Catalogo Agma

AGMA
Catalog of Technical Publications
1990 -- 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Page
American Gear Manufacturers Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
How to Purchase Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Index of AGMA Standards and Information Sheets by Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Index of AGMA Standards and Information Sheets by Topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Aerospace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Design and Assembly -- Bevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Design -- Fine Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Design -- Sound and Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Design -- Spur and Helical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Design -- Wormgear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Drive Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Enclosed Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Failure Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Gearmotors and Shaft Mounted Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
High Speed Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Inspection and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Metric Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mill Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Plastics Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Powder Metallurgy Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Proportions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Rating: Spur, Helical and Bevel Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Style Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Wind Turbine Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Wormgears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
AGMA Standards and Information Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ISO Standards by Technical Committee 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Gear Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fall Technical Meeting Papers: 1990 -- 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2002 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2001 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2000 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1999 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1998 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1997 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1996 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1995 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1994 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1993 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1992 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1991 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1990 Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Prices (see AGMA website www.agma.org) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
March 2004 i Publications Catalog

American Gear Manufacturers Association
AGMA is a voluntary association of companies, consultants and academicians with a direct interest in the design,
manufacture, and application of gears and flexible couplings. AGMA was founded in 1916 by nine companies in
response to the market demand for standardized gear products; it remains a member-- and market--driven
organization to this day. AGMA provides a wide variety of services to the gear industry and its customers and
conducts numerous programs which support these services. Some of these services and programs are:
D STANDARDS: AGMA develops all U.S. gear related standards through an open process under the
authorization of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
D ISO PARTICIPATION: AGMA is Secretariat to TC60, the committee responsible for developing all
international gear standards. TC60 is an ISO (International Organization of Standardization) committee.
D MARKET REPORTS AND STATISTICS: AGMA’s Operating Ratio Report, Wage & Benefit Survey, and
Monthly Market TrendReports help you stay competitive by giving you up--to--date information on the gear
industry.
D THE MARKETING AND STATISTICAL COUNCILS enhance your competitiveness by sharing

information and by developing creative solutions to common industry problems.
D THE PUBLIC AFFAIRSCOUNCIL gives youan active voice in Washington, promoting thegear industry to
our nation’s legislators and regulators.
D GEAR EXPO: This is the only trade show dedicated solely to the gear industry.
D TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEETINGS are the core of the open AGMA standardwriting processkeeping
members abreast of new developments while ensuring that AGMA standards are kept current.
D THE AGMA TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GEAR MANUFACTURING uses current technology to offer
hands--on training in hobbing, shaping, and inspection. At the ”Gear School”, operators learn how to
maximize their productivity. Enrollment is open to all.
D NEWS DIGEST, AGMA’s quarterly newsletter, offers you timely, useful information you can use
immediately.
If you would like additional information about our programs, or on how to become a member of AGMA, please
contact AGMA Headquarters.
American Gear Manufacturers Association

500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350
Alexandria, VA 22314--1560
Phone: (703) 684--0211

FAX: (703) 684--0242
E--Mail: tech@agma.org
website: www.agma.org
Leading the Gear Industry Since 1916
Publications Catalog ii March 2004

How to Purchase Documents

Unless otherwise indicated, all current AGMA Out of print or obsolete documents are
Standards, Information Sheets and papers available only by contacting AGMA
presented at Fall Technical Meetings are Headquarters directly (703--684--0211).
available for purchase, in electronic form,
through the AGMA website, www.agma.org.
March 2004 iii Publications Catalog

The AGMA Foundation exists for your benefit. It

focuses only on the gear industry.
More specifically, it focuses on those opportunities you

might miss as you deal with the everyday demands of
gear manufacturing.
On your behalf, the Foundation explores the new ideas,

the outside--the--box approaches, and the cutting edge
technologies that could transform your future.
With your help, the AGMA Foundation can expand the

opportunities for the gear industry.
Become a partner with the AGMA Foundation, and help

us advance the World of Gearing!
To find out how you can participate in the Foundation,

please visit the Foundation’s website at
www.agmafoundation.org or contact Executive Director
Cindy Bennett at (703) 684--0211 or by e--mail at
bennett @agma.org.
Publications Catalog iv March 2004

Index of AGMA Standards and Information Sheets by Number

Italicizing denotes a current standard
Number Page Title or reference Number Page Title or reference

110.04 Replaced by 1010--E95 231.52 Replaced by 2002--B88
112.05 Incorporated into 1012 - F90 234.01 Replaced by 390.03a
114.02 Replaced by 910--C90 235.02 Replaced by 2000--A88
115.01 Replaced by 933--A03 236.05 Replaced by 390.03a
116.01 Incorporated into 1012 - F90 237.01 Replaced by 390.03
118.01 Replaced by 906--A94 239.01 Replaced by 2000--A88
120.01 Withdrawn 239.01A Replaced by 390.03a
121.02 Replaced by 120.01 240.01 Replaced by 2004--B89
122.02 Replaced by 120.01 241.01 Incorporated into 240.01
141.01 Withdrawn 243.51 Incorporated into 240.01
170.01 Replaced by 6002--B93
243.71 Incorporated into 240.01
201.02 Withdrawn
202.03 Replaced by 2005--C96
203.03 Withdrawn
207.06 Replaced by 1003--G93
246.02A Replaced by 926--A99
208.03 Replaced by 2005--C96
209.04 Replaced by 2005--C96
210.02 Replaced by 218.01
211.02A Replaced by 420.04
250.04 Replaced by 9005--E02
212.02 Replaced by 2003--B97
251.02 Replaced by 9005--E02
215.02 Replaced by 218.01 &
2003--B97 254.01 Incorporated into 250.04
216.01 Replaced by 2003--B97 254.04 Incorporated into 251.02
216.01A Replaced by 420.04 255.03 Replaced by 6001--D97
217.01 8 Gear Scoring Design Guide 260.02 Replaced by 6001--D97
for Aerospace Spur and 265.01 Replaced by 6001--D97
Helical Power Gears
271.03 Replaced by 420.04
218.01 Replaced by 2001-- C95 &
908--B89 291.01 Replaced by 420.04
220.02 Replaced by 218.01 295.04 Replaced by 6025--D98
221.02A Replaced by 420.04 297.01 Replaced by 6025-- D98
222.02 Replaced by 2003--B97 298.01 Replaced by 6025-- D98
223.01A Replaced by 420.04 299.01 8 Gear Sound Manual:
223.02 Replaced by 2003--B97 Fundamentals of Sound as
Related to Gears, Sources,
224.01 Incorporated into 240.01 Specifications, and
225.01 Replaced by 226.01 Gear--Noise Control
226.01 Replaced by 908--B89 321.05 Replaced by 6004--F88
230.01 Replaced by 2007--C00 323.01 Replaced by 6005--B89
Obsolete documents should not be used, please use replacements. Most obsolete
and superseded documents are available for puchase. Contact AGMA Headquarters
for price and availability.
March 2004 1 Publications Catalog


330.01 Replaced by 2005--C96 906--A94 Withdrawn
331.01 Replaced by 2008--C01 908--B89 8 Geometry Factors for
341.02 Replaced by 6022--C93 Determining the Pitting
Resistance and Bending
342.02 Replaced by 6035--A02 Strength of Spur, Helical
360.02 Withdrawn and Herringbone Gear
Teeth
370.01 Replaced by 917--B97
910--C90 8 Formats for Fine--Pitch
374.04 Withdrawn Gear Specification Data
390.03 Replaced by 390.03a & 911--A94 8 Design Guidelines for
2000--A88 Aerospace Gearing
390.03a Replaced by 2009-- B01 and 913--A98 8 Method for Specifying the
2011--A98 Geometry of Spur and
411.02 Replaced by 911--A94 Helical Gears
420.04 Replaced by 6010--F97 915--1 --A02 9 Inspection Practices -- Part
421.06 Replaced by 6011--H98 1: Cylindrical Gears --
Tangential Measurements
422.03 Withdrawn
915--3 --A99 9 Inspection Practices -- Gear
423.01 Replaced by 420.04 Blanks, Shaft Center
424.01 Withdrawn Distance and Parallelism
425.01 Replaced by 420.04 917--B97 9 Design Manual for Parallel
Shaft Fine --Pitch Gearing
426.01 Replaced by 6000--B96
918--A93 9 Numerical Examples
427.01 Incorporated into 6011 - H98
Demonstrating the
430.03 Replaced by 420.04 Procedures for Calculating
431.01 Withdrawn Geometry Factors for Spur
and Helical Gears
440.04 Replaced by 6034--A87
920--A01 9 Materials for Plastic Gears
441.04 Replaced by 6035--A02
921 - A97 Replaced by 6006 - A03
442.01 Replaced by 6035--A02
922--A96 9 Load Classification and
460.05 Replaced by 6019--E89 Service Factors for Flexible
461.01 Replaced by 6035--A02 Couplings
480.06 Replaced by 6021--G89 923--A00 9 Metallurgical Specifications
481.01 Replaced by 6021--G89 for Steel Gearing
510.03 Replaced by 9009--D02 925--A03 9 Effect of Lubrication on

Gear Surface Distress
511.02 Replaced by 9002--A86
926--C99 9 Recommended Practice for
512.01 Replaced by 9002--A86 Carburized Aerospace
513.01 Replaced by 9002--A86 Gearing
514.02 Withdrawn 927--A01 9 Load Distribution Factors --
Analytical Methods for
515.02 Replaced by 9000--C90 Cylindrical Gears
516.01 Replaced by 9008--B00 931--A02 10 Calibration of Gear
600.01 Replaced by 904--B89 Measuring Instruments and
Their Application to the
900--G00 8 Style Manual for the
Inspection of Product Gears
Preparation of Standards,
Information Sheets and 933--A03 10 Basic Gear Geometry
Editorial Manuals 1003-- G93 10 Tooth Proportions for
901--A92 8 Procedure for the Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical
Preliminary Design of Gears
Minimum Volume Gears
1006-- A97 10 Tooth Proportions for Plastic
904--C96 8 Metric Usage Gears
Publications Catalog 2 March 2004


1010-- E95 10 Appearance of Gear Teeth -- 2010--A94 12 Measuring Instrument
Terminology of Wear and Calibration -- -- Part I,
Failure Involute Measurement
1012-- F90 10 Gear Nomenclature, 2011--A98 12 Cylindrical Wormgearing
Definitions of Terms with Tolerance and Inspection
Symbols Methods
1102--A03 10 Tolerance Specification for 2015--1 --A01 12 Accuracy Classification
Gear Hobs System -- Tangential
Measurements for
1106--A97 10 Tooth Proportions for Plastic Cylindrical Gears
Gears
Supplement 12 Accuracy Classification
1328--1 10 Cylindrical Gears -- ISO to 2015/ System -- Tangential
System of Accuracy -- Part 915--1 --A02 Measurement Tolerance
1: Definitions and Allowable Tables for Cylindrical Gears
Values of Deviations
Relevant to Corresponding 2101--C95 12 Fundamental Rating Factors
Flanks of Gear Teeth and Calculation Methods for
Involute Spur and Helical
1328--2 11 Cylindrical Gears -- ISO Gear Teeth (Metric)
System of Accuracy -- Part
2: Definitions and Allowable 2110--A94 12 Measuring Instrument
Values of Deviations Calibration -- -- Part I,
Relevant to Radial Involute Measurement
Composite Deviations and (Metric)
Runout Information 2111--A98 12 Cylindrical Wormgearing
Tolerance and Inspection
2000--A88 11 Gear Classification and
Methods (Metric)
Inspection Handbook --
Tolerances and Measuring 2113--A97 12 Measuring Instrument
Methods for Unassembled Calibration, Gear Tooth
Spur and Helical Gears Alignment
(Including Metric
2114--A98 13 Measuring Instrument
Equivalents)
Calibration, Gear Pitch and
2001--C95 11 Fundamental Rating Factors Runout Measurements
and Calculation Methods for 6000--B96 13 Measurement of Linear
Involute Spur and Helical Vibration on Gear Units
Gear Teeth
6001-- D97 13 Design and Selection of
2002--B88 11 Tooth Thickness Components for Enclosed
Specification and Gear Drives
Measurement
6002-- B93 13 Design Guide for Vehicle
2003--B97 11 Rating the Pitting Spur and Helical Gears
Resistance and Bending
Strength of Generated 6004--F88 13 Gear Power Rating for
Straight Bevel, Zerol Bevel, Cylindrical Grinding Mills,
and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth Kilns, Coolers and Dryers
2004--B89 11 Gear Materials and Heat 6005--B89 13 Power Rating for Helical
Treatment Manual and Herringbone Gearing
for Rolling Mill Service
2005--D03 11 Design Manual for Bevel
Gears 6006--A03 13 Standard for Design and
Specification of Gearboxes
2007--C00 11 Surface Temper Etch for Wind Turbines
Inspection After Grinding
6008-- A98 13 Specifications for Powder
2008--C01 11 Assembling Bevel Gears Metallurgy Gears
2009--B01 12 Bevel Gear Classification, 6009-- A00 13 Standard for Gearmotor,
Tolerances, and Measuring Shaft Mounted and Screw
Methods Conveyor Drives


6010-- F97 13 Standard for Spur, Helical, 6133--B98 15 Materials for Marine
Herringbone, and Bevel Propulsion Gearing (Metric)
Enclosed Drives
6135--A02 15 Design, Rating and
6011--I03 14 Specification for High Speed Application of Industrial
Helical Gear Units Globoidal Wormgearing
6017-- E86 Replaced by 6035-- A02 (Metric)
6019-- E89 Replaced by 6009-- A00 9000--C90 15 Flexible Couplings --
6021-- G89 Replaced by 6009-- A00 Potential Unbalance
Classification
6022-- C93 14 Design Manual for
Cylindrical Wormgearing 9001--B97 15 Flexible Couplings --
Lubrication
6023-- A88 14 Design Manual for Enclosed
Epicyclic Gear Drives 9002--A86 15 Bores and Keyways for
Flexible Couplings (Inch
6025-- D98 14 Sound for Enclosed Helical,
Series)
Herringbone and Spiral
Bevel Gear Drives 9003--A91 15 Flexible Couplings --
6030-- C87 Replaced by 6035-- A02 Keyless Fits
6032-- A94 14 Standard for Marine Gear 9004--A99 15 Flexible Couplings -- Mass
Units: Rating Elastic Properties and Other
Characteristics
6033-- B98 14 Materials for Marine
Propulsion Gearing 9005--E02 16 Industrial Gear Lubrication
6034-- B92 14 Practice for Enclosed 9008--B00 16 Flexible Couplings – Gear
Cylindrical Wormgear Type – Flange Dimensions,
Speed Reducers and Inch Series
Gearmotors
9009--D02 16 Flexible Couplings --
6035-- A02 14 Design, Rating and Nomenclature for Flexible
Application of Industrial Couplings
Globoidal Wormgearing
10064-- 1 16 Cylindrical Gears -- Code of
6109-- A00 14 Standard for Gearmotor, Inspection Practice -- Part 1:
Shaft Mounted and Screw Inspection of Corresponding
Conveyor Drives (Metric) Flanks of Gear Teeth
6110-- F97 15 Standard for Spur, Helical, 10064-- 2 16 Cylindrical Gears -- Code of
Herringbone, and Bevel Inspection Practice -- Part 2:
Enclosed Drives (Metric) Inspection Related to Radial
6123-- A88 15 Design Manual for Enclosed Composite Deviations,
Epicyclic Metric Module Runout, Tooth Thickness
Gear Drives and Backlash

