Lesson 6 - CeilingFrame

Lesson 6: THE CEILING
Learning Objectives:
Cognitive:
 Describe Ceiling Frame

Affective:
 Study and Value the parts of Ceiling Frame

Psychomotor:
 Identify and Draw parts of Ceiling Frame
Ceiling Frame
The ceiling is the overhead finish of the room. It provides further protection from the heat and cold
and adds beauty to the room.
The ceiling may be either horizontal or sloping. In either case, the ceiling joists should be attached
to the strong framework where they are situated, be it under a roof or under a floor.
The design and the way the ceiling boards are placed are two factors that determine the
arrangement of the ceiling joists. You as builder must ascertain these first so that you can tell whether the
placing of the ceiling joists is done by rooms or entirely.
The ceiling may be made before or after the partition frames are constructed depending upon the
design of the building.
CEILING FRAME- The ceiling frame consist of the ceiling joists and hangers. Two kinds of ceiling joist
are the primary and the intermediate. Primary ceiling joist are long joists connecting longer spans.
Intermediate joists are short joists connecting two primaries.
SIZES OF JOISTS- The size of a ceiling joist depends on the span and the weight that it carries.
Generally, 2x2s are used for plywood and other light materials. Bigger joists are needed for heavier ceiling
boards.
DISTANCE BETWEEN JOISTS- The distance between ceiling joists depend upon the size of the ceiling
materials being used. The distance should be such that the ceiling cover will not sag. If 4x8 plywood is
used, the distance between joists is usually 24” from center to center. Other ceiling materials require
different distance between the joists.
PLACING CEILING JOISTS- Here are some pointers you will find useful in placing ceiling joists.
1. Select the more nearly straight lumber for primary joists and the curved pieces for intermediate
joists.
2. Be sure to make bottoms of all the joists even so that the ceiling cover will not be weavy.
3. The straight side of the boards for the ceiling joists must always be the bottom of the joists
regardless of the crown. If the lumber for the joists is rectangular and the crown happens to be
at the edge, then you must straighten the nailing edge for the ceiling board. (See fig. 208)
Follow this procedure (fig. 208)
1. Determine the direction of the primary joists and the two opposite beams upon which the
ends of these joists are to be attached.\
2. Along these opposite beams, snap a chalk line to indicate the bottom of the joists.
3. Along this chalk line, measure and mark the center-t-center distance of the primary joist.
Determine from the design of the ceiling where to start measuring; this may be from the
wall or from the middle. If the measuring has to start from the wall, the center-to0center
distance. The first joist is the one attached to the wall. Unless this procedure is followed,
when the ceiling board is placed against the wall, it will reach only the edge of the joist.
The distance can be worked out to be edge-to-edge instead of center-to-center.
4. Measure, cut, and nail the primary ceiling joist. Place these joists so that their straight sides
are at the bottom.
5. Straighten all joists that are curved sidewise, anchoring them with 1x2. Stretch a string along
all curved sides of ceiling joists as your guide for straightening them. This can be done by
sighting too.
6. At the other opposite sides of the room, whether they are primary joists or any other frame
of the building, mark the center-to-center distance of the intermediate joists.
7. Connect these opposite joints with a chalk line to mark the inner primary joists.
8. Measure, cut and nail the intermediate joists. These joists should neither be too long or too
short, they will either push or pull the primaries out of line.
9. After nailing all the joists, inspect to find where they sag or tend to sag. Place hangers at
these places to hold them straight. A guide string is stretched about one inch below, but not
touching the sagging joist. Measure equal distances from the string, and accordingly adjust
and nail the joists to the hangers. The hangers should be attached to a strong frame above
the ceiling.
CEILING BOARD (COVER)- Various materials may be used as ceiling covers. They are plywood,
lawanit, and other factory-made boards, sidings, sawali, and other local materials.
There are many artistic ways by which the ceiling boards are arranged and their joints made. A few
examples of joists fig. 209, are U, V, with molding, and over-lap.
Before starting to place the ceiling boards, snap a chalk line along the ceiling joist as a guide for
aligning the edges of the boards.
Fig. 210 shows moldings placed in the corner where the ceiling and the wall meet. In some cases,
no moldings are placed at the corners. In such cases, the ceiling boards have to be fitted nicely to the
corner.
WELL HOLE OR SCUTTLE HOLE- This is a hole provided at the ceiling used as a passage for entering
the ceiling when making any work inside. The well hole is not usually indicated in the plan. A well hole
should not be placed above open porch or burglars might use it for entering the house later.
CEILING BELOW THE FLOOR- The ceiling joists should not be attached to the floor joists so that
there would be an air space between them. The dead air space minimizes the transmission of sound to
both floors.
References:
Building Construction House Plumbing House Construction and Estimating (Pg. 97-98)
https://studylib.net/doc/18576879/basic-roof-and-ceiling-framing
https://www.scribd.com/doc/126358278/Carpentry-Notes-on-Basic-Roof-Ceiling-Framing
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3928621/

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Lesson 6: THE CEILING

 Describe Ceiling Frame

 Study and Value the parts of Ceiling Frame

 Identify and Draw parts of Ceiling Frame

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