CITY REPORT

DARSHAN ANIL PATIL

S.P.S.M.B.H’S COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR

FINAL YEAR SEM IX

ROLL NO: 1823

Pune City Report

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE CITY:

Location map

COUNTRY: INDIA

STATE: Maharashtra

DISTRICT: Pune

LONGITUDE : 23° 1′ 48″ N

LATITUDE : 72° 34′ 48″ E

ALTITUDE: 53 M

AREA: 7256.4 sq. km.

POPULATION: 7.4 million

TIME ZONE: IST (UTC +5:30)

Pune City Report

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CITY:
Pune also known as Poona, (the official name from 1818 until 1978) is one of the most
important industrial and educational hubs of India, with an estimated population of 7.4
million as of 2020. As of 2021, Pune Metropolitan Region is the largest in Maharashtra by
area, with a geographical area of 7,256 sq km. It has been ranked "the most liveable city in
India" several times. Pune is also considered to be the cultural and educational capital of
Maharashtra. Along with the municipal corporation area of PCMC, PMC, and the
three cantonment towns of Camp, Khadki, and Dehu Road, Pune forms the urban core of the
eponymous Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR).
Situated 560 meters (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan plateau, on the right bank of
the Mutha river, Pune is also the administrative headquarters of the Pune district. In the 18th
century, the city was the seat of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire, and
one of the most important political centers in the Indian subcontinent. The city was
previously also ruled by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, the Mughals, and the Adil Shahi dynasty.
Historical landmarks include the Lal Mahal, the Kasba Ganapati temple, and Shaniwar Wada.
Major historical events involving the city include the Mughal–Maratha Wars and the Anglo-
Maratha Wars.
Pune after Bangalore is widely regarded to be the second major IT hub in India It is also the
most important automobile and manufacturing hub of India. Pune has several world-class
educational institutions and is therefore widely regarded as the "Oxford of the East". The city
has emerged as a major global educational hub in recent decades, with nearly half of the total
number of international students in the country studying in Pune. Distinguished institutes of
engineering, information technology, film school as well as management science, and
advanced training, attract students and professionals from India and overseas.

Bajirao Peshwa statue

Pune City Report

HISTORY TIMELINE:
The history of city has going through the phases in recent history.

1) The Maratha Empire

2) The Peshwa rule
3) The British rule
4) Pune since Indian independence

The Maratha Empire

Pune was part of the Jahgir granted to Maloji Bhosale in 1599 for his services to
the Nizamshahi (Ahmadnagar Sultanate). Pune was ruled by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate until
it was annexed by the Mughals in the 17th century. Maloji Bhosale's grandson, Chhatrapati
Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire, was born at the fort of Shivneri, about
90 km from Pune. It changed hands several times between the Mughals and the Marathas in
the period 1680 to 1705.
After the destruction of the town in raids by the Adil Shahi dynasty in 1630 and again
between 1636 and 1647, Dadoji Konddeo, the successor to Dhadphale, oversaw the
reconstruction of the town. He stabilised the revenue collection and administrative systems of
the areas around Pune and the neighbouring Maval region. He also developed effective
methods to manage disputes and to enforce law and order. The Lal Mahal was commissioned
in 1631 and construction was completed in 1640 AD. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj spent his
young years at the Lal Mahal. His mother, Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building
of the Kasba Ganapati temple. The Ganesha idol consecrated at this temple has been regarded
as the presiding deity (Gramadevata) of the city.
From 1703 to 1705, towards the end of the 27-year-long Mughal–Maratha Wars, the town
was occupied by Aurangzeb and its name was changed to Muhiyabad.[21][45] But the name
was erased soon after Aurangzeb's death.

Pune City Report

The Peshwa rule
In 1720, Baji Rao I was appointed Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire by Shahu
I, the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire. As the Peshwa, Bajirao moved his base
from Saswad to Pune in 1728, marking the beginning of the transformation of what was
a kasbah into a large city. He also commissioned the construction of the Shaniwar Wada on
the right bank of the Mutha River. The construction was completed in 1730, ushering in the
era of Peshwa control of the city. Bajirao's son and successor, Nanasaheb constructed a lake
at Katraj on the outskirts of the city and an underground aqueduct to bring water from the
lake to Shaniwar Wada and the city. The aqueduct was still in working order in 2004.
The patronage of the Maratha Peshwas resulted in a great expansion of Pune, with the
construction of around 250 temples and bridges in the city, including the Lakdi Pul and the
temples on Parvati Hill and many Maruti, Vithoba, Vishnu, Mahadeo, Rama, Krishna,
and Ganesh temples. The building of temples led to religion being responsible for about 15%
of the city's economy during this period. Pune prospered as a city during the reign of
Nanasaheb Peshwa. He developed Saras Baug, Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new
commercial, trading, and residential localities. Sadashiv Peth, Narayan Peth, Rasta
Peth and Nana Peth were developed. The Peshwa's influence in India declined after the defeat
of Maratha forces at the Battle of Panipat but Pune remained the seat of power. In 1802 Pune
was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona, directly precipitating the Second
Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. The Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao
II by the British East India Company in 1818.
Historian Govind Sakharam Sardesai lists 163 prominent families that held high ranks and
played significant roles in politics, military, and finance in 18th century Pune. Of these 163
families, a majority(80) were Deshastha Brahmins, 46 were Chitpawan, 15
were Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu(CKP) whereas Karhade
Brahmin and Saraswat accounted for 11 families each.

