SHS

Media and Information Literacy

Second Semester
QUARTER 3- LESSON 4
Types of Media
Self-Learning Material

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 1 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
 Objectives
At the end of this self-learning material, you are expected to:

compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is presented through the different type
classify contents of different media types.

Lesson Proper

The term news Media refers to the groups that communicate information and
news to people. Most people get their information about government from the
news media because it would be impossible to gather all the news themselves.
Media outlets have responded to the increasing reliance of Americans on
television and the Internet by making the news even more readily available to
people. There are three main types of news media: print media, broadcast media,
and the Internet.

Print Media

The oldest media forms are newspapers, magazines, journals, newsletters, and
other printed material. These publications are collectively known as the Print
Media. Although print media readership has declined in the last few decades,
many Americans still read a newspaper every day or a newsmagazine on a
regular basis. The influence of print media is therefore significant. Regular
readers of print media tend to be more likely to be politically active.

The print media is responsible for more reporting than other news sources. Many
news reports on television, for example, are merely follow-up stories about
news that first appeared in newspapers. The top American newspapers, such
as the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times, often
set the agenda for many other media sources.

The Newspaper

Because of its history of excellence and influence, the New York Times is
sometimes called the newspaper of record: If a story is not in the Times, it is not
important. In 2003, however, the newspaper suffered a major blow to its
credibility when Times journalist Jayson Blair admitted that he had fabricated
some of his stories. The Times has since made extensive efforts to prevent any
similar scandals, but some readers have lost trust in the paper.

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 2 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
Broadcast Media

Broadcast Media are news reports broadcast via radio and television. Television
news is hugely important in the United States because more Americans get their
news from television broadcasts than from any other source.

Television News

The main broadcast networks—ABC, CBS, and NBC—each have a news division
that broadcasts a nightly news show. For the past fifty years, most Americans
watched one or more of these broadcasts. Since the 1980s, however, cable
news channels have chipped away at the broadcast networks. CNN and MSNBC
both broadcast news around the clock. Because the cable news channels are
always broadcasting news programs, many people who want to follow a story
closely tune in to these stations first. The relatively new Fox network news
program has also drawn numerous viewers away from the big three networks.

Radio News

The other type of broadcast media is radio. Before the advent of television in
the 1950s, most Americans relied on radio broadcasts for their news. Although
fewer Americans rely on radio as their primary news source, many people still
listen to radio news every day, especially during morning and evening
commutes. Local news stations have a particularly large audience because they
can report on local weather, traffic, and events.

Talk Radio

Since the 1980s, talk radio has emerged as a major force in broadcasting. Talk
radio is a radio format in which the hosts mix interviews with political
commentary. As a result, many talk radio shows are highly partisan.
Conservatives have a strong hold on American talk radio through programs
hosted by influential commentators, such as Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity.

The Internet

The Internet is slowly transforming the news media because more people are
relying on online sources of news instead of traditional print and broadcast
media. Americans surf the sites of more traditional media outlets, such as NBC
and CNN, but also turn to unique online news sources such as weblogs.
Websites can provide text, audio, and video information, all of the ways
traditional media are transmitted. The web also allows for a more interactive
approach by allowing people to personally tailor the news they receive via
personalized web portals, newsgroups, podcasts, and RSS feeds.

Weblogs—known colloquially as Blogs—have become very influential since the

start of the twenty-first century. Leading bloggers write their opinions on a
variety of issues, and thousands of people respond on message boards. Although
many blogs are highly partisan and inaccurate, a few have been instrumental in
breaking big stories.

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 3 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
Media has several types. But generally, there are three basic types of media

1. Print media

2. Broadcast media

3. New media

The print media

The print media is a typed media used in mass communication in the form of
printed publications. The traditional form of print media involves ink and
paper. The major types of print media are books, magazines, newspapers,
newsletter, posters, brochures, and press releases.

a) Book

The book is defined as a set of printed sheets of paper that are held together
inside a cover. It is a long written intended to inform like reference books or
entertain such as novels.

b) Newspaper

Newspaper refers to as a document published regularly, consisting of news

reports, articles, photographs, and advertisement that are printed on large
sheets of paper folded together.

c) Magazine

The magazines defined as a periodical publication containing articles and

illustrations, typically covering a particular subject or area of interest.

d) Poster

A poster is a bill or placard for posting, which is often placed in public place.
Posters by nature are visual. It makes use of photos or graphics to convey a
message.

e) Brochure

The brochure is defined as a small, thin book or magazine that usually has many
pictures and information about a product, or a place, etc. It is typically used as
a form of advertisement or promotion.

f) Press release

It is defined as an official statement that gives information to newspapers,

magazines, television news programs, and radio stations.

The Characteristics of Print Media

1) A proponent of Literacy- Print media is essentially written media. One

must be able to read patronize print. By requiring literacy, print media also
promotes it.

Date Developed:
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Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
2) Portable – Print media is the most portable platform of media. Its size and
weight allow people to carry it everywhere.

3) Independent form of media- Unlike other forms of media, print does not
require a separate medium or technology to transmit or receive information.

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Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
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Jonathan Balmeo
4) Structure- Correct grammar and proper sentence construction is a must in
print media. Arranging material to follow a layout is required before
publishing. The structure is given emphasis in print media.

