conditions in the United

Kingdom. Household disposable income levels influence an individual's
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consumption choices. The price of meat also affects UK consumers'

consumption of meat. Over the five years through 2021-22, a significant
increase in diets that cut down on meat or eliminate meat completely is expected
to lead to a decline in meat consumption.The majority of households eat less
meat on a weekly basis, especially for more expensive cuts of meat. Lockdown
measures to combat the spread of the coronavirus led to a reduction in meat
consumption during the year. Despite this, meat consumption is expected to
decline by 1.7% in 2021-22.
● Vegetable consumption rates:

Vegetable consumption frequency 2021
According to new research, veganism may have gained popularity in some
circles, but the plant-based UK's overall vegetable consumption has fallen in the
last five years as austerity has squeezed household budgets. In January, 400,000
people followed a meat-free Veganuary diet, more than doubling the number
just two years ago and up from 23,000 in 2016. In addition, between 2015 and
2019, there was a 23% increase in ' meals consumed, according to the report.
b) Typical meals:
Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00, Lunch - 12:00 to 1:30 p.m., and Dinner
(sometimes called Supper) - The main meal. Eaten anytime between 6:30 and
8:00 a.m. Most people today have a small mid-day meal - usually sandwiches,
and some crisps and fruit. On Sundays the main meal is often eaten at midday
instead of in the evening.
● BREAKFAST
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The traditional English breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, fried

bread, baked beans and mushrooms. Now-a-days a typical English
breakfast is more likely to be a bowl of cereal, toast, orange juice and
coffee. In the winter many people will eat "porridge" or boiled oats.
● LUNCH
Sandwiches are also known as 'butty' or'sarnie' in some parts of the UK.
Many children at school and adults at work will have a "packed lunch".
This typically consists of a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit, and a drink.
● DINNER
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The evening meal is usually called "tea", "dinner", or "supper". A typical

British meal for dinner is "meat and two vegetable". The traditional meal
is rarely eaten nowadays, apart from on Sundays. Rice or pasta dishes are
now favoured as the "British Dinner".
● THE SUNNY ROAST DINNER
The most common joints are beef, lamb, or pork; chicken is also popular.
The gravy is poured over the meat and eaten with a hot white horseradish
sauce.
c) Malnutrition rates
Millions of people in the UK are at risk of the effects of malnutrition.
Malnutrition lengthens hospital stays, reduces quality of life and increases the
risk of developing other diseases. The cost of malnutrition in England alone was
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estimated to be £19.6 billion per year in 2011/12. The over-65s are more likely
than other groups to suffer from malnutrition. Reduced appetite and weight loss
have become regarded by some as a normal sign of getting older. COVID-19
will make many of these issues worse. That's why we joined the UK
Malnutrition Awareness and Prevention Network (MAPN).
d) Foods available
In terms of taste, British cuisine is not inferior to that of any other country in the
world. They always aim for simplicity and minimalism in each dish. Babartravel
can be listed as cheese, pies, casseroles, fried and pan-fried fish fillets. The two
main ingredients for the dish are usually fish and potatoes.
● Fish and chips - Traditional dish of British cuisine:
● Tea & cream cake - Typical culture of British cuisine:
● Yorkshire Pudding - A delicious cake that makes the highlight of British

cuisine
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● Apple pie - Breakthrough of British cuisine
● Bubble - A traditional dish of British cuisine that is indispensable during

new year
● Cucumberland sausage - the quintessence of British cuisine
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2. Housing:
a) Types of housing available:
There are more than 25 million residential properties throughout the United
Kingdom. From detached homes and flats to bungalows and cottages, you have
a host of amazing options at your disposal. What are the advantages of specific
properties? What does each have in store? How will price come into play?
● Detached Houses: The median price for a detached house (at the time that
this article was written) is £242,286. Associated with a greater degree of
privacy when compared to other variants, these units are often ideal
solutions for those who have children. If you want to know the worth of
your property, feel free to use our online house valuation tool at your
disposal.
● Semi-Detached Houses: The average cost of a semi-detached house in the

UK in 2018 was £225,674. These homes share at least one wall with an
existing structure that is separately owned. The only possible concern is
that they may not offer the same level of privacy
● Terraced Housing: These are some of the most well-known and iconic
housing types within the United Kingdom. Terraced houses are connected
by a single wall on either side; leading to a literal "row" of structures that
occupy a street. According to government figures compiled in January
2018, the average price for a terraced home is £194,167
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● End-of-Terrace Houses: An end-of-terrace house is similar to a terraced

house in that only one wall is shared with an adjacent structure. Such
houses are often found at the end of a road or on a cul-de-sac and are
slightly more expensive. Some studies have found that these structures
cost up to 18 per cent more than normal terraced homes
● Flats :Flats are one of the most well-known types of homes in the UK.
Often being offered as a series within a single building, flats are known
for their space-saving qualities and convenience. The average rental price
of a flat (taking into account both urban and rural locations) is
approximately £650.
● Converted Flats:Converted flats are often houses that have been split into
two sections; a top and bottom half. Large structures can be divided into
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multiple sections (such as individual bedroom-bathroom combinations)

which can be rented separately. The price of these locations fluctuates,
depending upon issues such as age, size and the cost of renting a section
out to a customer.
● Split-Level Flats: Split-level flats are generally the same overall size as
their standard counterparts. This is because their area is segmented into
an upper and lower half. Some duplexes can cost as little as £70,000 to
purchase while others are listed at well over £350,000.
● Studio Flats: Studio flats are known for their open-air design and they are
often chosen by individuals or young couples. These flats offer a kitchen,
living room and bathroom with only a minimum number of walls
separating each section. The average rental cost of a one-bedroom studio
flat in the United Kingdom is currently £600.
● Cottages: Cottages are known for their sturdy construction, thick walls
and traditional atmosphere. They can be one or two storeys high and the
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majority offer access to substantial gardens. Those who are looking to

purchase such a unit for an average price of £243,583. Some locations
will cost much more or substantially less.
● Bungalows: Bungalows are normally single-storey structures which are

detached from other nearby homes. The majority contain only a handful
of rooms although there might be extra space within an attic. According
to figures released in 2016, the average asking price for a two-bedroom
bungalow was £273,377.
● Mansions and Conservation Properties: Mansions and conservation

properties are some of the most sought-after properties in the UK. Often
known for their spacious nature and rich history, these structures are
centuries old. According to Foxtons, the average price for a property
within a Diamond Conservation area has fallen by 3.76 per cent to
£587,646.
b) Do most people own or rent?
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White British households had a higher rate of home ownership than most ethnic
minority households in England and Wales, according to the Office for National
Statistics (ONS) from 2011 to 2014, with 68% of White British households
owning a home.White British households are more likely to be homeowners
than all ethnic minority households combined, according to the Office for
National Statistics (ONS) in England. However, a higher percentage of White

British households in the North East own their home than other parts of the
country - this may be because of the small number of households surveyed.
c) Do most people live in one-family dwellings or with other families?
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In 2021, there will be 7.88 million households in the United Kingdom

composed of a couple with no children, according to the Office for National
Statistics (ONS). The most common type of household arrangement is couples
living with one or two dependent children at around 5.15 million.
3. Clothing:
a) National dress:
● Scottish National Dress: The kilt is one of the most famous national
costumes in the world. Some people consider it very bad luck to wear a
kilt in a tartan that does not belong to your family. Just to remind should
you visit Scotland - the men do not wear skirts - they wear kilts.
● Gentlemen: In the 18th Century, men wore stockings with garter flashes,
brogue shoes, a sporran and a bonnet to show their clan crest. Today
traditional dress for men in Scotland is a kilt with shirt, waistcoat and
jacket, tweed jacket and stockings. A bonnet is often worn displaying the
clan crest when it comes to women.
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● Ladies: In the Scottish Highlands, men wear kilts and women wear
dresses or pleated skirts with a light plaid or shawl of tartan material to
show they are part of the Highland clans.
● Welsh National Dress: Welsh National dress is relatively young and not
as famous as Scottish National dress. Still they do have a National
costume, but it's the way the ladies dress that is most well known. The
typical Welsh costume consists of a hat, made of black felt, with a high
crown and wide brim.
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● Irish National Dress:With the revival of Irish dancing, the traditional Irish
costume has become associated with the bright flamboyant costumes
worn by traditional Irish dancers. In ancient Ireland people were more
likely to be seen wearing 'leine' (Irish for shirt), trews and long cloaks
fastened with a brooch.
● English National Dress: The English don't really have a traditional

National Dress as such. There have been calls over the years to create a
costume, but as usual no-one can decide on what it should look like.
Henry VIII commissioned Van Dyck to create an English National
Costume, this also failed.
b) Types of clothing worn at work
Business casual is a workplace dress code that involves wearing clothes that are
more modern and casual, rather than strict and traditional. Business professional
dress codes typically include ensembles like a suit and tie or a trouser suit.
Business casual dress is a less formal version of this, like a solid-coloured
blouse with a blazer or a button-down shirt with trousers.
● Tops: Simple tops that cover your shoulders and the rest of your upper
body are typically best. You can also wear a jumper or jacket with a polo
shirt or blouse. If you're wearing a sleeveless blouse, consider wearing a
blazer or cardigan with it.
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● Bottoms: Choose trousers that match or complement your upper half.

