INTRODUCTION:

In the beginning of independent Bangladesh 29 July 1971 an Indian citizen , Biman mallick
designed eight postage stamps. In those turbulent days of 1971, it seemed that every
patriotic Bengali’s top priority was to affirm that Bangladesh is a country in the truest
meaning of the word. They sought to demonstrate that Bangladesh has a distinct
geographic territory, a population, and a functioning government that is backed by the
majority of the population. The inhabitants of East Pakistan were, in the opinion of the
Pakistani government at the time, behaving regularly. The Bangladeshi government, on the
other hand, asserted that the locals were loyal to their government and not to that of
Pakistan.Increased evidence that the area is under the supervision of the stamp issuing body
can be found in communication with a greater diversity and breadth. Consequently, we
fought a ruthless totalitarian system through the medium of stamp collecting. The
individuals who favored independence sought to reestablish normal communication in
favor of the Bangladeshi government during the Liberation War and made attempts to
restart the postal system, which had previously been destroyed in both urban and rural
regions. The Pakistani Armed Forces, on the contrary hand, and their allies were hardly
capable of reaching a handful of the remoter smaller townships, much alone hundreds of
villages. They were only successful in keeping frequent contact among larger cities.Using
postal division An excellent beginning for a freshly created nation has occurred in India,
our neighbor and our friend. We thus created our first postal division in gpo, Calcutta, with
the assistance of India. The division's main office's address goes to 8, Theare Road,
Calcutta 700071, West Bengal, India.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Imam H.T.M. Bangladesh 1971,Agami Prokashoni, Dhaka.
Hasan, Moidul, Mainstream 1971, UPL,Dhaka.
Rahman, Hasan Hafizur,History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents,
Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Information, Pages 30-32.
Hossain,Dr. kamal,History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents,Ministry of
Information,Government of Bangladesh,Pages 143-193.
Sobhan, Rehman, above, page 263-293.
Anisuzzaman, Amar Ekattor, literary Publication, Dhaka.
Khan, Faruq, Aziz, Spring 71, Agami Publications, Dhaka.
Karim,S.A.Sheikh Mujib victory and tragedy,UPL, Dhaka.
Ahmod, Mohiuddin, Prothoma Prokashon, Dhaka.
Bangladesh National Encyclopedia, Bangladesh Asiatic Society.
Shajahan, Shiraj, Announcement of Independence, Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of
Bangladesh.
Expatriate Bangladesh Government Postage Stamps, Prothom Alo, Bangladesh,A.T.M.
Anwarul Kadir, 26.03.2012..
First postage stamp of Bangladesh, Prothom Alo,Bangladesh 10.10.2009.
Published 8 postal stamp from Format International Security Press London.
Kolkata: Ekal o Shekal, Rothin Mitro, Anondo publications, Kolkata, 1999, page 31.
Hasan Hafizur Rahman, History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Document, third
part,Mujibnagar Administration,Ministry of Information, People’s Republic Of
Bangladesh, Hakkani Publishers, Dhaka, 1982.
Kolkata: a complete history, Atul Sur, General printers and Publishers, Kolkata,1981, page
288.
Banglapedia,Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 2007.
Vivas Gupta, Stamp Digest, Vol 2, No. 08, August 1971, Calcutta, India.
Postal system of liberation war- Gautam Kumar Dey, monthly bulletin, Vol. LI, No.03, The
Asiatic Society,March 2022,
“Muktijuddhe Dakbibhag” by Dr. S.M. Sarwar Morshed

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
With the creation of the Postal Department, political objectives that produced tangible
results helped to shape the context of the independence movement. A country's postal
service is a good indicator of its physical infrastructure, identity, sovereignty, and other
factors as well as its degree of communication. The Department of Posts makes it very
evident that the Liberation War of Bangladesh was more than simply an effort by the Indian
government to undermine Pakistan.