Index of AGMA Standards and Information Sheets by Topic

Aerospace ANSI/AGMA 6000-- B96 Specification for
Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. Refer
AGMA 217.01 Information Sheet -- Gear Scoring to page 13.
Design Guide for Aerospace Spur and Helical Power
Gears. Refer to page 8. ANSI/AGMA 6025 --D98 Sound for Enclosed Helical,
Herringbone, and Spiral Bevel Gear Drives. Refer to
AGMA 911--A94 Design Guidelines for Aerospace page 14.
Gearing. Refer to page 8.
Design - Spur and Helical
AGMA 926--C99 Recommended Practice for
Carburized Aerospace Gearing. Refer to page 9. AGMA 901--A92 A Rational Procedure for the
Preliminary Design of Minimum Volume Gears . Refer
Couplings to page 8.
AGMA 922--A96 Load Classification and Service AGMA 913 --A98 Method for Specifying the Geometry
Factors for Flexible Couplings . Refer to page 9. of Spur and Helical Gears . Refer to page 8.
ANSI/AGMA 9000--C90 Flexible Couplings -- Design - W ormgear

Potential Unbalance Classification . Refer to page 15.
ANSI/AGMA 6022--C93 Design of General Industrial
ANSI/AGMA 9001--B97 Flexible Couplings -- Coarse--Pitch Cylindrical Wormgearing. Refertopage
Lubrication. Refer to page 15. 14.
ANSI/AGMA 9002--A86 Bores and Keyways for Drive Components

Flexible Couplings (Inch Series). Refer to page 15.
ANSI/AGMA 6001-- D97 Design and Selection of
ANSI/AGMA 9003--A91 Flexible Couplings -- Keyless Components for Enclosed Gear Drives. Refer to page
Fits. Refer to page 15. 13.
ANSI/AGMA 9004--A99 Flexible Couplings -- Mass Enclosed Drives

Elastic Properties and Other Characteristics. Refer to
ANSI/AGMA 6010--F97 Standard for Spur, Helical,
page 15.
Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives. Refer to
ANSI/AGMA 9008--B00 Flexible Couplings – Gear page 13.
Type – Flange Dimensions, Inch Series. Refer to ANSI/AGMA 6023 --A88 Design Manual for Enclosed
page 16. Epicyclic Gear Drives . Refer to page 14.
ANSI/AGMA 9009--D02 Flexible Couplings -- ANSI/AGMA 6110--F97 Standard for Spur, Helical,
Nomenclature for Flexible Couplings. Refer to Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives (Metric).
page 16. Refer to page 15.
Design and Assembly - Bevel ANSI/AGMA 6123 --A88 Design Manual for Enclosed
Epicyclic Metric Module Gear Drives. Refer to
ANSI/AGMA 2005--D03 Design Manual for Bevel page 15.
Gears. Refer to page 11.
Failure Modes
ANSI/AGMA 2008--C01 Assembling Bevel Gears.
Refer to page 11. ANSI/AGMA 1010--E95 Appearance of Gear Teeth --
Terminology of Wear and Failure. Refer to page 10.
Design - Fine Pitch
Gearmotors and Shaft Mounted Units
AGMA 910--C90 Formats for Fine--Pitch Gear
ANSI/AGMA 6009--A00 Standard for Gearmotor,
Specification Data. Refer to page 8.
Shaft Mounted and Screw Conveyor Drives. Refer to
AGMA 917--B97 Design Manual for Parallel Shaft page 13.
Fine--Pitch Gearing. Refer to page 9. ANSI/AGMA 6109--A00 Standard for Gearmotor,
Shaft Mounted and Screw Conveyor Drives (Metric).
Design - Sound and Vibration Refer to page 14.
AGMA 299.01 Gear Sound Manual: Section I,
High Speed Units
Fundamentals of Sound as Related to Gears Section
II, Sources Specification, and Levels of Gear Sound ANSI/AGMA 6011--I03 Specification for High Speed
Section III, Gear --Noise Control. Refer to page 8. Helical Gear Units. Refer to page 14.

Inspection and Tolerances ANSI/AGMA 2111--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing

Tolerance and Inspection Methods (Metric). Refer to
AGMA 915--1 --A02 Inspection Practices -- Part 1: page 12.
Cylindrical Gears -- Tangential Measurements. Refer
to page 9. ANSI/AGMA 2113--A97 Measuring Instrument
Calibration, Gear Tooth Alignment Measurement.
AGMA 915--3 --A99 Inspection Practices -- Gear Refer to page 12.
Blanks, Shaft Center Distance and Parallelism. Refer ANSI/AGMA 2114--A99 Measuring Instrument
to page 9. Calibration, Gear Pitch and Runout Measurements.
AGMA 931--A02 Calibration of Gear Measuring Refer to page 13.
Instruments and Their Application to the Inspection of AGMA ISO 10064--1 Cylindrical Gears -- Code of
Product Gears. Refer to page 10. Inspection Practice -- Part 1: Inspection of
Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth. Refer to
ANSI/AGMA 1102--A03, Tolerance Specification for page 16.
Gear Hobs. Refer to page 10.
AGMA ISO 10064--2 Cylindrical Gears -- Code of
ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1 Cylindrical Gears -- ISO Inspection Practice -- Part 2: Inspection Related to
System of Accuracy -- Part 1: Definitions and Radial Composite Deviations, Runout, Tooth
Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to Thickness and Backlash . Refer to page 16.
Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth. Refer to
page 10. Lubrication
ANSI/AGMA 9005--E02 Industrial Gear Lubrication.
ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2 Cylindrical Gears -- ISO Refer to page 16.
System of Accuracy -- Part 2: Definitions and
Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to Radial Materials
Composite Deviations and Runout Information. Refer
AGMA 920 --A01 Materials for Plastic Gears. Refer to
to page 11.
page 9.
ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 Gear Classification and AGMA 923--A00 Metallurgical Specifications for Steel
Inspection Handbook -- Tolerances and Measuring Gearing. Refer to page 9.
Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears
(including Metric Equivalents). Refer to page 11. ANSI/AGMA 2004--B89 Gear Materials and Heat
Treatment Manual. Refer to page 11.
ANSI/AGMA 2002-- B88 Tooth Thickness ANSI/AGMA 6033--B98 Materials for Marine
Specification and Measurement. Refer to page 11. Propulsion Gearing. Refer to page 14.
ANSI/AGMA 2007--C00 Surface Temper Etch ANSI/AGMA 6133--B98 Materials for Marine
Inspection After Grinding. Refer to page 11. Propulsion Gearing (Metric). Refer to page 15.
ANSI/AGMA 2009--B01 Bevel Gear Classification, Metric Usage

Tolerances, and Measuring Methods. Refer to page
AGMA 904 --C96 Metric Usage. Refer to page 8.
12.
Mill Gears
ANSI/AGMA 2010--A94 Measuring Machine
Calibration -- Part I, Involute Measurement . Refer to ANSI/AGMA 6004--F88 Gear Power Rating for
page 12. Cylindrical Grinding Mills, Kilns, Coolers and Dryers.
Refer to page 13.
ANSI/AGMA 2011--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing
ANSI/AGMA 6005 --B89 Power Rating for Helical and
Tolerance and Inspection Methods . Refer to page 12.
Herringbone Gearing for Rolling Mill Service. Refer to
ANSI/AGMA 2015--1 --A01 Accuracy Classification page 13.
System -- Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical
Nomenclature
AGMA 933--A03 Basic Gear Geometry. Refer to
Supplemental Tables for AGMA 2015/915 --1 --A02 page 10.
Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential
Measurement Tolerance Tables for Cylindrical Gears . ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90 Gear Nomenclature,
Refer to page 12. Definitions of Terms with Symbols. Refer to page 10.
Plastics Gears
ANSI/AGMA 2110--A94 Measuring Instrument
Calibration -- Part I, Involute Measurement (Metric). AGMA 920 --A01 Materials for Plastic Gears. Refer to
Refer to page 12. page 9.

ANSI/AGMA 1006--A97 Tooth Proportions for Plastic ANSI/AGMA 2003--B97 Rating the Pitting Resistance
Gears. Refer to page 10. and Bending Strength of Generated Straight Bevel,
ZEROL Bevel, and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth. Refer to
ANSI/AGMA 1106 --A97 Tooth Proportions for Plastic
page 11.
ANSI/AGMA 2101 --C95 Fundamental Rating Factors
Powder Metallurgy Gears and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical
ANSI/AGMA 6008--A98 Specifications for Powder Gear Teeth. Refer to page 12.
Metallurgy Gears. Refer to page 13.
ANSI/AGMA 6032--A94 Standard for Marine Gear
Pr oportions Units: Rating. Refer to page 14.
ANSI/AGMA 1003--G93 Tooth Proportions for Style Manual

Fine--Pitch Spur and Helical Gears. Refer to page 10.
AGMA 900 --G00 Style Manual for the Preparation of
ANSI/AGMA 1006--A97 Tooth Proportions for Plastic Standards and Editorial Manuals . Refer to page 8.
ANSI/AGMA 1106 --A97 Tooth Proportions for Plastic Vehicle
Gears (Metric Edition). Refer to page 10.
ANSI/AGMA 6002--B93 Design Guide for Vehicle
Rating: Spur, Helical and Bevel Gears Spur and Helical Gears. Refer to page 13.
AGMA 908--B89 Information Sheet--Geometry Wind Turbine Units

Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and
Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006--A03 Standard for Design
Gear Teeth. Refer to page 8. and Specification of Gearboxes for Wind Turbines.
Refer to page 13.
AGMA 918--A93 A Summary of Numerical Examples
Demonstrating the Procedures for Calculating
W ormgears
Geometry Factorsfor Spur and Helical Gears. Refer to
page 9. ANSI/AGMA 6034--B92 Practice for Enclosed
AGMA 925--A03 Effect of Lubrication on Gear Surface Cylindrical Wormgear Speed Reducers and
Distress. Refer to page 9. Gearmotors. Refer to page 15.
AGMA 927--A01 Load Distribution Factors -- ANSI/AGMA 6035--A02 Design, Rating and
Analytical Methods for Cylindrical Gears. Refer to Application of Industrial Globoidal Wormgearing.
page 9. Refer to page 15.
ANSI/AGMA 2001--C95 Fundamental Rating Factors ANSI/AGMA 6135--A02 Design, Rating and
and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Application of Industrial Globoidal Wormgearing
Gear Teeth. Refer to page 11. (Metric). Refer to page 16.

To search this document, CTRL “F”
AGMA Standards and Information Sheets

Many standards require additional documents for their proper use. A list of these standards are normally
supplied after the scope, in the normative references section of a document. Be sure to inquire whether the
standard you need requires other documents listed herewith.
AGMA 217.01 (R1999) Information Sheet - Gear AGMA 908--B89 (R1999) Information Sheet -
Scoring Design Guide for Aerospace Spur and Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting
Helical Power Gears Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical
Covers all aerospace spur and helical power gears and Herringbone Gear Teeth
lubricated with MIL--L--7808 and MIL--0--50--81, Gives the equations for calculating the pitting
Grade 1005 oils and presents an improved flash resistance geometry factor, I, forexternal and internal
temperature index formula and a recommended spur and helical gears, and the bending strength
operating index range. Guides designers in geometry factor, J, for external spur and helical gears
determining the scoringresistance of spur and helical that are generated by rack--type tools (hobs, rack
gear sets intended for use in aerospace applications. cutters or generating grinding wheels) or pinion--type
ISBN: 1--55589--020--2 Pages: 22 tools (shaper cutters). Includes charts which provide
geometry factors, I and J, for a range of typical gear
sets and tooth forms.
AGMA 299.01 (R1999) Gear Sound Manual: ISBN: 1--55589--525--5 Pages: 78
Section I, Fundamentals of Sound as Related to
Gears; Section II, Sources, Specifications, and
Levels of Gear Sound; Section III, Gear- Noise
AGMA 910 --C90 (R2003) Formats for Fine- Pitch
Control
Gear Specification Data
Discusses how noise measurement and control
Consists of a seriesof printedformsfor geardrawings
depend upon the individual characteristics of the
that contain the appropriate data the gear designer
prime mover, gear unit, anddrivenmachine ---- as well
must tabulate for the gear manufacturer. Includes a
as their combined effects in a particular acoustical
series of definitions of the various tabulated items.
environment. Indicates certain areas that might
Appendix contains blank, pre --printed forms that can
require special consideration.
easily be copied for the user’s drawings.
ISBN: 1--55589--528--4 Pages: 56
ISBN: 1--55589--571--9 Pages: 29
AGMA 900 --G00 Style Manual for the Preparation

of Standards, Information Sheets and Editorial AGMA 911--A94 (R2000) Guidelines for Aerospace
Manuals Gearing
Presents the requirements for preparing AGMA Covers current gear design practices as they are
standards, editorial manuals, and other technical applied to air vehicles and spacecraft. Goes beyond
literature. A new annex ”ISO symbols used in metric the design of gear meshes. Presents the broad
documents”, has been added, which includes a spectrum of factors which combine to produce a
comprehensive listing of the symbols used in ISO working gear system, whether it be a power
gear rating standards. Revision of AGMA 900-- F96. transmission or special purpose mechanism. Covers
ISBN: 1--55589--775--4 Pages: 38 only spur, helical and bevel gears. (Does not cover
wormgears, face gears, and various proprietary tooth
forms). Replaces AGMA 411.02.
AGMA 901--A92 (R1997) A Rational Procedure for ISBN: 1--55589--629--4 Pages: 97
the Preliminary Design of Minimum Volume Gears
Presents a simple, closed--form procedure as a first
step in the minimum volume spur and helical gearset
design. Includes methods for selecting geometry and AGMA 913--A98 Method for Specifying the
dimensions, considering maximum pitting resistance, Geometry of Spur and Helical Gears
bending strength, and scuffing resistance, and Provides information to translate tooth thickness
methods for selecting profile shift. specifications which are expressed in terms of tooth
ISBN: 1--55589--579--4 Pages: 37 thickness,center distance or diameter into profile shift
coefficients. It describes the effect that profile shift
has on the geometry and performance of gears.
AGMA 904--C96 Metric Usage Annexes are provided which contain practical
Serves as a guide in preparing AGMA metric examples on the calculation of tool proportions and
standards. profile shift.
ISBN: 1--55589--681--2 Pages: 20 ISBN: 1--55589--714--2 Pages: 25

AGMA 915--1--A02 Inspection Practices - Part 1: AGMA 922--A96 Load Classification and Service
Cylindrical Gears - Tangential Measurements Factors for Flexible Couplings
Provides a code of practice dealing with inspection This Information Sheet provides load classifications
relevant to tangential element and composite andrelated service factorsthatare frequentlyusedfor
deviations of cylindrical involute gears various flexible coupling applications. Typical
(measurements referred to single flank contact). applications using smooth prime movers and special
Supplement to ANSI/AGMA 2015 --1 --A01. considerations involving unusual or more severe
ISBN: 1--55589--798--3 Pages: 39 loading are discussed. Update of AGMA 514.02.
ISBN: 1--55589--680--4 Pages: 6
AGMA 923--A00 Metallurgical Specifications of

