SECOND QUARTER, WEEK 3, MODULE 8

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND

POLITICS
TEACHER: MRS. PIA LUZ DE SOLA
FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY

DEFINITION OF EDUCATION TYPES OF EDUCATION

Education is the social institution

1. FORMAL EDUCATION
through which society provides its 2. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
members with important knowledge,
3. INFORMAL EDUCATION
including basic facts, job skills, and
4. SPECIAL EDUCATION
cultural norms and values (John J.
Macionis, 2012).
FORMAL EDUCATION
- It is systematic training of the moral and intellectual  This refers to the hierarchically structured,
faculties of the mind. chronologically graded educational system from
- Education is both the act of teaching knowledge to primary school to the university, including programs
others and the act of receiving knowledge from and institutions for full time technical and vocational
someone else. Education also refers to the training.
knowledge received through schooling or instruction Elementary Elementary education involves
and to the institution of teaching. (1st 6 yrs.) compulsory, formal education
- The act of process of imparting or acquiring a.k.a. primarily concerned with providing
general knowledge, developing the powers of Primary basic education, and usually
reasoning and judgement, and generally of corresponds to a traditional six grades
preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature or seven grades, and in addition, to
preschool programs.
● Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated
(Such preschool education normally
by the Department of Education, commonly referred to
consists of kindergarten schooling but
as the DepEd.
may cover other preparatory courses
● It controls the Philippine educational system, including
as well.)
the creation and implementation of the curriculum and
Secondary Secondary education, public
the utilization of funds allotted by the national
(JHS-SHS) schools and private schools, is
government. It also manages the construction of
concerned primarily with continuing
schools, acquisition of books and other school materials,
basic education of the elementary
and the recruitment of teachers and staff.
level and expanding it to include the
● Before the Philippines attained independence in 1946,
learning of employable, gainful skills,
the country’s education system was patterned after the
usually corresponding to four years of
educational systems of Spain and the United States.
junior high school and two years of
● Spanish and the United States brought educational
senior high school.
practices, which reflected their culture and ideologies.
Tertiary Institutions of higher education may
- During the Spanish time, the function of education (College) be classified as either public or private
was inculcated moral and religious values. Religion college or university, and public
was the core curriculum, and the schools were used institutions of higher education may
to spread Christianity. further be subdivided into two types:
- It mainly served the upper classes; thus, education state universities and colleges and
symbolized “social standing and prestige.” The local colleges and universities.
educated class consisted mostly of ilustrados. (Most institutions of higher learning
- When the Americans came, education was are regulated by the Commission of
focused on the development of new social patterns Higher Education (CHED). Colleges
that would prepare the nation for a self-governing typically offer 1 or more specialized
democracy. programs while universities must offer
- Public institution was institutionalized to give every at least 8 or more different
person the education needed to participate in a self- undergraduate degree programs in a
governing democracy. wide array of subjects and at least 2
or more graduate programs.)
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION SELF-ACTUALIZATION
 It refers to any organized educational activity ● Education develops one’s
outside the established formal system to provide sense of self. According to
selected types of learning to a segment of the Abraham Maslow, self-
population. actualization is the highest
 As a concept, non-formal form of human need. It was
education emerged in response defined as “to become more
to the world crisis in education and more what one is, to
identified by Philip H. Coombs become everything that one is capable of becoming.”
in 1967, who argued that the
formal education system has
failed to address the changing
dynamics of the environment
and the societies. (music, arts)
 Non-formal education enables a student to learn
skills and knowledge through structured learning
experiences. Example: Vocational Education. ALS,
NO AGE LIMIT. ALTERNATIVE LEARNING
SYSTEM.
INFORMAL EDUCATION
 It is a lifelong process whereby every individual
acquires from daily experiences, attitudes, values,
facts, skills, and knowledge or motor skill from
resources in his or her higher environment.
 Basically, we learn on a day-to-day basis from life
itself from the experiences you gain from your
observations. Managing emotion is a part of
informal education. (Self-teaching, adapting) The concept of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is once that
level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and
SPECIAL EDUCATION so on.
 refers to the education of persons who are Physiological needs
physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or - biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air,
culturally different from so-called “normal” food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
individuals, such that they require modification of (If these needs are not satisfied the human body
school practices to develop their potential. cannot function optimally.)
 Special education provides distinct services, Safety needs
curricula, and instructional materials geared to – protection from elements, security, order, law,
pupils or students who are significantly higher or stability, freedom from fear.
lower than the average or norm. SPED aims to Love and belongingness needs
develop the maximums potential of the child with - the need for interpersonal relationships motivates
the special needs to enable him/her to become self- behaviour; you are born to love and to be loved
reliant and take advantage of the opportunities for a (Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and
full and happy life. acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love.
Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY
Esteem needs
Herbert Spencer, British Sociologist,
classified into two categories:
explains functions are important to be
(i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement,
performed as they make the society
mastery, and independence) and
whole. If each function is working well,
(ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others.
society attains progress. He lays down
the functions of education as follows: Self-actualization needs - realizing
personal potential, self-fulfillment,
PRODUCTIVE CITIZENRY
seeking personal growth and peak
● Education systems enable citizens to be productive experiences.
members of a society, as they are equipped with The late president Ramon Magsaysay
knowledge and skills that could contribute to the aptly observed that “education is the
development of their society’s systems and institutions. greatest equalizer of opportunities” for
everybody.
The primary function of education is the - Education has to be free and compulsory at
socialization of the new members of the society. least in the primary level, whereas higher
Other most important objectives of education are: education should be made available on the
1) Teaching basic skills, such as reading, writing, and basis of merit.
arithmetic. - Normative instruments of the United Nations
2) Helping children develop skills in abstracting and UNESCO lay down international legal
thinking and problem solving. obligations for the right to education. These
3) Transmitting the cultural heritage, from which instruments promote and develop the right of
individual may develop an appreciation of their society. every person to enjoy access to education of
4) Communicating to children the basic value of the good quality, without discrimination or
society. exclusion.
5) Teaching the special aspects of the culture, such as - Education is a powerful tool by which
art, music, literature, drama, science, technology, and economically and socially marginalized adults
sports. and children can lift themselves out of poverty
6) Teaching vocational skills that help individuals enter and participate fully as citizens.
the job market.  Nelson Mandela has rightly
7) Training citizens for life within the political system of said that 'Education is the
their society. most powerful weapon which
8) Preparing children to live long and form meaningful you can use to change the
world.' Yes, education is the
relationship with other human beings.
key to eliminate all problems.
If you want to grow and be
 Education helps in creation of a better society
successful, then you need to
 Back bone of a society
be educated!
 Encourage innovation and creativity
- The issue on education taps economical
 Can create better human beings give ability to
aspect of the society, as classism stands as a
read and write
barrier to the social development of humans.
 Understanding the responsibilities.
This also digs on the impact of social
 Educated person new technique strategies.
inequality, as a systematic oppression lies
 Creative tayo, why educations are the most
especially on the lower class. They
powerful weapon which we can use to change
experience discrepancies in educational
the perspective of the world and educated
person knows how to deal with the different opportunities due to financial problems.
types of problem. Through right education a
person can develop good moral values and help
us to become a good human being.
 A person that doesn’t know how to read and
write is just like a building without a foundation.
Pre-school. Communication literate, illiterate.
Evolves lahat, signages

