Structural Unemployment

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Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch

between jobs and skills in the


economy
 It usually happens as
the structure of an
economy changes e.g. the
secondary sector is
declining and the tertiary
sector is growing
 There is no longer a need
for a specific type of
worker e.g. ship builders
in Glasgow
 Many Western industries
have relocated
production to China
causing structural
unemployment in their
economies
 Unless workers receive
help to retrain, they are
often
left unemployed or under-
employed

is caused by a fall in AD in an
Cyclical or demand economy
deficient unemployment  This typically happens
during a slow down
or recession
 The demand for labour
is a demand
derived from
the demand for
goods/services
 As output falls in the
economy, firms lay off
workers
Seasonal occurs as certain seasons
come to an end
unemployment and labour is not
required until the next
season
 E.g. fruit pickers;
summer seaside
resort workers; ski
instructors

occurs when wages


Real wage unemployment are inflexible at a point higher
than the free-market equilibrium
wage
 Usually caused by the
existence of minimum
wage laws
 The higher wage creates
an excess supply of
labour
 This excess supply
represents real wage
unemployment

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