AGMA 915--3 --A99 Inspection Practices - Gear Steel Gearing
Blanks, Shaft Center Distance and Parallelism This document identifiesgear material characteristics
Provides recommended numerical values relating to which are important to performance. AGMA
the inspection of gear blanks, shaft center distance standards for gear load capacity calculations require
and parallelism of shaft axes. Discussions include allowable stress numbers related to material grade,
such topics as methods for defining datum axes on which are based on type andheat treatment. Foreach
components; the use of center holes and mounting heat treatment method and AGMA grade number,
surfaces during manufacturing and inspection; and, acceptance criteria are given for various material
recommended values of in --plane and out --of--plane characteristics identified in this document.
deviations of shaftparallelism. Modified adoption of ISBN: 1--55589--777--0 Pages: 31
ISO/TR 10064--3:1996.
ISBN: 1--55589--738--X Pages: 9 !! NEW !!
AGMA 925--A03 Effect of Lubrication on Gear

Surface Distress
AGMA 917--B97 (R2003) Design Manual for Parallel This document provides currently available
Shaft Fine- P i tch Gearing information pertaining to oil lubrication of industrial
Provides guidance for the design of spur and helical gears for power transmission applications. It is
gearing of 20 through 120 diametral pitch including intended toserveas a generalguidelineand sourceof
internal and rack forms. Manual contains such information about gear oils, their properties, and their
specialized subjects as inspection, lubrication, gear tribological behavior in gear contacts. Equations
load calculation methods, materials, including a wide provided allow the calculation of specific film
variety of plastics. Replaces AGMA 370.01. thickness and instantaneous contact (flash)
ISBN: 1--55589--694--4 Pages: 84
temperature for gears in service, and to help assess
the potential risk of surface distress (scuffing,
micropitting and macropitting, and scoring) involved
with a given lubricant choice.
AGMA 918--A93 (R1998) A Summary of Numerical ISBN: 1--55589--815--7 Pages: 51
Examples Demonstrating the Procedures for
Calculating Geometry Factors for Spur and Helical AGMA 926--C99 Recommended Practice for
Gears Carburized Aerospace Gearing
Provides numerical examples for calculating the Establishes recommended practices for material
pitting resistance geometry factor, I, and bending case and core properties, microstructure and
strength geometry factor, J, for typical gearsets that processing procedures for carburized AISI 9310
are generated by rack-- type tools (hobs, rack cutters aerospacegears. This document isnot intended tobe
or generating grinding wheels) or pinion--type tools a practice for any gears other than those applied to
(disk--type shaper cutters). aerospace. Replaces AGMA 246.02a.
AGMA 927--A01 Load Distribution Factors -

Analytical Methods for Cylindrical Gears
AGMA 920--A01 Materials for Plastic Gears Describes an analytical procedure for the calculation
This document serves to aid the gear designer in of face load distribution factor. The iterative solution
understanding the unique physical, mechanical and that is described is compatible with the definitions of
thermal behavior of plastic materials. Topics covered thetermfaceload distributionof AGMA standardsand
include general plastic material behavior, gear longitudinal load distribution of the ISO standards.
operating conditions, plastic gear manufacturing, The procedure is easily programmable and flow
tests for gear related material properties, and typical chartsof the calculation scheme, as well as examples
plastic gear materials. from typical software are presented.
March2004 9 Publications Catalog

AGMA 931--A02 Calibration of Gear Measuring ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90 Gear Nomenclature,

Instruments and Their Application to the Definitions of Terms with Symbols
Inspection of Product Gears Provides the agreed upon definitions and usage for
Provides guidelines for the alignment of such terms, symbols and abbreviations used by the gear
instrument elements as centers, ways and probe industry, as well as terms commonly used in gear load
systems. The instrument accuracy requirements rating.
needed to meet the accuracy of product gears is ISBN: 1--55589--551--4 Pages: 64
discussed. It also covers the application of gear
artifacts to determine instrument accuracy. This
involved thecalculation of U95 uncertainty at allsteps
!! NEW !!
from the artifact to the final product gears. This
document serves to supplement current calibration
standards ANSI/AGMA 2110--A94, ANSI/AGMA
2113--A97, and ANSI/AGMA 2114--A98 ANSI/AGMA 1102--A03, Tolerance Specification
ISBN: 1--55589--799--1 Pages: 29
for Gear Hobs
Provides specifications for nomenclature,
dimensions, equation based tolerances, and
!! NEW !!
inspection practices for gear hobs. Defines a
classification system for accuracy grades D through
AAA, in order of increasing precision. The standard
AGMA 933--B03 Basic Gear Geometry describes hob identification practices, manufacturing
This information sheet illustrates important and purchasing considerations, and hob design
geometrical relationships which provide a sound parameters. An informative annex is included which
basis for a thoroughly logical and comprehensive providesthe readerwith a basicunderstanding of how
system of gear geometry. Replaces AGMA 115.01. thedifferent elements of a hobcan affectthe accuracy
ISBN: 1--55589--814--9 Pages: 18
of the gear being machined. Revision of AGMA
120.01.
ISBN: 1--55589--816--5 Pages: 49
ANSI/AGMA 1003--G93 (R1999) Tooth Proportions
for Fine- Pitch Spur and Helical Gears
Includes spur and helical gearing of 20 through 120
diametral pitch with tooth proportions of 20 degree ANSI/AGMA 1106--A97 (R2003) Tooth Proportions
pressure angle and having 7 or more teeth. Tooth for Plastic Gears
proportions shown may also be suitable for gear Presents a new basic rack, AGMA PT, which, with its
designs of finer than 120 diametral pitch. full round fillet, maybe preferred in many applications
ISBN: 1--55589--015--6 Pages: 24 of gears made from plastic materials. It contains a
description, with equations and sample calculations,
of how the proportions ofa spuror helical gear may be
ANSI/AGMA 1006--A97 (R2003) Tooth Proportions derived from the design tooth thicknessand the basic
for Plastic Gears rack data. In several annexes, there are discussions
Presents a new basic rack, AGMA PT, which, with its of possible variations from the basic rack and also a
full round fillet, maybe preferred in many applications procedure for defining toothproportions without using
of gears made from plastic materials. It contains a the basic rack concept. Metric edition of
description, with equations and sample calculations, ANSI/AGMA 1006--A97.
ofhow the proportionsof a spuror helicalgearmaybe ISBN: 1--55589--685--5 Pages: 47
derived fromthe design tooth thickness and the basic
rack data. In several annexes, there are discussions
of possible variations from the basic rack and also a
procedure for defining toothproportions without using ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1 Cylindrical Gears - ISO
the basic rack concept. System of Accuracy - Part 1: Definitions and
ISBN: 1--55589--684--7 Pages: 47 Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to
Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth
Contains the ISO system of accuracy relevant to
ANSI/AGMA 1010--E95 (R2000) Appearance of corresponding flanks of individual cylindrical gears. It
Gear Teeth - Terminology of Wear and Failure provides definitionsfor gear toothaccuracyterms, the
This standard provides nomenclature for general structure of the gear accuracy system and the
modes of gear tooth wear and failure. It classifies, allowable values of pitch, profile and helix deviations.
identifies and describes the most common types of A normative annex for tangential composite
failure and provides information which will, in many tolerances and an informative annex for allowable
cases, enable the user to identify failure modes and values of profile form, profile slope, helix form and
evaluate the degree or progression of wear. helix slope deviations are provided. Identical
Replaces ANSI/AGMA 110.04. adoption of ISO 1328--1:1995.

ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2 Cylindrical Gears - ISO calculation method. Revision of ANSI/AGMA
System of Accuracy - Part 2: Definitions and 2003 --A86.
Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to Radial ISBN: 1--55589--692--8 Pages: 75
Composite Deviations and Runout Information
Contains the ISO system of accuracy relevant to
ANSI/AGMA 2004--B89 (R2000) Gear Materials and
radial (double flank) composite deviations of
individual cylindrical gears. It provides definitions for Heat Treatment Manual
gear tooth accuracy terms, the structure of the gear Provides information pertaining to engineering
accuracy system and the allowable values of radial materials and material treatment used in gear
composite deviations. An informative annex is manufacture. Includes definitions, selection
included that provides equations for determining guidelines, heat treatment, quality control, life
allowable values of runout. Identical adoption of considerations and a bibliography. Material selection
ISO 1328--2:1997. includes ferrous, nonferrous and nonmetallic
ISBN: 1--55589--734--7 Pages: 11 materials. Examines wrought, cast, and fabricated
gear blanks. Includes heat treatment sections on
through hardened, flame hardened, induction
hardened, carburized, carbonitrided, and nitrided
ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 Gear Classification and gears. Discusses quenching, distortion and shot
Inspection Handbook - Tolerances and Measuring peening. Also discusses quality control as related to
Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears gearblanks,process control,and metallurgical testing
(Including Metric Equivalents) on the final products.
Correlates gear quality levels with gear tooth ISBN: 1--55589--524--7 Pages: 78
tolerances. Provides information on manufacturing
procedures, master gears, measuring methods and
practices. Appendix material provides guidance on !! NEW !!
specifying levels and information on additional
methods of gear inspection. Partial replacement of
AGMA 390.03. ANSI/AGMA 2005--D03 Design Manual for Bevel
ISBN: 1--55589--495--X Pages: 156 Gears
Provides the standards for designing straight bevel,
zerol bevel, spiral bevel and hypoid gears along with
information on fabrication, inspection and mounting.
ANSI/AGMA 2001--C95 Fundamental Rating Covers preliminary gear design parameters, blank
Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur design including standard taper, uniform depth,
and Helical Gear Teeth duplex taper and tilted root. Also includes drawing
Presents a comprehensive method for rating the format, inspection, materials, lubrication, mountings
pitting resistance and bending strength of spur and and assembly. An Annex contains examples for ease
helical involute gear pairs. Includes detailed of understanding. Revision of ANSI/AGMA
discussions of factors influencing gear survival and 2005 --C96.
calculation methods. Revision of ANSI/AGMA ISBN: 1--55589--667--7 Pages: 94
2001 --B88.
ISBN: 1--55589--647--2 Pages: 70
ANSI/AGMA 2007--C00 Surface Temper Etch
Inspection After Grinding [Same as New ISO
14104]
ANSI/AGMA 2002--B88 (R1996) Tooth Thickness Explains the materials and procedures to determine
Specification and Measurement and evaluate localized overheating on ground
Presents procedures for determining tooth thickness surfaces. Includes a system to describe and classify
measurements of external and internal cylindrical the indications produced during this inspection.
involute gearing. Includes equations and calculation However, does not provide specific acceptance or
procedures for commonly used measuring methods. rejection criteria. Revision of ANSI/AGMA
ISBN: 1--55589--503--4 Pages: 47 2007 --B92.
ISBN: 1--55589--761--4 Pages: 6
ANSI/AGMA 2003--B97 (R2003) Rating the Pitting ANSI/AGMA 2008 --C01 Assembling Bevel Gears
Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated Prepared expressly for the assembly man in the
Straight Bevel, Zerol Bevel, and Spiral Bevel Gear factory and the service man in the field. Each
Teeth definition, explanation, and instruction is directed
Presentsa methodfor ratingthe pitting resistance and toward the physical appearance of the gears as they
bending strength of generated straight bevel, zerol are inspected and assembled by these personnel.
bevel, and spiral bevel gearteeth. Includes a detailed Supersedes ANSI/AGMA 2008--B90.
discussion of factors influencing gear survival and a ISBN: 1--55589--795--9 Pages: 30

ANSI/AGMA 2009--B01 Bevel Gear Classification, !! NEW !!

Tolerances, and Measuring Methods
Establishes a classification system which may be
Supplemental Tables for AGMA 2015/915--1 --A02
used to communicate geometrical accuracy
Accuracy Classification System - Tangential
specifications of unassembled bevel gearing. It also
Measurement Tolerance Tables for Cylindrical
provides information on measuring methods and
Gears
practices to promote uniform measurement
Provides tolerance tables as a supplement to AGMA
procedures. Eight accuracy grades are defined,
2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System --
numbered B3 through B10, in order of DECREASING Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears.
precision. Equations for the tolerances are provided ISBN: 1--55589--813--0 Pages: 101
in metric terms. Supersedes ANSI/AGMA
2009 --A98.
ANSI/AGMA 2101--C95 Fundamental Rating
ISBN: 1--55589--794--0 Pages: 68
Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur
and Helical Gear Teeth
Presents a comprehensive metric method for rating
the pitting resistance and bending strength of spur
ANSI/AGMA 2010-- A94 (R2000) Measuring and helical involute gear pairs. Includes detailed
Instrument Calibration - - Part I, Involute discussions of factors influencing gear survival and
calculation methods. Metric edition of ANSI/AGMA
Measurement
2001 --C95.
Applies solely to the qualification of gear tooth profile ISBN: 1--55589--648--0 Pages: 70
inspection instruments. Provides procedures for the
design, calibrationand traceabilityof involute, pin and
plane (flank) masters. Also covers condition ANSI/AGMA 2110-- A94 (R2000) Measuring
Instrument Calibration - - Part I, Involute
evaluationof involute measuringinstruments, suchas
Measurement (Metric)
probe location, gain, hysteresis, etc.
ISBN: 1--55589--630--8 Pages: 39
Applies solely to the qualification of gear tooth profile
inspection instruments. Provides procedures for the
design, calibration, and traceability of involute, pin,
and plane (flank) masters. Also covers condition
evaluation of involute measuringinstruments such as
ANSI/AGMA 2011--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing probe location, gain, hysteresis, etc. Metric edition
Tolerance and Inspection Methods of ANSI/AGMA 2010--A94.
ISBN: 1--55589--631--6 Pages: 39
Establishes a classification system for the
geometricalaccuracyspecification of wormgearing. It
also provides uniform measurement procedures ANSI/AGMA 2111--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing
including discussions on single and double flank Tolerance and Inspection Methods
composite testing and tooth thickness Establishes a classification system for the
geometricalaccuracyspecificationof wormgearing. It
measurements. The standard establishes ten
also provides uniform measurement procedures
accuracy grades, W3 through W12, based on the
including discussions on single and double flank
relative effect of geometrical errors on conjugate composite testing and tooth thickness
action for wormgear sets. measurements. The standard establishes ten
ISBN: 1--55589--716--9 Pages: 43 accuracy grades, W3 through W12, based on the
relative effect of geometrical errors on conjugate
action for wormgear sets. Metric edition of
ANSI/AGMA 2011--A98.
ISBN: 1--55589--717--7 Pages: 43
ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01 Accuracy Classification
System - Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical
Gears ANSI/AGMA 2113--A97 Measuring Instrument
Calibration, Gea r Tooth Alignment Measurement
This standard, forspur and helical gearing, correlates
Provides procedures for the design, calibration and
gear accuracy grades with gear tooth tolerances. It
traceability of involute, pin and plane (flank) masters.
provides information on minimum requirements for
It covers the condition evaluation of involute
accuracy groups as well as gear measuringpractices. measuring instruments such as probe location, gain,
Annex material provides guidance on filtering and hysteresis, etc. Recommendations are included for
information on comparison of gear inspection establishment of a proper environment and for
methods. Users of this standard should have a copy statistical data evaluation procedures. This standard
of the companion information sheet, AGMA is applicable solely to the qualification of gear tooth
915--1--A02. Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88. profile inspection instruments.

ANSI/AGMA 2114--A98 Measuring Instrument !! NEW !!