PRIMARY EDUCATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT

- Primary education is essential in the early

stages of human life.
- Humans need education to enable them to
adapt to the dictates of their society.
- The United Nations Educational Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
declare that education is a fundamental
human right and essential for the exercise of
all other human rights.
- It promotes individual freedom and
empowerment and yields important
development benefits.
What I Know Assessment. 3. The most basic social institution and is a system
I. Read and analyze the concepts below. Write of organized relationship involving workable and
the word Correct if the idea of the statement is dependable ways of meeting basic social needs. A.
true and write the word Incorrect if otherwise. FAMILY
1. Education is also a form of socialization 4. Constitutes a set of beliefs regarding the ultimate
according to sociologists. CORRECT power in the universe, the ideal and proper pattern
2. The American colonization in the Philippines of behavior, and ceremonial ways to expressing
lasted for forty-eight years and had brought a big these beliefs. D. RELIGION
influence in our education system today.
CORRECT For Items 5-8
3. The education during the Spanish time was open A. Formal Education C. Non-Formal Education
for all indios. INCORRECT B. Informal Education D. Special Education
4. Formal education follows indefinite system of 5. It provides distinct services, facilities, curricula,
learning process. INCORRECT and instructional materials geared to pupils or
5. Tertiary education is regulated by the Department students who are significantly higher or lower than
of Education. INCORRECT the average or norm. D. SPECIAL EDUCATION
6. Elementary education is a formal type of 6. Refers to the systematic and deliberate process
education. CORRECT of hierarchically structured and sequential learning.
7. Elementary education in the country is A. FORMAL EDUCATION
compulsory thus all Filipino children are enrolled in 7. They are organized systematic education that
elementary school. INCORRECT provides selected types of learning to a segment of
8. SPED school aims to develop the potentials of the population. C. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
the child with special needs. CORRECT 8. It is a lifelong process of learning. What other
9. High school has a total of six years under the new function or purpose of education it is referring to? B.
school curriculum. CORRECT INFORMAL EDUCATION
10. Education reflects a classless society. For Items 9-12
INCORRECT A. Education is Self-Empowerment
B. Fosters Participant Democracy
II. Identification. Identify what is being asked. C. Financial stability
11. He proposed the theory of hierarchy of needs. D. To complete the socialization process
Abraham Maslow C 9. Education helps you gain sufficient academic
12. What is the letter E in the acronym of UNESCO qualification, knowledge, and skills to get a suitable
stands for? Educational employment with proper remuneration or salary.
13. What is the starting level under K to 12 the basic B 10. Literacy, which is the product of education,
education? Kindergarten allows full participation of the people in democratic
14. Primary education is considered a human process and effective voting.
___________. Right A 11. Receiving a good education helps empower
15. Type of education that enables a student to you, thus making you strong enough to look after
learn skills and knowledge through structured yourself in any given situation or conditions.
learning experiences. Formal D 12. The main social objective of education
which involves the family and school as agents of
A. Multiple Choice: Carefully read every socialization.
question below and choose the letter that B. Define the following important terms.
corresponds to your answer. 1. School
For items 1-4 2. Education
A. Family B. Education C. Government D. Religion 3. Self-actualization
1. The institution that administers the regulatory 4. Citizens
functions of law and order and maintains security in
society. C. GOVERNMENT
2. The process of socialization, which begins
informally at home and then formally in educational
institutions. B. EDUCATION