These can be khakis, chinos, corduroys or dress slacks. Some workplaces
may allow denim trousers if you pair them with a suit jacket or blazer.
Slacks, knee-length skirts or other long trousers can keep you looking
professional.
● Shoes and socks:Many offices prefer closed-toe shoes, like ballet pumps,
loafers, courts or heels, while some allow you to wear sandals or peep-toe
classic shoes. You might also wear boots or dress trainers, plus various
other leather or canvas shoes. Running shoes or trainers may only be
accepted in certain workplaces or for certain occasions.
● Accessories: Accessories that are typically acceptable include
wristwatches, ties, handbags, belts, briefcases, scarves and certain kinds
of jewellery. If you have a leather bag of some sort and are wearing
leather shoes and belt, matching the colour is a good idea. Regarding
jewellery, it's typically best to keep the amount moderate and the style
discrete.
4. Recreation, sports, and other leisure activities:
a) Types available and in demand:

Professional and business services: One million more jobs in professional and
business services than before the pandemic. Many of these positions can be
remote. There are still many work-from-home options in customer service and
other areas. Visit Find a Remote Job to see what might be a good fit for you.
Health care: The number of health care jobs in the United States grew in July.
Most of the new jobs in July were in outpatient settings like medical offices and
clinics, but many were also in hospitals and nursing homes. You can get started
as a certified nursing assistant with a few months of training.
Retail trade: Retail jobs in stores and other retail trade businesses grew slightly
in August. Retail stores report that they are having trouble finding workers and
are offering higher starting wages and benefits. Most retail jobs are in person
and you can search for "retail" or the type of store you are interested in at Job
Finder.
Manufacturing: The manufacturing industry includes jobs that produce products
and equipment for commercial and personal products. Customer demand for
products continues to rise, and there are fewer people employed in
manufacturing today than before the pandemic.
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Transportation and warehousing: Transportation and warehousing is another

field where there are more jobs now than there were before the pandemic. Job
openings in this industry range from entry-level warehouse and fulfillment jobs
to logistics and operations manager positions. Commercial driving jobs require
a CDL license that can be earned in less than two months.
Leisure and hospitality:The number of people working in restaurants, bars, and
hotels changed from July to August. Employment in this field remains about 7
percent lower than it was in February 2020. It remains a good time to look for
jobs in the service industry. Learn more about this field in an overview video of
hospitality and tourism.
Construction: Construction jobs remained relatively stable in August, in both
residential and nonresidential construction. Explore architecture and
construction careers or learn more about the construction industry in this
overview video of architecture and construction. Visit the Job Finder to search
by keyword, business name, or job title to learn more about your local
construction job market.
Education: In August, employment in education increased slightly.To learn
more, watch the following videos: Overview of education and training or
Education and training careers. To find education jobs near you, use the Job
Finder.
b) Percentage of income spent on such activities:
The shares of weekly expenditure on recreation and culture in the United
Kingdom decreased significantly across all households in 2021 over the
previous financial year due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Between
April 2020 and March 2021, households in the sixth disposable income decile
group recorded the highest share. Over that period, such households spent an
average of 10.4 percent of their weekly spending on leisure and culture.
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5. Social security:
Through the payment of benefits, pensions, and tax credits, governments have
attempted to pursue multiple goals at the same time, sometimes overlapping,
sometimes conflicting. Government objectives have included:
- Poverty alleviation
- Income maintenance and replacement
- Income redistribution
- Aadditional costs (such as for disabilities and childcare)
- Compensation
Governments have also pursued broader economic and social goals through the
social security system, such as encouraging labor-force participation, providing
income stability and economic stimulus during downturns, and changing
behaviors.
6. Healthcare
The National Health Service or NHS was founded in 1946 and enacted in 1948.
Established under the principles of universality, free delivery, equity, and
central funding. It is one of the largest public health systems in the world
serving an average of 1 million people every 36 hours.
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● British National Health Service: The NHS was ranked number one on a
list of things that make people proud to be British – even beating out the
Queen! Part of this pride and emotional connection comes from the fact
that the NHS was founded just after World War II, when Britain was still
struggling economically.
● Costs of the UK Healthcare System: The NHS is supported by taxation.
The NHS receives about 18% of each person's income tax. This amounts
to approximately 4.5% of the average person's income. Nationally,
healthcare consumes 8.4% of the UK's gross domestic product.
VII. Language:
1. Official language:
The de facto official language of the United Kingdom is English, which

is spoken as the primary language of 95% of the UK population. Welsh
is the second most spoken language in the United Kingdom.
English: 92.02%
Poland: 1.04%
Punjabi: 0.53%
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Urdu: 0.52%
Bengali 0.42%
Gujarati: 0.42%
Arabic : 0.3%
Welsh : 0.02%
Other : 4.44%
2. Spoken versus written language:
Spoken language uses tone and pitch to improve understanding, while written
language uses layout and punctuation. Writing communicates across time and
space for as long as the medium exists and that particular language is
understood. Because written language is more complex, it requires punctuation,
which has no equivalent in spoken language.
3. Dialects
The earliest languages still spoken in the United Kingdom are two
forms of the Celtic language family: Goidelic (Irish, Manx, and
Scottish Gaelic) and Brythonic (Old Cornish and modern Welsh).
Despite ongoing restoration efforts, the Celtic language has always
been a minority language around the world.
- Welsh is the most widely spoken contemporary Celtic language,

spoken by roughly one-fifth of the Welsh population and in large
inland areas and regions facing the Irish Sea.
- Although it is still spoken in the North West highlands, Scottish
Gaelic is the most common language among residents of the
Outer Hebrides and Skye islands. Gaelic has long since ceased to
be the national language of Scotland, and even in the North West,
where it remains the language of religion, business, and social
movement, Gaelic is disappearing.
- Few people in Northern Ireland speak Irish. Similarly, Manx was
no longer spoken by any native speakers, despite the fact that by
the end of 1870, it was spoken by roughly half of the Isle of
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Man's population.
- The last Cornish people died in the 18th century.
VIII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom
#:~:text=The%20de%20facto%20official%20language,over%20th
e%20age%20of%20three
https://www.thoughtco.com/standard-british-english-1692136
https://www.ibisworld.com/uk/bed/total-meat-consumption/44069/
https://inews.co.uk/news/health/uk-vegetable-consumption-
veganism-plant-based-austerity-450569
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.st
atcdn.com%2FStatistic%2F1280000%2F1280510-blank-
754.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstati
stics%2F1280510%2Fvegetable-consumption-frequency-
uk%2F&tbnid=Ootn2MHWqA41iM&vet=12ahUKEwi4-
8KwrN36AhUIgJQKHWs8ARYQMygAegUIARC0AQ..i&docid=
sNtwEblYGO9gfM&w=754&h=560&q=vegetable%20consumptio
n%20rates%20in%20UK&ved=2ahUKEwi4-
8KwrN36AhUIgJQKHWs8ARYQMygAegUIARC0AQ
http://projectbritain.com/food/meals.htm
https://www.bda.uk.com/news-
campaigns/campaigns/malnutrition.html
https://www.propertypriceadvice.co.uk/moving-home/housing-
types-uk
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https://www.ethnicity-facts-
figures.service.gov.uk/housing/owning-and-renting/home-
ownership/latest#:~:text=63%25%20of%20households%20in%20
England%20were%20homeowners%20
https://www.ethnicity-facts-
figures.service.gov.uk/housing/owning-and-renting/home-
ownership/latest#:~:text=63%25%20of%20households%20in%20
England%20were%20homeowners%20
https://www.statista.com/statistics/961002/households-in-the-
united-kingdom-uk-by-type/
https://www.careeronestop.org/JobSearch/Plan/whats-in-
demand.aspx
https://www.statista.com/statistics/286204/recreation-and-culture-
share-of-household-spend-in-the-uk-by-disposable-income/
https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9535/
https://www.internationalinsurance.com/health/systems/uk.php
https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingd
om
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom
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B. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
I. Introduction
The United Kingdom was the world's first industrialized country. Here, in the
mid-18th century, the "old" agricultural production-based economy gave way
for the first time to the development of factories. Inventions such as the steam
engine, the spinning machine, the locomotive and the railroad, and the improved
methods of steelmaking… marked the beginning of a modern industrial era.
Until now, due to many objective and subjective factors, the UK is no longer
leading, but overall it is still one of the top developed economies in the world.
Along with the US, Japan, Canada, Germany, France, Italy and Russia, the UK
is one of the world's top eight industrialized nations (G8).
Following the general trend of the world, the exploitation and use of renewable
and environmentally friendly energy sources are increasingly encouraged by the
UK government, so far, the UK has gradually turned to use more than other
energy sources such as natural gas (providing nearly 40% of the country's
electricity), nuclear power (nearly 20% of electricity output)... Atomic power
plants are located in remote coastal regions of the Northeast, along the southern
coast, East Anglia and the Bristol Channel.
II. Population
1. Total
As of 31 December 2021, the UK population is estimated at 68,353,709
2. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONAGE
2.1 AGE
Age structure: 0-14 years: 17.63% (male 5,943,435/female 5,651,780)
● 15-24 years: 11.49% (male 3,860,435/female 3,692,398)

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● 65 years and over: 18.48% (male 5,470,116/female 6,681,311) (2020 est.)
Definition: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to

age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years
(children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age),
55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). The age
structure of a population affects a nation's key socio economic issues. Countries
with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in
schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and
over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be
used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a
young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Population Pyramid
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's
population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well
as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal
axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and
female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as
horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the
bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually
evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration
trends.
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The UK Population Map:
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2.2 MIGRATION RATES

Definition: This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number
of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons
(based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is
referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess
of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000
population). The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the
overall level of population change. The net migration rate does not distinguish
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between economic migrants, refugees, and other types of migrants nor does it
distinguish between lawful migrants and undocumented migrants.
In the year ending June 2021:
573,000 people migrated into the UK and 334,000 people emigrated from it,
leaving net migration of 239,000 people. This represents the balance of long-
term migrants moving in and out of the country.
The number of people migrating to the UK has been greater than the number
emigrating in each year since 1994. Prior to that point, immigration and
emigration were roughly in balance, with net migration slightly decreasing the
population in most years. Over the last twenty-five years, both immigration and
emigration have increased to historically high levels, with immigration
exceeding emigration by more than 100,000 in every year between 1998 and
2020.
There was considerably less migration during the Covid-19 pandemic than in
previous years. The pandemic also disrupted the way in which migration
statistics are produced so the data from this period is subject to more uncertainty
than usual.
2.3 ETHNIC GROUPS
Asian or Asian British
● Indian
● Pakistani
● Bangladeshi
● Chinese
● Any other Asian background
Black, Black British, Caribbean or African

● Caribbean
● African
● Any other Black, Black British, or Caribbean background
Mixed or multiple ethnic groups

● White and Black Caribbean
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● White and Black African

● White and Asian
● Any other Mixed or multiple ethnic background
White
● English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British
● Irish
● Gypsy or Irish Traveler
● Roma
● Any other White background
Other ethnic group

