Unit 9
Unit 9
Unit 9
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, G, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
11. Local authorities should find ways to limit the use of private cars and encourage city ____ to
use public transport.
12. To get ready for the presentation, we can start preparing the slides while Jeremy will do the
____.
13. Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned around a central park
and designed so that every resident can walk to work in the business ____.
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A. district B. area C. location D. organisation
14. The waste ____ system here is also innovative. There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in the
street.
15. London is a/an ____ city. It's a melting pot for people from all parts of the world.
16. Cities in poorer countries often lack basic ____. Without it, they are unable to function properly
as cities.
17. The ____ of living in some places can be very high. Prices in London are particularly exorbitant.
18. Urban ____ is prevalent in most cities. Everywhere you go there are building sites, pedestrian
precincts, blocks of flats, and housing estates spreading into the countryside.
19. This safe, ____ friendly city is like a paradise for its inhabitants who can enjoy the highest
quality of life.
21. Every month, scientists invent new gadgets and ____ to help us with our daily lives, and
discover ways to make existing technology faster and better.
22. Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the city offers its
people exciting ____.
23. The roads are terrible. I'm always getting ____ in traffic.
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A. stuck B. lost C. exhausted D. late
24. A pedestrian ____ is a specified place on the road where people can cross.
25. Everything's a bit more expensive here and property prices are extremely high. A lot of people
have no choice but to live in the ____ and commute in to work.
26. It's much safer for cyclists to get around these days with cycle ____ everywhere.
27. The ____ is where you'll find all the large department stores and banks.
28. Exhaust ____ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities.
29. Many factories still allow ____, such as toxic waste, to flow into our rivers
30. Many commuters struggling to work through the rush-hour ____ ask 'Is it worth it?'
31. It is perhaps, the daily stresses and ____ of the city which make life there a matter of survival
rather than of enjoyment.
32. Most cars nowadays are fitted with a security ____ of some kind.
33. The greenhouse ____ takes place when certain gases in the atmosphere trap sun's heat.
34. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in ____ cities.
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35. Millions of people around the world still live in poverty. They are struggling every day simply
to ____.
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
36. Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a
pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces.
37. Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS.
38. They design and carry out projects aiming to reduce fossil fuel consumption, find renewable
fuels for public transport, and promote other clean air efforts.
39. The urban planners are working for Eco Infrastructure Network, whose main function is to
deal with urban environmental problems to make Super Star City greener, cleaner, and more
sustainable.
40. If we have solar panels on our roofs, we'll be able to generate our own electricity.
41. I believe the government will use advanced technology to build faster trains and make
people's life more comfortable.
42. Many city dwellers, especially those in developing countries, still live in poverty.
43. These projects have proved to be very effective in dealing with global climate change, which
was considered an insoluble problem in the first 30 years of this century.
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A. hard B. challenging C. unsolvable D. unbearable
44. There's a real mix of people in Brighton. It has a very cosmopolitan feel to it.
45. People who hold optimistic view believe that cities of the future will increase the general well-
being of individuals and societies.
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
46. If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won't be a safe place to live in.
47. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be
found.
48. People who live in towns and cities live in an urban environment.
49. There is pollution not only of the physical environment because the various pressure of urban
life causes cities to breed crime.
50. Governments have to join hands to solve the environmental problems on a global scale.
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
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A. aren't I B. am I C. am not I D. are not I
63. There's hardly anything that can be done to reduce pollution, ____?
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65. We are supposed to submit the assignment by Friday, ____?
67. None of the old people likes living in urban areas, ____?
68. Neither of the locations was ideal for a new shopping mall, ____?
70. Sophie has got no major problems living in the new city, ____?
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
71. Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave ____ her this evening.
72. When you ____ with your computer, can I borrow it?
73. If you like peace and quiet, ____ move to the town to live.
74. If you go by air, it ____ you around two hours to get to Ho Chi Minh City from Ha Noi.
75. ____ he do well in the exam, his parents will buy him an MP3 player.
76. You are expected to fasten the seatbelt ____ you are driving.
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A. when B. if C. whenever D. all are correct
79. If you see Karen, ____ you ask her to call me?
80. If you bully someone, you ____ them to do things against their will.
Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
81. Won't you be a lot happier if Dad came home this weekend?
A B C D
82 Should Jade gets to interview a famous politician, she will ask lots of difficult questions.
A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
85. If you meet John, will tell him I want to see him.
A B C D
86. None of your friends really enjoyed themselves at the party, didn't they?
A B C D
A B C D
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88. You never work more than you have to, do you?
A B C D
89. You made no effort to make friends with Darren, didn't you?
A B C D
A B C D
Exercise 9. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the
following exchanges. 91. “____?" – "It's ten minutes' walk from here.”
93. “I believe people will have a better life in the future.” - “____ Life will be more enjoyable than it
is today, won't it?”