The headquarters of the Bangladesh Postal Department moved to 8 Theater Road in

Kolkata, 700071. During the independence struggle, Bangladesh established a postal
service. leader of the nationalist movement. Nationalism cannot exist in the mind.
One-of-a-kind seal: "Bangladesh Postal Department announces, Bangladesh of Liberation
War is no longer a Mental Idea." due to the fact that Biman Mallick, an Indian citizen, used
postal stamps to publicize this liberation battle of barely 7.5 million people. He made the
Dhaka University massacre public. Postage stamps highlight Bangabandhu's role as the
liberation war's commander. Awami League won 98 percent of the popular vote in the
election of 1970. Postage stamps are used to spread the word throughout the globe that the
Awami League gained political power in the 1970 election.On April 10, 1971, the
Mujibnagar administration released the Declaration of Independence. Postage stamps are
one way people may show their support for Bangladesh. The postage stamp depicts a map
of fighting Bangladesh that is rich in geographical indications to show the scope of the
conflict. As a way to communicate the design of the national flag of an independent
Bangladesh, postage stamps display the national flag of Bangladesh to the world.
In less than three weeks and absolutely free of charge, Biman Mallick created eight postal
stamps. In West Bengal's Howrah district, Biman Mallick was born on December 17, 1933.
Ajit Kumar Mallick is his father's name.
Sarada Devi is her name. His parents had nine kids altogether. An Indian liberation warrior
and supporter of Gandhi, his father Ajit Kumar Mallick. The designer of the postage stamp
commemorating the Bangladesh Liberation War, Biman Mallick, created an interesting
artwork.
Shilpi Kamrul Hasan, Nitun Kundu, Ashraf Ali Chowdhury, and L. N. Mishra served as the
Indian Postal Department's director while the first Postmaster General, Maudud Ahmad,
served as its chief executive.
A lawyer named Maudood Ahmad established 5 field post offices. The Mujibnagar
Government is reportedly in charge of managing 32 to 48 of these field post offices.
From Calcutta GPO, 8 stamps cost 21.80 paise. It costs £1.09 in England and is offered
along with 23,000 stamps. From Saraswati Press in Calcutta, the stamp was reissued.
At a press conference in Calcutta on July 26, 1971, Deputy Ambassador Hossain Ali made
the announcement on the issuance of postal stamps. Dr. John Stonehouse, a physician from
England, used Enamul Haque to send stamps to Calcutta.
The postal stamp is 2 centimeters long. Mr. was 14×14.5. In the year 1971 A.D., Biman
Mallick was 37 years old. John Stonehouse served as the director of the London GPO in
1969. Then, on 7 July 1969, the 100th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth, Biman
Mallick was commemorated in London by the issuance of postal stamps featuring Gandhi's
image.
Between April and May of 1971 AD, the first Postmaster General, Barrister Maudud
Ahmad Jessore, replaced the Field Post Office at Kashipur, Benapole Meherpur (renamed
Mujibnagar on 10 April 1971) at Meherpur, Darshan of Kushtia. Five months after the
stamp's issuance, Bangladesh won. On white security paper that is water resistant, these
stamps are produced.
Through the Postal Service, political initiatives and campaigns were disseminated globally.
The Mujibnagar administration started to be seen as a political ally of the administration.
The introduction of stamps created by Biman Mallick serves as confirmation that the
political administration constituted under Bangabandhu's leadership was by no means a
separatist government.

The political administration that was founded in 1971 opened a social, cultural, and
intellectual channel with people all over the world. The political diplomacy of
Bangabandhu's government was unmatched, as can be seen from the political history of
independent Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Liberation War gained the support of Stonehouse
when he emigrated to the United Kingdom.
The goal was to transform the Bengali people into global citizens. Dr. Enamul Haque and
Barrister Amirul Islam each had a special function to play in creating the postal
department. In London, Dr. Enamul Haque laid the groundwork for organizational context.
Likewise, Amirul Islam F.P.O.
Gokapattan was opened by (Field Post Office) in Patgram's Lalmonirhat subdivision. To
manage the transfer of letters from Calcutta GPO, 32 to 48 Field Post Offices (F.P.O.,
though this figure is contested) were set up. The Indian official L. N. in this situation The
arduous labor that Mishra has performed cannot be adequately expressed in words. The
effort put in to establish the postal system of independent Bangladesh is astounding, from
the Chief Adhikari (P.M.G.) of West Bengal GPO to the "postal hawkers." This debt cannot
be repaid,honoring the Indian Postal System workers. For their tireless efforts in support of
Bangladesh's political recognition, the Indian government has not given additional pay to
the country's postal workers. Political diplomacy has no place for this spiritual connection.
Bangladesh Mission was the title of the country's sub-embassy. At the time, Circus Avenue,
now known as Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Sarani, was close to Park Circus, where the
Bangladesh sub-embassy also offered postal stamp sales.
The division of the nation took place on August 15, 1947. On January 30, 1948, Gandhiji
passed away. However, an Indian citizen named Biman Mallick created a free postage
stamp for Bangladesh, the homeland suffering in a war-torn Bangladesh that was
previously a part of India, on July 29, 1971. Bengal that had been divided had access to the
affection of another unified Bengali kid.