Calibration, Gear Pitch and Runout Measurements
Provides qualification procedures for gear measuring
instruments that are used for evaluation of pitch and ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006--A03, Standard for
runoutmeasurements. Thisincludes instrumentsthat
Design and Specification of Gearboxes for Wind
measure runout directly, or compute it from index
Turbines
measurements. It also covers condition evaluation of
This standard is intended to apply to wind turbine
the measuring instrument. Recommendations are
gearboxes. It provides information for specifying,
included for establishment of a proper environment
selecting, designing, manufacturing, procuring
and for statistical data evaluation procedures.
ISBN: 1--55589--732--0 Pages: 33 operating and manufacturing reliable speed
increasing gearboxes for wind turbine generator
system service.
ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 (R2002) Specification for Annex information is supplied on: wind turbine
Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units architecture, wind turbine load description, quality
Presents a method formeasuring linear vibration on a assurance, operation and maintenance, minimum
gear unit. Recommends instrumentation, measuring purchaser gearbox manufacturing ordering data,
methods, test procedures and discrete frequency lubrication selection and monitoring, determination of
vibration limits for acceptance testing. Annexes list an application factor from a load spectrum using
system effects on gear unit vibration and system equivalent torque, and bearing stress calculations.
responsibility. The ISO vibration rating curves from Replaces AGMA 921--A97.
ISO 8579--2, Acceptance code for gears -- Part 2: ISBN: 1--55589--817--3 Pages: 94
Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units
during acceptance testing are introduced.
ISBN: 1--55589--666--9 Pages: 21 ANSI/AGMA 6008--A98 Specifications for Powder
Metallurgy Gears
Defines the minimum detailed information to be
ANSI/AGMA 6001--D97 (R2003) Design and included in the powder metallurgy gear specifications
Selection of Components for Enclosed Gear submitted by the gear purchaserto the gear producer.
Drives Specifications on gear tooth geometry are described
Outlines the basic practices for the design and in detail for external spur and helical gears and for
selection of components (other than gearing) which straight bevel gears. In addition, there are
are used in commercial and industrial enclosed gear discussions on specifications for gear drawings and
drives. Discusses bearings, bolting, keys and the gear material data. The standard applies to gears
most recent theories on shafting among other made by the conventional P/M process consisting of
components. Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6001--C88. compaction followed by sintering and,in some cases,
ISBN: 1--55589--683--9 Pages: 41 by post sintering treatments.
ISBN: 1--55589--713--4 Pages: 17
ANSI/AGMA 6002--B93 (R2001) Design Guide for

Vehicle Spur and Helical Gears ANSI/AGMA 6009--A00 Standard for Gearmotor,
A guide to the design, fabrication, and inspection of Shaft Mounted and Screw Conveyor Drives
spur and helical gears for vehicles and for power Defines a rating and selection practice for the entitled
transmission on vehicles. gear units. It provides information on pitting
ISBN: 1--55589--616--2 Pages: 38 resistance and bending strength rating, lubrication,
component ratings, thermal ratings, storage and
installation. Annex material includes application
ANSI/AGMA 6004--F88 (R1996) Gear Power Rating classification and class numbers, detail rating
for Cylindrical Grinding Mills, Kilns, Coolers and examples, and recommended bore sizes for shaft
Dryers mounted units. Supersedes ANSI/AGMA 6019--E89
Covers open and semi--enclosed gear drives. Does and ANSI/AGMA 6021--G89.
not include enclosed speed reducers or gearmotors. ISBN: 1--55589--759--2 Pages: 61
ISBN: 1--55589--499--2 Pages: 27
ANSI/AGMA 6010--F97 (R2003) Standard for Spur,

ANSI/AGMA 6005--B89 (R1996) Power Rating for Helical, Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives
Helical and Herringbone Gearing for Rolling Mill Presentsa methodfor ratingthe pitting resistance and
Service bending strength of spur, helical, herringbone and
Specifies a method for rating the pitting resistance bevel gears used for enclosed speed reducers and
and bending strength of herringbone, double helical increasers. Includes information on unit rating,
and helical involute gear pairs as applied to metal lubrication, components, thermal rating, storage and
rolling mills. installation. Replaces ANSI/AGMA 6010--E88.

!! NEW !! lubricating oil systems, shafts and certain aspects of

vibration.
ISBN: 1--55589--633--2 Pages: 57
ANSI/AGMA 6011--I03 Specification for High
Speed Helical Gear Units ANSI/AGMA 6033--B98 Materials for Marine
This standard includes information on design, Propulsion Gearing
lubrication, bearings, testing and rating for single and Identifies commonly used alloy steels, heat
double helical external tooth, parallel shaft speed treatments and material inspection requirements for
reducers and increasers. Unitscovered include those main propulsion marine service through hardened,
operating with at least one stage having a pitch line case hardened andsurfacehardenedgearing forover
velocity equal to or greater than 35 metersper second 1500 horsepower. Forged and hot rolled alloy steel
or rotational speeds greater than 4500 rpm and other bar stock are specified to three metallurgical quality
stages having pitch line velocities equal to or greater grades (I, II and III) according to cleanliness and test
than 8 meters per second. Annex material includes requirements. Cast steel gearing is specified to a
discussions on service factors, rotor dynamics, single metallurgical quality level. Mechanical,
efficiency and newly configured purchaser’s data metallurgical and nondestructive test requirements
sheets. Supercedes ANSI/AGMA 6011--H98. are provided for various heat treat processes and
ISBN: 1--55589--819--X Pages: 51 metallurgical quality grades of gearing. Replaces
ANSI/AGMA 6033--A88.
ISBN: 1--55589--711--8 Pages: 48
ANSI/AGMA 6022--C93 (R2000) Design Manual for
Cylindrical Wormgearing ANSI/AGMA 6034--B92 (R1999) Practice for
Covers the design of general industrial coarse--pitch Enclosed Cylindrical Wormgear Speed Reducers
cylindrical worms and throated gears mounted with and Gearmotors
axes at a 90 degree angleand having axial pitches of Coversthe designand ratingof cylindrical-- wormgear
3/16 inch and larger. speed reducers, having either solid or hollow output
ISBN: 1--55589--041--5 Pages: 10 shafts of the following specific types: singlereduction;
double reduction incorporating cylindrical
wormgearing for each reduction; and double
ANSI/AGMA 6023--A88 (R2000) Design Manual for reduction incorporating cylindrical wormgearing as
Enclosed Epicyclic Gear Drives final and helical gearing as initial reduction.
Covers designs for drives employing epicyclic gear ISBN: 1--55589--494--1 Pages: 37
arrangements. Includes descriptions of epicyclic
drives, nomenclature, application information, and
ANSI/AGMA 6035--A02 Design, Rating and
design guidelines with reference to other AGMA
Application of Industrial Globoidal Wormgearing
Standards. See ANSI/AGMA 6123--A88.
ISBN: 1--55589--504--2 Pages: 50
This standard provides guidelines for the design,
rating and application of globoidal wormgearing
mounted at a 90 degree angle. Specific definitions for
ANSI/AGMA 6025--D98 Sound for Enclosed globoidal wormgearing terms are presented, along
Helical, Herringbone and Spiral Bevel Gear Drives with formulas for determining the geometric sizes of
Describes a recommended method of acceptance the major features for the worm and gear. Design
testing and reporting of the sound pressure levels considerations, design procedures, gear blanks and
generated by a gearspeedreducer or increaserwhen self--locking conditions are also discussed.
tested at the manufacturer’s facility. The results Procedures for rating the load capacity of globoidal
obtained through the use of this standard should wormgearing are included. Replaces ANSI/AGMA
represent only the sound of the gear unit, as other 6017--E86 and ANSI/AGMA 6030--C87.
system influences, such as prime mover or driven ISBN: 1--55589--792--4 Pages: 45
equipment are minimized. Annexes to the standard
present sound power measurement methods for use ANSI/AGMA 6109--A00 Standard for Gearmotor,
when required by specific contract provisions Shaft Mounted and Screw Conveyor Drives
between the manufacturer and purchaser. Replaces Defines a rating and selection practice for the entitled
ANSI/AGMA 6025--C90. gear units. It provides information on pitting
ISBN: 1--55589--718--5 Pages: 21 resistance and bending strength rating, lubrication,
component ratings, thermal ratings, storage and
installation. Annex material includes application
ANSI/AGMA 6032--A94 (R2000) Standard for classification and class numbers, detail rating
Marine Gear Units: Rating examples, and recommended bore sizes for shaft
Considers rating practices for marine main mounted units. Metric version of ANSI/AGMA
propulsion, power take--off and auxiliary propulsion 6009--A00. Supersedes ANSI/AGMA 6019--E89
service. Allowable contact stress numbers and and ANSI/AGMA
allowable bending stress numbers for materials are 6021 --G89.
included. Also addresses bearings, clutches, ISBN: 1--55589--760--6 Pages: 61

ANSI/AGMA 6110--F97 (R2003) Standard for Spur, ANSI/AGMA 9000--C90 (R2001) Flexible Couplings
Helical, Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives - Potential Unbalance Classification
Presentsa methodfor ratingthe pitting resistance and Offers standard criteria for the unbalance
bending strength of spur, helical, herringbone and classification of flexible couplings. Considers the
bevel gears used for enclosed speed reducers and effects of hardware and eccentricity to give a more
increasers. Includes information on unit rating, accurate value. Presents revised examples in the
lubrication, components, thermal rating, storage and appendices that illustrate the calculation methods.
installation. Metric version of ANSI/AGMA Revision of AGMA 515.02.
6010 --F97. ISBN: 1--55589--549--2 Pages: 41
ISBN: 1--55589--691--X Pages: 56
ANSI/AGMA 9001--B97 (R2003) Flexible Couplings

ANSI/AGMA 6123--A88 (R2000) Design Manual for
- Lubrication
Enclosed Epicyclic Metric Module Gear Drives
Examines proper lubrication andwhy it is an essential
Provides guidelines for designing drives employing
element for satisfactory performance and long life.
epicyclicgear arrangements. Includes descriptionsof
Looks at the requisites for proper lubrication,
epicyclic drives, nomenclature, application
including: selection of proper lubricant, a
information and design guidelines, with reference to
well--designed lubrication system, and an adequate
otherAGMA Standards.See ANSI/AGMA 6023--A88. maintenanceprogram,are discussedin thisstandard.
ISBN: 1--55589--505--0 Pages: 50
Revision of ANSI/AGMA 9001--A86.
ISBN: 1--55589--686--3 Pages: 6
ANSI/AGMA 6133--B98 Materials for Marine
Propulsion Gearing
Identifies commonly used alloy steels, heat ANSI/AGMA 9002--A86 (R2001) Bores and
treatments and material inspection requirements for Keyways for Flexible Couplings (Inch Series)
main propulsion marine service through hardened, Provides designers and users standard dimensions
case hardened andsurface hardened gearingforover and tolerances for inch bores, keys and keyways for
1500 horsepower. Forged and hot rolled alloy steel flexible couplings. Includes dimensions that
bar stock are specified to three metallurgical quality represent the dimensions and tolerances used within
grades (I, II and III) according to cleanliness and test the industry for pre --engineered couplings, but that
requirements. Cast steel gearing is specified to a can also be used for custom engineered coupling
single metallurgical quality level. Mechanical, products.
metallurgical and nondestructive test requirements ISBN: 1--55589--175--6 Pages: 24
are provided for various heat treat processes and
metallurgical quality grades of gearing. Metric
edition of ANSI/AGMA 6033--B98.
ANSI/AGMA 9003--A91 (R1999) Flexible Couplings
ISBN: 1--55589--712--6 Pages: 48 - Keyless Fits
Presents information on design, dimensions,
tolerances, inspection, mounting, removal and
ANSI/AGMA 6135--A02 Design, Rating and equipmentthat isin commonuse with keyless tapered
Application of Industrial Globoidal Wormgearing and keyless straight (cylindrical) bore hubs for flexible
(Metric Version) couplings.
This standard provides guidelines for the design, ISBN: 1--55589--572--7 Pages: 21
rating and application of globoidal wormgearing
mounted at a 90 degree angle. Specific definitions for
globoidal wormgearing terms are presented, along ANSI/AGMA 9004 --A99 Flexible Couplings - Mass
with formulas for determining the geometric sizes of Elastic Properties and Other Characteristics
the major features for the worm and gear. Design Provides information and calculation methods to
considerations, design procedures, gear blanks and system designers for the selection of system
self-- locking conditions are also discussed. components and natural frequency calculations.
Procedures for rating the load capacity of globoidal Mass elastic properties discussed include coupling
wormgearing are included. Replaces ANSI/AGMA weight, WR2, center of gravity, axial stiffness, axial
6017--E86 and ANSI/AGMA 6030--C87. Metric natural frequency, lateral stiffness, lateral natural
edition of ANSI/AGMA 6035--E02. frequency and torsional stiffness.

ANSI/AGMA 9005 --E02 Industrial Gear Lubrication clutches, fluid couplings, magnetic couplings or
This standard provides the end user, original torque converters.
equipment builder, gear manufacturer and lubricant ISBN: 1--55589--796--7 Pages: 17
supplier with guidelines for minimum performance
characteristics for lubricants suitable for use with AGMA ISO 10064--1 Cylindrical Gears - Code of
enclosed and open gearing which is installed in Inspection Practice - Part 1: Inspection of
general industrial power transmission applications. It Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth
provides recommendations for selecting lubricants Provides a code of practice dealing with thetangential
based on current theory and practice in the industry, measurements of cylindricalinvolutegear toothflanks
and attempts to align with current ISO standards. It is (pitch deviations, profile deviations, helix deviations
not intended to supplant specific instructions from the and tangential compositedeviations), and serves as a
gear manufacturer. Replaces ANSI/AGMA supplement to ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1, Cylindrical
9005--D94. Gears -- ISO System of Accuracy -- Part 1: Definitions
ISBN: 1--55589--800--9 Pages: 31 and Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to
Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth. This AGMA
Information Sheet is an identical adoption of ISO/TR
ANSI/AGMA 9008 --B00 Flexible Couplings – Gear
10064--1.
Type – Flange Dimensions, Inch Series
ISBN: 1--55589--735--5 Pages: 26
Defines the North American industry practice for the
interface dimensions of the sleeve and rigid hubs of
both shrouded and exposed bole, inch series, gear AGMA ISO 10064--2 Cylindrical Gears - Code of
type couplings. Inspection Practice - Part 2: Inspection Related to
ISBN: 1--55589--736--3 Pages: 3 Radial Composite Deviations, Runout, Tooth
Thickness and Backlash
Provides a code of practice dealing with inspection
ANSI/AGMA 9009--D02 Flexible Couplings - relevant to radial composite deviations, runout, tooth
Nomenclature for Flexible Couplings thickness and backlash of cylindrical involute gear
Presents the nomenclature common to flexible (measurements referred to double flank contact), and
couplings as used in mechanical power transmission serves as a supplement to ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2,
drives. It was prepared to reduce the language Cylindrical Gears -- ISO System of Accuracy -- Part 2:
barriers that arise between designers, manufacturers Definitions and Allowable Values of Deviations
anduserswhenattemptingtodesignatevarioustypes Relevant to Radial CompositeDeviations and Runout
of flexible couplings and their elements. It does not Information. This AGMA Information Sheet is an
address nomenclature for flexible shafts, quill shafts, identical adoption of ISO/TR 10064--2.
universal joints or devices which exhibit slip such as ISBN: 1--55589--737--1 Pages: 25