A. No, I don't think so. B. Not exactly. C. Yes, I agree. D. You can't be right.
94. ” ____” – “That's right. London will be cleaner and more sustainable.”
96. “Global warming will continue to be a big threat to life on earth.” – “____”
B. Then we can't afford to ignore its effects any longer, can we?
98. “In 2050, London won't be a good place to live in, will it?” – “____”
99. “I'm going to the supermarket now. Do you need anything?” – “____”
A. Why not going to the cinema with me? B. I suggest to go to the cinema.
A. You won't take the final exam. B. You wouldn't take the final
exam.
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C. You wouldn't be able to take the final exam. D. You can't take the final exam.
102. “____” – “Yes, I love it here. Everything I want is only five minutes away.”
A. It's convenient to live here, isn't it? B. It's comfortable to live here, isn't it?
C. It's inconvenient to live here, isn't it? D. It's uncomfortable to live here, isn't it?
105. “Most cities aren't safe places to live, are they?" – "____”
A. No, I'm afraid. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas'.
B. Yes, they are. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
C. Well, the opposite is true. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
D. On the contrary. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas'.
Part V. READING
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
MARRAKECH
Where can you go in January for almost guaranteed sunshine – without travelling for most
of the day to get there? The answer is Marrakech in Morocco, a four-hour (106) ____ from
Britain, where the average temperature is a pleasant 66°F.
Marrakech is a city of (107) ____ beauty, with its pink buildings and green palm trees
contrasting with the snow-covered (108) ____ of the Atlas Mountains in the distance. For
tourists, there's the added attraction of excellent food at reasonable prices, and high
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quality accommodation, such as Hotel La Momounia, (109) ____ as one of the top hotels in
the world.
(110) ____ Marrakech is one of Morocco's busiest and most modern cities, the influence of
the Middle Ages is still very evident. (111) ____ can admire the battlements, towers, and
mosques, which were built (112) ____ centuries ago. And forget about shopping malls – for
perfumes, fabrics, antiques, spices and crafts, (113) ____ the ‘souks’, open-air market places
where you'll almost (114) ____ find something to take back home.
For those who want to (115) ____ sport Marrakech has plenty to offer. (116) ____ to golf and
tennis, there is also skiing on the slopes of the high Atlas Mountains, where the (117) ____
of the surrounding area are quite spectacular. Alternatively, you could just relax by a
heated swimming pool and dream of your next visit.
Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
A NEW CAPITAL
When the new state of Pakistan was founded in 1947, Karachi acted as the capital city.
However, it was difficult for Karachi to remain in this role due to a number of drawbacks
such as the climate and the state of the existing buildings. Rather than try to overcome
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these drawbacks, the government decided to create a new capital city. In 1959, a
commission was established to investigate the possible locations of this new city. The
advisor appointed to the commission was Dr Doxiadis, a famous architect and city planner.
Dr Doxiadis and his colleagues looked at the various locations. They then produced a
report suggesting two possible areas: one just outside Karachi and the other to the north of
Rawalpindi. Both locations had advantages as well as disadvantages. Which site was it to
be?
The choice between these two options was made after consideration of many factors, such
as transportation, the availabilities of water, economic factors, and factors of national
interest. Finally, the site north of Rawalpindi was chosen and on the 24th February 1960,
the new capital was given the name of ‘Islamabad’ and a master plan was drawn up. This
master plan divided the area into three different sections: Islamabad itself, neighbouring
Rawalpindi, and the national park.
Each of these three sections had a different role. Islamabad would act as the national's
capital and would serve its administrative and cultural needs, whereas Rawalpindi would
remain the regional centre with industry and commerce. The third piece of the plan, the
national park, was planned to provide space for education, recreation, and agriculture.
Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy a pollution-
free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces. Guide tree-lined streets, elegant
public buildings, and well-organised bazaars and shopping centres. The new capital is a
superb example of good urban planning.
119. How many places were suggested for the new capital city in the initial reports?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
120. Which of the following factors was NOT considered when choosing the location for the new
capital city?
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A. the climate and the state of the existing buildings
C. economic issues
C. The reasons why Islamabad became the new capital city of Pakistan.
Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
Urban planning deals with the physical, economic, and social development of cities. Today
urban populations are increasing rapidly, and growing cities are putting enormous
pressure on the environment. For this reason, the type of urban planning found in Curitiba,
in southern Brazil, is more important than ever.
Curitiba is a fine example of how urban planning can work. This has not always been the
case, however. At one time, Curitiba faced the same problems as many other cities all over
the world, namely overcrowding, pollution, and an increased demand for services,
transport, and housing. How, then, did Curitiba address these problems?
By the 1940s the population of Curitiba had grown to about 150,000 as immigrants from
countries such as Japan, Syria, and Lebanon came to work in agriculture and industry.
