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UPDATED TO 2017-19 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE
COMPUTER
SCIENCE (0478)
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE SYLLABUS
CAIE IGCSE COMPUTER SCIENCE (0478)

1. Algorithm Design &

Problem-Solving
1.1. Problem-solving & Design
Every computer system is made up of sub-systems, which
are in turn
made up of further sub-systems.
Top-down Design – The breaking down of a computer
system into
sub-systems, then breaking each sub-system
into smaller sub-systems,
until each one only performs a
single action. A structure diagram
diagrammatically
represents top-down design. Example below.

Test data – All the items of data required to work through

a
solution. It is inputted into the program and compared
with the
expected results. Examples are for a school
grade
Normal – 28; 64; 98 - Accept
Erroneous/Abnormal – eleven; -12; 158 - Reject
Extreme – 0; 100 – Accept
Boundary – 0; -1 – Accept; Reject
Validation – Automated checking by a program that data
is
reasonable before it is accepted as an input.
Range – Accepts numbers within a specified range 1.2. Pseudocode & Flowcharts
Length – Accepts data with an exact number of
characters OR has
a reasonable amount of characters Pseudocode - Verbal representation of an algorithm (a
Type – Accepts data with a certain data type process or
set of steps) and flowcharts are a
Character – Accepts data without invalid characters diagrammatic representation.
Format – Accepts data that conforms to a specified Flowcharts
patter/format
Presence – Requires data to be inputted
Verification – Checking that data has been accurately
copied
onto the computer or transferred from one part of
a computer system
to another.
Double entry – Data is entered twice and compared
Visual/Screen – Manual check compared by the user
Sub-routine - Block of code that can be called and
accessed by a
main program.
Functions are sub-routines that return a single value
Trace Tables: A technique used to test algorithms, in
order to
make sure that no logical errors occur whilst the
algorithm is being
processed.

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Input & Output (READ & PRINT) – Used to receive and FOR…TO…NEXT- Will run for a determined/known
display data
to the user respectively amount of times

REPEAT… UNTIL – Will run at least once till condition is

satisfied; Verification is done after running code

WHILE…DO…ENDWHILE – May not ever run;

Verification is done
before running code

Assignment - Each variable is assigned using a left arrow.

Conditional Statements: 2. Programming

IF…THEN…ELSE…ENDIF – 1 condition

2.1. Programming Concepts

Declaration & Usage of Variables & Constants
Variable – Store of data which changes during
execution of the
program (due to user input)
Constant – Store of data that remains the same
during the
execution of the program
Basic Data Types
Integer – Whole Number e.g. 2; 8; 100
Real – Decimal Number e.g. 7.00; 5.64
Char – Single Character e.g. a; Y
String – Multiple Characters (Text) e.g. ZNotes; COOL
Boolean – Only 2 Values e.g. True/False; Yes/No; 0/1

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Sequence – Statements are executed in order. E.g.
CASE…OF…OTHERWISE…ENDCASE – Multiple conditions Variables must
first be declared, and then used.
and corresponding
consequences Selection – Allows data items to be picked according
to given
criteria. E.g. Finding the highest/smallest
value
Repetition – Causes statements to be repeated (loops)
Totalling – Used with repetition, to keep the total
updated.
E.g.

Counting – Used with repetition to increment the counter

by 1, each
time the loop is repeated. E.g.

2.2. Data Structures; Arrays

Declaration

Loop Structures:

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Field: Field Name

Table: Table Name
Sort: Ascending (A-Z) or Descending (Z-A)
Show: Checked (Present) or Empty (Absent)
Use of FOR Loop to Read & Write
Criteria:

TEXT
Criteria Name Written As Function
Contains Like (“*x*”) Values that contain x
Does Not Not like
Values that do not contain x
Contain (“*x*”)
Begins With Like (“x*”) Values beginning with x
3. Databases Ends With Like (“*x”) Values ending with x
Values that come before x in
Comes After >= “x”
3.1. Data types alphabetical order
Values that come after x in
The data type names are different in Access: Comes Before <= “x”
alphabetical order
Real – Number
String – Text
NUMBERS
Boolean – Yes/No
Criteria Name Written As Function
Between “x” Values in the range
3.2. Primary Key Between
and “y” between x and y
It is a field that uniquely identifies each record. E.g. Less Than <x Values smaller than x
Student
code will be the primary key in a school Less Than or Equal Values smaller than or
<=x
database. To equal to x

Greater Than >x Values larger than x

Greater Than or Values larger than or
>=x
Equal To equal to x

DATES
Criteria Name Written As Function
Between
Dates between the
Between “#mm/dd/yyyy#” and
specified dates
3.3. Query-By-Example (QBE) “#mm/dd/yyyy#”
Dates before a certain
Before < “#mm/dd/yyyy#”
date
Dates after a certain
After > “#mm/dd/yyyy#”
date
Records containing
Today =Date()
today’s date
Records containing
x Days Before
<=Date()-x dates x or more days
Today
in the past

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Computer Science (0478)

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