Lecture # 13 (2)

RENEWABLE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES

Dr. Muzaffar Ali

Hydro Power-II
 Energy the lifeline of, industrial economic, development
and quality of life.
 Pakistan is the poorest of the poor as far as energy
consumption per capita is concerned.
 Pakistan ranks 25th in World Energy consumption and
31s t in Electricity production.
 Per Capita electrical consumption per year of Pakistan
is 470kWh, of Malaysia 2,708 & of Singapore 6,775
kWh
 Pakistan has developed 12% of total hydel potentials,
India has 30% & rich countries 75% of hydel
potential
 Hydel power supplies 715,000 MW or 19% of World
Electricity.
Energy and electricity situation in Pakistan

 Pakistan has been an energy-deficient country historically.

Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) per capita is far below the
world average and only a small faction of that for OECD
region and other developed countries, as shown in Fig.
A comparison of TPES(Total Primary Energy Supply) per
capita between Pakistan and other regions/countries
 When Pakistan got independence in 1947, it inherited only
60MW generation capacity for its 31.5 million people. The pace
of electric power infrastructure development gained momentum
by the year 1970 and within 5 years the installed capacity rose
from 636MW in 1970 to 1331MW in 1975, with setting up of a
number of hydro and thermal power units.
 In the year 1980, the system capacity touched 3000MW and
thereafter it rapidly grew to over 7000MW in 1990–1991.
 During the last decade and a half, the installed capacity has
more than doubled, with both thermal and hydropower playing
their part.
 The electricity generation capacity in the country has risen to
19,547MW now, out of which 7707MW is through
Independent Power Producers (Table 1). The addition of
1450MW capacity during 2001–2005 through the Ghazi
Brotha hydropower project has resulted in increase in the
hydro/thermal ratio
Hydropower development in Pakistan

 At the time of independence in 1947, the installed hydropower

capacity was only 10.70MW which comprised a 9.6MW
station at Malakand in North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
and a 1.1MW one at Renala in Punjab. With the
implementation of the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, Pakistan
embarked on the construction of two giant earthrock dams at
Mangla and Tarbela. Mangla and Tarbela power stations, with
1000 and 3478MW installed capacities, were the largest
contributors to hydropower generation before Ghazi Barotha
(1450MW) came online in 2004.
 In Pakistan, the hydropower resources are mainly in the north;
the resources in the south being scarce. The total installed
capacity of the hydropower stations in the country is about
6599MW, out of which 3767MW is in NWFP, 1698MW in
Punjab, 1036MW in Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) and
93MW in the Northern Areas.
 Generation Expansion Plan 2007-2030

2007 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030

Hydel 6474 7379 9071 17423 23948 23948

IPPs 6466 14205 22045 36345 58955 95355

Genco+KESC 6431 10082 10082 10082 10082 10082

Rental 150 846 846 846 846 846

Total 19521 32512 42044 64696 93831 130231

 Generation Expansion Plan (2007-2030)
140000 130231

120000

93831
100000

80000
MW

64696
60000
42044
40000 32512

20000
19521
0
2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 2028

As per generation expansion plan system needs additions of 32512 MW

and 93831 MW by years 2012 and by 2025, respectively.
 Hydropower Generation Expansion Plan

30000

25000 23948 23948

20000 17423
MW

15000

10000 9071
6464

5000 7379

0
2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 2028
 Hydropower Addition as Per Generation Expansion Plan

8352
9000
8000
6525
7000
6000
5000
MW

4000
3000 1692
905
2000
1000
0
2012 2015 2020 2025 2030
 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN
(LOCATION MAP)
N

PHANDER
80 MW

NALTAR-I BUNJI
18 MW 5400 MW YULBO
3000 MW

DIAMER-BASHA
4500 MW, 6.4 MAF
HARPO
MATILTAN KAIGAH
33 MW
84 MW 548 MW
KARRANG
458 MW
LAWI
GOLEN GOL
70 MW
106 MW BASHO
28 MW
SAT PARA
GABRAL KALAM
DASU 16 MW, 0.09 MAF
105 MW
KEYAL 4000 MW
122 MW
KALAM ASRIT
DUBAIR KHWAR
197 MW SPAT GAH
130 MW
610 MW
ASRIT KEDAM
209 MW PALAS VALLEY
621 MW

PATTAN
2800 MW
SUKI KINARI
KHAN KHWAR 655 MW
SHARMAI MADYAN 72 MW
115 MW NEELUM-JHELUM
148 MW
ALLAI KHWAR 969 MW
121 MW JAGRAN
30 MW
THAHKOT
2800 MW
PATRIND
130 MW
JABBAN
20 MW
DARGAI
20 MW MALAKAND-III CHAKOTHI HATTIAN
81 MW 139 MW