Pune City Report

The British rule
The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British East India
Company in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then spelled Kirkee)
on 5 November near Pune and the city was seized by the British. It was placed under the
administration of the Bombay Presidency and the British built a large military cantonment to
the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army). The Southern Command of the Indian
Army was established in 1895 and has its headquarters in Pune cantonment.
The city of Pune was known as Poona during British rule. Poona Municipality was
established in 1858. A railway line from Bombay to the city opened in 1858, run by the Great
Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR). Navi Peth, Ganj Peth (now renamed Mahatma Phule Peth)
were developed during the British Raj.
Pune was prominently associated with the struggle for Indian independence. In the period
between 1875 and 1910, the city was a centre of agitation led by Gopal Krishna
Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The city was also a centre for social reform led by Gopal
Ganesh Agarkar, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, feminist Tarabai Shinde, Dhondo Keshav
Karve and Pandita Ramabai. They demanded the abolition of caste prejudice, equal rights for
women, harmony between the Hindu and Muslim communities, and better schools for the
poor. Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned at the Yerwada Central Jail several times and placed
under house arrest at the Aga Khan Palace between 1942 and 1944, where both his
wife Kasturba Gandhi and aide Mahadev Desai died. Savarkar used to study in Fergusson
College and performed the "Holi" of foreign items near Mutha river bank.

Pune City Report

Pune since Indian independence
After Indian independence from the British in 1947, Pune saw enormous growth transforming
it into a modern metropolis. The Poona Municipal Council was reorganised to form the Pune
Municipal Corporation (PMC) in 1950. The education sector in the city continued its growth
in the post-independence era with the establishment of the University of Pune
(now, Savitribai Phule Pune University) in 1949, the National Chemical Laboratory in 1950
and the National Defence Academy in 1955.
The establishment of Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 marked the beginning of industrial
development in the Hadapsar, Bhosari, and Pimpri areas. MIDC provided the necessary
infrastructure for new businesses to set up operations. In the 1970s, several engineering
companies were set up in the city, allowing it to vie with Chennai. In the 1990s, Pune began
to attract foreign capital, particularly in the information technology and engineering
industries. IT parks were established in Aundh, Viman
Nagar, Hinjawadi, Wagholi, Kharadi and Balewadi-Baner region. As a result, the city saw a
huge influx of people to the city due to opportunities offered by the manufacturing, and
lately, the software industries.
The breach in the Panshet dam and the resulting flood of 1961 led to severe damage and
destruction of housing close to the river banks. The mishap spurred the development of new
suburbs and housing complexes. To integrate urban planning, the Pune Metropolitan
Region was defined in 1967 covering the area under PMC, the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation, the three cantonments and the surrounding villages.
In 1998 work on the six-lane Mumbai-Pune expressway began; it was completed in 2001. In
2008 the Commonwealth Youth Games took place in Pune, which encouraged development
in the northwest region of the city. On 13 February 2010 a bomb exploded at the German
Bakery in the upmarket Koregaon Park neighbourhood in eastern Pune, killing 17 and
injuring 60. Evidence suggested that the Indian Mujahideen terrorist group carried out the
attack.

Pune City Report

GEOGRAPHY:
Pune is situated at approximately 18° 32" north latitude and 73° 51" east longitude. The city's
total area is 15.642 km2. By road Pune is 1,173 km (729 mi) south of Delhi, 734 km (456 mi)
north of Bangalore, 570 km (350 mi) north-west of Hyderabad and 149 km (93 mi) south-east
of Mumbai.
Pune lies on the western margin of the Deccan plateau, at an altitude of 560 m (1,840 ft)
above sea level. It is on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a
barrier from the Arabian Sea. It is a hilly city, with Vetal Hill rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above
sea level. The Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300 metres (4,300 feet).
The old city of Pune is at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana, a
tributary of Mula river and Indrayani river, a tributary of the Bhima river, traverse the
northwest Neighbourhoods of Pune.