● Arab
● Any other ethnic group
3. ECONOMIC STATISTICS AND ACTIVITY

3.1 OVERVIEW
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The United Kingdom, with a population of 67 million people and a GDP of $3.2
trillion (2021), is a major international trading power, with the fifth-largest
economy in the world, according to the World Bank. Though geographically
small (the United Kingdom is roughly about the size of Oregon), it has the
second-largest economy in Europe and led the G7 in GDP growth in 2021.
Moreover, despite the challenges and uncertainty posed by the UK’s exit from
the European Union (“Brexit”), high inflation due to increasing energy prices,
and the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK remains a critical market for American
exports of goods and services. U.S. exports of goods and services to the UK
reached $129.3 billion in 2021, up 7.6 percent from 2020, ranking the UK in
seventh place among export destinations for American goods and placing it in
the number one spot for trading in services.
Major categories of U.S. exports include financial and professional services,
industrial supplies, agricultural products, cyber security and other IT, medical
equipment, consumer goods, smart grids, and travel & tourism.
STRENGTHS
● Production of hydrocarbons covers three-quarters of energy needs
● Cutting-edge sectors (aeronautics, pharmaceuticals, automotive)
● Financial services
● Competitive and attractive tax regime
● High public and household debt (115% of gross disposable income)

● Low productivity and training deficit not conducive to innovation
● Regional disparities between the Southeast (especially London) and the
rest of the country, particularly in terms of transport and energy
infrastructure
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3.2 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP OR GDP) (TOTAL, RATE OF

GROWTH)
MAJOR MACRO ECONOMIC INDICATORS
2019 2020 2021 (e) 2022 (f)
GDP growth (%) 1.3 - 9.8 7.5 2.5
Inflation (yearly average, %) 1.8 0.9 2.6 7.0
Budget balance (% GDP)* -2.3 -15.0 -5.4 -4.3
Current account balance (% GDP) -2.7 -2.5 -2.6 -4.6
Public debt (% GDP) 83.8 94.0 95.6 95.9
(e): Estimate (f): Forecast *Fiscal year from April to March
The gross domestic product of the United Kingdom in 2021 was just under 2.2
trillion British pounds, an increase of approximately 152.3 billion pounds
compared to the previous year when the size of the UK economy was 2.04
trillion pounds.
3.3 PERSONAL INCOME PER CAPITA
Data are in current U.S. dollars. U.K. gdp per capita for 2021 was $47,334, a
15.17% increase from 2020. U.K. gdp per capita for 2020 was $41,098, a 4.58%
decline from 2019. U.K. gdp per capita for 2019 was $43,070, a 1.32% decline
from 2018.
3.4 Average family income
Median household disposable income in the UK was £31,400 in the financial
year ending (FYE) 2021, which covered the first year of the coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic; this was an annual increase of 2%, based on estimates
from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Household Finances Survey.
Mean disposable income showed a small reduction of 0.6%, a consequence of a

moderate fall at the bottom of the income distribution, relative stability across
the middle, and a small fall at the top of the distribution.
Changes across the distribution coincided with an interaction between increased

likelihood to be furloughed at the bottom of the income distribution, an uplift of
Universal Credit, and upper limits on coronavirus support schemes at the top of
the distribution.
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Median income growth for people living in retired households was 7.0%, this
followed a 3.7% reduction in the previous year; from the FYE 2019 to FYE
2021, retired households saw lower income growth than non-retired households.
3.5 Minerals and resources
Overview of Resources
The key natural resources of the UK include limestone, petroleum, coal, iron
ore, lead, natural gas, tin, gold, slate, silica land, potash, chalk, gypsum and
clay. Natural gas, coal and petroleum are of immense importance in the
country’s mining industry.
UK is a chief regional processor of raw mineral materials and a producer and

manufacturer of consumer durables. Given below are the 2010 production
statistics of the UK in comparison with that of 2009.
● Industrial production increased by 2.1%.

● Mining and quarrying output decreased by 4.7%.
● Production of base-metal and metal products increased by 7.1%.
Industrial Minerals
UK is a chief producer of barite and calcareous material for clays, cement and
fluorspar. However the production of barite has been decreasing since 2005
with most of the production taking place in the Foss Mine near Aberfeldy in
Perthshire, Scotland, by M–I Drilling Fluids (UK) Ltd.
Fluorspar is produced by the Glebe Mines Ltd, which is the only domestic
producer of fluorspar in the UK. The company also supplies acid-grade
fluorspar to two fluorochemical producers in the UK.
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The map of UK. Image Credit: CIA Factbook
Metals
In 2009, the number of licenses for the exploration and development of new
gold mines in the UK decreased from 32 to 24 though the number of leases
remained constant. The exploration of gold mines continued at Omagh and
Armagh in Northern Ireland and at Cononish in Perthshire County, Scotland.
The deposits from Northern Ireland had a reserve of 367,310 Mt grading 7.52
g/Mt gold with a width of 4.43 m within the designated open pit area.
Based on the 2010 British Geological Survey, four licenses for the exploration
of nickel were relinquished by Alba Mineral Resources plc in the Aberfeldy
area in Perthshire County, Scotland.
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Fossil Fuels
In 2010, UK witnessed a slight increase in its coal production sector. The
Scottish Coal Co. Ltd., a leading opencast coal mining company in the UK, was
ranked as the second highest net coal producer in the UK.
UK operates a number of surface mines and three deep mines. Annually, the
deep mines produce more than 5.5Mt and the surface mines produce about
1.8Mt of coal.
Towards the end of 2009, UK had almost 3.6 billion barrels of crude oil
reserves that were mostly located offshore on the UK Continental Shelf
(UKCS). Most of the crude oil is obtained from basins located east of Scotland
in the central North Sea. A good number of reserves are also found in the
northern North Sea, east of the Shetland Islands. The North Atlantic Ocean
contains smaller deposits of crude oil. The Wytch Farm field in the UK is the
largest onshore oilfield in Europe.
3.6 TRANSPORTATION
1. Traveling by train
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2. Travel by bus and coach
3. Traveling by subway
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4. Travel by car
5. Traveling by bike
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The kingdom's communication systems are technologically advanced and

sophisticated. The system has a mixture of underground cables, microwave
relay systems, and fiber-optic links. The islands have 40 undersea cables that
provide communications links with Europe and the Western Hemisphere. There
is also an extensive satellite system that is supported by 10 earth relay stations.
Mobile phone use has increased dramatically. Between 1993 and 1997, the
number of cellular phone users increased by 294 percent. By 1998, there were
13 million mobile phones in use, but by 1999, that number had increased to 21.8
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million. Internet usage has also increased substantially. In 1999, there were 364
Internet service providers. Approximately 8.6 million homes in the United
Kingdom have Internet access (about 35 percent of all homes). This is 4 times
the number of homes with Internet access from the previous 2 years. Two
government-owned corporations, the British Broadcast Corporation (BBC) and
the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), provide television and radio
service throughout the kingdom. The BBC also provides a world radio service
with broadcasts in many languages. Increasingly, consumers are using satellite
and cable television in order to access programming from other nations,
particularly the United States.
Consumption of electricity in the United Kingdom was 333.012 billion kilowatt

hours (kWh) in 1999. Domestic production of electricity that same year was
342.771 billion kWh. Electrical production was dominated by fossil fuels at
69.38 percent, followed by atomic power with 26.68 percent and hydroelectric
generation at 1.55 percent. Renewable energy sources accounted for only 1.79
percent of production.
3.7 WORKING CONDITION

Minimum Working Conditions
Employers have extensive obligations to safeguard the health, safety and
welfare of all of their employees under both common law and statute.
Salary
Employers must pay all workers (not just employees) at least the statutory
minimum pay per hour that they are entitled to. The National Minimum Wage
(“NMW“) is the minimum pay per hour payable for those under the age of 25.
There are four hourly rates for the NMW, depending on the age of the worker
and whether they are an apprentice; the top rate is currently GBP 8.20 (for those
aged 21 and over). The National Living Wage (“NLW“) is payable to most
workers aged 25 and over and is currently GBP 8.72 per hour.
Employers can only make deductions from wages if the deduction is required by
statute (for example deductions for income tax), the employee has expressly
authorised the deduction or the deduction is provided for by a term of the
employment contract.Men and women have the right to be paid the same for the
same, or equivalent, work
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Since April 2019, all workers (not just employees) have had the right to a
written itemised pay statement (a ‘payslip’) at the time, or before, their wages
are paid to them, to enable them to establish whether they have been paid
correctly and must include the number of hours paid where an individual is paid
on an hourly rate basis.
Maximum Working Week

Workers’ hours of work are regulated by the Working Time Regulations 1998
(“WTR“). Workers may not work, on average, for more than 48 hours per week
(normally calculated over a 17-week reference period). In the UK employers
can ask workers to consent, in writing, to opt-out of the 48-hour weekly
working limit. However, workers must have the right to cancel their opt-out by
up to three months’ notice at any time. The WTR also provides the right to
daily, weekly and in-work rest periods.
Overtime
If employers may want to require their employees to work longer than their
normal working hours, they should ensure that the employment contract
provides for this with an overtime clause. This clause should state whether or
not the overtime is paid.
Employer’s Obligation to Provide a Healthy and Safe Workplace

Employers have a general duty to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the
health, safety and welfare at work of all their employees. This statutory duty is
enforced by the Health and Safety Executive (“HSE”), which has the power to
investigate breaches, and to prosecute and sentence individuals and
organisations.
Complaint Procedures
If a worker believes their employer is exposing them to risks or is not carrying
out their legal duties relating to health and safety, and if the worker has
informed the employer but no satisfactory response has been received, they can
make a complaint to the HSE. Workers are protected from being subjected to a
detriment or being dismissed because they have made a protected disclosure
about malpractices at work, this includes disclosures of information about health
and safety breaches or risks.
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3.8 PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES
The UK’s economy is dominated by services industries. These include retail,

hospitality, professional services, business administration and finance.
In 2021, services industries contributed £1.7 trillion in Gross Value Added

