SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET (MARCH 2021)

Time : 2 Hours ] [ Total Marks : 40

[ NOTE : This examination was not conducted due to Covid-19.]



BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – MARCH 2021 : STD. X [SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)] 1

 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)
BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET (SEPTEMBER 2021)
(With Full Solution)
Time : 2 Hours ] [ Total Marks : 40

Note  :  ii(i) All questions are compulsory.

i(ii) Use of a calculator is not allowed.
(iii) The numbers to the right of the questions indicate full marks.
 (iv) In case of MCQs (Q. No. 1 (A), only the first attempt will be evaluated and will
be given credit.
 i(v) For each MCQ, the correct alternative (A), (B), (C) or (D) with subquestion
number is to be written as an answer.
E.g. : (i) (A), (ii) (B), (iii) (C).
 (vi) Scientifically correct, labelled diagrams should be drawn wherever necessary.

Q. 1. (A)  Write the correct alternative : 5

(i) When current I, flows through a circuit with resistance R, the heat
produced in the resistor in time t will be .
(A)  IRt (B)  IR2t
(C)  I2Rt (D)  IRt2
(ii) element belongs to the eighteenth group.
(A)  Na (B)  CI
(C)  Fe (D)  Ne
(iii) is a satellite launch vehicle.
(A)  PSLV (B)  GSAT
(C)  IRNSS (D)  INSAT
(iv) The phenomenon in which the ice converts to liquid due to applied
pressure and then reconverts to ice once the pressure is removed is
called .
(A)  boiling (B)  regelation
(C)  freezing (D)  evaporation
(v) As we go above the earth’s surface, the value of g .
(A)  increase (B)  becomes zero
(C)  doesn’t change (D)  decreases

2 BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)]

Q. 1. (B)  Answer the following : 5
(i) Find the co-relation :
Object at infinity : At focus F2 : : Object between F1 and 2F1 :  .
(ii) State whether the given statement is true or false :
In a chemical equation, the reactants are written on the right hand
side and the products on the left hand side.
(iii) Name the law shown in the given figure :

(iv) Match the correct pair :

Column A Column B
Anomalous behaviour of water (a)  0 °C to  10 °C
(b)  0 °C to 4 °C
(c)  0 °C to 10 °C

(v) What is meant by space debris ?

Q. 2. (A)  Give scientific reasons : (any two) 4
(i) Elements belonging to the same group have the same valency .
(ii) It is necessary to have earthing connections in home electrical circuits.
(iii) Sodium is always kept in kerosene.
Q. 2. (B)  Answer the following questions : (any three) 6
(i) A tennis ball is thrown up and reaches a height of 5 m before coming
down. What was its initial velocity ? (Assume g  10 m/s2).
(ii) Identify the process shown in the figure and write its two uses :

(iii) State the Laws of Refraction.

BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)] 3

 (iv) Balance the given chemical equations : (Do not write the steps.)
(a)  H2S  SO2 IIIIIJ S    H2O
(b)  MnO2  HCl IIIIIJ MnCl2  H2O  Cl2 
i(v) Write a note on Persistence of Vision.

Q. 3. Answer the following : (any five) 15

(i) (a)  What is the chemical formula of rust ?
(b) Give the electrochemical reaction of rusting of iron at anode and
cathode region.
(ii) Answer the questions with reference to the given figure :

(a)  From where to where is heat transferred ?

(b) Which principle do we learn about from this process ?
(c) Which property of the substance is measured using this principle ?
(iii) The electronic configuration of metal A is 2, 8, 1 and that of metal B is
2, 8, 2 :
(a)  Which of the two metals is more reactive ?
(b)  Identify the name of the more reactive element.
(c)  Write its reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(iv) Complete the following table :

IRNSS

Weather study and predict

Earth’s
observation

(v) Write any three points of differentiation between Myopia and

Hypermetropia.
(vi) Saturated hydrocarbons are classified into three types. Write these names
giving one example each.
(vii) Who will spend more electrical energy 500 W TV set in 30 minutes or
600 W heater in 20 minutes?
(viii)  State the demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table.

4 BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)]

Q. 4. Answer the following questions : (any one) 5
(i) With the help of a neat labelled diagram explain – A rainbow is the
combined effect of refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection of light.
(ii) Answer the following :
(a)  Draw a neat labelled diagram for esterification reaction.
(b)  Give the molecular formula for ester.
(c)  State the property of ester.
(d)  Give two uses of ester.

BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)] 5

SOLUTION : BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET (SEPTEMBER 2021)
Q. 1. (A)
(i) (C)     
(ii) (D)
(iii) (A)
(iv) (B)
(v) (D)

Q. 1. (B)
(i) Beyond 2F2
(ii) False
(iii) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.
(iv) Anomalous behaviour of water – 0 °C to 4 °C.
(v) In a space nonessential objects such as the parts of launchers and satellites,
revolving around the earth are called the debris in space.
Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence
electron in the outermost shell of an atom of an element.
(2) All the elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons.
Therefore, elements in the same group should have the same valency.
For example, the elements of group I contain only one valence electron;
the valency of elements of group I is one. Similarly for group II, the
valency is two.
(ii) (1) The live and the neutral wires have potential difference of 220 V. The
‘earth’ wire is connected to the ground.
(2) Due to a fault in the equipment or if the plastic coating on the live and
neutral wire gives away.
(3) The two wires come in contact with each other and a large amount of
current flows through it producing heat. To prevent this excess flow of
current earthing wire is used to prevent from shock.
(iii) (1) Sodium reacts so vigorously with atmospheric oxygen that it catches
fire if kept in the open.
(2) It does not react with kerosene and sinks in it. Hence, to protect sodium
and to prevent accidental fires it is always kept in kerosene.

6 BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)]

Q. 2. (B)
(i) Data : h  5 m, g   10 m/s2, v  0 m/s, u  ?
As the object moves upwards,
v2   u2     2as 
    u2  2 ( g)h   ( B a    g)
Now, v0 m/s
u22gh  2  10 m/s2  5 m
u2  100 (m/s)2 
 u  10 m/s
(ii) In the figure, Process of Electroplating is shown.
Use : (i)  Silver-plated spoon   (ii)  Gold-plated ornament.
(iii) Laws of refraction of light :
(1) The incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the
normal to the surface at the point of incidence and all the three, i.e.,
the incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal are in the same
plane.
(2) For a given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence
to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell’s law). This
constant is called the refractive index of the second medium with
respect to the first medium.
(iv) (a)  2H2S  SO2 IIIIIJ 3S  2H2O
(b)  MnO2  4HCl IIIIIJ MnCl2 2H2O  Cl2
(v) Persistence of vision : We see an object when its image is formed on the
retina. The image disappears when the object is removed from our sight.
But this is not instantaneous and the image remains imprinted on the
1
retina for about   th of a second after the removal of the object. The
16
sensation on the retina persists for a while. This effect is known as the
persistence of vision. It is due to persistence of vision that we continue to
1
see the object in its position for about  th of a second after it is removed.
16
Example : When a burning stick of incense is moved fast in a circle, a
circle of red light is seen.

Q. 3. (i) (a)  Chemical formula of rust : Fe2O3·H2O

2
(b)  Reaction of anode : Fe(s) IIIIIJ Fe(aq)  2e 

Reaction of cathode : O2(g)  4H(aq)  4e  IIIIIJ 2H2O(l)
(ii) (a)  Hot object to cold object.
(b)  Principle of heat exchange.
(c)  Specific heat of substance.

BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)] 7

 (iii) (a) If the number of electrons in the outermost orbit is less, then the metal
is more reactive. Metal A contains one electron in the outermost shell,
while metal B contains two electrons. Hence, metal A is more reactive than
metal B.
(b)  Metal A is sodium and metal B is magnesium.
(c)  Reactions of Na and Mg with dil. HCl are,
  2Na  2HCl  IIIIIJ 2NaCl(aq)  H2(g)
Sodium dil. HCl Sodium Hydrogen
chloride
Mg  2HCl  IIIIIJ Mg Cl2  H2(g)

Magnesium dil. HCl Magnesium Hydrogen
chloride

(iv)
To fix the location in
Navigational
IRNSS terms of precise latitude
Satellite
and longitude

Weather study and

INSAT Weather Satellite
predict

Earth observation Observation of

IRS
satellite the earth

(v)

Farsightedness ( Hypermetropia ) Nearsightedness ( Myopia )

1. In hypermetropia, a human eye 1. In myopia, a human eye can see
can see distant objects distinctly near objects distinctly, but is unable
but is unable to see nearby objects to see distant objects clearly.
clearly.
2. Possible reasons of the defect : 2. Possible reasons of the defect :
(i) The curvature of the cornea and (i) The curvature of the cornea and
the eye lens decreases. Hence, the the eye lens increases. The
converging power of the eye lens muscles near the lens cannot relax
becomes less. so that the converging power of
(ii) The distance between the eye the lens remains large.
lens and retina decreases (ii) The eyeball elongates so that the
( relative to the normal eye ) and distance between the lens and the
the focal length of the eye lens retina increases.
becomes very large due to the
flattening of the eyeball.