NARRATIVE:
The Bangladesh Postal Department's infrastructure project has begun at the Kolkata GPA.
In independent Bangladesh, we can observe a solid start for the postal system under the
guidance of Bangabandhu. N. Mishra has been hired as a consultant. Artist Kamrul Hasan
worked at the Mujibnagar Government's Postal Department as well as the Indian Postal
Department. Nitun Kundu and Ashraf Ali both helped in the replacement of sub-post
offices.
Map of Bangladesh (10 paisa), Dhaka University Massacre (20 paisa), Seven and a half
million citizens (50 paisa), Liberation War Flag (1 rupee), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman (5 rupees), 1970 AD elections (Rs. 3), and Support Bangladesh were the themes of
the postage stamps that were first released on July 29, 1971. (Rs. 10). 48 S.P.O.s (Sup Post
Offices) were replaced by the Mujibnagar Government in 32 exchanges, including stamps.
In the lithography method, the stamps are made on security paper without any watermarks
and have a white border around them. The first 100 copies, each 10x10 in size, were
printed in London. Each stamp had a perforation that measured 2 by 2 inches.
8 stamps in a set are available from the Bangladesh Mission in Calcutta for Rs 21.80;
stamps with an opening envelope are Rs 22. These stamps cost £1.09 in England plus a
processing fee of 20 pesos. On the bottom of the design pillar for the opening envelope, it
said "Bangladesh's First Postage Stamp," "Opening Envelope" on the right side in tiny
print, and "Bangladesh" on the left side in big print.
The inaugural envelope was printed in Calcutta and had a dark green color, whereas the
printed opening envelope was a vivid vermilion orange in London.
Taking over from the Indian Postal Department is Swadhin Bangladesh/Postal Department
of Warring Bangladesh. On July 29, 1971, Biman Mallick of the Howrah District
established this Postal Department. It is a voyage through the debut of the independent
Bangladeshi.From London GPO to Calcutta GPO, the expedition began with postage
stamps of fighting Bangladesh.
At the Kolkata GPO and Bangladesh Mission 1, Park Circus Avenue, postage stamps are
available for purchase (now Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Sarani). The creator of this
postage stamp, Biman Mallick, demonstrated with this design on July 29, 1971, that the
Bengali religion could no longer be practiced in the state.
The usage of rubber seals displaying the name of Bangladesh was mandated by the
Director General of the Bangladesh General Post Office on December 19, 1971. In order to
give birth to the state of Bangladesh, a number of different state components were
necessary. A fire extinguisher was created there using the postage.

Biman Mallick is notable for a number of reasons, including the fact that he left London for
the troubled nation of Bangladesh. Beginning of Bangladesh's journey reveals that
Pakistani occupation troops were actively promoting a stable environment in Pakistan
through a variety of means. Here, the presence of a distinct entity is expressed by the
distinct postal system (i.e. sovereign Bangladesh). Furthermore, the existence of this shows
that Pakistani propaganda is ineffective.
The mechanism behind Pakistan's "State Formation Policy" is fabricated. because
Mohammad Ali Jinnah himself was a former congressman and was not familiar with
Islamic vocabulary or rituals. Jinnah opposed the concept of "States" in the 1940s at the
annual meeting called by the All India Muslim League in Lahore on March 23, 1940. As a
result, Bangladesh's formation of an artificial state along the Pakistani border was
inevitable. It was simply a matter of time until Bangladesh emerged, given how Pakistan
came to be via political treason. The first Secretariat of Bangladesh, which was established
in 1971 and could be found at 8, Theater Road in Kolkata, 700071, claimed that Pakistan
was in charge of the campaign at the time, producing postage stamps and coordinating the
movement of the postal service concurrently.
Pakistan's artificiality is once again demonstrated. "One country, two postal systems" is
evidence that Pakistan's "integrity" has been lost. Bangladesh was an actual country at the
time, on July 29, 1971.