(GVA) to the UK economy, 80% of total UK GVA. GVA is a measure of
economic output that is similar to GDP. It measures the value of products and
services produced minus the costs incurred in production.
Manufacturing industries contributed £203 billion in GVA, 10% of the UK

total. The construction sector’s output was £129 billion, 6% of GVA.
The following chart shows the relative growth of services and manufacturing
industries since 1990, when consistent data began.
The attached excel sheet provides economic output data for broad industrial
sectors from 1990-2021.
3.9 INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTIC

a. Import
Main imports of UK, according to UK import statistics 2020, are as follows:
Peals, Stones and Metals with a share of 17.1% ($108.3 Billion), Industrial
Machinery with a share of 11.1% ($70.2 Billion), Vehicles with a share of 9.1%
($57.9 Billion), Electronics with a share of 8.8% ($55.8 Billion), Mineral Fuels
& Oils with a share of 5.3% ($33.9 Billion, and so on.
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As per UK import statistics, the top imports are for ‘Pearls, Stones and Metals’.
While the least imports are ‘Knitted or Crocheted Apparel and Clothing
Accessories’ as per the import statistics of UK. According to this part of the
observation, we can conclude that top demanded products are much more in the
favor of getting fortunes in the trade, as compared to the least demanded
product.
b.Partner
Major import partners of the UK for the year 2020 are China with a share of
12% ($75.6 billion total imports), Germany with a share of 11.6% ($73.4 billion
total imports), the USA with a share of 9.2% ($58 billion total imports), the
Netherlands with a share of 7.2% ($45.6 billion total imports), France with a
share of 4.7% ($29.6 billion total imports), and so on, as per the UK import
statistics of 2020.
UK import data on the left shows that the top import partner for the UK is China
with a percentile share of 12%. According to UK trade data, the top imports UK
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have made from China are electronics and industrial machinery. The assumption
from this part of the UK import statistics is that the UK has a lot of dependency
on these products from China since previous records of trade show these
products account for 70% of overall trade from China.
c. Export
The main exports of the UK for the year 2020 are Industrial Machinery with a
share of 15% ($60.4 Billion), Pearls, Stones and Metals with a share of 10.7%
($43.2 Billion), Vehicles with a share of 9% ($36.3 Billion), Mineral Fuels and
Oils with a share of 6.5% ($26.3 Billion), Electronics with a share of 6.2% ($25
Billion), and so on, as per the UK trade data of 2020.
As per UK export statistics for 2020, the top exports were for ‘Industrial
Machinery’ with a share of value in the percentile of 15.4%, and the least is ‘Art
Works and Pieces’ accounting for 3% in overall trade. As per this part of
observation in the UK export data, the businesses in the first sector have more
likely chances of getting fortunes than the second sector. These factors of
demand can be studied through
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our exclusive UK export statistics data.
Partner:
The top UK export partner of 2020 are the USA with a share of 15.7% ($73.5
billion total exports), Germany with a share of 9.9% ($46.3 billion total
exports), France with a share of 6.7% ($31.3 billion total exports), Netherlands
with a share of 6.5% ($30.3 billion total exports), China with a share of 6.4%
($30.1 billion total exports), and so on, as per the UK export statistics of the
year 2020.
According to the UK export data shown on the left, the top export partner of the
UK is the USA. As per UK trade data, these products UK exported the most to
the USA – industrial machinery, vehicles, and pharmaceutical products. Since,
consumer goods are the most exported products in the trade of UK with the
USA, these products accounted for the highest in trade deal of UK-USA. Look
at the UK export statistics and observe trade figures.
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3.10 TRADE RESTRICTION

there are still 3 challenges that Vietnamese businesses face when accessing the
UK market.
Firstly , when exporting to the UK, Vietnamese enterprises may face high
standards of technical requirements, food hygiene and safety, etc. This requires
businesses to prepare carefully. on business plans, building and developing
products and brands methodically.
In addition, businesses also need to pay attention to some regulations on

sustainable development such as labor, environment ... because the UK is a
country that is very interested in these issues.
Second, Vietnamese businesses will have to compete fairly with businesses of

the UK as well as those of other countries, especially countries from the former
British colony.
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For UK businesses, competitive pressure comes from understanding UK's

consumer habits as well as a professional and methodical business organization
system.
Meanwhile, competitive pressure from other countries, including former UK

colonies, is due to longer access to the UK market, deeper cultural connections
and even the ability to coordinate. with more efficient UK business systems.
Third, the challenge from supply chain disruption. The Ministry of Industry and
Trade said that the risk of supply chain disruptions, a sharp increase in freight
rates due to high gasoline prices are also detrimental to the activities of
Vietnam's import and export enterprises.
3.10 LABOR FORCE
Our most timely estimate of payrolled employees indicates that in December
2021 there were 29.5 million employees in the UK: up 184,000 on the revised
November 2021 level and up 409,000 on the pre-coronavirus (COVID-19)
February 2020 level. All regions are now above pre-coronavirus levels, with
Scotland having the largest percentage increase on the month.
Our latest Labour Force Survey estimates for September to November 2021
show a continuing recovery in the labour market, with a quarterly increase in
the employment rate, while the unemployment rate decreased.
The UK employment rate increased by 0.2 percentage points on the quarter to

75.5%. The number of part-time workers decreased strongly during the
pandemic, but has been increasing since April to June 2021, driving the increase
in employment during the latest three-month period.
The unemployment rate decreased by 0.4 percentage points on the quarter to

4.1%, while the economic inactivity rate increased by 0.2 percentage points to
21.3%. The redundancy rate decreased to a record low following the end of the
Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme.
The number of job vacancies in October to December 2021 rose to a new record
of 1,247,000, an increase of 462,000 from its pre-coronavirus January to March
2020 level, with most industries displaying record numbers of vacancies.
However, the rate of growth in vacancies continued to slow down. The ratio of
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vacancies to every 100 employee jobs reached a record high 4.1 in October to
December 2021.
Growth in average total pay (including bonuses) was 4.2% and growth in
regular pay (excluding bonuses) was 3.8% among employees in September to
November 2021. In real terms (adjusted for inflation), total and regular pay have
shown minimal growth in September to November 2021, at 0.4% for total pay
and 0.0% for regular pay. Single-month growth in real average weekly earnings
for November 2021 fell on the year for the first time since July 2020, at
negative 0.9% for total pay and negative 1.0% for regular pay.
3.11 Inflation rates
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III. DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. OVERVIEW
Science and technology in the United Kingdom has a long history, producing
many important figures and developments in the field. Major theorists from the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland include Isaac Newton
whose laws of motion and illumination of gravity have been seen as a keystone
of modern science and Charles Darwin whose theory of evolution by natural
selection was fundamental to the development of modern biology. Major
scientific discoveries include hydrogen by Henry Cavendish, penicillin by
Alexander Fleming, and the structure of DNA, by Francis Crick and others.
Major engineering projects and applications pursued by people from the United
Kingdom include the steam locomotive developed by Richard Trevithick and
Andrew Vivian, the jet engine by Frank Whittle and the World Wide Web by
Tim Berners-Lee. The United Kingdom continues to play a major role in the
development of science and technology and major technological sectors include
the aerospace, motor and pharmaceutical industries.
2. Technological skills of the labor force
The switch to electric vehicles (EVs), decreased immigration and the pandemic
are fuelling an escalating skills crisis, according to a new report from the
Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI).
Its latest Automotive Sector Employment report is predicting 160,000 vacancies

in the sector will need filling by 2031.
Despite forecasting a 2% decrease in the number of jobs available in the

automotive industry by 2031, the report highlights that rising employment
replacement demand - due to retirement, migration and occupational mobility –
will significantly contribute to the expected and unprecedented number of
available vacancies.
The role most in demand will be the vehicle technician, which will account for
16% of vacancies.
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IV.Channels of distribution (macro analysis)
1.Dealerships
In total, 202 sites were lost taking the number of UK franchised car dealerships
from 4,766 to 4,564, according to exclusive Car Dealer Magazine data.
The majority of the losses came from Mitsubishi pulling out of sales in the UK
with the loss of 100 car sales sites.
However, new owner IM Group said it now has 105 aftersales service centres
with a further three satellite sites instead.
Ford, Chevrolet and Ram Trucks are the largest automobile dealers in the
United States in 2022 based on the number of locations. Ford has the most
number of locations with 2,984 locations across 50 states and territories.
Chevrolet has 2,903 and Ram Trucks has 2,464 locations in the US. These three
together make 38.46% of the largest 10 automobile dealers in the US.
Chevrolet
There are 2,903 Chevrolet
dealerships in the United States as of
October 03, 2022. The state with the
most number of Chevrolet locations in
the US is Texas, with 226 dealerships,
which is about 8% of all Chevrolet
dealerships in the US.
Ram Trucks
There are 2,465 Ram Trucks

dealerships in the United States as
of October 05, 2022. The state
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with the most number of Ram Trucks locations in the US is Texas, with 193
dealerships, which is about 8% of all Ram Trucks dealerships in the US.
Jeep
There are 2,419 Jeep dealerships in
the United States as of September 26,
2022. The state with the most number
of Jeep locations in the US is Texas,
with 185 dealerships, which is about
8% of all Jeep dealerships in the US.
2.Warehousing
UK manufacturing, particularly the automotive sector has also seen somewhat
of a renaissance in recent years with strong levels of investment, although often
centred on specific geographies or industry clusters.
The current market supply of warehousing in UK currently stands at just 21.9
million sq ft across 131 units. This is a sharp decrease from recent times when
as recently as 2009 the choice of units on the market across the country reached
94 million sq ft. The economic downturn saw development, and finance for
development, decrease rapidly. As a consequence stock was not replaced once
an occupier was found. Indeed, based upon current supply levels and long terms
average take-up levels, most regions of the UK have less than a years worth of
supply left. The current availability of units varies dramatically by region and
also by quality. For example within the M25 there are no units we would
classify as grade C, this in the most part due to land being taken for competing
and higher value uses such as residential as the chart below demonstrates.
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V. MEDIA
1. MEDIA ACCESIBILITY
The UK is one of the countries with the largest and most comprehensive
communication network in the world. Many major British newspapers have
millions of global readers such as BBC News, The Times & The Sunday Times,
The Sun, The Guardian, The Daily Mail, The Mirror, Daily Express ... and
hundreds of magazines and newspapers. periodicals, 5 television stations and
many other satellite and digital broadcasters.
Televison, radio, cinema, newspaper, magazines and internet-based website are

among the several forms of public conveyance of news in UK.
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2. NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER FORMS OF PRINTED MEDIA
Printing appeared in the 15th century, UK newspaper industry has a long

history. The number of newspaper consumers in the UK is very large, especially
in the metropolian area. Magazine advertising is the most effective way to reach
a specific target audience or consumer group and market industrial and
commercial product. Print newspapers are read by 1 in 4 adults over the age of
15 every day (13.6 million per day) and reach a larger readership weekly (24.9
million) and monthly (30.8 million). Despite the high consumption volume, the
British newspaper industry in the last 8 years has shown signs of a slight
decrease due to the growth of Social media.
Main Newspapers
-Daily Express
-Daily Mail
-Daily Star
-The Sun
3. RADIO AND TELEVION
Like the British press, televion also appeared very early in the UK. 81% of
British people watch TV or movies online while 16% of them use a tablet to
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watch live TV on the Internet. 42% of UK households own a TV with an