ISO Standards by Technical Committee 60
Technical Committee 60 is responsible for the development of all international gear--related standards.
Many standards requireadditional documents fortheirproper use. A listof these standardsare normally supplied after the
scope, in the normative references section of a document. Be sure to inquire whether the standard you need requires
other documents listed herein.
53:1998 Cylindrical gears for general and heavy 6336--3:1996 Calculation of load capacity of spur and
engineering – Standard basic rack tooth profile helical gears -- Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength
54:1996 Cylindrical gears forgeneral engineeringand for
heavy engineering -- Modules 6336--5:2003 Calculation of load capacity of spur and
helical gears -- Part 5: Strength and quality of materials
677:1976 Straight bevel gears for general engineering
and heavy engineering -- Basic rack 8579--1:2002 Acceptance code for gears -- Part 1:
Determination of airborne sound power levels emitted by
678:1976 (1996) Straight bevel gears for general gear units
engineering and heavy engineering -- Modules and
8579--2:1993 Acceptance code for gears -- Part 2:
diametral pitches
Determinationofmechanicalvibrationofgearunitsduring
701:1998 International gear notation -- Symbols for acceptance testing
geometric data 9083:2001 Calculation of load capacity of spur and
1122--1:1998 Glossary of gear terms -- Part 1: Definitions helical gears -- Application to marine gears
related to geometry 9084:2000 Calculation of load capacity of spur and
1122--2:1999 Vocabulary of gear terms -- Part 2: helical gear -- Application to high speed gears and gears
Definitions related to worm gear geometry of similar requirements
9085:2002 Calculation of load capacity of spur and
1328 --1:1995 Cylindrical gears -- ISO system of accuracy
helical gears -- Application for industrial gears
-- Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations
relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth (See TR10064--1:1992 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection
ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1) practice -- Part 1: Inspection of corresponding flanks of
gear teeth (See AGMA ISO 10064--1)
1328 --2:1997 Cylindrical gears -- ISO system of accuracy
-- Part 2: Definitions and allowable values of deviations TR10064--2:1996 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection
relevant to radial composite deviations and runout practice -- Part 2: Inspection related to radial composite
information (See ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2) deviations, runout, tooth thickness and backlash (See
AGMA ISO 10064--2)
1340:1976 Cylindrical gears -- Information to be given to
TR10064--3:1996 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection
the manufacturer by the purchaser in order to obtain the
practice -- Part 3: Recommendations relative to gear
gears required
blanks, shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes
1341:1976 Straight bevel gears -- Information to be given TR10064--4:1998 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection
tothe manufacturerby thepurchaser inorder to obtainthe practice -- Part 4: Recommendations relative to surface
gears required texture and tooth contact pattern checking
2490:1996 Single--start solid(monoblock) gear hobs with 10300--1:2001 Calculation of load capacity of bevel
tenon drive or axial keyway, 1 to 40 module -- Nominal gears -- Part 1: Introduction and general influence factors
dimensions
10300--2:2001 Calculation of load capacity of bevel
TR4467:1982 Addendum modification of the teeth of gears -- Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting)
cylindrical gears for speed--reducing and
10300--3:2001 Calculation of load capacity of bevel
speed--increasing gear pairs
gears -- Part 3: Calculation of tooth root strength
4468:1982 Gear hobs -- Single start -- Accuracy 10347:1999 Worm gears -- Geometry of worms -- Name
requirements plates for worm gear units, centre distances, information
6336 --1:1996 Calculation of load capacity of spur and to be supplied to gear manufacturer by the purchaser
helical gears -- Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and TR10495:1997 Cylindrical gears-- Calculation of service
general influence factors life under variable loads -- Conditions for cylindrical gears
6336 --2:1996 Calculation of load capacity of spur and according to ISO 6336
helical gears -- Part 2: Calculation of surface durability 10825:1995 Gears -- Wear and damage to gear teeth --
(pitting) Terminology

TR10828:1997 Wormgears -- Geometry of worm profiles 14104:1995 Gears -- Surface temper etch inspection
after grinding
TR 13593:1999 Enclosed gear drives for industrial
applications
TR 14179--1:2001 Gears -- Thermal capacity -- Part 1:
13691:2001 Petroleum and natural gas industries -- High Rating gear drives with thermal equilibrium at 95 C sump
°
speed special--purpose gear units temperature

TR 13989--1:2000 Calculationof scuffing load capacity of
TR 14179--2:2001 Gears -- Thermal capacity -- Part 2:
cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears – Part 1: Flash
Thermal load--carrying capacity
temperature method
TR 13989--2:2000 Calculationof scuffing load capacity of 14635--1:2000 Gears – FZG test procedures – Part 1:
cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears – Part 2: Integral FZG method A/8, 3/90 for relative scuffing load carrying
temperature method capacity of oils
Gear Software
ISO 6336 Software by AGMA Now for the first time, software to calculate ratings in
The ISO6336 standard is being adopted by countries accordance with each standard is available in one
throughout the world. It is the most massive and packagefromAGMA. Entitledthe Gear Rating Suite,
complex gear standard ever. Because of the large the software allows the user to input data once for
number of inputs and formulas and because of the each gearset, and obtain ratings to both standards.
choices in methodology, the new standard is definitely Beginning withAGMA’s ISO6336 Software, whichhas
not for the beginning engineer. Calculatingby method gained international acceptance since its release in
B requires more than 80 input values! 1998, the Gear Rating Suite adds an equally
Fortunately, the American Gear Manufacturers comprehensive module to calculate ratings per
Association is ready with valuable new software, ANSI/AGMA2001--C95. Among the many features of
which lets you master ISO 6336. the software package are:
Developed and tested over several years by a group D An in--depth User’s Manual, and all required
of fourteen AGMA men and women working closely AGMA and ISO standards.
with the developers by the international standard, the
D User friendly I/O that provides an intuitive user
software addresses ISO 6336 method B, the most
interface,with drop--down boxes, look--up tables,
comprehensive, analytical calculation method. It
and graphical guides used to assistin data entry.
enables you to:
D determine gear capacity in accordance with the D Dual input units which allow the user to switch
ISO 6336 standard quickly and accurately; between SI and inch units.
D compare your own design and practices with ISO D Error and warning messages are provided within
6336 results; both the input and rating routines to help identify
problems.
D understand your competitor’s ratings.
D A help program is incorporated within the
The time this program will save you is exponential. software.
Don’t spend days pouring over documents and
running calculations! AGMA’s clear, logical Windows D Long and short form outputs are provided.
screens lead you through all the necessary inputs,
grouping geometry, materials and operating In addition to the gear rating routines and aids, the
package also provides:
characteristics. The DOS programeven allowsyou to
calculate multiple gear sets with a batch input file! D A Geometry Checker for checking input data to
The manual alone is worth the price! In addition to ensure they are within allowable ranges. The
explaining the software, this handy document is a Geometry Checker will help identify data entry errors
great tool for learning how to use ISO 6336, guiding and unusual gear designs.
you through the complexities and teaching you the D Tolerance worksheets which allow the user to
correctinputs,especiallyintheexactingareasoftooth calculate tooth tolerances from quality numbers,
geometry and tooling. convert quality numbers between AGMA and ISO,
and to display tolerances for adjacent grades.
AGMA’s Gear Rating Suite The potential of the Gear Rating Suite to improve
Two of the most recognized standards in the world your efficiency and save you time in performing these
today for determining the rating of spur and helical rigorouscalculations makes this a “musthave” tool for
gears are ANSI/AGMA 2001--C95 and ISO 6336. all gear engineers.

Fall Technical Meeting Papers: 1990 -- 2002
2002 PAPERS demonstrate the utilization of these SPC

techniques.
ISBN: 1--55589--803--3 Pages: 26
02FTM1. The Effect of Chemically Accelerated
Vibratory Finishing on Gear Metrology 02FTM4. Multibody--System--Simulation of Drive
Authors: Lane Winklemann, Mark Michaud, Gary Trains of Wind Turbines
Sroka, Joseph Arvin and Ali Manesh Author: Berthold Schlecht
Chemically accelerated vibratory finishing is a During the last years a multitude of wind turbines
commercially proven process that is capable of have been put into operation with continuously
isotropicallysuperfinishing metalsto an Ra< 1.0ìin. increased power output. Wind turbines with 6 MW
Gears have less friction, run significantly coolerand output are in the stage of development, a simple
have lower noise and vibration when this extrapolation to larger dimensions of wind turbines
technology is applied. Scuffing, contact fatigue on the basis of existing plants and operational
(pitting), and bending fatigue are also reduced or experiences is questionable. This paper deals with
eliminated both in laboratory testing and field trials. the simulation of the dynamic behavior of the
This paper presents studies done on aerospace complete drive train of a wind turbine by using a
Q13 spiral bevel gears showing that the amount of detailed Multi--System --Model with special respect
metal removed to superfinish the surface is both of the gear box internals. Starting with the model
negligible and controllable. Media selection and creation andthe analysis of the natural frequencies,
metal removal monitoring procedures are various load cases in the time domain will be
described ensuring uniform surface finishing, discussed.
controllability and preservation of gear metrology. ISBN: 1--55589--804--1 Pages: 13
ISBN: 1--55589--801--7 Pages: 18
02FTM5. Crack Length and Depth Determination in an
02FTM2. Development and Application of Integrated Carburized Gear/Bearing
Computer--Aided Design and Tooth Contact Analysis Authors: Raymond Drago and James Kachelries
of Spiral --Type Gears with Cylindrical Worm In an effort to determine if processing cracks posed
Authors: V.I. Goldfarb and E.S. Trubachov a safety of flight concern, several gears that
This paper presents the method of step--by--step contained cracks were designated to undergo a
computer--aided design of spiroid--type gears, rigorous bench test. Prior to the start of the test, it
which involves gear scheme design, geometric wasnecessary to document, nondestructively, allof
calculation of gearing, drive design, calculation of the crack dimensions. This paper will present a
machine settings and tooth--contact analysis. specially modified magnetic rubber inspection
Models of operating and generating gearing have technique to determine crack lengths as short as
been developed, including models of manufacture 0.006 inch, and a unique, highly sensitive,
and assembly errors, force and temperature laboratory eddy current inspection technique to
deformations acting in real gearing, and drive estimate crack depths up to +/ -- 0.003 inch.
element wear. Possibilities of CAD--technique ISBN: 1--55589--805--X Pages: 9
application are shown to solve design and
manufacture tasks for gearboxes and gear--motors 02FTM6. Contemporary Gear Hobbing -- Tools and
with spiroid--type gears. Process Strategies
ISBN: 1--55589--802--5 Pages: 15 Author: Claus Kobialka
Gear manufacturing without coolant lubrication is
02FTM3. The Application of Statistical Stability and getting more and more important. Modern hobbing
Capability for Gear Cutting Machine Acceptance machines are designed to cope with dryhobbing. In
Criteria the last years, carbide hobs were prevailing in
Author: T.J. (Buzz) Maiuri high--speed hobbing due to their excellent thermal
Over the years the criteria for gear cutting machine stability. Today, this high performance rate is
acceptance has changed. In the past, cutting a confronted with rather high tool costs and critical
standard test gear or cutting a customer gear to tool handling. Powder metallurgical HSS combined
their specification was all that was expected for with extremely wear resistant coating on the base of
machine acceptance. Today, statistical process (Ti, Al)N offer interesting alternatives for dry
control(SPC) is required for virtually every machine hobbing. It is evident that existing conventional hob
runoff. This paper will cover the basic theory of geometries can be optimized respecting limiting
stability and capability and its application to bevel factors like maximum chip thickness and maximum
and cylindrical gear cutting machine acceptance depth of scallops.
criteria. Actual case studies will be presented to ISBN: 1--55589--806--8 Pages: 11

02FTM7. Selecting the Best Carburizing Method for given comparing gear ratings from ISO and AGMA
the Heat Treatment of Gears showing some interesting and diverse differences
Authors: Daniel Herring, Gerald Lindell, David Breuer in the trends when the gear geometry was changed
and Beth Madlock slightly. These changes included addendum
Vacuum carburizing has proven itself a robust heat modification coefficients and helix angle.
treatment process and a viable alternative to Differences also existed when the hardness and
atmosphere carburizing. This paper will present hardening methods were changed. This paper will
scientific data in support of this choice. A use rating programs developed by an AGMA
comparison of atmosphere carburized gears committee to compare AGMA and ISOratings while
requiring press quenching to achieve dimensional having the same gear geometry for both ratings.
tolerances in a “one piece at a time” heat treating This will allow consistent trend analysis by only
operation, with a vacuum carburized processing a changing one gear geometry parameter while
full load of gears that have been high gas pressure holding other geometry items constant.
quenched within required tolerances. ISBN: 1--55589--810--6 Pages: 17
ISBN: 1--55589--807--6 Pages: 13
02FTM11. Gear Design Optimization Procedure that
02FTM8. Compliant Spindle in Lapping and Testing Identifies Robust, Minimum Stress and Minimum
Machines Noise Gear Pair Designs
Author: Bill McGlasson Author: Donald Houser
This paper presents theory, analysis and results of Typical gear design procedures are based on an
a novel spindle design with application to bevel gear iterative process that uses rather basic formulas to
lapping and testing machines. The spindle design predict stresses. Modificationssuch as tip relief and
includes a rotationally compliant element which can lead crowning are based on experience and these
substantially reduce the dynamic forces induced modifications are usually selected after the design
betweenthe gear members while rolling under load. has been considered. In this process, noise is
The theory of this spindle concept is presented usually an after thought left to be chosen by the
using simplified models, providing the explanation designer after the geometric design has been
for the process benefits it brings. Analysis and established. This paper starts with
simulations give additional insight into the micro--topographies in the form of profile and lead
dynamics of the system. Finally, actual lapping and modifications. Then, evaluations are made on the
testing machine results are presented. load distribution, bending and contact stresses,
ISBN: 1--55589--808--4 Pages: 11 transmission error, film thickness, flash
temperature, etc. for a large number of designs.
02FTM9. Gear RollScan for High Speed Gear The key to this analysis isthe rapidevaluation ofthe
Measurement load distribution.
Author: Andreas Pommer ISBN: 1--55589--811--4 Pages: 15
This presentation features a revolutionary new
method for the complete topographical 02FTMS1 Design and Stress Analysis of New Version
measurement of gears. The Gear RollScan system of Novikov --Wildhaber Helical Gears
is similar to one--flank gear rolling inspection. Author: Ignacio Gonzalez--Perez
However, the master gear has measuring tracks on This paper covers design, generation, tooth contact
selected flanks. With two master gears in roll analysis and stress analysis of a new type of
contact, both the left and right flanks of the Novikov--Wildhaber helical gear drive. Great
specimen can be inspected simultaneously. After a advantages of the developed gear drive in
specified number of rotations, every measuring comparison with the previous ones will be
track on the master gears will contact every flank of discussed, including: reduction of noise and
the specimen this measuring device will always find vibration caused by errors of alignment, the
the worst tooth. possibility of grinding, and application of hardened
ISBN: 1--55589--809--2 Pages: 10 materials and reduction of stresses. These
achievements are obtained by application of: new
02FTM10. Comparing the Gear Ratings from ISO and geometry based on application of parabolic
AGMA rack--cutters, double--crowning of pinion and
Author: Octave LaBath parabolic type of transmission errors.
In the early 1980’s several technical papers were ISBN: 1--55589--812--2 Pages: 25

