Chapter 1

Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections, 2e, Global Edition (Appling et al.
)
Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry
1) The water content in the human body is approximately ________.

A) 90%
B) 80%
C) 70%
D) 60%
Answer: C
Bloom's Level: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1
2) The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are ________.
A) Hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus
B) Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
C) Sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen
D) Sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur
Answer: B
3) A large majority of proteins contain ________.

A) Cobalt
B) Phosphorus
C) Selenium
D) Sulfur
Answer: D
4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
D) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions.
Answer: D
5) Which of the following is NOT classified as a lipid?

A) Cholesterol
B) Palmitic acid
C) Glycerol
D) Phosphatidyl serine
Answer: C
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6) Which of the following organic compounds CANNOT be produced without the use of
enzymes?
A) Amino acids
B) Urea
C) Hydrogen cyanide
D) Polysaccharides
Answer: D
7) ________ are the basis of many biochemical reactions and pathways.

A) Oxidation-reduction reactions
B) Anapleurotic reactions
C) Platinum-catalyzed reactions
D) Combustible reactions
Answer: A
8) Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the
removal of ________.
A) CO2
B) Water
C) NH4+
D) PO4-3
Answer: B
9) The principle component of a biological membrane is a ________.

A) Triglyceride
B) Carbohydrate
C) Protein
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: A
10) The chemical element of ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in the
structure of nucleic acids.
A) Carbon
B) Magnesium
C) Phosphorus
D) Zinc
Answer: C
2
11) Which of the following is NOT a major class of biological macromolecules?
A) Proteins
B) Nucleic acids
C) Lipids
D) Chlorophylls
Answer: D
12) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because they
have both ________ and ________ functional groups.
A) Exergonic, Endergonic
B) Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic
C) Enthalpic, Entropic
D) Organic, Inorganic
Answer: B
13) Genomics is concerned with the entire ________.

A) Cell
B) Lipid network
C) Genome
D) Proteome
Answer: C
14) Wohler showed that a chemical found only in living organisms can be made from inorganic
substances when he synthesized ________.
A) Ammonium cyanate
B) Amino acids
C) Urea
D) Uric acid
Answer: C
15) The lock-and-key theory described the action of ________.

A) Enzymes as keys that fit different chemicals
B) Substrates as keys that fit different enzymes
C) Enzymes as locks that fit other enzymes
D) Substrates as locks that fit different enzymes
Answer: B
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16) According to Crick's Central Dogma of molecular Biology, there can be NO transfer of
information from ________.
A) DNA to RNA
B) RNA to RNA
C) RNA to protein
D) Protein to RNA
Answer: D
17) Which linkage(s) occur extensively in nucleotides?

A) Amide
B) Ester
C) Phosphate ester
D) Ether
Answer: C
18) Which functional group is shown?
A) Primary amine
B) Acyl
C) Amide
D) Anhydride
Answer: C
19) Proteins in biological membranes ________.

A) May be porous
B) May not be attached to the membrane surface
C) May not span the membrane
D) May be integrally-bound only
Answer: D
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20) Sugars such as glucose are monomers of polysaccharides that are linked together when
covalent bonds form between one ________ groups of one sugar to the same group on another
sugar.
A) Ester
B) Carboxyl
C) Amino
D) Hydroxyl
Answer: D
21) Which statement about cellulose is FALSE?

A) It is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.
B) Its monomers are joined by glycosidic bonds.
C) It is present in the stems of flowering plants.
D) It is a branched polymer of glucose.
Answer: D
22) The essential attributes of all living things include all EXCEPT ________.
A) Program
B) Improvisation
C) Compartmentalization
D) Emotion
Answer: D
23) Prokaryotes are valuable tools for biochemists because ________.

A) E. coli is well-studied and typical of prokaryotes
B) They contain as many genes as eukaryotic cells
C) Many of their chromosomes are sequenced
D) They are not very diverse organisms
Answer: C
24) Which cellular component carries out oxidation reactions, some of which produce hydrogen
peroxide?
A) Peroxisomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Chloroplasts
D) Lysosomes
Answer: A
5
25) Which cellular component carries the secretion and transport of biosynthesized proteins?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi complex
D) Lysosomes
Answer: C
26) The theory which demonstrated that metabolic processes were chemical in nature in absence
of cells is known as ________.
A) Spontaneous production
B) Aerobic production
C) Fermentation
D) Biogenesis
Answer: C
27) ________ has permitted rapid advances in our understanding of structural macromolecules
from living cells.
A) Biogenesis
B) Biokinetics
C) Biothermodynamics
D) Bioinformatics
Answer: D
Bloom's Level: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
28) The role of DNA as the ________ material was confirmed by transforming Streptococci in
experiments performed several years after the famous Watson and Crick description of DNA
structure.
A) Heredity
B) Genetic
C) Linkage
D) Primary
Answer: B
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29) ________ is generally in reference to how the flow of information is transferred from nucleic
acid to protein.
A) Central Dogma
B) Central Concept
C) Central Idea
D) Central Genome
Answer: A
30) Portions of biological compounds, found in living cells that can be reactive are known as
________.
A) Fixed groups
B) Static groups
C) Functional groups
D) Essential groups
Answer: D
31) Under acidic conditions, amino groups are mostly ________.

A) Partially protonated
B) Fully protonated
C) Partially deprotonated
D) Fully deprotonated
Answer: B
32) When monomers covalently attach to each other to form a macromolecule, what product is
often formed?
A) CO2
B) O2
C) NH2
D) Water
Answer: D
7
33) The condensation of the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups of two amino acids results in the
formation of a ________.
A) Lipid bond
B) Peptide bond
C) Monosaccharide bond
D) Non-covalent bond
Answer: B
34) Which of the following can determine whether an enzyme is functional or not?
A) Conformation
B) Size
C) Volume
D) Concentration
Answer: A
35) The ________ projection of the ring form of a monosaccharide always shows a flat plane
with one edge projecting out of the page (using thicker lines).
A) Fischer
B) Crick
C) Haworth
D) Wohler
Answer: C
36) Sugars with six carbons can form ring structures known as ________.
A) Cyclobenzene rings
B) Pyranose rings
C) Disaccharide rings
D) Polysaccharide rings
Answer: B
37) ________ contains both phosphoester and phosphoanhydride linkages.

A) CCK
B) Urea
C) Ammonium Cyanate
D) ATP
Answer: D
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38) A deoxyribose unit in DNA is a ________.
A) Sugar
B) Lipid
C) Protein
D) Fatty acid
Answer: A
39) Lipids self associate in aqueous solvent to form bilayers because they are ________.
A) Amphibolic
B) Amphipathic
C) Amphigenic
D) Amphicatalytic
Answer: B
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Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections, 2e, Global Edition (Appling et al.

1) The water content in the human body is approximately ________.

3) A large majority of proteins contain ________.

4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

5) Which of the following is NOT classified as a lipid?

7) ________ are the basis of many biochemical reactions and pathways.

9) The principle component of a biological membrane is a ________.

13) Genomics is concerned with the entire ________.

15) The lock-and-key theory described the action of ________.

17) Which linkage(s) occur extensively in nucleotides?

18) Which functional group is shown?

19) Proteins in biological membranes ________.

21) Which statement about cellulose is FALSE?

23) Prokaryotes are valuable tools for biochemists because ________.

31) Under acidic conditions, amino groups are mostly ________.

37) ________ contains both phosphoester and phosphoanhydride linkages.

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