Internet connection. These numbers are larger than most European countries and
the world's most developed economies.
Main Televion
-BBC World News
-SKY News
-BBC News
-Nat Geo Wild
More than a billion hours of radio were consumed in the UK in the last three
months of 2021 according to the latest RAJAR results. The data shows that 89%
of the population - 49.5 million adults - listen to live radio an average of 20.3
hours per week. New data shows that 40 million adults, or 72% of the
population aged 15 and over, now watch digital radio every week, with strong
growth on some digital stations. It can be said that radio in the UK is being
favored by people aged 15 and over.
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Main Radio
- Capital FM
- BBC Radio 1
- BBC Radio 2
- BBC Radio 4 Extra
4. NEW MEDIA AND THE INTERNET
The share of households with Internet access in the United Kingdom grew from
9 percent in 1998 to 93 percent in 2019. Virtually all adults aged 16 to 44 years
in the UK were recent internet users (99%) in 2019, compared with 47% of
adults aged 75 years and over; in aggregate, the third-highest in Europe. Online
shoppers in the UK spend more per household than consumers in any other
country. Internet bandwidth per Internet user was the seventh highest in the
world in 2016 and average and peak internet connection speeds were top-
quartile in 2017. Internet use in the United Kingdom doubled in 2020. On online
advertising alone, the UK has spent $11.32 billion, the third largest after China
and the US, and is expected to grow to $17 billion in the next five years.
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(Source: wearesocial.com)
(Source: revive.digital)
C. MARKET AUDIT AND COMPETITIVE MARKET ANALYSIS
I.INTRODUCTION
U.S. and UK businesses are well established as trading partners with strong
market opportunities in IT, service, aerospace and defense, health and
pharmaceutical, and travel sectors (for details see leading sectors chapters). The
UK economy is undergoing a historic realignment following its decision to
leave the EU single market and customs union, while at the same time dealing
with the economic impact of the COVID pandemic. The UK was the first
country in the world to administer the COVID-19 vaccine outside of clinical
trials, and in February 2022 announced a transition to a “living with COVID”
VINFAST VF8 93
strategy that saw the lifting of nearly all remaining COVID-related restrictions.
Due to this reopening, GDP growth was positive throughout 2021 and the
upward trend continued into early 2022. Posting the fastest growth rate among
G7 countries in 2021, the UK’s economy surpassed its pre-pandemic level in the
first quarter of 2022, due largely to increased government spending. Full-year
2021 GDP growth reached 7.4 percent, an increase over the projected 6.5
percent. Although analysts predicted five percent growth in 2022, the
International Monetary Fund has downgraded global 2022 growth forecasts for
the UK to 3.2 percent in 2022 and 0.5 percent in 2023 owing to the Russian
invasion of Ukraine, rising energy costs and global supply chain disruptions.
II.THE PRODUCT
With environmental factors at the forefront of global politics, the UK
government continues to invest millions into the transition to EVs as part of
their net zero emission strategy. As such, the rate of electric car sales in the UK
is predicted to boom in the coming years.
As of 2022, 137,498 new electric cars have been sold in the UK. This means
new electric vehicles have a 14% share of the UK's new car market (updated
September 2022). In August 2022, 10,006 new EVs were registered in the UK -
a figure that's 35.4% higher than the 7,338 new electric cars that were registered
over the same month in 2021. This follows the 9.9% increase in new EV sales
of July 2022 when 12,243 new electric cars were sold in the UK. EVs enjoyed a
growth streak in June 2022, with 22,737 registrations - a 14.6% year-on-year
VINFAST VF8 94
increase. May 2022 saw new EV registrations rise by 17.7%, representing one
in eight new cars joining the road. Plug-in hybrids declined 25.5%, while
hybrids were up 12.0%, meaning deliveries of electrified vehicles accounted for
three in 10 new cars.
The growth of the EV market is expected to accelerate in the coming years as
the UK prepares itself for the 2030 ban on new petrol and diesel vehicle sales.
There's no surprise that the Tesla Model 3 was the best-selling electric car in the
UK in 2021, with 34,783 sales. The next best-selling model, the Kia e-Niro,
recorded less than half that with 12,271 sales.
1. Tesla Model 3
2. Kia e-Niro
3. VW ID.3
4. Nissan Leaf
5. Audi E-Tron
Our product is the Vinfast vf8 Eco electric car (2022), this is a product that does
not use gasoline, and does not pollute the environment. In the current London
context, the scarcity of gasoline raw materials, environmental pollution and
rising inflation have led people to gradually switch to using electric cars instead
of gasoline.
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1. Evaluate the product as an innovation as it is perceived by the intended

market
1.1 Relative advantage
The car has a neat design, large wheelbase brings more spaciousness. VF8 Eco
2022 also achieved the highest 5-star safety certification by the world's leading
organizations such as NHTSA, EURO NCAP, and ASEAN NCAP. For the
VinFast VF8 Eco version, the client has 6 exterior colors including White,
Black, Silver, Red, Gray, and Blue.
The sporty design style with the roof lowered to the rear, equipped with
advanced driver assistance features (ADAS) in different traffic conditions such
as:
- Support moving when the road is congested
- Driving assistance on highways
- Automatic safe lane change
- Full parking assistance (driver is sitting in the car)
- Automatic parking feature (the driver monitors the outside of the car) or
smart calling...
Other safety technologies of the Eco version on the VF8 also include:
- Lane departure warning
- Lane-keeping assist
- Control going in the middle of the lane
- Front/rear collision warning
- Blind spot warning system
- Automatic headlight system
- Adaptive cruise control
- Front/rear parking assistance
- 363-degree camera
- 11 airbags
Smart service Smart service:
- Virtual assistant controls smart cars (via voice or screen or VinFast
application)
- Navigating navigation (setting up the optimal journey ...)
- Battery and charging-related driving assistance (booking and canceling
appointments before arriving at the charging station, automatic charging,
and toll collection)
- Online shopping, home, and office gadgets, personalized notifications,
video games, remote software updates...
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Furthermore, with the safety and security features in the Smart Service package,
users can make an automatic rescue/emergency call in case of an emergency;
monitor and display vehicle status information; Automatic vehicle fault
diagnosis, monitoring, and intrusion warning.
Vinfast VF8 Eco uses two 150 kW electric motors arranged in both the front
and rear axles for a total capacity of 260 kW and 640 Nm of torque combined
with a full-time 4-wheel drive system. can accelerate from 0-100km / h in 5.9
seconds with a range of 460 km or 510 km depending on the battery type. The
headlight/cos LED Projector system applies the most modern technologies such
as intelligent adaptation, automatic on / off and standby light mode, equipped
with air inlets, and horizontal LED fog lights. The front bumper of this electric
car is designed to be aerodynamically thin and the radar system is integrated
into the center of the package of safety technology and self-driving mode.
1.2 Compatibility
The car doesn’t heat up. It can be charged easily at home if people live in villas
and houses and the rest who live in apartments and flats can have the cars
charged anywhere as it comes with an onboard charger. We intend to have
charging stations installed over the country soon.
Unlike Vinfast's gasoline cars with dense buttons inside the cockpit, the electric
car VinFast VF 8 Eco 2022 is streamlined and minimized so that users can
easily control the space and the car.
To save travel costs and ensure that the cost of using an electric car VinFast VF
8 is lower or equivalent to the cost of gasoline, VinFast car company
implements a battery rental policy at an extremely attractive and economical
price. Including 2 rental packages:
- Flexible rental package.
- Fixed rental package suitable for customers who often move during the month
The rental battery will be replaced/repaired/maintained free of charge in case: of
a damaged battery/Manufacturer's fault, or when the maximum battery capacity
(SOH) is below 70%.
1.3 Complexity
Equipped with a 24-minute quick charge system (from 10 - 70%), which
optimizes the charging process and battery power output to maximize the car's
operating range, thus helping to improve efficiency. automobile performance
and efficiency.
1.4 Trialability and Observability
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Tie up with a car dealer company and could have test drives for their existing
customers so that the people can get familiarized with its usability. Judge the
feedback provided by the customers. Participating in steam exhibitions and
conferences in London for users to experience and test drive.
2. Major problems and resistances to product acceptance based on the

preceding evaluation
Besides the above advantages, VinFast VF 8 also has some disadvantages:
- Although customers have 6 exterior colors to choose from. However,
VinFast VF8 Eco 2022 only has a black interior instead of 4 colors like
the Plus version.
- Typically, some users are not familiar with the display clock of VinFast
VF 8, which makes it difficult to observe the parameters.
- VinFast VF8 Eco will only have leatherette seats, capable of electric
editing in only 8 directions, unlike the high-end version with 12
directions.
- The front seats of VinFast VF8 Eco 2022 also only feature heated seats,
not ventilation like the high-end version, without a sunroof.
- It should be used more for short-distance trips as battery charging can be
a concern.
III. THE MARKET
1. DESCRIBE THE MARKETS IN WHICH THE PRODUCT IS TO
BE SOLD
1.1 GEOGRAPHY REGIONS
London - The capital of Great Britain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland, and the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and
the second largest urban area in terms of area in the European Union (EU). .
London is located in the Southeast of England, on the banks of the River
Thames, 64km from the mouth of the river to the North Sea. London is
considered one of the most important cities in the world in terms of great
influence, attractiveness, and value, attracting not only a huge number of
tourists every year but also investors because of the investment environment.
friendly and sustainable.
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Long ago, London was home to the first Celts. From the 1st century, it was the
barracks of Roman warriors. The Romans withdrew from England at the
beginning of the 5th century. From the end of the 6th century to the beginning
of the 7th century, London was the official capital of England.
From the end of the 15th century to the end of the 17th century, London thrived
in finance and trade and became a major trading center in Europe. In the
nineteenth century, London was the largest and most influential city in the
world, the center of the empire with the most colonies. During World War II,
London was devastated. After that, the reconstruction restored the splendor of
London.
According to Le Figaro's economic website, in the past 20 years, the city's
population has exploded, and is expected to reach 9 million people by 2020. The
whole capital is always like a construction site that is constantly expanding. As
Le Figaro notes, London doesn't know what a crisis is. The city's restaurants,
theaters and entertainment venues are always full of people. London is
attracting workers from all over Europe and the world. The city's growth rate
was twice the average of the whole Kingdom. Not only that, 75% of the
country's rich are concentrated in London. That concentration is also posing
major problems for the city in terms of infrastructure. The city's public transport
is always crowded, airports are saturated, homes are overcrowded, social
services are overloaded....
London is an international transport hub, including highways, railways, and air
routes. London has 84 berths and equipment, warehouses operating
independently. Every year, London wharfs transfer more than 50 million tons of
imported and exported goods. London's international transport system is among
the largest in the world.
The City of London has one of the largest and busiest transport networks in the
world. London Underground is the main underground system in this city,
serving the movement of passengers in the central London area and the counties
of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex. With 270 stations, the system
served 1.23 billion passengers in 2012 and 2013. In addition, London's famous
double-decker bus network also serves 6 million people a week.
London is a major hub for international air transport and has the largest city
airspace in the world. There are eight airports that use the word London in its
name, but most traffic is concentrated at just five: London Heathrow Airport,
London Gatwick Airport, Stansted Airport, City of London Airport, Ryanair
Airport and Luton.
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1.2.FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION

AVAILABLE IN THAT REGIONS
a) Buses:
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b) Automobile:
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c) Subway:
d) Bike:
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1.3 CONSUMER BUYING HABIT

The consumer is trying to seek better value for money. Furthermore, the
development of the technologies allows consumers to search for the information
of products which they want to buy through social media → Premium on
convenience and efficiency.
1.4 ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

a) Advertising media usually used to reach the target market :
On April 10, 2021, TVC advertising VinFast suddenly appeared continuously
on the programs "CNN Tonight with Don Lemon", "CNN Newsroom", "Inside
Politics"... of the CNN television channel.
VinFast's promotional video will be broadcast several times a day, covering
news, finance, technology... on the world's leading television channel CNN
starting from April 10.
Therefore, we can guess Vinfast will utilize this method to advertise their brand
to the target market
b) Sales promotions customarily used
VINFAST VF8 103

Most consumers are familiar with common sales promotion techniques

including samples, coupons, point-of-purchase displays, premiums, contents,
loyalty programs and rebates.
1.5 COMPETITOR
a) Toyota:
Future goal:
Toyota will launch 30 purely electric vehicle models by 2030, providing all-
electric vehicles globally in the passenger and commercial vehicle segments.
Creating more advanced, high-quality and affordable batteries.
Toyota always aims to become a company that contributes to the protection of
the global environment, striving to bring happiness and a better future to
customers, children, future generations and future generations for everyone.
Opening more branches in many places (districts and countries)
Assumption:
- Price is higher than other brands in the same segment.
- There are not many incentives when buying a car.
- The driving distance is limited because the car is electric, we must always
pay attention to the battery capacity of the car and the distance.
Current strategy:
Marketing strategy is the course of action that an organization intends to
implement in order to achieve certain marketing objectives. Toyota's marketing
strategy varies depending on the market requirements of different geographical
locations. It also has a large dealership network to provide products globally and
a culture of innovation to keep every automobile at high quality. But, most
importantly, Toyota always puts the customer's best interests on the highest
priority for the marketing strategy. This can be the secret to the company's long
success.
Capability:
The country of Japan is the middle of the actions of the automobile industry. For
occurrence, in Japan, there are a whole of 12 units within the Toyota City as
well as the other pieces of the Aichi zone. as well, there are also mechanized
compacts in Kyushu, Hokkaido, and Tohoku. Alternatively, the automobile
industry has over 50 assembling firms overseas. Outside Japan, producing
plants are placed in 26 countries and areas. The automobile industry employs
their class of the value and standard automotive frameworks. In conditions of
the capacities of their trendiest, Taiichi Ono, Toyota’s production system (TPS)
VINFAST VF8 104

was produced so as to get up in opposition to the preset mass-making agreement

of Western car assemblers and architects, whilst gratifying the local require
outline necessitating a developed small-lot formation. The group began work on
this structure just about and had commonly ended it by the median element of
the sixties. It was, nevertheless, simply in the arrival of the earliest oil calamity
of that the flexibility of the structure was obviously enhanced and began to be a
focus for concentration from other groups. All through the high-growth
Japanese vehicle industrial units raised to be enormously automatic, but
personage-making lines required a reasonably inert sum of the workforce in
spite of of the authentic manufacture stages. Toyota was not an exception in this
authenticity. As it came upon a reducing market, the automobile industry
attempted to create production lines that could function with greater or smaller
employees in being with the authentic workload, protecting prudently high
effectiveness even at a compressed rate of manufacture.
b) Mitsubishi:
Future goal:
Paris, Tokyo, Yokohama – January 27th, 2022 - Renault Group, Nissan Motor
Co., Ltd. and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, the members of one of the world's
leading automotive alliances, today announced common projects and actions to
accelerate and to shape their shared future towards 2030, focusing on the
mobility value chain.
- The 2030 roadmap focuses on pure electric vehicles and connected
mobility.
- Aims to enhance the usage of common platforms to reach 80% in 2026.
- Mitsubishi Motors to reinforce presence in Europe with two new models
based on Renault best-sellers.
- With 35 new EV cars in 2030, proposes the largest global EV offer, based
on the five common EV platforms.
- Reinforces common battery strategy aiming to secure a global 220 GWh
production capacity by 2030.
- 25 million cars connected to the Alliance Cloud by 2026: The best-in-
class digital experience for customers
- Launch its first full software-defined vehicle by 2025.
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Assumption:
- The interior design of the car is monotonous and less eye-catching.
- The car's sound insulation is poor.
- Difficult to compete with other brands in the same segment.
Current strategy:
Moving together for the benefit of each – Leader-Follower scheme
- The Alliance members have developed a "smart differentiation"
methodology that defines the desired level of commonality for each
vehicle, integrating several parameters of possible pooling, such as
platforms, production plants, powertrains, or vehicle segments. This is
supplemented and enhanced by a stricter approach to design and upper-
body differentiation. For example, the common platform for the C and D
segment will carry five models from three brands of the Alliance (Nissan
Qashqai and X-Trail, Mitsubishi Outlander, Renault Austral, and an
upcoming seven-seater SUV).
- Strengthening this process, the Alliance members will enhance the usage
of common platforms in the coming years from 60% today to more than
80% of its combined 90 models in 2026. This will allow each company to
deepen their focus on their customers' needs, their best models, and core
markets, while also extending innovations across the Alliance, at a lower
cost.
90% of these models will be based on five common EV platforms, covering
most markets, in all major regions:
- CMF-AEV, the most affordable platform in the world, is the base for the
new Dacia Spring.
- KEI-EV (mini vehicle) platform family for ultra-compact EVs.
- LCV-EV Family platform family for professional customers.
Common battery strategy, breakthrough battery innovations, and a planned 220
GWh production capacity to bring a highly competitive and attractive offer to
all customers.
- The Alliance is working with common partners to achieve real scale and
affordability, enabling it to reduce battery costs by 50% in 2026 and 65%
by 2028. With this approach, by 2030, the Alliance will have a total of
220 GWh battery production capacity for EVs across key production sites
in the world.
VINFAST VF8 106

- Beyond that, the Alliance shares a common vision for all-solid-state

battery technology (ASSB). Based on its deep expertise and unique
experience as a pioneer in battery technology.
- The Alliance battery management system is also at state-of-the-art.
- A recent agreement is with Ionity via the Alliance
- E-mobility Service Provider Plug Surfing, which will allow its customers
access at preferential pricing the Ionity ultra-fast charging network in
Europe.
Intelligent and connected mobility are critical areas for increased shared
innovation across the Alliance. With 20 years of experience in ADAS
(advanced driver-assistance systems) and autonomous driving, the Alliance
keeps improving real-world driving safety, convenience, and enjoyment by
delivering innovations in the intelligent vehicle and driver-assistance
technologies.
Capability:
With over 100 years of car development and production, Mitsubishi Motors is
the 6th largest automobile manufacturer in Japan and the 17th in the world.
Mitsubishi always tries to create good and quality products for customers. With
today's trends, Mitsubishi has been at the forefront of creating emissions-
reducing technologies, electric cars, and hybrid vehicles designed to preserve
and sustain the global environment. In recent years, with the production of the
Outlander PHEV, Mitsubishi has focused on Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
technology—pushing the boundaries of what's possible with hybrids. With the
joint venture with Nissan, Renault has created many opportunities and
advantages for Mitsubishi.
Renault, Nissan, and Mitsubishi have pioneered the EV market, with more than
10 B€ already invested in the field of electrification. In the main markets
(Europe, Japan, the US, China) 15 factories of the alliance already produce
parts, motors, and batteries for 10 EV models on the streets, with more than 1
million EV cars sold so far and 30 billion e-kilometers driven.
Building on this unique expertise, the Alliance is accelerating with a total of 23
B€ more investment in the next five years on electrification, leading to 35 new
EV models by 2030.
1.6 MARKET RESEARCH
a) Market trend:
The United Kingdom is among Europe's largest markets for electric vehicles in
2020. Plug-in electric vehicle sales climbed by around 140 percent year-on-
VINFAST VF8 107

year, while hybrid electric vehicles recorded gains of about 12 percent. Hybrid
and plug-in electric vehicles accounted for over 10 percent of car registrations
in the United Kingdom in 2020, and demand for electrified vehicles among new
car intenders in the United Kingdom stands at roughly 40 percent.
b) Market growth:
In the midst of the "wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic, the European electric
vehicle market shows signs of strong growth. As of the first half of 2021,
Europe alone accounts for 46% of the world's electric vehicle market share.
According to many experts, this unexpected growth is due to the fact that
Europe has conducted a survey to assess the factors affecting users' decisions to
buy electric cars and come up with smart strategies.
A recent study by CR (American Consumer Research Organization) has shown
that today's popular electric vehicles have a lower total cost than gasoline-
powered cars. other material. Accordingly, with models priced below 50,000
USD (1.1 billion VND), car owners will save on average about 6,000 - 10,000
USD (about 230 million VND) during the ownership period (equivalent to about
320,000km). move). In addition, tax analyses in four European countries
(France, Germany, Norway and the United Kingdom) also show that the cost of
ownership for electric vehicles is lower than the cost of ownership for
conventional vehicles.
VINFAST VF8 108