2001 PAPERS stationary, CNC--controlled gear measuring

centers, and transportable equipment for checking
01FTM1. Carbide Hobbing Case Study individual parameters directly on the gear cutting or
Author: Yefim Kotlyar gear grinding machine.
ISBN: 1--55589--783--5 Pages: 20
Carbide hobbing improves productivity and cost,
howevermany questions remain regarding the best 01FTM5. Traceability of Gears -- -- New Ideas, Recent
application, carbide material, hob sharpening, Developments
coating and re--coating, hob handling, consistency Authors: Frank Härtig and Franz Wäldele
and optimum hob wear, best cutting conditions, and Some national standard tolerances for cylindrical
concerns for the initial cutting tool investment. This gears liein, andeven below, therange of instrument
paper is a case study of a successful measurement uncertainties. This paper presents a
implementation of carbide hobbing for an annual concept based on three fundamental goals:
output of 250,000 gears, average lot size of about reduction of measurement uncertainty,
200--300 gears, producing gears of about 150 construction of workpiece--like standards, and
different sizes and pitches, with 4 setups per day on shortening of the traceability chain. One of the focal
average. points is the development of a standard measuring
ISBN: 1--55589--780--0 Pages: 16 device as an additional metrological frame
integrated into a coordinate measuring machine.
01FTM2. The Ultimate Motion Graph for “Noiseless” ISBN: 1--55589--784--3 Pages: 6
Gears
Authors: Hermann J. Stadtfeld and Uwe Gaiser 01FTM6. Performance--Based Gear--Error Inspection ,
Gear noise is a common problem in all bevel and Specification, and Manufacturing--Source Diagnostics
hypoid gear drives. A variety of expensive gear Authors: William D. Mark and Cameron P. Reagor
geometry optimizations are applied daily in all This paper will show that a frequency--domain
hypoid gear manufacturing plants, to reduce gear approach for the specification of gear tooth
noise. In many cases those efforts have little tolerance limits is related to gear performance and
success. This paper will present ”The Ultimate transmission errors. In addition, it is shown that one
Motion Graph”, a concept for modulating the tooth can compute, from detailed tooth measurements,
surfaces that uses modifications to cancel the specific tooth error contributions that cause any
operating dynamic disturbances that are typically particularly troublesome rotational harmonic
generated by any gear types. contributions to transmission error, thereby
ISBN: 1--55589--781--9 Pages: 16 permitting manufacturing source identification of
troublesome operation.
01FTM3. Automated Spiral Bevel Gear Pattern ISBN: 1--55589--785--1 Pages: 15
Inspection 01FTM7. Chemically Accelerated Vibratory Finishing
Authors: S.T. Nguyen, A. Manesh, K. Duckworth and for the Elimination of Wear and Pitting of Alloy Steel
S. Wiener
Gears
Manufacturing processes for precision spiral bevel
Authors: Mark Michaud, Gary Sroka and Lane
gears are operator intensive, making them Winkelmann
particularly costly in today’s small lot production Chemically accelerated vibratory finishing
environment. This problem is compounded by eliminates wear and contact fatigue, resulting in
production requirements for replacement parts that gears surviving higher power densities for a longer
have not been produced for many years. The paper life compared to traditional finishes. Studies have
will introduce a new closed loop system capable of confirmed this process is metallurgically safe for
reducing development costs by 90%and bevel gear both through hardened and case carburized alloy
grinder setup time by 80%. In addition, a capability steels. The superfinish can achieve an Ra < 1.5
to produce non--standard designs without part data minch, while maintaining tolerance levels.
summaries is reviewed. Advancements will also be Metrology, topography, scanning electron
presented for accepting precision gears using an microscopy, hydrogen embrittlement, contact
electronic digital master in lieu of a physical master. fatigue and lubrication results are presented.
ISBN: 1--55589--782--7 Pages: 15
ISBN: 1--55589--786--X Pages: 16
01FTM4 . How to Inspect Large Cylindrical Gears with 01FTM8. The Effect of Spacing Errors and Runout on
an Outside Diameter of More Than 40 Inches Transverse Load Sharing and the Dynamic Factor of
Author: Güenter Mikoleizig Spur and Helical Gears
This paper discusses the design and function of the Authors: Husny Wijaya, Donald R. Houser and Jonny
relevant machines used for individual error Harianto
measurements suchas lead and profile formas well This paper addresses the effect of two common
as gear pitch and runout. The author will cover manufacturing errors on the performance of spur
different types of inspection machines such as: and helical gears; spacing error and gear runout. In

spacing error analysis, load sharing for two quick full field analysis of high precision gears.
worst--case scenarios are treated, one where a Comparisons are made between mechanical and
tooth is out of position and the second where optical profiles obtained of a gear tooth.
stepped index errors are applied. The analyzed ISBN: 1--55589--791--6 Pages: 12
results are then used as inputs to predict gear
dynamic loads, dynamic tooth stresses and
dynamic factors for gear rating.
ISBN: 1--55589--787--8 Pages: 16
2000 PAPERS
2000FTM1. Minimization of In --Process Corrosion of
01FTM9. New Opportunities with Molded Gears Aerospace Gears
Authors: Roderick E. Kleiss, Alexander L. Kapelevich
Authors: S.T. Nguyen, A. Manesh, and J. Reeves
and N. Jack Kleiss Jr.
This paper discusses problems and root causes
Unique tooth geometry that might be difficult or
associated with the corrosion of aerospace gears
even impossible to achieve with cut gears can be
during the manufacturing process.
applied to molded gears. This paper will investigate
two types of gears that have been designed,
Specimens of common base materials used in
molded and tested in plastic. The first is an
precision gearing were subjected to process
asymmetric mesh with dissimilar 23 and 35 degree
conditions that contribute to corrosion initiation
pressure angles. The second is an orbiting
including: different coolant types and
transmission with a 65 degree pressure angle. Both
concentrations, material heat treat conditions, base
transmissions have higher load potential than
material magnetism, surface finish and iron
traditional design approaches.
ISBN: 1--55589--788--6 Pages: 11
particles in coolant.
ISBN: 1--55589--762--2 Pages: 7
01FTM10. Design Technologies of High Speed Gear 2000FTM2. The Calculation of Optimum Surface
Transmission Carbon Content for Carburized Case Hardened Gears
Author: Jeff Wang
Author: P.C. Clarke
This paper discusses a few critical factors and their
At present, there is not a method to calculate
effects on high speed gear transmissions. The first
eutectoid carbon from chemical analysis and the
factor is centrifugal force and its effect on tooth root
eutectoid carbon is notthe bestelement upon which
strength, tooth expansion and backlash and the
to base surface carbon requirements. This paper
interference fit between gear and shaft. The second
will define the conditions and propose a method to
is system dynamics, including critical speed,
calculate an optimum carbon level to minimize the
dynamic balancing and the torsional effects of
possibilities of retained austenite, cementite and
flexible couplings. Thethird is thewindage loss with
bainite.
different combinations of helix and rotation ISBN: 1--55589--763--0 Pages: 8
direction, lubricant flow rate, flow distribution and
their effects on tooth bulk temperature field and 2000FTM3. Comparison of New Gear Metallurgy
tooth thermal expansion. Documents, ISO 6336--5 and AGMA 923 with Gear
ISBN: 1--55589--789--4 Pages: 8 Rating Standards AGMA 2001 and 2003
Author: A.A. Swiglo
01FTM11. Kinematic and Force Analysis of a Spur This paper will compare and contrast these four
Gear System with Separation of Sliding and Rolling documents. What’s new, what’s different and what’s
between Meshing Profiles hidden in the footnotes. Knowing the differences
Author: D. E. Tananko will be important to the users of these documents.
This paper describes a comprehensive study of the ISBN: 1--55589--764--9 Pages: 110
novel gear designwith physical separation between
sliding and rolling motions of the mesh gear contact 2000FTM4. Parametric Influences in the ISO Project
point. The sliding motion is accommodated by Concerning Worm Gear Rating
shear deformation of a thin--layered rubber--metal Author: M. Octrue
laminate allowing very high compression loads. This paper analyzes the influence of different
Several important advantages will be presented parameters in CD ISO 14561 Load Capacity
when comparing the composite gear design to the Calculation of Worm Gears such as; efficiency,
conventional involute profile. wear load capacity, pitting, deflection and tooth root
ISBN: 1--55589--790--8 Pages: 50 stress. The influencing parameters are divided into
different categories such as external parameters of
01FTMS1. Optical Technique for Gear Contouring loading conditions, environmental parameters of
Author: Federico Sciammarella lubricant temperature and driving and driven
This paper presents an optical technique machines.
(projection moiré)that is compact andcan provide a ISBN: 1--55589--765--7 Pages: 10

2000FTM5. Systematic Investigations on the 2000FTM9. Cylindrical Gear Inspection and Bevel
Influence of Viscosity Index Improvers on EHL--Film Gear Inspection -- A Simple Task by Means of
Thickness Dedicated CNC--Controlled Gear Inspection
Authors: B.--R. Hohn, K. Michaelis and F. Kopatsch Machines
This paper compares film thickness calculations to Author: G. Mikoleizig
measurements taken using polymer containing oils This paper will discuss the design, function,
in a twin disk machine. Results will showall polymer software management and probe systems of the
containing oils form lower film thicknesses than inspection machines. Analytical tooth contact
straight mineral oils of the same viscosity after analysis of a cylindrical gear set by means of the
shearing. A polymer correction factor is derived combined effectsof gear and pinion is shown onthe
from test results improving the accuracy of film basis of individual profile and alignment
thickness calculation. measurements. A fully automatic correctionsystem
ISBN: 1--55589--766--5 Pages: 11 will be introduced for checking the flank form on
spiral bevel gears.
ISBN: 1--55589--770--3 Pages: 25
2000FTM6. Did the Natural Convection Exist in
Mechanical Power Transmissions? Theoretical and 2000FTM10. Bending Fatigue Investigation under
Experimental Results Variable Load Conditions on Case Carburized Gears
Author: M. Pasquier Authors: B.--R. Hohn, P. Oster, K. Michaelis,
ISO TR14179 parts 1 and 2, give valuesof totalheat
exchange coefficients in the case of natural Th. Suchandt and K. Stahl
convection and forced convection. This paper will Variable load spectrum tests are carried out at
comparethe valuesof total heat exchange obtained different load levels in a step program and at
from a theoretical study to the values given in the random loading. The results of step programmed
ISO Technical Reports. tests show a substantial influence of the period of
ISBN: 1--55589--767--3 Pages: 10 the programmed subsequence of fatigue life.
Fatigue life decreases when the subsequence
period is shortened. With substantially shortened
2000FTM7. An Analytical -- FEM Tool for the Design subsequences in step programmed test nearly the
and Optimization of Aerospace Gleason Spiral Bevel same fatigue life is reachedas inrandom loadtests.
Gears ISBN: 1--55589--771--1 Pages: 14
Author: C. Gorla, F. Rosa, and P.G. Schiannini
To save time and money during the design process
a tool based on analytical algorithms and on FEM 2000FTM11. UltraSafe Gear Systems -- Single Tooth
models is introduced. As a first step, the conjugate Bending Fatigue Test Results
Authors: R.J. Drago, A. Isaacson and N. Sonti
surfaces theory is applied to a bevel set. An
This paper willdiscuss a system from a point ofview
analytical tooth contact analysis is performed to
of ”what happens when a failure occurs”. Gears
determine the theoretical contact points on flank
were manufactured with seeded faults to simulate
surfaces versus the meshing points. Information is
unexpected defects in various portions of the highly
then derived by the contact analysis and used to
loaded gear tooth and rim sections. Crack
generate Finite Element models of the gear pair on
propagation was monitored by measuring effective
the basis of the theoretical contact pattern. A final
mesh stiffness and applied loading to provide both
simulation by means of FEM models takes into
warning of an impending failure and a reasonable
account load sharing between tooth pairs.
ISBN: 1--55589--768--1 Pages: 12
period operation after initiation of a failure for a safe
landing.
ISBN: 1--55589--772--X Pages: 9
2000FTM8. Stock Distribution Optimization in Fixed
Setting Hypoid Pinions 2000FTM12. The Finite Strips Method as an
Author: C. Gosselin and J. Masseth Alternative to the Finite Elements in Gear Tooth Stress
This paper presents an algorithm used to optimize and Strain Analysis
the stock distribution between the roughing and Authors: C. Gosselin and P. Gagnon
finishing cuts for fixed setting spiral bevel and The Finite Strip Method (FSM), which may be
hypoid members. The optimization is based on the considered a subset of the Finite Element Method
Surface Match algorithm, where differences (FEM), is presented as an alternative to (FEM) that
between the roughing and finishing spiral angle, requires very little meshing effort and can be
pressure angle and tooth taper are minimized in applied to virtually any tooth geometry while
order to obtain rough and finished tooth flanks that offering precision comparable to that of Finite
are parallel. Elements. This paper will cover the(FSM) model for
ISBN: 1--55589--769--X Pages: 8 spur and helical gears, plates of variable thickness

such as the teeth of face gear members and for personnel, is used to determine the uncertainty of
spiral bevel and hypoid gears. each component of the measurement task.
ISBN: 1--55589--773--8 Pages: 11 ISBN: 1--55589--741--X Pages: 14
2000FTMS1. Effects of Helix Slope and Form 99FTM4. Gear Oil Micropitting Evaluation
Deviation on the Contact and Fillet Stresses of Helical Authors: A.B. Cardis and M.N. Webster
Gears Besides operating conditions such as load, speed,
Authors: R. Guilbault sliding and specific film thickness, the chemical
An investigation is conducted on the effects of helix composition of a lubricant has been found to
slope and form deviation tolerances specified for influence micropitting of case hardened gears. The
grades 5 and 7 of the ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1 for development of micropittingresistant lubricants has
cylindrical gears. The results show and almost been limited both by a lack of mechanism
linear correspondence between deviation understanding and a lack of a readily available
amplitude and tooth load and fillet stress increases: lubricant micropitting test. This paper reports
using grade 7 instead of grade 5 can double the efforts to develop alternate methods to study
tooth flank load increase andassociated fillet stress micropittingperformance of individual additives and
increase. Results also show that effects are even combinations of additives with a roller disc
more significant on the maximum contact pressure. machine. Concurrently, a full--scale gear test using
ISBN: 1--55589--774--6 Pages: 21 ”real world” gearing is covered.
ISBN: 1--55589--742--8 Pages: 16
99FTM5. Analysis of Micropitting on Prototype