CLIMATE
Pune has a tropical wet and dry climate, closely bordering upon a hot semi-arid climate with
average temperatures ranging between 20 and 28 °C (68 and 82 °F). Pune experiences three
seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-
June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month
in Pune is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high.
Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The
highest temperature recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on 30 April 1897.
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging
from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of the 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city
falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are
not unheard of. For most of December and January the daytime temperature hovers around
29 °C (84.2 °F) while overnight temperatures are below 12 °C (53.6 °F). The lowest
temperature recorded was 1.7 °C (35.1 °F) on 17 January 1935. On March 1 2015, the city
recorded a daytime high of only 18.9°C (66°F), which was the lowest recorded maximum
temperature.

Pune City Report

ECONOMY:
Pune is a well known manufacturing and industrial center of India. With an estimated
nominal GDP of Rs. 3,31,478 crores for year 2019-20, Pune District is the third largest
contributor to the economy of Maharashtra, after Mumbai and Thane. Pune has the fifth
largest metropolitan economy and the sixth highest per capita income in the country. As per
the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Maharashtra), the GDP per
capita of Pune District in 2019-20 was Rs. 3,16,848. Pune has historically been known as a
center for higher education and has been referred to as the educational capital of India. In
2016, it was reported that nearly 500,000 students from across India and abroad study in Pune
at nine universities and more than a hundred educational institutes. Pune is a major
manufacturing and industrial hub. In 2014-15, the manufacturing sector provided
employment to over 500,000 people.
The city serves as headquarters to many companies. The Kirloskar Group came to Pune in
1945 when Kirloskar Brothers Ltd setup Kirloskar Oil Engines, India's largest diesel
engine company, at Khadki. The group has several group companies in Pune
including Kirloskar Pneumatics and the groups flagship company Kirloskar Brothers Limited,
one of India's largest manufacturers and exporters of pumps and the largest infrastructure
pumping project contractor in Asia.[144][145] Kalyani Group based in Pune owns a
subsidiary Bharat Forge which operates world’s largest single location forging facility
consisting of fully automated forging press lines and state-of-the-art machining facility in
Pune. Bajaj Auto is ranked as the world's fourth largest two- and three-wheeler manufacturer
is based in Pune.[148]
The city is known for its automotive industry. A large number of automobile companies such
as Bajaj Auto, Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Skoda cars, Mercedes Benz, Force
Motors, Kinetic Motors, General Motors, Land Rover, Jaguar, Renault, Volkswagen,
and Fiat have there manufacturing plants in Pune primarily in Chakan. The
Independent referred Chakan as India's "Motor City". Serum Institute of India, the world's
fifth largest vaccine producer by volume, is based in Pune.
The Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi is a ₹ 60,000 crore (US$8.9 billion) project by
the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC). The IT Park encompasses an
area of about 2,800 acres (11 km2) and is home to over 800 IT companies of all sizes. Besides
Hinjawadi, IT companies are also located at Magarpatta, Kharadi and several other parts of
the city. As of 2017, the IT sector employs more than 300,000 people. Pune has also emerged
as a new hub for tech startups in India. NASSCOM, in association with MIDC, has started a
co-working space for city based startups under its 10,000 startups initiative
at Kharadi MIDC. Pune Food Cluster development project is an initiative funded by
the World Bank. It is being implemented with the help of Small Industries Development
Bank of India, Cluster Craft to facilitate the development of the fruit and vegetable
processing industries in and around Pune.
Pune is an emerging center for VFX services, with Indian and international studios such
as Anibrain, Reliance Animation,[160] philm CGI,[161] Digikore Studios, HMX Media, Stereo
D, Framestore and Method Studios[162] having established their facilities here.
Major technology companies Ubisoft Pune, Zensar Technologies, Patni Computer
Systems, Persistent Systems, Indiacom, Harbinger Knowledge
Products, Seniority, Monjin, Mylab Discovery Solutions, Quick Heal and KPIT
Technologies are headquartered in Pune. Indian tech giant Infosys was founded in Pune who

Pune City Report

have a mega campus in city. Zensar Technologies is located in a mega campus called Zensar
Park.
The Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions trade is expected to be boosted since the
Pune International Exhibition and Convention Centre (PIECC) opened in 2017. The 97-
hectare PIECC boasts a seating capacity of 20,000 with a floor area of
13,000 m2 (139,931 sq ft). It has seven exhibition centres, a convention centre, a golf course,
a five-star hotel, a business complex, shopping malls, and residences. The US$115 million
project was developed by the Pimpri-Chinchwad New Town Development Authority.
World Trade Center (WTC) Pune is a 1.6 million sq. ft. complex built to foster international
trade. WTC Pune is part of the World Trade Centers Association.