Demographic factors include indicators of consumers' gender, age, education

level, etc. Based on those characteristics, market research enterprises or electric
car manufacturers can predict trends in consumer shopping behavior.
According to the survey results on buying electric vehicles by gender in 2014
and 2018, the percentage of men who buy electric cars (35.6% in 2014, 41.3%
in 2018) is much higher than that of women (28.2). % and 33.6%, respectively).
In particular, customers are mainly concentrated in the age group from 30 to 40
years old.
Considering the age factor, it can be seen that potential customers for the
electric vehicle market in Europe are middle-aged people and mostly men. This
group of customers represents the acumen and easy acceptance of new market
trends.
Besides, the degree of urbanization also has a significant influence on the
buying behavior of electric cars of customers. Accordingly, people living in big
cities like London (UK) have a much higher registration rate for buying electric
cars than in small urban areas like Manchester or Liverpool. This difference can
be attributed to the income level and access to information of customers in each
region. The survey also shows that 77% of electric vehicle buyers have a
university degree.
c) Market demand:
The development of battery technology and public charging station
infrastructure to bring convenience, increase charging speed and improve travel
distance is what customers especially expect from the automotive market
electricity in the UK:
-The electric car charging station infrastructure in the UK is promoted to
develop
-The travel distance of electric cars is longer
-Faster charging speed for electric cars
-Quality, the safety of electric cars is improved
-The variety of models and lines of electric cars
-The selling price of electric cars is better than gasoline cars in the same
segment.
These are the factors that people expect to be more complete to further develop
the UK electric car market.
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d) Market need:
The UK government plans to ban the sale of new diesel and diesel cars in the
UK from 2030. UK car manufacturing activities have come to a standstill in
2021 due to the impact of the Covid pandemic-19, including semiconductor
shortage. However, one in every six vehicles sold in the UK is electric. If
hybrids are included (both petrol and electric), EVs and hybrids account for half
of all new car sales in the UK. In 2021, the British Government began
implementing a subsidy program for electric vehicles to encourage people to
give up using petrol and diesel cars. Sales of electric cars in the UK have
skyrocketed from nearly 1,000 cars in 2021, to nearly 100,000 cars in just the
first five months of this year.
The company's extended auto tax incentives for vehicles with CO2 emissions of
50g/km or less (mostly plug-in hybrid or electric models) appear to be
stimulating. market. In the UK, electric cars are taxed at 2% of the list price
until April 2025, compared with 25% or more for most petrol or diesel cars, and
that gives Significant savings for the driver.
Electric vehicle sales spike amid high fuel prices
The average price of diesel fuel rapidly increased. A peak in prices was
recorded in October 2018, when it reached 136.7 pence per liter. In March 2022,
this figure stood at 1.7 British pounds per liter. Overall, sales figures are
expected to inflate amid the Russia-Ukraine war.
e) Market size:
The electric vehicle market in the United Kingdom continues to pick up steam:
In terms of sales volume, the UK market share of plug-in electric vehicles
reached 18.6 percent in 2021. Concurrently, the popularity of conventional cars
has been decreasing.
VINFAST VF8 111

IV. SOURCES OF INFORMATION

https://muaxegiatot.vn/chi-tiet-xe-vinfast-vf8-eco.html
https://vinfastauto.com/vn_vi/xu-huong-mua-xe-o-to-dien-tai-chau-au
https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/en/newsrelease/2022/detailm127.html
D. PRELIMINARY MARKETING PLAN
I . Company
1. Vision
"Vingroup is oriented to develop into a leading technology - industry - trade and
service corporation in the region"
2.Mission
“For a better life for everyone”
3. Core value
"Trust - Mind - Wisdom - Speed – Elite - Humanity"
4. Overall
4.1 Vingroup
Vingroup's predecessor is Technocom Group, established in 1993 in Ukraine. In
the early 2000s, Technocom returned to Vietnam, focusing on investment in
tourism and real estate with two initial strategic brands, Vinpearl and Vincom.
In January 2012, Vincom Joint Stock Company and Vinpearl Joint Stock
Company merged, officially operating under the Group model with the name
Vingroup - Joint Stock Company. In the spirit of sustainable and professional
development, Vingroup is currently operating in three core business areas,
including:
Technology
Industry
Trade in Services
VINFAST VF8 112

With the desire to bring to the market products and services of international
standards and completely new experiences in modern lifestyle, in any field
Vingroup has proved its pioneering and leading role. changes in consumption
trends.
4.2 Vinfast
VinFast is a subsidiary of Vingroup, which is recognized as one of Vietnam's
largest conglomerates with interests in Property, Hospitality and Entertainment,
Consumer Retail, Healthcare, Education, Agriculture and Industrials . Thanks to
the strong will and desire inherent in Vietnamese people, Vingroup always
showcases its pioneering stature with international standard products and
services. VINFAST stands for: Vietnamese – Style – Safety – Creativity –
Pioneer (in Vietnamese). VinFast represents the product of our aspiration to
launch a distinctive, world-class automotive brand within Vietnam, and
demonstrates the ability of the Vietnamese people to skillfully implement
cutting-edge technology. The development of the automotive manufacturing
industry will have a profound influence on the rise and growth of a myriad of
other industries. Vingroup’s aim is to bolster the industrial development of
Vietnam, and spearhead the modernization of the country.
4.3 Material
Batteries include components such as nickel, cobalt, manganese and treated
aluminum, and use about 40% of the cost of component batteries.
4.4 Machine
Cooperating with LG Chem to establish a joint venture to produce batteries
right in the VinFast car and electric motorcycle factory complex is an important
step, ensuring that VinFast's current and future electric vehicles will be used
with batteries. High-performance battery at the right price
VINFAST VF8 113

VINFAST VF8 114

4.5 Cost
VINFAST VF8 115

VINFAST VF8 116

5. METHODOLOGY
Payment processing, sales.
Customer management, promotions, material inventory and quantitative system.
Manage the cost and calculate profit and loss in business.
Fresh bread every day, monopoly sauce.
6. SALES FORECAST YEARS:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Market 5.100.000. 5.151.000. 5.202.510. 5.254.535. 5.307.080.

size 000 000 000 100 451
GBP GBP GBP GBP GBP
Market 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
growth
7. PROFIT FORECAST YEARS:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Market 1.2% 1.4% 1.7% 2.2% 3.0%

share
VINFAST VF8 117

Sell out 1500 10000 21000 32000 45000
Unit price 34000 34000 34000 34000 34000
GBP GBP GBP GBP GBP
II. MARKETING OBJECTIVES
DEMOGRAPHIC
Ages 16-50
Gender All gender
Income middle-average income
Job Businessman, Manager, freelancer, Student...
PSYCOGRAPHIC
Lifestyle Open-mind
People who tend to live green, use energy to protect the
environment.
GEOGRAPHIC
Regional London’s urban
DEMAND
Save on fuel expense, repair costs
VINFAST VF8 118

High quality
The Vinfast branch nearby London and around the London

city
1. SWOT
STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Stable human Not a famous Opportunity to take Brand barrier

resources brand in the advantage of
market technology from
partners
Financial resource Maintenance Trends in using Difficulties in
costs and services environmental production and
do not satisfy protection products market access,
customers of customers especially foreign
markets
Positive brand Haven't invested Support from the Pressure of

image in Marketing, UK’s government market expansion
product PR
High degree of The level of Satisfy the UK The market is

conformity finishing the car people's psychology extremely
is not good, there of wanting to own competitive
are still many an electric car at will
errors in the context of
improved
infrastructure
VINFAST VF8 119

Having a Service, warranty

distribution and maintenance
system to buy and costs are not
sell from really satisfied
Chevrolet with customer
Vietnam needs
VINFAST VF8 120

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES - S3,O2: Build - W4, O1:

many campaigns Acquiring or
to increase brand applying for a
franchise of
awareness
production
- S4,O4: technology and
Postpayment / perfecting
Installment features on
Strategy (Credit electric vehicles
Term Pricing) of partner units.
- S2+S5,O1: - W3,O4 : Promote
marketing to
promote the
quickly gain a
production of a foothold in the
variety of UK market
replacement parts
for electric cars
THREATS - S2+S3,T2: Build - W3,T3: Build a

quality marketing new, unique,
campaigns to creative, effective
promote the marketing
company's brand strategy to
to other countries penetrate the
thanks to market.
abundant finance - W4-T4: Invest in
and positive brand product research
image with more
- S3+S4,T3: Slow convenient
market expansion features to
from developing compete with
countries thanks competitors in the
to good brand industry
image and high - W5-T4: Improve
adaptability to warranty service
consumers
VINFAST VF8 121

- S2+S3+S5,T1:
Created many
cooperation
campaigns with
Chevrolet to
promote the brand
thanks to
abundant financial
resources and
good brand image
2. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES
Vinfast will use a market approach strategy in the direction of assembling

cars in Vietnam and exporting CBU to the London market. When
compared to building a factory, the cost of exporting complete units will
be more cost effective for the company because the import tax for electric
vehicles will be favored by the UK government.
3. MARKETING MIX (4P)
3.1 Product
VF8 is a car manufactured and designed by Vinfast company in Vietnam
The outstanding advantages of VF8:
VINFAST VF8 122

- Luxurious design and integrated with a series of advanced technologies

for the car. VF8 is the result of Vinfast's cooperation with a series of
famous international partners in the fields of vehicle design such as
Pininfarina of Italy, battery production (Prologium - Taiwan, Storedot -
Israel,...), development Digital technology development (Cerence -
USA,...)
- Self-driving features with ADAS advanced driver assistance system,
bring a sense of security when you are on the road
- Protection systems to the highest standards of quality and safety such as
dTPMS tire pressure monitoring technology; the battery is waterproof,
explosion-proof and durable; 11 airbags in the car seat system,...
- Ability to protect the environment, VinFast has focused on researching
and developing battery technology to ensure standards from Europe. In
addition to being waterproof, explosion-proof, ensuring safe mobility,
electric car batteries also help cars effectively protect the environment.
3.2 Price
● What value does the VF 8 ECO provide to the customer?
Price range: 37000 GBP to 44600 GBP Gift Voucher worth 5000 GBP when
purchasing Vinfast VF8 Free ADS + Smart Service package worth 4500 GBP
With the car, you get a free mobile charger.
The starting price is 37000 GBP. The VF8 Eco series will be on sale for free for
the first six months in the London market, after which the price will rise to GBP
39000. The VF8 Plus series increased the price from 44000 GBP to 46000 GBP.
The price of the package will rise from 5000 GBP to 5250 GBP.
VinFast will pay for all maintenance, repair, and battery replacement costs if the
charging capacity falls below 70% in the first 1.5 years after a customer
purchases a car. Customers can rent batteries through a policy of fixed and
flexible packages. In this case, the fixed package will not restrict movement; the
monthly subscription for VF 8 is 100 GBP (tax included). Flexible package for
customers with limited mobility, with a monthly travel range of 500 km. Help
customers have a safe and enjoyable driving experience on every journey by
supporting the VinFast Smart Driving package. VinFast Smart Driving costs
7,250 euros (VAT included) for a one-time payment in the European market, or
150 euros for a monthly payment package (including VAT). The equivalent in
VINFAST VF8 123

the London is 6276 GBP for one-time payments and 130 GBP for monthly
payments.
● Payment method and payment term

