Oxford Cambridge and RSA

A Level Computer Science

H446/01 Computer Systems

Friday 16 June 2017 – Morning

Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
* 6 8 2 6 8 9 1 4 3 6 *

Do not use:
• a calculator

* H 4 4 6 0 1 *

First name

Last name

Centre Candidate
number number

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all the questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be
used if required but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and
question number(s).
• Do not write in the barcodes.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 140.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended responses will be assessed in questions marked with an
asterisk (*).
• This document consists of 28 pages.

© OCR 2017 [601/4911/5] OCR is an exempt Charity

DC (RW/FC) 138417/2 Turn over
 2
Answer all questions.

1 An architect firm specialises in designing skyscrapers.

(a) The firm uses high end computers with high performance CPUs, GPUs and large amounts of
RAM.

(i) Give one use the firm might have for GPUs.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe what is meant by the term ‘RAM’.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) State one characteristic a high performance CPU might have.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Each computer has a multi-tasking operating system installed.

(i) State the name of and describe two methods that the operating system can use to divide
the contents of RAM.

Method 1

Name .................................................................................................................................

Description ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Method 2

Name .................................................................................................................................

Description ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[4]

© OCR 2017
 3
(ii) Explain, giving an example, why the firm’s computers use operating systems capable of
multi-tasking.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The computers in the office are connected to a LAN which is connected to the Internet.

(i) The LAN is set up in a client-server network.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage to the architects’ firm of a client-server set
up rather than a peer to peer setup.

Advantage .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Disadvantage ....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The LAN is connected to the Internet via a firewall. Describe the term ‘firewall’.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State why the architects’ firm would use a firewall.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 4
2 A coach company offers tours of the UK.

(a) A linked list stores the names of cities on a coach tour in the order they are visited.

London Oxford Birmingham Manchester null

(i) Describe what is meant by the term ‘linked list’.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The tour is amended. The new itinerary is: London, Oxford, Manchester then York.
Explain how Birmingham is removed from the linked list and how York is added. You may
use the diagram below to illustrate your answer.

London Oxford Birmingham Manchester null

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

© OCR 2017
 5
The program stores records about its customers.

(b) Often an individual customer’s record needs to be accessed. This is done by searching using
the Customer ID. Explain why a hash table is better suited than a linked list to store the
customer records, particularly as the company acquires more customers.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 6
3 A charitable organisation is trying to make the works of William Shakespeare available to more
people.

(a) The organisation decides to make a copy of Shakespeare’s entire works available as a
downloadable text file from its website. It further decides to compress the file before making it
available to download.

(i) State an advantage to the website’s visitors of the file being compressed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the company should use lossless and not lossy compression.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b)* The organisation looks at using either run length encoding or dictionary encoding to compress
the file described in part (a).

Discuss the two compression methods and justify which you would recommend. You may
refer to the extract of text below to illustrate your argument.

What’s in a name? that which we call a rose

By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call’d, [12]

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

© OCR 2017
 7

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 8
4 A cinema offers discounted tickets, but only under one of the following conditions:
• Customer is under 18 and has a student card.
• Customer is over 60 and has ID which proves this.

Let:

A be Customer is under 18

B be Customer has a student card

C be Customer is over 60

D be Customer has ID

Q be Discount ticket issued

(a) Complete the Boolean expression below:

Q≡ .......................................................................................................................

[3]

(b) The cinema has a voucher which promises free popcorn when the voucher is produced whilst
buying a soft drink or bottle of water.

Let:

E be Voucher is shown

F be Soft drink is bought

G be Bottle of water is bought

R be Free popcorn given.

This could be written as:

R ≡ (E/F) 0 (E/G)

© OCR 2017
 9
(i) Complete the truth table below.

E F G (E/F) (E/G) (E/F)0(E/G)

1 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 1
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
[4]

(ii) Simplify the expression

(E/F) 0 (E/G)

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

Most films are now distributed to cinemas digitally. A studio allows cinemas to download its latest
film 5 days before the release date via a private download. It wants to ensure that no cinema
shows it before the release date.

(c) Describe one technical measure the studio could use to ensure that films are not shown
early.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 10
5 (a) Below is part of a program written using the Little Man Computer instruction set. This section
of code can exit by either jumping to the code labelled pass or fail depending on what
value is in the accumulator when the code is run.

test SUB ten

BRZ pass
BRP test
BRA fail

ten DAT 10

(i) Explain what the line ten DAT 10 does.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Complete the table below determining whether the program branches to pass or fail
given the following values in the Accumulator when it is run.

Starting value in Accumulator pass or fail

29
30
31
[3]

© OCR 2017
 11
(b) The complete program is shown below:

INP
main STA entry
BRA test
fail LDA entry
ADD one
BRA main

test SUB ten

BRZ pass
BRP test
BRA fail

pass LDA entry

OUT
HLT

entry DAT
ten DAT 10
one DAT 1

(i) Give one instruction in the program that when executed, changes the value in the
Accumulator.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one instruction in the program that when executed, changes the value in the Program
Counter.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the value the code outputs for the input 18.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the value the code outputs for the input 37.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Describe the purpose of the program.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
© OCR 2017 Turn over
 12
6 (a) (i) Convert the denary number 188 to an unsigned 8-bit binary number.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Convert the denary number 188 to hexadecimal.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Convert the denary number −44 to an 8-bit binary number with sign and magnitude
representation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Convert the denary number −44 to an 8-bit binary number with two’s complement
representation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Explain how, using bit shift, the unsigned binary number 00101100 can be divided by 4.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© OCR 2017
 13
(d) Demonstrate subtraction on the two numbers below, both stored in normalised floating point
format, using 6 bits for their mantissa and 4 for their exponent. Show the result in the same
format. Show your working.