Newspaper as Source of Information

The newspaper is one of the reliable sources of news and information. Its goals
are to inform the public of the latest happenings in almost everywhere and
develop public opinion.

With the birth of new media, the newspaper still to be the medium of the mass
because of the availability and affordability. Thus, many people are still reading
and relying on newspapers in terms not news and information, entertainment,
and education.

Typical newspapers have the following sections:

1) News Section- This section is considered the essence of the newspaper.

Thus, it is found in the first pages of the newspaper. The front page of the
newspaper is intended for significant news stories from local community,
national, and international scenes.

2) News stories featured in this section should have a lead that answers
questions who, what, where, when, why, and how.

3) Newspaper must maintain it sense of fairness, accuracy, and truthfulness in

narrating the stories at all times.

4) Photojournalism – It is a form of journalism that tells new stories through

images. Photojournalism should maintain its sense of timeliness, objectivity,
and narratively.

5) Opinion Section also includes a letter to the editor and editorial cartoons.

6) Sports Section – It features local, national, and international news and

information on sports events.

7) Entertainment Section- It offers features article that emphasize the various

aspects of culture. This section includes film, music, arts, fashion, and food. It
may also contain scripts, columns on advice, and horoscopes.

8) Classified or Classified Ads Section – it contains advertisement on services,

job opportunities, and bidding.

Date Developed:
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Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
The Broadcast Media

The term broadcast refers to the airborne transmission of electromagnetic audio

signals (radio) or audio-visual signals (television) that are readily accessible to a
wide population via standard receivers.

a) Radio Broadcasting

The invention of radio began with the telegraphs. As the first technological
advancement that made long distance communication possible, its popularity
at the time cannot be overstated. Despite its accomplishments, telegraphic
communication was limited.

Another great invention was that of Alexander Graham Bell, called the
telephone. These two revolutionized long distance communication.

Experts aimed to abolish the limitations of the telegraph wire. Among the earliest
breakthrough is credited to an Italian inventor named Guglielmo Marconi. He
transmitted a message, which was picked up without any need for wired
connection. He had demonstrated that it is possible to cast an electronic signal
to space so that it can be captured at random points without the necessity of
wires. In doing so, the age of broadcasting began.

Initially, radio has been further developed to aid in communication of the

military. Since it has broken the boundaries set by wires, radio has gone farther
than any communication medium has gone before. It became a necessity for
ships and naval fleets. Its strategic applications in the military made it powerful
tool during the First World War.

When the war ended in the year 1918, the Golden Age of radio began. Many
manufacturing companies saw opportunities in mass marketing home radio
receivers for casual use. The first ever commercially owned radio station was
KDKA owned by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation of Pittsburgh. They were
the first to use the radio for entertainment to entice the public in purchasing
home radio receivers.

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 7 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
Other manufacturers soon followed Westinghouse’s example. Among the most
notable of which was the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T) who was
the first to broadcast paid advertisements on its stations. A practice that still
persists in today’s radio.

According to estimates by National Association of Broadcasters in 1922 there

were 60, 000 households in the United States with radios; by 1929, the number
the first to broadcast paid advertisement on its stations. A practice that still
persists in today’s radio.

b) TV Broadcasting

Unlike the radio, the invention of television was initially prompted by

commercialism. The earliest notable development was that German inventor
Paul Nipko, where he was able to successfully transmit an image in 1884.
Further developments to Nipko’s mechanical system known as the rotating
disk was made by several other experts from all over the world.

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 8 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
REFERENCES
https:// government/the-media/section1/page/2/

PARENTS/GUARDIAN CONFORME

I,(Name of Parent), has reviewed my child’s work and responses that he/she accomplishe

Signature Date

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 9 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo
ACTIVITY 1. GRASP

Your task is to create a brochure about a tourist spot here in the Philippines.

Your role is to be technical writer and think on how you can promote a tourist spot here in the
Philippines through brochure.

Your target audience will be the foreigners/visitors.

The challenge involves dealing with you imagining that you are part of a technical team whose
main role is to main goal is to promote the tourist attractions here in the Philippines to the
foreigners/visitors.

The total outcome and product should be a brochure that consists the picture, description, and
trivia about a tourist attraction that you would like to promote.

RUBRICS:

Creativity – 10
Content – 10
Mechanics (spelling/grammar) – 10

TOTAL: 30 points

ACTIVITY 2.

Photojournalism is the communication of news through photographs. These images tend to

appear in print newspapers and magazines as well as online media sites and microblogging
platforms. A picture is worth 1,000 words and can instantly enhance the story that a news article
communicates to its readers.

Students practice a variety of photojournalism techniques used to tell stories and ultimately
compose four photographs that use photography techniques to help communicate stories of
everyday life in their communities. Choose a photo that you thinks tells a story about the life of
the Filipinos today.

RUBRICS:

Content/ Theme – 10
Image quality – 10
Interest/ Emotional Response – 10

TOTAL: 30 points

Date Developed:
Media and Information August 2020 Page 10 of 8
Literacy Document No.
Developed by:
11/16/12/13 – MIL Revision # 01
Jonathan Balmeo