The physical infrastructure from London to Kolkata (Mujibnagar) is already in place. With
political stability, Bangladesh transformed into Pakistan, but not in the same way. due to
the Pakistan Movement's brief status as an anti-colonialism and anti-imperialist movement.
The anti-Pakistan movement, on the other hand, was a movement against the government
apparatus. Ayub Khan is a C.M.L.A. Yahya Khan used military dictatorship to maintain
control over the governmental apparatus. Pakistan's ties to the state complement its active
stance.
Awami League is the name of the political group that Bangabandhu headed in the liberation
struggle for Bangladesh. Awami League governed Mujibnagar as of April 10, 1971 AD.
Pakistan also seized the Awami League. This is evidence of "two countries" and "two
governments."
Following Bangladesh in Gyanendra Mohan Das's Dictionary of the Bengali Language,
stamp designer Biman Mallick utilizes two alana terms to designate the nation.
Additionally, the rupee was printed on postal stamps since the Mujibong administration in
Calcutta was in charge of managing the monetary system.
The Mujibnagar administration built a unique postal system. A Dak Bivag was also not
only necessary, but absolutely imperative, to symbolize the Mujibnagar authority. The
stamps were designed by Biman Mallick for no price and were created in Bengali for
Bengali. mainly because the Bengali state had united. On July 29, Bangladesh's National
Postal Day honors Indian citizen Biman Mallick in particular.
In the Universal Postal Union, which was founded in 1874 in Bern, the Swiss capital,
Pakistan argued that Indians were harmed by Pakistan's postal system. Biman claimed
ownership of the designs for postage stamps and proclaimed the Bangladesh Post
Department nonexistent.
The Mujibnagar administration gave the initial stamp design to Donald Chaseworth, the
director of the London-based organization War on Want, who then traveled to Calcutta.
From "Format International Security Press" in London, battling Bangladesh postal stamps
were produced. The postal stamps and the "First Day Cover" were on show by John
Stonehouse on July 26, 1971, during a press conference in the English "House of
Commons".
The Field Post Office's opening ceremony was attended by Krishna Debnath, a staff
reporter for the Anandabazar Patrika, in mid-April 1971, according to Gautam Kumar
Dey's article titled "Postal System of Liberation War" that was published in Monthly
Bulletin "V. LI No. 3" by The Asiatic Society, Calcutta in March 2022. Nurul Islam and
MA Aziz, two senior employees of the Idris Ali Naranganj Post Office, worked hard to
open the first five field post offices. During the liberation struggle, the Awami League
volunteers had a significant impact on the establishment of Bangladesh's postal system.
The field post offices' news concerning their activity was printed. The Statesman, a
publication of Dainik Jugantar, first launched from Calcutta on April 27, 1971. Amritbazar
Patrika and Bridge both published Field Post Office news on April 22 and May 27, 1971,
respectively. In addition to sending letters within war-torn Bangladesh, this postal system
also allowed letters to be sent to India, the United States, England, and Switzerland. On
April 22, 1971, the Daily Yugantar, a Calcutta-based publication, verified this information.
Hossain Ali, the chief of the Bangladesh Mission in Calcutta, said that overprinted stamps
had been produced by Bangladesh on April 26, 1971. Bhini Mukti One thing that stands
out about this situation is that the postage stamps from the Pakistan era were cancelled
using a violet color stamp (cancellation) that was stamped with two rings.
Inscribed FIELD POST OFFICE/BANGLADESH between two rings.
MUKITFAUZ/BENAPOLE. In addition, the words "Bangla Desh Mukti Fauz Vahit Dak"
and "MAIL CARRIED BY BANGLADESH MUKTI FAUZ" are inscribed in Bengali and
English on the envelope. The envelope's postmark from the Bangram Post Office in India
confirms that it was received there.
It is unclear exactly how many post offices, including field post offices, were set up by the
Mujibnagar administration during the independence struggle. The primary cause is a dearth
of comprehensive evidence. It may be deduced through an analysis of numerous facts and
statistics that it will be close to 130. (There is no written proof of this. In contrast, the
indicated figure could be true. Bivas Gupta, an accomplished philatelist, visited me.
32 S.P.O.s (sub-Postmaster) (sub-Postmaster) 32 Post Offices are listed under Sub-Post
Office. - Here is where it is in relation to other places:
Khulna 6
7 of Jessore
Kushtia 5
Pabna 2
Rajshahi 3
Rangpur 2
Comilla 2
Chittagong 2
Sylhet 3
District wise field post under Mujibnagar Govt
The list of offices is as follows:
Kushtia
1. Mujibnagar (Formerly Bhaver Para)
2. Chuadanga
3. Jeevannagar
4. Meherpur
5. darshan

Jessore
1. Benapole
2.Jhukorgacha
3. Kashipur

Khulna
1. Devahata

Mymensingh
1. Dewanganj
2. Haluaghat

Dinajpur
1. Bindola

Rangpur
1. Patgram
2. Chilmari
3. Roumari
4. Ulipur
5. Kurigram

Sylhet
1. Bholaganj

Chittagong Hill Tracts

1. Ramgarh