+ Payment method:
Cash payment: 2% off when paying half the contract value in advance, and 5%
off when paying full contract value in one payment.Payment of interest-free
installments over the specified term.
Credit card payment: 1% of the contract value will be refunded.
+ Payment term: The minimum term for monthly and quarterly installment
payments is three years, and the maximum term is six years.
3.3 Place
● Distribution Channel Structure
VINFAST VF8 124

- B2B2C, or business-to-business-to-consumer, is an eCommerce model

where businesses access customers through a third party but are unable to
interact directly through their own brand.
- B2B2C is a business model reflecting the cooperation between two
business entities (B2B) to bring products to the final consumer (B2C).
- B2B2C can be viewed as a variant business model, taking full advantage
of the strengths from two popular business models, B2B and B2C.
● Vinfast's distribution strategy
Vinfast will apply a B2B2C strategy to VF8 Eco products in the London
market. Vinfast's distribution system operates in the following directions:
Vinfast -> Distributor -> Customer.
1. Distributing on the website
*Sales websites in London
- Vinfast will cooperate with Autouncle to sell its products on their website
- Arnold Clark has over 60 years of experience and has been awarded AM
Online's Best Retail Group and Best Dealer Website for 2016. Therefore,
Arnold Clark is a suitable partner for Vinfast to expand its distribution
channel
VINFAST VF8 125

*Cooperation and development with partners

- On the main homepage of VinFast, there will still be a car buying
category at the London location. However, VinFast will link with its
partners to cooperate and develop together. On the homepage, VinFast
will attach the links of partner showrooms in London. Otherwise,
Vinfast's cars will appear on their website.
- However, when consulting the car models at the websites that VinFast
distributes, customers will not know the price. Instead, customers will
message the website for advice. At this time, online sales consultants are
responsible for taking care of and selling cars to customers. This strategy
is to help Vinfast increase its car sales to a higher limit, limiting the fact
that customers only refer to the car but do not buy it when they do not
fully understand the value of the product.
2. Distributing at showroom agents

Distributors, not dealers owned by Vinfast, but here are dealers, famous
and large car showrooms in London, which sell cars that are favored by the
market here. Vinfast will sign a cooperation agreement to display the company's
brand and products in these places. From there, Vinfast can reach many
customers of the partner, they can easily experience, and know more
information about the product. When selling to these places, customers will also
trust the quality of the product, reducing the operating costs of the product.
Features of car showroom selection:
- Located in the central area of the city of London.
- Near shopping centers, companies, and a crowded population.
VINFAST VF8 126

- Near bus and subway stations to attract more customers.
Amian Cars Showroom.

Amian Cars with headquarters in both London (UK) and Cologne
(Germany) is one of the major showrooms in Europe. Many top supercars have
been sold here such as Lamborghini Murcielago LP670-4 SV, Mercedes-Benz
SLR Stirling Moss, Koenigsegg CCR Evolution…
Pegasus Autohouse.
Pegasus Autohouse is a reservation agent based in Central London that prides
itself on providing honest and individualized service to its growing customer
base in London and around the world. Our passion for selling the highest quality
marques with both left and right steering, with a keen eye for reserved cars in an
ever-changing market, keeps us competitive and relevant.
VINFAST VF8 127

3.4 Promotion
- Advertising campaign: “Be Vinfast, be Green like London”

● With this campaign, we link the product of Vinfast, which is a brand from
Vietnam, with the trend that London is aiming for. The proof is that in
2023, the British government will ban petrol vehicles from entering
London city. This is considered a favor for luxuries like electric cars.
Because of this, we want to show our London customers that our
ambition is to drive "greening the vehicle". This campaign was created to
imprint in the minds of customers that: "Be Vinfast, be Green like
London", which means if you want a zero-emission environment in
London like an environment lover, Let’s use Vinfast's products.
● Advertising channel: Premium print magazine.
- PR campaign: “Clean energy”
● With this campaign, we associate products from Vietnam, specifically
Vinfast Brand, with the trend that London is aiming for. By inviting
LeBron James (1 basketball star). We want to show our London
customers that our ambition is to use "clean energy". This campaign was
born to take advantage of the influence of celebrities to propagate people
to use and use a clean energy source to help reduce environmental
pollution and climate change as complicated as it is today.
4. METHODS OF PAYMENT
4.1 CASH IN ADVANCE
In England, the form of cash circulation has also changed a lot, so cash payment
is indispensable. Create favorable conditions for customers to buy and sell.
• Buyer will deposit 35% of the contract value in advance cash advance. The
remaining 65% payment applies to all forms when goods are available and
complete the import procedures at the port of London, England.
• The seller (Vinfast Company) will deliver the goods to the distribution
intermediaries after the buyer pays 65% of the contract value. Then the seller
sends the payment successfully at the bank to the buyer.
4.2 LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)
VINFAST VF8 128

Two exporters and importers agree to open L/C in the form: Deferred payment
Payment letter of credit.
This is the L/C that stipulates the payment to the seller in installments from the
date of delivery (date of B/L) or the date of presentation (date of presentation).
Under this L/C, the seller delivers the goods and presents the documents as
specified in the L/C. When the documents are determined by the Bank to be
valid, the Bank will accept payment and make payment on the specified due
date, can be paid once or in installments by agreement.
4.3 OPEN ACCOUNTS (BANK)
Buyer will open an L/C account at Standard Chartered Bank. Standard

Chartered is one of the oldest banks established in the UK by the merger of two
banks, Standard Bank and Chartered Bank. Standard Chartered is a leading
international group operating in the banking sector, with a presence in 59
dynamic markets around the world and serving customers in more than 85
markets.
Vinfast company will be the company providing electric cars for Buyers. They
will open an account L/C at Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade Vietcombank
(VCB). VCB was a bank company headquartered in Hanoi, Vietnam. It was
being the first state commercial bank chosen for pilot privatization by the
Government, Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam
officially came into operation on 02/06/2008, after successfully implementing
the equitization plan through IPO.
We chose these two banks because their banks have been linked together
between two countries Vietnam and England. In addition, Standard Chartered
bank has a bank in Vietnam, Standard Chartered has a history of operation
dating back to 1904 when the Bank established its first branch in Ho Chi Minh
City. In 2009, Standard Chartered Bank (Vietnam) Ltd. officially went into
operation, marking an important milestone in the Bank's development history in
Vietnam.
4.4 CONSIGNMENT SALES
VINFAST VF8 129

Consignment sales are a type of commercial transaction that one party (shipper)
offers products for sale to another party (consignee). As CIP (Unconditional
Condition 2010), the seller entrusts the goods to be shipped by sea.
4.5 SIGHT, TIME OR DATE DRAFTS
L/C opening date: October 24, 2022
L/C expiry date: November 24, 2022
Port of departure: Saigon Port, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;
Port of destination: London port, United Kingdom.
Mission:
• Consignee: Vinfast Company
• Consignee: Buyers
Logistics consignee in Vietnam: Gemadept Logistics Company
VINFAST VF8 130

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International Marketing Lecture: Phạm Quốc Luyến

University of Economics and Finance

HCMC, October 20 th, 2022

A.CULTURAL ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 5

VIII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION .............................................................. 61

I . Company .............................................................................................................. 112

VINFAST's goal is to become the leading automobile manufacturer in Southeast

Vinfast Vf8 Eco ( Vf e35 ):

II. Brief discussion of the country's relevant history

III. Geographical setting

The Spring in UK The Summer in UK

The Autumn in UK The Winner in UK

Much of the UK's terrain is lowlands interspersed with mountains. England

accounting for 1/6 of the island's area.

IV) Social institutions:

couples, and 23% lone-parent families (compared with an average 13% in

b)The extended family:

c) Dynamics of the family:

d) Female/male roles (changing or static?)

Normally studying at university in the UK is 3 years, students will receive a

The UK is a constitutional monarchy, this means that a monarch acts as Head of

King Charles III Prime Minister Liz Truss

Although the British government has central power, a certain amount of

e) Role of local government :

libraries, social services, consumer protection, ownership or use of property ,

Protection of Industrial Property, the Universal Copyright Convention, the

A brief picture guide to British table etiquette.

too many – try to avoid aggression, over-emotion or impoliteness. Yes, that

V. Religion and aesthetics

1.Religion and other belief systems

non-religious. This number is one of the highest in Europe, although it follows a

Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet By Godfrey Kneller, 1716

William Hogarth, Marriage A-la-Mode (Hogarth), c. 1743-45

Thomas Hudson, Portrait of John Byng, 1749

Thomas Gainsborough, The Blue Boy, 1770

Joseph Wright of Derby, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump, 1768

Sir Joshua Reynolds, The Age of Innocence, 1785–88

John Constable, Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, 1831

J. M. W. Turner, The Rigi, 1842

Ophelia, by John Everett Millais, 1851-52

Lord Leighton, 1855, Cimabue's celebrated Madonna is carried in Procession

John Duncan Fergusson, People and Sails at Royan, 1910

Roger Fry, River with Poplars, c. 1912

Contemporary art, post-modern, contemporary British art, particularly that of

Waltzes dance in Scotland

During most of the 1990s, Cool Britannia is a

d) Folklore and relevant symbols

from generation to generation, so were the dances and songs in the

VI. Living conditions:

1. Diet and nutrition:

Meat consumption trends largely follow economic conditions in the United

consumption choices. The price of meat also affects UK consumers'

● Vegetable consumption rates:

The traditional English breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, fried

The evening meal is usually called "tea", "dinner", or "supper". A typical

now favoured as the "British Dinner".

● THE SUNNY ROAST DINNER

● Tea & cream cake - Typical culture of British cuisine:

● Yorkshire Pudding - A delicious cake that makes the highlight of British