8 BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)]

 Farsightedness ( Hypermetropia ) Nearsightedness ( Myopia )
3. In this case, the image of a nearby 3. In this case, the image of a distant
object would be formed behind the object is formed in front of the
retina. retina.
4. This defect can be corrected using 4. This defect can be corrected using a
a convex lens of appropriate concave lens of appropriate power.
power.

(Note : Students should write required points according to marks allotted for

question.)
(vi) (i) Straight chain – Propane (C3H8)
(ii) Branched chain – Isobutane (C4H10)
(iii) Cyclic hydrocarbon – Cyclohexane (C6H12)
(vii) Data : P1  500 W, P2  600 W
30 1
t1  30 min    h   h ,
60 2
20 1
t2  20 min   h   h
60 3
Electrical energy used  Pt
1
TV set : P1t1  500 W   h  250 W.h
2
1
Heater : P2t2  600 W   h  200 W.h
3
Thus, the TV set will spend more electrical energy than the heater.
(viii) (1) The elements cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) have the same whole number
atomic mass. As a remit there was an ambiguity regarding their sequence
in Mendeleev’s periodic table.
(2) Isotopes were discovered long time after Mendeleev put forth the periodic
table. A challenge was posed in placing isotopes in Mendeleev’s periodic
table as isotopes have the same chemical properties but different atomic
masses.
(3) The rise in atomic mass does not appear to be uniform when elements are
arranged in an increasing order of atomic masses. It was not possible,
therefore, to predict how many elements could be discovered between two
heavy elements.
(4) Position of hydrogen : Hydrogen shows similarity with halogens (group
VII). For example, the molecular formula of hydrogen is H2 while the
molecular formulae of fluorine and chlorine are F2 and Cl2, respectively.
In the same way, there is a similarity in the chemical properties of
hydrogen and alkali metals (group I). There is a similarity in the molecular

BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)] 9

 formulae of the compounds of hydrogen alkali metals (Na, K, etc.) formed
with chlorine and oxygen. On considering the above properties, it is
difficult to decide the correct position of hydrogen whether it is in the
group of alkali metals (group I) or in the group of halogens (group VII).

Compounds of H Compounds of Na
HCl NaCl
H2O Na2O
H2S Na2S
Similarity in hydrogen and alkali metals

Element Compounds
Compounds
(Molecular with
with metals
formula) nonmetals
H2 NaH CH4
Cl2 NaCl CCl4
Similarity in hydrogen and halogens

Q. 4. (i) (1) The formation of a rainbow in the sky is a combined result of refraction,

dispersion, internal reflection and again refraction of sunlight by water

droplets present in the atmosphere after it has rained.

Formation of a rainbow (Schematic diagram)

Here, for simplicity only violet and red colours are shown. The remaining
five colours lie between these two.

(2) The sunlight is a mixture of seven colours : violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow,

orange and red. After it has stopped raining, the atmosphere contains a large

number of water droplets. When sunlight is incident on a water droplet,

there is (i)  refraction and dispersion of light as it passes from air to water

(ii)  internal reflection of light inside the droplet and (iii)  refraction of light

as it passes from water to air.

10 BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)]

 (3) The refractive index of water is different for different colours, being

maximum for violet and minimum for red. Hence, there is dispersion of

light ( separation into different colours ) as it passes from air to water. [ See

figure for reference. ]

(4) The combined action of different water droplets, acting like tiny prisms, is

to produce a rainbow with red colour at the outer side and violet colour at

the inner side. The remaining five colours lie between these two.

The rainbow is seen when the sun is behind the observer and water droplets in

the front.
(ii) (a) 

(b)  CH3  COO  CH2  CH3.
(c)  Esters have sweet odour.
(d)  (1)  Making fragrances.   (2)  Making flavouring agents.

*  *  *

BOARD’S ACTIVITY SHEET – SEPTEMBER 2021 : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)] 11