Lesson-8

E-Commerce
You will learn
EDI(Electronic Data Interchange)
EDI(Electronic Data
Interchange)
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an electronic communication What is E-Commerce and E-
Greetings ?
method that provides standards for exchanging data via any Influence on user
What factor one should
electronic means. Two different companies or organizations, keep in mind while doing e-
commerce, Websites
even in two different countries, can electronically exchange Example
documents (such as purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices,

and many others). EDI implies a sequence of messages between

two parties, either of whom may serve as originator or recipient.

The formatted data is transmitted via telecommunications or

physically transported on electronic storage media using wires

What is E-Commerce and E-Greetings?

E-Commerce It refers to any form of transaction (exchange) that uses an electronic

medium to facilitate the transaction.

Social impacts of E- Business:

• Reductions in transactions and other costs.

• Increase in the internet users.
• Un-shortened supply chain.

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 • Improved customer service.
• Increased productivity/efficiency.
• Access to international markets.

Some E-Business websites are:

Name of Website Purpose

www.irctc.co.in It provides online railway ticket reservation in
India.
www.licindia.com Insurance company of India.
www.ebay.in India’s most popular online shopping mall
providing freeonline auctions
www.amazon.com Online store for Books, CD’s, DVD’s, MP3’s etc.
www.yatra.com Online flight ticket booking service.

An E-card is similar to a postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being that it is created

using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials. E-cards are made available by

publishers usually on various Internet sites, where they can be sent to a recipient, usually via e-mail.

It also considered more environmentally friendly compared to traditional paper cards. E-card

businesses are considered environmentally friendly because their carbon footprint is generally much

lower compared to paper card companies and because paper is not used in the end product.

E-cards can be easily sent to many people at once or extensively personalized by the sender

Typically, an E-card sender chooses from an on-line catalog of E-cards made available on a

publisher's web site. After selecting a card, the sender can personalize it to various degrees by

adding a message, photo, or video. Finally, the sender specifies the recipient's e-mail address and

the web site delivers an e-mail message to the recipient on behalf of the sender.

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Types of E-card:

• Flash animation
This type of E-card is based on two-dimensional vector animation controlled with
a scripting language. Flash animated greeting cards can include interactivity, for
example, asking the viewer to choose a picture to animate;
• Video E-cards
"Video E-cards" use a combination of personalized text and video to convey the
message to the recipient.
• Mobile E-cards
With the advance in mobile technologies, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
which is basically picture SMS, became more and more popular.
• Web based multi-media E-cards
The web-based card creation has been evolving becoming more creative. The
user can create greeting cards online choosing backgrounds, drag and drop
images, animations, smiles and write text that look like handwriting.
• E-cards games
Some E-cards include interactive games.

Influence on user

ADVANTAGES OF ECOMMERCE
• Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find products.
• Buying/selling 24/7.
• More reach to customers, there is no theoretical geographic limitations.
• Low operational costs and better quality of services.
• No need of physical company set-ups.
• Easy to start and manage a business.
• Customers can easily select products from different providers without moving around physically.

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DISADVANTAGES OF ECOMMERCE
• Any one, good or bad, can easily start a business. And there are many bad sites which eat up
customers’ money.
• There is no guarantee of product quality.
• Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes.
• As there is minimum chance of direct customer to company interactions, customer loyalty is
always on a check.
• There are many hackers who look for opportunities, and thus an ecommerce site, service,
payment gateways, all are always prone to attack.

What factor one should keep in mind while doing e-

commerce?
1 Privacy
It is easy to collect a lot of personal information from a
consumer using an e-commerce website,

2 Security

Online transactions are inherently more insecure than those conducted in person because
there's no way to guarantee that the person making the payment is the actual owner of the
credit card used.

3 Price Wars
Merchants used to selling at their shop may often find selling online an extremely competitive
marketplace. or products are purchased from illegitimate retailers because they had the best
price.

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4 Returns And Complaints
Selling online means usually a higher return rate on products than when the purchase was
conducted in person.