TARBELA KOHALA
1100 MW
3478 MW, 7.0 MAF
SEHRA
HERIGHAL
65 MW
MUNDA 53 MW
740 MW, 0.90 MAF MAHL
245 MW KOTLI
100 MW
AZAD PATTAN
222 MW

WARSAK KAROT
243 MW
240 MW GULPUR
100 MW IN OPERATION
GHAZI BAROTHA AKHORI
1450 MW 600 MW, 6.0 MAF RAJDHANI
132 MW UNDER CONSTRUCTION
KALABAGH
3600 MW, 6.1 MAF NEW BONG
MANGLA
ANNOUNCED BY PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN
79 MW
1000 MW,4.5 MAF

KURRAM TANGI FEASIBILITY/DETAILED DESIGN IN HAND

83 MW, 0.76 MAF

PROJECTS UNDER PPIB

GOMAL ZAM JINNAH
96 MW
18 MW, 0.9 MAF

CHASHMA
184 MW, 0.61 MAF

GENERAL MANAGER (HYDRO) PLANNING, WAPDA

05-03-2008
 FIG-2

BUNJI YULBO
N
5400 MW 3000 MW

HARPO
33 MW

PHANDAR
80 MW

GOLEN GOL
106 MW
LAWI DASU
KEYAL 4000 MW BASHO
70 MW
130 MW SPAT GAH 28 MW
610 MW
PATTAN
2800 MW
PALAS VALLEY
621 MW

THAKOT
2800 MW

KOHALA
1100 MW

HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
UNDER STUDIES
HYDROPLANNING ORGANIZATION (HPO) WAPDA
 Hydropower projects under studies by WAPDA

Tentative Estimated
Installed
Sr. Locati completion Construction
Project River Capacity Present Status
No. on month of Cost
(MW)
the study Millon (US$)
1 Kohala Jhelum Kohala 1100 Aug, 2009 Feasibility Study, Detailed 2,115
Design and Tender
Documents in progress.

2 Dasu Indus Dasu 4320 Mar, 2011 Feasibility Study completed 7,800
Design being started
3 Spat Gah Spat Gah Patan 567 Oct, 2009 Feasibility Study in progress. 614

4 Palan Chor Patan 621 Nov 2009 Feasibility Study in progress. 667
Vally Nullah
 Hydropower projects under studies by WAPDA

Tentative Estimated
Installed
Sr. Locati completion Constructio
Project River Capacity Present Status
No. on month of n Cost
(MW)
the study Millen (US$)
5 Basho Basho Skardu 28 Oct 2009 Design and Tender 35
Documents in process.
6 Lawi Shishi Darosh 70 Jun 2011 Feasibility Study completed. 120
- PC-I for Design and Tender
Chitral Documents initiated.
7 Thakot Indus Thakot 2800 Jun 2013 Feasibility Study completed 6,000
Detailed Design and Tender
Documents to starts.
8 Patan Indus Patan 2800 Jun 2015 PC-II for Feasibility Study, 6,000
Design and Tender
Documents submitted.
 Hydropower projects under studies by WAPDA

9 Phandar Ghizar Gilgit 80 Sep 2009 Feasibility completed Design and 70

Tender Documents in process.

10 Keyal Keyal Patan 122 August, Feasibility Study completed. 180

Khwar Khwar 2009 Detailed Design and Tender
Documents in program completed

11 Golen Gol Golen Chitral- 106 Nov 2008 Detailed Design and Tender 130
Gol- Mastuj Documents completed .
Mastuj
12 Harpo Harpo- Skardu 33 PC-II for Design and Tender 40
Lungma Documents prepared.
13 Shyok Shyoh Skardu 600 Desk studies 1,000
14 Yulbo Indus Skardu 3000 Desk study & field 6,600
reconnaissance initiated
TOTAL 16,247 31.37
Billion
 Installed Hydropower Stations in Pakistan
Sr. No. Name of Station Installed capacity (MWs)

1 Tarbela 3478
2 Ghazi Barotha 1450.
3 Mangla 1000.
4 Warsak 240.0
5 Chashma 184.0
6 Rasul 22.0
7 Malakand 19.6
8 Dargai 20.0
9 Nandipur 13.8
10 Shadiwal 13.5
11 Chichoki Malian 13.2
12 K.Garhi & Renala 5.1
13 Chitral 1.
14 Satpara 4.86
Total 6464
 Hydropower Projects in Private Sector

Name of Project Capacity (MW) Tentative

Commissioning
New Bong Escape at 84 2010
Rajdhani at Punch 132 2011
(AJK)
Matiltan at Swat 84 2012