These people needed both housing and transportation. Curitiba's leaders realised that it
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was not sensible to deal with these problems separately. Consequently, they employed a
French planner and architect, Alfred Agache, to find an overall solution.
Agache studied all aspects of the problem. He designed a scheme which gave priority to
public services such as sanitation and public transport. At the same time, the scheme
included centres which helped both community life and commerce to develop, and reduced
traffic congestion. This was the first scheme to address several problems of growing cities
at the same time. Unfortunately, some parts of his plan were not completed. The result, as
described below, was that his scheme only served Curitiba for another 20 years.
By the 1960s, the population of Curitiba had grown to about 430,000 inhabitants, so the
city had to rethink its needs. In order to do this, the mayor put together a team of
architects and town planners led by Jaime Lerner. This team produced the Curitiba Master
Plan. This consisted of taking Agache's original plan and adding wide, high-speed roads
which crossed the smaller streets. Their proposals also included plans to minimise urban
growth, reduce city centre traffic, and preserve the city's historic district. It is clear that the
Curitiba Master Plan was one of the first attempts to integrate all aspects of city planning.
This integrated approach to urban design was maintained throughout the 1980s as
Curitiba's population grew to almost one million inhabitants. Environmental facilities were
added, such as a recycling programme for household waste, and parks and 'green' spaces
were protected from development. However, good transportation remained central to the
planning.
Good transportation still remains a priority, together with the needs for jobs. A growing
population needs employment, so business parks and centres have been added to
encourage new small businesses. All these changes will continue be the population of
Curitiba increases, but its city planners are continually searching for solutions to the
problems.
123. What aspect of development does urban planning NOT deal with?
124. How many problems are mentioned in the passage as commonly shared by many cities?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
125. What was the main cause of the increase in Curitiba's population Delore the 1940s?
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A. immigrants from rural areas B. workers in business park
B. His scheme included centres which helped both community life and commerce to
develop.
128. What was new about the approach to the planning in the 1980s?
129. The new thing about the current approach to urban planning is ____.
130. Which statement best describes the author's opinion of the Curitiba experience of urban
planning?
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Part VI. WRITING
Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
each of the following questions.
131. You use your mobile phone a lot, so you have large phone bills.
A. If you don't use your mobile phone a lot, you don't have large phone bills.
B. If you didn't use your mobile phone a lot, you wouldn't have large phone bills.
C. If you don't use your mobile phone a lot, you won't have large phone bills.
D. If you won't use your mobile phone a lot, you won't have large phone bills.
A. If heated long enough, water boils. B. If water is heated long enough, it boils.
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D. Unless you water plants and flowers, they live.
Exercise 14. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair
of sentences in the following questions.
136. Researchers are developing low-cost devices. These devices can detect water pollutants in
rivers and lakes.
A. Researchers are developing low-cost devices that can detect water pollutants in rivers
and lakes.
B. Researchers are developing low-cost devices to detect water pollutants in rivers and
lakes.
C. Researchers are developing low-cost devices so that they can detect water pollutants in
rivers and lakes.
D. Researchers are developing low-cost devices who can detect water pollutants in rivers
and lakes.
137. Urban planners carry out projects to develop a city. They look at the needs of local people
and the environment when they do this.
A. While carrying out projects to develop a city, urban planners look at the needs of local
people and the environment when they do this.
B. While carrying out projects to develop a city, urban planners look at the needs of local
people and the environment.
C. If they carry out projects to develop a city, urban planners look at the needs of local
people and the environment when they do this.
D. As carrying out projects to develop a city, urban planners look at the needs of local
people and the environment.
138. Most Superstar City Dwellers are quite happy with their life and work. Barbara and Mark are
quite happy, too.
A. Not only most Superstar City Dwellers are quite happy with their life and work but also
Barbara and Mark are quite happy, too.
B. Most Superstar City Dwellers along with Barbara and Mark are quite happy with their
life and work.
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C. Like most Superstar City Dwellers, Barbara and Mark are quite happy with their life and
work.
D. Barbara and Mark are like most Superstar City Dwellers because they are quite happy
with their life and work.
139. Wastewater is treated and turned into drinking water. This is done to ensure there is no
shortage of fresh water.
A. For there is shortage of fresh water, wastewater is treated and turned into drinking
water.
B. Wastewater is treated and turned into drinking water because there is shortage of fresh
water.
C. Wastewater is treated and turned into drinking water though there is no shortage of
fresh water.
D. To ensure there is no shortage of fresh water, wastewater is treated and turned into
drinking water.
140. The infrastructure of our city needs upgrading. It's in an extremely poor condition now.
A. The infrastructure of our city needs upgrading, for it's in an extremely poor condition
now.
B. The infrastructure of our city needs upgrading though it's in an extremely poor
condition now.
C. While the infrastructure of our city needs upgrading, it's in an extremely poor condition
now.
D. The infrastructure of our city needs upgrading when it's in an extremely poor condition
now.
_________THE END___________
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