SUMMARY

1. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an electronic communication method that provides

standards for exchanging data via any electronic means.
2. EDI implies a sequence of messages between two parties, either of whom may serve as
originator or recipient.
3. E-Commerce It refers to any form of transaction (exchange) that uses an
electronic medium to facilitate the transaction.
4. An E-card is similar to a postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being that it is
created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials.
5. E-card businesses are considered environmentally friendly because their carbon footprint is
generally much lower compared to paper card companies and because paper is not used in
the end product.
6. Flash animation : This type of E-card is based on two-dimensional vector animation controlled
with a scripting language.
7. Video E-cards : use a combination of personalized text and video to convey the message to
the recipient.
8. Mobile E-cards : With the advance in mobile technologies, Multimedia Messaging Service
(MMS) which is basically picture SMS, became more and more popular.
9. Web based multi-media E-cards : The web-based card creation has been evolving becoming
more creative. The user can create greeting cards online choosing backgrounds, drag and
drop images, animations, smiles and write text that look like handwriting.
10. E-cards games : Some E-cards include interactive games.

EXERCISES
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A. Fill in the blanks

i. EDI implies a sequence of _______________between two parties.

ii. _____________refers to any form of transaction that uses an electronic medium.
iii. _____________ based on two dimensional vector animation.
iv. Video-E-Cards use a combination personalized __________and ___________ to
convey the message.
v. ___________is easy to collect personal information from a consumer using E-
Commerce website.
B. Find true or false
i. EDI is an electronic communication method.
ii. An E-Card is similar to birthday card.
iii. MMS is Multimedia Message Server.
iv. Some E-Card includes interactive entertainment movie.
v. E-Card businesses are considered environmentally friendly.
C. Short Answer Questions
i. What is EDI?
ii. What do you mean by E-Commerce?
iii. Name some E-Commerce website.?
iv. What is E-Card? Name some E-Cards.
v. Write two advantage of E-Card.
vi. Write two disadvantage of E-Card.
vii. Write short notes on:
a) Price Wars.
b) Return and Complaints.
c) Security.

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In the lab

1. Teachers are requested to show all the E-Commerce websites which discussed in the lesson.
2. Teachers are requested to show the disadvantage of E-Commerce with advantage by choosing
any E-Commerce website.

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Lesson-9
Chatting
You will learn

Definition
Chatting Example

Definition
May refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers

a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver.

Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other

participants to respond quickly. Online chat may address point-

to-point communications as well as multicast communications

from one sender to many receivers and voice and video chat,

or may be a feature of a web conferencing service.Online chat can

be direct text-based or video-based (webcams), one-on-one chat or

one-to-many group chat tools such as instant messengers, Internet

Relay Chat (IRC), talkers

and possibly MUDs.

Example
The following are common chat programs and protocols:

• AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)

• Google Talk
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

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• Skype
• WhatsApp
• Windows Live Messenger
• Yahoo! Messenger

SUMMARY

1. Chatting may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-
time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver.

2. Online chat may address point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications

from one sender to many receivers and voice and video chat, or may be a feature of a web
conferencing service

3. Online chat can be direct text-based or video-based (webcams), one-on-one chat or one-to-

many group chat tools such as instant messengers, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), talkers

4. Google Talk, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) are the example of Online chat.

EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks

i. Skype is an example of______________.

ii. Online chat can be direct ____________or ______________.
iii. IRC means______________________.

B. Short Answer Questions

i. What do you mean by Chatting?

ii. Write one difference between text based chat and video based chat.
iii. Write for Chat application.