Malakand III( ) 81 2008

Kotli 100 2011

Gulpur (AJK) 120 2012

Gabral – Kalam 101 2012

Barriers in the Development of Hydel
Power
1. To achieve consensus among people & provinces.
2. Technology and Information Barriers.
3. Policy Barriers.
4. Regulatory Barriers.
5. Institutional Barriers.
6. Financial Barriers.
7. Interconnection Barriers.
8. Tariff.
9. Procedural impediments.
9. Risks
a. Hydrological Risks
b. Geological Risks.
c. Environment Risks.
d. Miscellaneous.
 Technology and information Barriers.
➢ We lack knowledge & information about the Technology of hydel.
➢ Need for education of hydel power technology not only for the
Engineers but also for general public & decision makers.
Strategy to achieve five E’s
E----- Education
E----- Energy
E----- Employment
E----- Equity
E----- Enterprise
 PAKISTAN’S HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL (SUMMARY)
Sr. River/ Tributary Power
No. (MW)
1. Indus River 35760
2. Tributaries of Indus (Northern Areas) of NWFP 5558
Sub Total (1+2) 41318
3. Jhelum River 3143
4, Kunhar River 1250
5. Neelum River & its Tributaries 2459
6. Poonch River 397
Sub Total (3+4+5+6) 7249
7. Swat River & its Tributaries 2388
8. Chitral River & its Tributaries 2282
Sub Total (7+8) 4670
9. Schemes below 50 MW on Tributaries 1290
27 TOTAL 54, 527
 PAKISTAN’S HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL

Small
28 Swat & Chitral
Hydel
River
1290 MW
Jhelum 2.4
4528 MW
River 8.3
Basin
7249 MW
13.2 Indus River Basin
Jhelum River Basin
Swat & Chitral River
Small Hydel

4181676.2
MW

Indus River
Basin
 PAKISTAN POWER DAM PROJECT
(And Not KALABAGH DAM As It Is Multi Purpose But
Made Controversial)
❖ Pakistan Dam dedicated for 3,600 MW Electricity.
❖ No Provision for canal.
❖ 35 million acres land irrigated Canal with drawl.
❖ Storage depleted by 6MAF to be supplemented.
❖ Situation of water shortage, threat of famine.
❖ Have reached the stage of “acute water shortage”, where
people fight for every drop of water.
❖ Electricity generated will also pump water from tube wells
❖ Investigations studies started In 1953 and project planning
feasibility in 1982
 Reservoir of Pakistan Dam
Live storage 6.1 MAF million acre-feet
Gross storage 7.9 MAF
Maximum Retention level 915 ft
Minimum reservoir level 825 ft
Average Flow 123,000 cusec
Main Dam
Crest elevation 940 ft
Maximum height 260 ft
Length 4,375 ft
Installed Capacity 3600 MW+600=4200
Yearly generation 12 Billion kWh
Annual Benefits Rs. 88 Billion
Estimated Cost US$6.2 Billion
 BENEFITS OF PAKISTAN DAM

The benefits to be derived from Pakistan Dam are enormous. On

average, every year they will be higher than as given below
(Rs in Billion)

Average annual power benefits 64.64

Average annual irrigation benefits 12.53

Average annual flood alleviation benefits 1.44

Additional power from Tarbela 8.97

Average yearly benefits 87.58

 NATIONAL LOSS IF PAKISTAN DAM IS NOT BUILT

➢ The Annual energy generated would be equivalent to 20 million

barrels of oil otherwise needed to produce thermal power.

➢ National food needs would be jeopardized.

➢ 38% loss of storage capacity of the existing reservoirs due to

sedimentation, results in shortage of committed irrigation supplies.

➢ Industrial, Commercial, Economic & quality of life will deteriorate

further.

➢ For implementation of Water Apportionment Accord 1991, new

storages are essential. it would give rise in bitter inter-provincial
disputes,
 DIAMER BASHA DAM MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECT
(PROFILE OF PROJECT UNDER EXECUTION)
Project Location Chilas on Indus River 315 km upstream of Tarbela Dam,
Height of Dam 272 m
Length of Dam 990 m
Gross Storage 8.1 Million-acre feet (MAF)
Live Storage 6.4MAF
Total Installed Capacity 4,500MW
Total Number of Units 12, each of 375 MW
Power Houses 2 (2,250 MW each)
Average Generation 18,000 Gwh/ annum
Construction Period 2009-2017
Present Status
•Feasibility Completed in 2007.
•Construction to start by mid 2009.
 WATER STORAGE CAPACITIES
OF SOME COUNTRIES

➢ Pakistan can store only 30 days of water.

➢ India can store 120-220 days of water
➢ South Aferica can store 500 days of water
➢ Eygpt Aswan dam can store upto 700 days of water
➢ In USA Colorado dam can store upto 900 days of
water