TRANSPORT:
Public transport in Pune includes Pune Suburban Railway, bus services operated
by PMPML and auto rickshaws. Uber and Ola Cabs also operate in the city. Construction
of Pune Metro, an urban mass rapid transit system, is underway as of 2018.

1) Central Railway
2) Rapid transit system(PMPL)
3) Pune metro
4) Airport

Pune metro Rapid transit system(PMPL)

Pune City Report

 EDUCATION:
Pune has over a hundred educational institutes and more than nine deemed universities apart
from the Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU; formerly University of Pune), which is the
largest University in the country based on total number of affiliated colleges. Higher
education institutes attract international students mainly from the Middle Eastern countries
such as Iran, and United Arab Emirates, and also African countries such as Ethiopia and
Kenya. Pune is the largest centre for Japanese learning in India. Other languages taught in the
city include German, which is taught at the Goethe-Institut, and French, which is taught
at Alliance Française. Several colleges in Pune have student exchange programmes with
colleges in Europe.
Primary and secondary Education
The PMC runs 297 primary schools and 30 secondary and higher secondary schools. While it
is mandatory for the PMC to provide primary education under state law, secondary education
is an optional duty. In the rural and suburban areas of the PMR, public primary schools are
run by the Pune Zilla Parishad. Private schools are run by education trusts and are required to
undergo mandatory inspection by the concerned authorities. Private schools are eligible for
financial aid from the state government. Public schools are affiliated to the Maharashtra State
Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (State Board). The language of
instruction in public schools is primarily Marathi, although the PMC also runs Urdu, English
and Kannada medium schools. Along with these languages, private schools also offer
instruction in Hindi and Gujarati. Private schools vary in their choice of curriculum and may
follow the State Board or one of the two central boards of education, the CBSE or CISCE.
Jnana Prabodhini Prashala, located in Sadashiv Peth, is the first school for intellectually
gifted and talented students in India.
Tertiary education
Most colleges in Pune are affiliated to the SPPU (Savitribai Phule Pune University). Nine
other universities have also been established in the city. Pune also hosts the Military
Intelligence Training School which offers diploma courses in counter intelligence, combat
intelligence, aerial imagery and interpretation, among others.
The College of Engineering Pune, an autonomous institute of the government of Maharashtra
founded in 1854, is the third oldest engineering college in Asia. The Deccan Education
Society was founded by local citizens in 1884, including social and political activist Bal
Gangadhar Tilak, who was also responsible for founding Fergusson College in 1885. The
Indian Law Society's (ILS) Law College is one of the top ten law schools in
India. The Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) and B. J. Medical College are among the
top medical colleges in India. The AFMC consistently ranks among the top five medical
colleges in India. The Film and Television Institute of India, one of only three Indian
institutions in the global CILECT film school network, is located on Law College Road. The
Lalit Kala Kendra is an undergraduate department of Music, Dance and Drama on the SPPU
campus that has been operational since 1987. This department features a combination
of gurukul and formal education systems. The College of Military Engineering (CME), the
Army Institute of Physical Training, and the Institute of Armament Technology are also in
Pune.
Symbiosis International University operates 33 colleges and institutions in the city, including
the Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, the Symbiosis Institute of Management

Pune City Report

Studies, the Symbiosis Centre for Management and Human Resource Development, the
Symbiosis Law School and the Symbiosis Institute of International Business. They are ranked
among the top management and law institutes in the country. The Symbiosis Institute of
Computer Studies and Research is one of the few colleges in India that promotes open
source technology.
UWC Mahindra College, one of eighteen United World Colleges worldwide, and the third is
Asia, offering the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program (DP), is located near
Pune.
Research institutes
Pune is home to a number of governmental and non-governmental research institutes focusing
on a wide range of subject areas from the humanities to the sciences. The Ministry of
Defence also runs a number of defence related education, training and research establishments
in and around the city. Major research centers include:

 Agharkar Research Institute (ARI)

 Armament Research Development Establishment (ARDE)
 Armed Forces Medical College (India) (AFMC)
 Army Institute of Technology (AIT)
 Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)
 Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI)
 Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT)
 Central Water and Power Research Station (CW&PRS)
 Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
 Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT)
 Film and Television Institute of India (FTII)
 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics
 High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL)
 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune (IISER, Pune)
 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)
 Inter-university Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics (IUCAA)
 National AIDS Research Institute (NARI)
 National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS)
 National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA)
 National Chemical Laboratory (NCL)
 National Defence Academy (NDA)
 National Informatics Centre (NIC)
 National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM)
 National Institute of Construction Management and Research (NICMAR)
 National Institute of Virology (NIV)
 National School of Leadership (NSL)
 National Insurance Academy (NIA)
 Research & Development Establishment (Engineers) (R&DE(E))
 Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC)

Pune City Report

Pune City Report