010010 0100 - 010010 0010

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 14
7 A web forum stores all its content in a database.

(a) The forum stores details of its users in the table called Users. An extract of Users is shown
below.

userID username passwordHash locked

1 Zeus 8dfa46a79248037752bba6166fcb34f8 1
2 Hera 74d39d60507eb55e000c6ec5c1265891 0
3 Poseidon b015d770d0208ddcce2c2c719fe29371 0

Describe what is meant by the term ‘primary key’, giving an example from the table above.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The user’s password is passed to a function that generates a hash and the result is stored in
passwordHash.

(i) Describe what is meant by the term ‘hash’.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe one advantage to storing the password as a hash.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© OCR 2017
 15
(c) Write an SQL statement to get just the passwordHash and locked values of the user
Apollo.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(d) Sometimes users can have their accounts locked if they behave inappropriately. When this is
the case the locked field is set to 1 rather than 0.

Write an SQL statement that locks the account of the user Hades

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 16
(e) The function checkAccess takes in the password the user has entered (givenPassword)
along with the password hash (passwordHash) and locked value (locked).

passwordHash and locked have already been extracted from the database before being
passed to the function. It should return the value true if a user should be allowed access to
a system and false if they aren’t.

Your function should make use of the pre-written function hash() which takes in a string and
returns the hash of that string.

e.g.

hash("Hello") returns f7ff9e8b7bb2e09b70935a5d785e0cc5d9d0abf0

Complete the function checkAccess.

function checkAccess(givenPassword, passwordHash, locked)

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

endfunction

[4]

© OCR 2017
 17
8* “Developments in Artificial Intelligence mean that in twenty years time most people will be
unemployed.”

Discuss whether or not you agree with this statement.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [9]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 18
9 A website contains the following HTML:

<html>
<head>
<title>Boris' Cake Shop</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Boris' Cake Shop</h1>
<p id="intro">
Welcome to Boris' cake shop.
<script>
var hour = new Date().getHours();//gets the hour value of the
current time
if(hour>9 && hour<17)
{
document.write("We are currently open.");
}
else
{
document.write("We are closed, come visit us when we are
open (09:00 - 17:00).");
}
</script>
</p>
<div class="customerQuote">
Boris makes the best cupcakes I have ever tasted.
</div>
</body>
</html>

(a) Explain the difference between a HTML id attribute and a HTML class attribute.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© OCR 2017
 19
(b) The html file is linked to the CSS file style.css

Text between h1 tags should be in the font Arial.

The customer quote should be on a background with the colour E8C3E1.

The introduction text should be dark red (using the named colour darkRed).

Write the code that should go in style.css to give this formatting.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(c) The code between the script tags is supposed to display a different message during the
shop’s opening hours of 09:00 and 17:00.

(i) State the name of the language used between the script tags.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

Some users have reported that there is a bug and the site says the shop is closed when they
log on between 9 and 10 in the morning.

(ii) Explain how this bug can be fixed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Give one disadvantage of this code being run client side rather than server side.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© OCR 2017 Turn over
 20
10 A software development team is writing a word game.

The team is using Rapid Application Development.

(a) Describe the Rapid Application Development process.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

Players are given 10 random letters and asked to find the largest word they can make from those
letters. Each letter can only be used once. The length of the word determines the number of points
awarded. e.g. a word with 6 letters would mean 6 points are awarded.

The function validateAnswer takes in the randomLetters as an array of letters and the
player’s answer as a string. It then checks if the word the player has entered only contains letters
from the 10 random letters with each letter being used only once. (At this stage the program
doesn’t check if the answer provided is an actual word.) It then returns a score, out of 10, for a
valid word or 0 for an invalid word.

Example

If the random letters are

OPXCMURETN

The word COMPUTER returns 8

Whereas

The word POST returns 0 (there is no S in the random letters).

And

The word RETURN returns 0 (there is only one R in the random letters).

© OCR 2017
 21
(b) Complete the function validateAnswer

function validateAnswer(answer, randomLetters[])

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

endFunction

[6]

(c) Code is to be added to check if the word is an actual English word. All English words are
stored in a binary search tree.

Give one advantage of storing the words in a binary search tree over an array.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 22
(d) The software team use a prebuilt library to create the Graphical User Interface.

(i) Give two advantages to the software team of using a library.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© OCR 2017
 23
(ii)* The program is compiled. Explain the process of compilation including how code from
the library becomes part of the finished program, justifying why each stage is necessary.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [9]

© OCR 2017 Turn over

 24
11 A half adder has the truth table shown below:

A B Sum Carry
1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0

(a) Draw a half adder using logic gates.

[3]

© OCR 2017
 25
(b) Draw the logic gates represented by the Karnaugh Map below. Show your working.

AB

00 01 11 10

00 1 1 0 0

CD 01 1 1 0 0

11 0 0 1 1

10 0 0 1 1

[4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2017
 26
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

© OCR 2017
 27
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

© OCR 2017
 28

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Copyright Information
OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders
whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright
Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr.org.uk) after the live examination series.
If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible
opportunity.
For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE.
OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group; Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a
department of the University of Cambridge.

© OCR 2017