1999 PAPERS Surface Fatigue Test Gears
Author: M.R. Hoeprich
99FTM1. The Barkhausen Noise Inspection Method Experimental gears designed for surface fatigue
for Detecting Grinding Damage in Gears studies by the AGMA Helical Gear Rating
Authors: J.S. Ceurter, C. Smith and R. Ott Committee and tested in a FZG test rig were
When grinding hardened steel there is always the evaluated by the author. This paper presents
possibility for surface damage in the form of results obtained through optical profilometry, SEM
residual stress and microstructural changes. and metallographic examinations.
Methodsfor detecting this sortof damage may have ISBN: 1--55589--743--6 Pages: 11
drawbacks, such as production time, complexity,
99FTM6. The Submerged Induction Hardening of
subjectivity and use of hazardous chemicals. The
Gears
authors present a relatively new method, known as
Author: D.W. Ingham
the Barkhausen noise analysis, that may meet the With examples of field failures directly attributable
demand for measuring defects in ground steels. to the Tooth by Tooth Induction Hardening, there
ISBN: 1--55589--739--8 Pages: 10
has been a negative feeling against the use of this
99FTM2. Traceability Strategies for the Calibration of process. This paper shows successes of the
Spline and Serration Gauges process founded on Process Development and
Author: W. Beyer Quality Control. The author presents a case for and
Form and shape of running gears are often against Tooth by Tooth Induction Hardening.
toleranced. The same features of splines and ISBN: 1--55589--744--4 Pages: 12
serration gauges may need to have the same 99FTM7. Ductile Iron as a Material for Open Gearing
permissible geometrical tolerances as those for Author: P. Graham
running gears. Examples are given in the paper This paper covers an outline of ductile iron and the
which prove that, in view of often small required physical properties that can be expected from
tolerances, it will often be necessary to calibrate different grades. The types of heat treatment,
splines and serration gauges with the smallest properties that can be expected and also hardness
possible uncertainty. values are provided for typical gear blanks.
99FTM3. Measurement Uncertainty for Pitch and 99FTM8. Power--Dry --Cutting of Bevel Gears
Runout Artifacts Author: H.J. Stadtfeld
Author: B. Cox High speed machining using carbides has been
Primary--level calibration of pitch and runout known for some decades for milling and turning
artifacts require quantifying the measurement operations. Improvements in carbide grades and
uncertainty on the artifact being calibrated by a sintering processes in combination with new
method that does not rely on a transfer comparison. coating methods and theuse of CNC machines has
The measurement decompo--sition method, lead to a significantly new trend in cutting bevel
developed jointly by (NIST) and (ORMC) gears. This paper discusses bevel gear dry cutting

methods with surface cutting speeds of 1000 99FTM13. Failures of Bevel--Helical Gear Units on
ft./min. for continuous face hobbing and plunge Traveling Bridge Cranes
cutting single index face milling. Author: J.M. Escanaverino
ISBN: 1--55589--746--0 Pages: 10 Frequent failures of bevel gear units in traveling
drives of bridge cranes pose a difficult problem for
99FTM9. Dry Hobbing Process Technology Road maintenance and discussions on the necessary
Map gear unit Service or Application Factor selection.
Authors: G. Schlarb and K. Switzer This paper focuses on theoriginof the troubles, with
Technology in today’s gear cuttingindustry makes it an insight on the dynamics of the drive train.
impossible to assume that there is one process ISBN: 1--55589--750--9 Pages: 6
capable of meeting the requirements of each 99FTM14. The Effect of Material Defects on Gear
application. This paper discusses extensive tool Performance -- A Case Study
developments that have taken place in recent years Authors: R.J. Drago and A.F. Filax
as well as the explosionof newtechnology with both The mechanism by which failures occur due to
coatings as well as new materials. The author material defects is often circuitous and not readily
discusses how to determine the best combination apparent. In this case study, the authors examine
possible for a given application. the failure of a medium--sized pinion used in a
ISBN: 1--55589--747--9 Pages: 10 mining application. The mode of failure was rather
catastrophic in nature but did not follow any of the
99FTM10. Design and Testing of a Marine Gearbox typically understood mechanisms such as tooth
Author: J. Bos bending, surface distress, wear, etc. This paper
This paper gives an overview of design and presents a summary of the failure, its investigation
back--to--back testing results for gearboxes that are and the methods proposed for its resolution.
designed for low noise and vibration levels. Design ISBN: 1--55589--752--5 Page 7
aspects such as tooth corrections, tooth loading,
99FTM15. Theoretical Model for Load Distribution on
gear lay--out, balancing, lubricating systems and a
Cylindrical Gears: Application to Contact Stress
resilient mounting system will be discussed.
Analysis
Specific attention for the design was given to
Authors: J.I. Pedrero, M. Pleguezuelos, M. Artés, A.
minimize the number of rotating elements under Fuentes, and C. García--Masiá
load, to have optimal corrections for loaded The elastic models of gear tooth behavior are
conditions and to optimize the tooth loading. usually based on the hypothesis of uniform load
ISBN: 1--55589--748--7 Pages: 13
distribution along the line of contact. The
calculation methods of ISO andAGMA assume that
99FTM11. Performance Study of Nitrided Gears in the load per unit of length is equal to the total load
High Speed Epicyclic Gearbox Used in Gas divided by the length of contact. In this paper, the
Turbogenerators -- A Case Study load sharing along the line of contact is determined
Author: A.K. Rakhit from the hypothesis of minimum elastic potential.
Nitrided gears are preferred in some designs due to From this nonuniform load distribution and Hertz’s
their low heat treat distortion characteristics and equation, a method for determining both the value
resistance to scuffing under low oil--film thickness, and the location of the critical contact stress is
an inherent phenomenon at sun gear mesh--planet described.
mesh in epicyclics. This paper discusses and ISBN: 1--55589--753--3 Pages: 13
verifies these properties plus the tendency of these
gears to fail under heavy shock loads. 99FTM16. The Multi--Objective Optimization of
ISBN: 1--55589--749--5 Pages: 4 Nonstandard Gears Including Robustness
Authors: D.R. Houser, A.F. Luscher, I.C. Regalado
The design of gears involves the optimization of
99FTM12. Gearbox Field Performance from a
different objectives, and the presence of errors in
Rebuilder’s Perspective
the manufacturing and operating conditions affects
Author: C. Schultz
the performance of the gears; therefore, a robust
The focus of this paper is the actual field
optimization procedure applying Taguchi methods
performance of a variety of over 2000 different
was used as a tool in the design of nonstandard
gearboxes that have been repaired over the last 15
cylindrical gears. This paper presents an outline of
years. The information presented consists of a
the procedure and discusses some of the results.
statistical review of the types of gearboxes repaired
ISBN: 1--55589--754--1 Pages: 14
and the typical failure modes. Among the problems
described in detail are tooth breakage, tooth wear, 99FTM17. Synthetic Oils for Worm Gear Lubrication
housing bore damage, seal wear and lube system Author: U. Mann
failure. This paper shows several synthetic gear oils and
ISBN: 1--55589--751--7 Pages: 6 their influence on wear and efficiency of highly

loaded worm gears. The results are based on modifications, misalignments and spacing errors
measurements carried out on the Kluber worm gear may be analyzed.
test rig. This test rig allows the measurement of ISBN: 1--55589--719--3 Pages: 10
input speed, input torque, output torque, bulk and 98FTM2. Mesh Friction in Gearing
sump temperature. The measured results are Author: C.M. Denny
compared with other investigations such as Plastic gears are often run dry in their applications.
measurements of friction coefficients and DIN The subsequent tooth sliding friction forces have a
3996. sizable effect on the magnitude of tooth root
ISBN: 1--55589--755--X Pages: 9 bending in both the driving and driven gears and the
point of tooth--load application. A calculation
99FTM18. Effects of Wear on the Meshing Contact of method is given for the solution of these frictional
Worm Gearing
effects.
Authors: D. Houser, M. Vaishya and X. Su ISBN: 1--55589--720--7 Pages: 11
Worm gear contact stresses are the major
contributor to worm gear wear and durability 98FTM3. Basic Studies on Fatigue Strength of
failures. In this paper, a combination of loaded Case--Hardened Steel Gear -- Effects of Shot Peening
tests, coordinate measurements, surface reverse and/or Barrelling Processes
engineering and a special finite element method is Authors: S. Hoyashita, M. Hashimoto and K. Seto
employed to study the effect of break--in wear on The paper presents testing results on the effects of
meshing contact between the mating surfaces of a barrelling finishing processon the fatiguestrength
worm gearing parts. Three different wheel tooth of shot peened, carburized and carbo--nitrided
geometries are investigated in this paper. gears. The enhancement of surface durability
ISBN: 1--55589--756--8 Pages: 11 rating especially after performing post--peening
operations to improve the surface finish was
99FTMS1. Modeling and Measurement of Sliding extensively evaluated and is discussed, along with
Friction for Gear Analysis shot peened bending fatigue.
Authors: M. Vaishya and D.R. Houser ISBN: 1--55589--721--5 Pages: 9
This student paper discusses background studies 98FTM4. Effect of Uncontrolled Heat Treat Distortion
needed for the prediction of sliding resistance on on the Pitting Life of Ground, Carburized and
gear teeth. Various elastohydrodynamic and mixed Hardened Gears
lubrication theories for coefficient of traction are Author: A.K. Rakhit
examined. These theories are evaluated with The amount of grinding to correct uncontrolled
respect to experimental results from two--disk tests distortion produced during the carburizing and
for several parameters that simulate the hardening process can result in a reduction of the
continuously varying properties during gear surface hardness of the tooth flanks and ultimately
engagement. Based on the comparison of decreased pitting life of the gear teeth. The results
theoretical predictions and test results on a spur present an evaluation that yields pitting life derating
gear pair, the lubrication models are evaluated, with factors as a function of hardnessversus case depth
special emphasis being placed on the dynamic gradient and severity of distortion for a number of
modeling of friction. materials.
98FTM5. Low Vibration Design of a Helical Gear Pair
Author: K. Umezawa
1998 PAPERS The paper presents recent findings dealing with
tooth surface modifications that can be
98FTM1. A Method for Predicting the Dynamic Root implemented to realize quiet running, low vibration
Stresses of Helical Gear Teeth helical gear sets. The investigation looked at the
Authors: D.R. Houser and J. Harianto effects of tooth deviations and modifications on
The AGMA dynamic factor has traditionally been performance that are based upon bias--in and
treated as a ”dynamic” load factor where tooth load bias--out observations. Experimental results
is the sum of all the tooth forces that are applied indicate that there is an asymmetrical feature in the
along the plane of action at any instant of time. relation between vibration magnitude and direction
Knowing the total load, however, says little about of each deviation of a gear pair in mesh.
the degree of load sharing or the load position on a ISBN: 1--55589--723--1 Pages: 13
tooth where the dynamic load is a maximum. The 98FTM6. Calibration of Master Gears on Coordinate
paper describes a method that merges the Measurement Machines
capabilities of sophisticated load distribution and Authors: B. Cox, B. Rasnick, B. Adkins and E. Walker
dynamic excitation routines with a time domaingear Primary--level calibration of master gears requires
dynamics simulation. The effects of tooth surface quantifying the measurement uncertainty of a three

dimensional surfacein space by a method thatdoes employing various lubricant types and material
not rely on a transfer comparison. The paper combinations.
describes a measurement composition method ISBN: 1--55589--728--2 Pages: 8
developed at NIST and ORMC that is used to
determine the uncertainty of each component of the 98FTM11. Current Technologies of P/M Gearing
Authors: S. Haye and G. Moore
measurement task.
ISBN: 1--55589--724--X Pages: 18
Powder metallurgy gears have offered a cost
effective, near net shape alternative to wrought
steel gears, but buyers had to be content with a
98FTM7. Checker of 3D Form Accuracy of Hypoid & sacrifice in quality and performance. Improvement
Bevel Gear Teeth for the New Generation of Quality efforts have focused on P/M tool geometry and
Control better control of the P/M process. The paper
Authors: A. Kubo, Y. Saito, S. Kato, N. Kondo, and N. discusses the recent efforts to improve gear quality
Aoyama without forfeiting the P/M cost advantage -- through
Knowing the three dimensional geometry of bevel secondary gear tooth finishing processes.
gear teeth is critical to evaluating manufacturing ISBN: 1--55589--729--0 Pages: 7
processes and ultimately performance. The paper
discusses advancements made to design and 98FTM12. Gear Refurbishment, An Economical
produce a practical and reliable gear checker that Approach for Aerospace Overhaul and Repair
can measure parameters such as the tooth profile Authors: A. Meyer and T. Johnson
curve and tooth lead curve. The paper describes a successful program that is
ISBN: 1--55589--725--8 Pages: 13 being deployed to re--work power reduction and
accessory gears used in Coast Guard helicopter
transmissions. The development and
98FTM8. Evaluation of Wear, Scuffing and Pitting implementation of the critical stages of this process
Capacity of Gear Lubricants -- incoming inspection and evaluation, special
Authors: K. Michaelis, B.--R. Höhn and P. Oster
machining techniques, qualification testing and
For maximum energy savings, low viscosity
final certification -- are discussed.
lubricants are frequently used. The trend toward ISBN: 1--55589--730--4 Pages: 19
increased transmitted power has lead to higher
operating temperatures, resulting in thinner
lubricating films. New test methods are described 1997 PAPERS
that have been developed which use modified FZG
test rigs to evaluate low speed wear, scuffing and 97FTM1. Calibration of Gear Measuring Instruments
pitting. Test results on various lubricants are and Their Application to the Inspection of Product
discussed. Gears
ISBN: 1--55589--726--6 Pages: 10 Authors: B.L. Cox and R.E. Smith
Discusses the instrument conditions, alignment
98FTM9. Studies on Improvement of Surface and calibration requirements for measurement to
Durability of Case--Carburized Steel Gear -- Effects of meet accuracy specifications of today’s product
Surface Finish Processes upon Oil Film Formation gears. Also offers guidelines for the alignment of
Authors: M. Hashimoto, S. Hoyashita and J. Iwata instrument elements such as centers, ways and
The results of an extensive test program conducted probe systems; and the application of gear artifacts
to analyze the effects of surface finish to determine instrument calibration, including the
enhancements on the formation of gear mesh oil determination of measurement uncertainty.
films of surfacehardenedgears arediscussed. The ISBN: 1--55589--695--2 pages: 67
useof an electric resistance method fordetermining
97FTM2. Determining Sound Power Levels of
conditions of oil film formation relative to changes in
Enclosed Gear Drives Using the Sound Intensity
tooth profile, crowning and surface roughness are
Method
evaluated.
Author: C. Burriss
ISBN: 1--55589--727--4 Pages: 9
Presents highlights of a practical case study
illustrating how sound power level data was used to
98FTM10. Local Coefficients of Friction in Worm Gear validate a design improvement of an enclosed
Contacts drive. The practical use of sound intensity
Authors: K. Steingröver and B.--R. Höhn measurements for the determination of enclosed
Because the friction conditions of worm gears drive sound power under full load is compared with
cannot be determined directly, a special three disk ANSI/AGMA 6025--C90 methods. Also reviews
test rig was designed to simulate the contact important characteristics of the measurement
conditions for discrete points along the contactlines environment.
of a worm gear. The results are presented of tests ISBN: 1--55589--696--0 pages: 7