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In the lab

1. Teachers are requated to show few Online chat Example.

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Lesson-10
Downloading/Uploading
You will learn

Downloading/Uploading Speed Downloading/Uploadi

ng Speed
Difference
Example
Concept of
Bandwidth and
protocol

Download When you connect to the internet, the download speed is the pace at which data
(websites, programmers, music etc.) is transferred from another computer to your own. Currently,
when it comes to home broadband, download speeds range from 8 Mbps to 100 Mbps

Upload speed on the other hand is the speed at which data (such as your pictures and videos) is
uploaded to the internet – perhaps to put onto a social networking site such as Facebook, or file-
sharing site such as Flickr; Essentially, the upload is going in the opposite direction to the download –
from your computer to someone else’s.

Broadband upload speeds are generally much slower than download speeds. The reason for this is
that people generally do far more downloading than uploading, and as such downloading is given
priority by internet service providers (ISPs).

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Difference
Speed

The time that it takes to upload or download a file depends on several factors. The main factor is the
digital size of the file, which is measured in bytes. The larger the file, the longer it takes to transfer the
information in it.

The quality of the connection from the Internet or central server to the smaller computer or device
also makes a difference in the transfer speed. A computer that has high-speed Internet connection
will be able to download or upload a file much more quickly than a computer that has a low-speed
connection would. In addition, the speed of the server on which the file is stored can affect upload
times or download times.

Background Operations

Uploading and downloading occur frequently, often without the user being aware that he or she is
doing it. For example, incoming email is downloaded from a server, and outgoing emails are
uploaded to be sent out.

Example
Downloading

1. Songs, Videos, files from the net

2. Text or Images that are displayed on your browser

Uploading

1. Sending emails
2. Posting Comments, status or pics on various social networking sites

* To be shown in practical by teacher

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Concept of Bandwidth and protocol
Bandwidth is the bit-rate of available or consumed information capacity expressed typically in metric
multiples of bits per second. Variously, bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data
bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

Bandwidth is a term used in the field of signal processing, wireless communications, modem data
transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to
analog signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and
highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power.

Protocols are rules exist at several levels in a telecommunication connection. Example, there are
protocols for the data interchange at the hardware device level and protocols for data interchange at
the application program level. In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), there are one or more
protocols at each layer in the telecommunication exchange that both ends of the exchange must
recognize and observe.

The TCP/IP Internet protocols, a common example, consist of:

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with
other Internet points at the information packet level
• Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet
address level
• Other Protocol are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP),

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SUMMARY

1. Downloading refers to copying a file from network file server to the computer on the network.

2. Uploading refers to copying a file from computer to the network file server.

3. The time that it takes to upload or download a file depends on several factors. The main factor

is the digital size of the file, which is measured in bytes.

4. Uploading and downloading occur frequently, often without the user being aware that he or she

is doing it. For example, incoming email is downloaded from a server.

5. Bandwidth is the bit-rate of available or consumed information capacity expressed typically in

metric multiples of bits per second.

6. Protocols are the common set of rules which is used by the computer on the network to

communicate different types of devices.

7. In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), there are one or more protocols at each layer in the

telecommunication exchange that both ends of the exchange must recognize and observe.

8. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with

other Internet points at the information packet level

9. Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet

address level

10. Other Protocol are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

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EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks

i. ______________reafers to copying a file from network file server to the computer on

the network.
ii. ______________refers to copying a file from computer system to the network file
server.
iii. ______________ is bit rate of available or consumed information capacity.
iv. ______________ is common set of rules.

B. Short Answer Questions

i. What is Downloading?
ii. What is Uploading?
iii. Write one difference between Downloading and Uploading.
iv. Give few example of Downloading and Uploading
v. What is TCP/IP Protocol?
vi. Write full forms of:
a) FTP
b) TCP
c) IP
d) HTTP
e) OSI

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In the lab

1. Download some images and upload it using E-mail.

Teachers are requested to show them in Practical Class.

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Lesson-11
Audio and Video Conferencing
Audio and Video Conferencing You will learn

What is it What is it
Use of It
An audio conference, or teleconference, is simply when a meeting
Factors affecting

between several parties is held over the telephone instead of in person. Video Quality
Usefulness of Video
The party instigating the audio-conference is known as the calling Conferencing

party and those joining the call are known as the participants.

Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or

video teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations
to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio
transmissions.

Use of It
1. Video and audio, or just audio connection between two
computers communicating via the Internet.
Examples of free audio conferencing software: Gizmo, Skype both enable users to speak to
other Gizmo/Skype users free of charge Examples of free video conferencing,
software: iVisit (cross platform), iChat (Mac only), NetMeeting (Windows only).

2. Breeze can also be used for video conferencing

3. Transmitted to & received from any computer in any location that has Internet. User must
have microphone, can have camera. Ideally every user has microphone (camera not
essential) for synchronous communication.
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 4. Technology requirements for video/audio conferencing:
• Computer with access (ideally broadband) to the Internet.
• Browser.
• Speakers to hear audio.
• Microphone (to contribute audio).
• Web camera to contribute video.

Factors affecting Video Quality

The speed of the network connection is one of the biggest contributors to quality. If the network
connection is slow or unstable (such as over the open internet) the video session can be unusable.
Newer equipment (manufactured after 1999) can produce excellent motion pictures from even slow
speed connections and therefore can significantly contribute to better quality images.

Some seemingly minor factors can seriously affect quality. Microphone placement and function
significantly affect video conference quality because the audio clarity of a meeting is critical to the
perception of quality. Further, the amount of movement the meeting participants create, if great, can
cause codecs (the video conferencing engine) to create blurred images as they process
communications signals. Finally, the type-size of fonts used in computer presentations if too small
can be illegible to both near and far-end meeting participants. Tec phonic can offer assistance with all
of these quality factors and more. Contact us for more information.

Usefulness of Video Conferencing

Video conferencing can be used in a host of different environments, which is one of the reasons the
technology is so popular. General uses for video conferencing include business meetings,
educational training or instruction and collaboration among health officials or other representatives.
Thus far video conferencing has been used in the following fields:

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 • Business: Videoconferencing provides businesses with the ability to meet and to work with
others over a distance.
• Distance Learning: Videoconferencing is an exciting technology for education. Teachers
and students are able to see each other, share documents and discuss topics together in a
situation similar to a traditional classroom setting
• Telecommuting / Home Offices: Working out of home has never been easier or more
practical. Videoconferencing makes it possible to stay connected with people in a very real
way.
• Legal Environment: The use of videoconferencing technology is becoming more prevalent
in today’s courtrooms. Videoconferencing systems are used to enable testifying witnesses
to “appear” in court without having to travel to the courtroom.
• Telemedicine: There are times when a person needs medical advice but is unable to visit
their personal physician or even more likely, a specialist. In such situations using
videoconferencing can make all the difference.

SUMMARY

1. An audio conference, or teleconference, is simply when a meeting between several parties is

held over the telephone instead of in person.
2. The party instigating the audio-conference is known as the calling party and those joining the
call are known as the participants.
3. Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or
video teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies, which allow two or more
locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.
4. If the network connection is slow or unstable (such as over the open internet) the video session
can be unusable
5. Video conferencing can be used in a host of different environments, which is one of the reasons
the technology is so popular

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EXERCISES

A. Fill in the blanks

i. ______________ conference is simply when a meeting between several parties is held

over the telephone.
ii. The party instigating the audio conference is known as_______________party.
iii. Video conference is the conduct of a video conference by a set of_________________.
iv. Breeze can also be used for ____________.
v. The ____________of the network connection is one of the biggest contributors to
quality.

B. Find true or false

i. Audio conference is takes place with Miscrophone.

ii. The party instigating the audio-conference is known as the participants.
iii. Video conferencing can be used in a host of different environments, which is one of the
reasons the technology is so popular
iv. Audio/Video Conferencing does not require any internet connection.

C. Short Answer Questions

i. What is audio conferencing?
ii. What is video conferencing?
iii. Write the technology requirements for video/audio conferencing.
iv. Give some example where Audio/Video conference takes place.
v. Who is calling party and participants in context with audio conferencing?

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