97FTM3. Detection of Fatigue Cracks in Gears with stress in the tooth root of internal gear rims used in
the Continuous Wavelet Transform planetary drives. This method includes the effects
Authors: D. Boulahbal, M.F. Golnaraghi and F. Ismail of the gear rime design and mounting, which is
In the past, traditional machinery condition essential in almost all cases. Also proposes a
monitoring and gear fault detection focused either practical calculation method using generalized
on time or frequency domain vibration analysis. stress concentration factors, which has been tested
The sensitivity of the newly developed wavelet by actual measurements on planetary gearing.
transform technique allows the user to look at the ISBN: 1--55589--701--0 pages: 10
evolution in time of a vibration signal’s frequency
97FTM8. New Guidelines for Wind Turbine
content for fatigue crack detection. Paper Gearboxes
compares this new technique against more Authors: R.L. Errichello and B. McNiff
conventional methods. Collectively, mush has been learned about the
ISBN: 1--55589--697--9 pages: 6
unique operation and gear unit loading in wind
97FTM4. Measurement and Predictions of Plastic turbine applications. This paper will present an
Gear Transmission Errors with Comparison to the overview of AGMA/AWEA 921-- A97,
Measured Noise of Plastic and Steel Gears Recommended Practices for Design and
Authors: L. Liauwnardi, D.R. Houser and A. Luscher Specification of Gearboxes for Wind Turbine
This paper takes transmission error and sound Generator Systems. This Information Sheet is
pressure level measurements of plastic gear sets, dedicated to procurement specifications, quality
and compares them to experimental static assurance, design, manufacturing, lubrication,
transmission measurements and computer maintenance and other subjects related to reliable
predictions. Also compares transmission error and wind turbine gear unit applications.
sound pressure levels of plastic gears with large ISBN: 1--55589--702--9 pages: 5
deflections and steel gears of similar geometries. 97FTM9. Relations Between Wear and Pitting
ISBN: 1--55589--698--7 pages: 11 Phenomena in Worm Gears
Author: M. Octrue
97FTM5. Improved Finite Element Model for
Describes the influence of different parameters
Calculating Stresses in Bevel and Hypoid Gear Teeth
(geometry, contact pattern, contact pressure,
Authors: L.E. Wilcox, T.D. Chimner and G.C. Nowell
sliding velocity, etc.) on the wear andpitting of worm
When spiral bevel and hypoid gear results are
gearing. The paper proposes new criteria for
compared with the predicted fillet strain of a three
comparing capacity of different worm gear
dimensional tooth model with experimental strain
geometries to predict performance. In addition, it
gage data using H--adaptive and P--adaptive finite
discusses the prediction of wear and pitting
element theory, preliminary results indicate
behavior based on experimental results with long
agreement within 10%. This paper discusses
endurance test measurements.
refinement in tooth support regions, and a precise ISBN: 1--55589--703--7 pages: 8
model that correctly predicts the range of strain
from tensile to compressive values as the gear 97FTM10. UltraSafe Gear Systems for Critical
teeth roll through mesh. Applications -- Initial Development
ISBN: 1--55589--699--5 pages: 11 Authors: R.J. Drago, A.D. Sane, F.W. Brown
This paper presents a basic paradigm shift required
97FTM6. On the Location of the Tooth CriticalSection to design and develop ultra--safe power
for the Determination of the AGMA J --Factor transmission gears. It also describes the initial
Authors: J.I. Pedrero, C. García--Masiá and A. Fuentes results of a new program that developed a set of
Describes a modification to the AGMA J--factor guidelines to improve the fail--safe operation of
definition for determining the point of maximum root helicopter transmissions, while not affecting either
bending stress. The condition where the Navier’s the required performance or weight characteristics.
stress is maximum, defined by the point of ISBN: 1--55589--704--5 pages: 22
intersection of the root trochoid and the thinnest
parabola containing a point of the trochoid, is used. 97FTM11. Non--Dimensional Characterization of
The occurrence on its involute as well as in the root Gear Geometry, Mesh Loss and Windage
Author: J.P. Barnes
trochoid with a non--iterative calculation is also
New relationships for involute spur gear geometry
covered.
ISBN: 1--55589--700--2 pages: 7 are introduced and integrated with new methods of
correlating lubricant traction and windage test data.
97FTM7. Bending Load on Internal Gears of Planetary Compact math models for lubricant density and
Gear Sets viscosity under contact pressure are proposed. A
Authors: H. Linke and C. Jahn modern approach to dimensional analysis is
This paper presents the results of investigations introduced to characterize lubricant traction data
regarding a more precise determination of bending and gear windage data with dimensionless terms

which apply to gear systems which may have a reduced noise level by 18 decibels, reduced
configuration and/or size different from those vibration 50% and increase operated torque
tested. Finally, system considerations for optimal capacity.
gearbox efficiency are proposed. ISBN: 1--55589--709--6 pages: 15
ISBN: 1--55589--705--3 pages: 12
97FTMS1. Coordinate Measurement and Reverse
97FTM12. Introduction of a Jobbing System for Bevel Engineering of ZK Type Worm Gearing
and Hypoid Gears Authors: X. Su and D.R. Houser
Author: H.J. Stadtfeld A comprehensive model for the measurement,
The paper describes a new manufacturing system inspection, performance prediction and reverse
that enables the flexibility to produce bevel and engineering of ZK type of worm gearing is
hypoid gears of any size and specification, developed. The measurements and the best fit
including gear sets produced on old equipment with processesbothfor thewormthread and for the gear
different cutting methods, with an extremely low tooth flank are discussed in detail. A CMM
investment. This system includes a new PC measurement strategy free of tip compensation
program that performs calculations of tooth contact which applies to many types of tools and partsin the
analysis, ease off and machine settings, and a gear industry is proposed. A real case of ZK type of
newly developed carbide tool skiving process. worm gearing with the parabolic profile modification
ISBN: 1--55589--706--1 pages: 13 on the hob is studied to illustrate the reverse
engineering process.
97FTM13. Three Innovations Advance the Science of ISBN: 1--55589--710--X pages: 14
Shot Peening
Authors: J.S. Eckersley and T.J. Meister
Three recent innovations have been developed to 1996 PAPERS
extend the effective shot peening state of the art to
prolong the fatigue life of gears: 1) a process that 96FTM1. A Computer Based Approach Aimed at
provides a smooth surface after peening to Reproducing Master Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Pinions
increase the resistance to surface fatigue; 2) a and Gears
computer program that makes a reasonable Authors: C. Gosselin, Y. Shiono, T. Nonaka and
prediction of residual stress curves, and 3) a A. Kubo
coupon system that makes actual x--ray diffraction In the spiral bevel and hypoid gear manufacturing
curves to monitor production shotpeening possible. industry, master pinions and gears are usually
ISBN: 1--55589--707--X pages: 10 developed from initial machine settings obtained
97FTM14. Refinements in Root Stress Predictions or from computer software, which are then developed
Edges of Helical Gear Teeth from initial machine settings obtained from
Authors: A. Dziech and D.R. Houser computer software, which are then modified until a
Presents an analysis method for high power density satisfactory bearing pattern is obtained, as ”the
gear units, where load distribution is critical. target tooth flank form” to compensate for heat
Compares this method with the combination of treatment distortions and to consider lapping
Wellauer--Seireg moment image with two cannot be accounted for by existing computer
dimensional boundary element analysis, three software.
dimensional finite element analysis, and
experimental results for tooth root bending Once a satisfactory combination of master pinion
stresses. This new prediction method considers and gear is obtained, their actual tooth surfaces
the changes in stiffness in the normal plane and may not correspond to those of the theoretical
edge effects of helical gear teeth. model. In this case, corrective machine settings
ISBN: 1--55589--708--8 pages: 9 calculated from the measurement of the production
tooth flanks by a Coordinate Measuring Machine
97FTM15. Design, Generation, Stress Analysis and are applicable only in relation to the actual target
Test of Low--Noise, Increased Strength Face --Milled tooth flank measurement data, as the theoretical
Spiral Bevel Gears tooth flank definition is unknown.
Authors: F.L. Litvin, A.G. Wang, Z. Henry,
R.F. Handschuh and D.G. Lewicki This paper presents a computer based approach
This paper discusses the design of modified used to find the machine settings producing a
geometry face milled spiral bevel gears with theoretical tooth surface closest to that of a
uniform and taperedteeth, based on the application measured surface, which incidentally can be the
of specially developed machine tool settings. target tooth flank, in order to effectively use
Optimization of the geometry to reduce corrective machine settings in reference to the
transmission errors and produce the desired theoretical surface.
contact ellipse was developed and tested, which ISBN: 1--55589--668--5 pages: 10

96FTM2. The New Way of Manufacturing Bevel and To calibrate the master gears of industry, PTB uses
Hypoid Gears in a Continuous Process coordinate measuring machines which are
Author: H. Stadtfeld traceable by instrument--specific calibration
Much attention has been paid to face hobbing in the methods. With the aid of the PTB’s primary
last decade. The CNCtechnology made a quantum standards, a task specific uncertainty of
step in this period which was beneficial especially measurement is determined for all gearing
for the continuous bevel gear cutting process. calibrations carried out for industry, which is taken
Parallel to the CNC technology a new method of into account as a correction value when the transfer
face hobbing was subsequently developed and is measurement uncertainty is stated.
introduced today as the different and new way of ISBN: 1--55589--671--5 pages: 6
face hobbing. The basis is a new gear theoretical
approach to design the blank geometry, the ease off 96FTM5. Differential Crowning: A New Weapon
and the tooth contact. The tools are different in Against Gear Noise and Dynamic Load
design than regular cutting blades and enable a Authors: M. Wyeth and W. Rouverol
high economical procedure of roughing and As the power density of gear sets increases, mesh
finishing in one chucking. The process kinematic deflections increase, and the variations in those
was completely redesigned, benefitting from the deflections, which result primarily from mesh
free form concept of today’s cutting machines. All stiffness variation, become increasingly significant.
the aspects of precision, flexibility and economy
make the new face hobbing also popular for the To minimize these undesirable effects, designers of
gearbox manufacturer and jobber. power train gear pairs have traditionally specified
ISBN 1--55589--669--3 pages: 11 various forms of profile modification, the most
common of which is tip and/or root relief.
96FTM3. Noise Reduction Through Generated
Engagement Relief Modification A new system of modifications has been devised
Authors: W. Kieß and S. Price that substantially eliminates mesh stiffness
For years, the international gear manufacturing variations throughout the entire engagement angle
industry has been pushing machine manufacturers regardless of what torque load is being transmitted.
to develop an economical realizable tooth flank By substantially eliminating gear noise and
modification that is madein contact direction, with a dynamic increment, the new modifications make it
soft transfer from the modified to unmodified possible to replace costly helical gear sets with
sections of the tooth. better performing spur sets in many applications.
This new system of modifications is described and
To meet these demands, Höflerhas developed, and confirmatory test results are reported.
is already implementing, Generated Engagement ISBN: 1--55589--672--3 pages: 4
Relief Modifications. The tooth flank is modified at
the areas of engagement only as apposed to the 96FTM6. The F --22 AMAD Gear Drive Optimization of
entire tooth flank as is the case with conventional Resonance Characteristics by Detuning, Coulomb
modifications. The paper discusses the Damping & Damped Force Response Analyses
advantages of this new technology over Author: R. Drago, F. Brown, A. Sane, and D. Stremick
conventional modifications and discusses how to Finite element analyses were performed during
produce generated engagement relief design and development of the F22 AMAD gearbox
modifications. to ensure a design free of damaging resonant
ISBN: 1--55589--670--7 pages: 9 responses withinits operating speedrange. Ideally,
design with respect to resonance characteristics
96FTM4. Traceable Calibration of Master Gears at would have no natural frequencies within the
PTB operating speed range. However, the wide speed
Author: W. Beyer range (from 1445 to 17931 rpm) combined with the
The PTB (Physikalisch - Technische weight and geometric constraints imposed by the
Bundesanstalt) is able to measure (calibrate) application (the F--22 is an advanced technology,
master gears for industry traceable to national gear next generation, fighter aircraft) made it impossible
standards and in compliance with the International to attain thisgoal directly in the F--22 AMAD design.
System of Units (SI).
This paper discusses the overall analytical
For this purpose primary gear standards and approach, analytical methods and evaluation of
standard measuring devices for the reference gear response to achieve acceptable accessory
values F, Fß, Fó (total profile deviation, total helix gear designs. Design modifications, including
deviation, total cumulative pitch deviation) are developments in the modeling techniques required
available. to accommodate theunique characteristicsof these
relatively small (compared to the usual helicopter

main power gear) gears are also discussed. Test accepted rating methods for bearing and seal
and analytical results are also presented and power loss are introduced into a calculation method
compared. for the evaluation of the oil temperature in the sump
ISBN: 1--55589--673--1 pages: 16 of a gear box. In sample calculations the
possibilities as well as the limits of this thermal
96FTM7. Dynamic Distribution of Load and Stress on rating method is shown.
External Involute Gearings ISBN: 1--55589--675--8 pages: 12
Authors: J. Börner and D. Houser
The influence of additional dynamic loads on the 96FTM9. The Development of a Practical Thermal
distributions of load, flank pressure and tooth root Rating Method for Enclosed Gear Drives
stress are shown. The additional dynamic loads Author: A. Phillips
excited by the variations of mesh stiffness and This thermal rating method balances thesum of the
influenced by tooth deviations and modifications load--independent losses and the load--dependent
are calculated and used as input for the calculation losses against the heat dissipation capability of the
of the distributions of load and stresses in theplane gear case. Empirical factors are determined which
of action. Very efficient calculations areobtained by calibrate the calculations against the test results for
using specially developed calculation algorithms. assembled gear reducers. The results of this
An extensive graphic presentation of the calculation calculation method are compared to the test results
results is included. The same connection of the from 251 gear reducer tests. In addition, since
calculation of load distribution with thecalculation of losses are calculated, this method can be used to
dynamic loads is also possible in principle on the calculate the efficiency of the gear drive for the
basis of very similar programs (LDP & DYTEM) operating conditions.
developed at the Ohio State University. ISBN: 1--55589--676--6 pages: 8
The calculation results are compared with dynamic 96FTM10. Scuffing Resistance of Vehicle
loads and transmission errors measured on test Transmission Gears
rigs in the gear lab at the Ohio State University. Authors: F. Joachim and H. Collenberg
ISBN: 1--55589--674--X pages: 12 In many transmission types, the lubricant fulfills
other functions apart from lubricating the gearing,
96FTM8. Thermal Rating of Gear Drives Balance for example in friction elements (synchronizer unit,
Between Power Loss and Heat Dissipation clutch) in vehicle transmissions, or as a hydraulic
Authors: B. Höhn, K. Michaelis, and T. Vollmer fluid (torque converter, retarder, steering system).
From the balance between the generated heat in a The modern trends are now high contact ratio
gearbox and the dissipated heat from the gearcase gearing as well as theuse of low viscosity lubricants
surface the mean value for the expected lubricant to reduce churning losses. Therefore, at the gear
temperature can be evaluated. The maximum oil design and lubricant additive stages, compromises
temperature in a splash lubricated enclosed gear are now necessary which require the most precise
drive limits the transmittable power. High oil information possible on scuffing resistance of the
temperatures influence wear, scuffing, micropitting gearing and lubricant.
and pitting load capacity of the gears as well as the
gear oils’ service life. It will be demonstrated that the normal test
procedures for determining scuffing resistance are
Experimental investigations of no--load and load not suitable for lubricant classification for vehicle
dependent gear losses in cylindrical and bevel transmissions (GL 4 and GL 5). By reducing the
gears as a function of lubricant type and viscosity, tooth width as well as doubling the speed, the
load, speed and temperature are reported. The scuffing test to DIN 51354 standards wasincreased
mean value for the coefficient of friction in a gear in severity to such an extent, that the parameters
meshis evaluated and compared to measurements necessary for transmission dimensioning could be
in twin disk machines. A rating method for gear determined for even higher scuffing resistant oils.
mesh power loss is derived. The oil data necessary for sufficient scuffing
resistance will be shown for different transmission
Investigations, using model and actual gear boxes, design types.
show the influence of radiation, free and forced
connection as well as conduction to the foundation A process is presented, in which scuffing resistance
on the heat dissipation from the gear case surface. is calculated for every point on the tooth flank,
The influence of design, size, air velocity, surface based on the ”flash temperature method”, and
finish of the housing, etc., is reported. taking all variations and corrections into account. It
will be demonstrated with practical examples, that,
The results of such investigations together with as early as the design stage, this method can be

used to detect flank areas at risk, and to eliminate above globoidal wormgear drives are studied by
them with a specific correction design. computerized simulation for numerical examples.
ISBN: 1--55589--677--4 pages: 8 ISBN: 1--55589--679--0 pages: 15
96FTM11. DIN 3996: A New Standard for Calculating

the Load Capacity of Worm Gears 1995 PAPERS
Authors: B Höhn and K. Steingröver
During the last years the load capacity of worm 95FTM1. Detection of Hidden Runout
gears was raised about 30%. The reasons for this Authors: Robert Smith, Irving Laskin and Dan Bailey
are the introduction of synthetic oils, optimization of There is a gear geometry variation, called “hidden
the worm gear geometry and manufacturing runout”, which resembles runout in it’s effect on
improvements. The forthcoming new standard DIN transmission error and the resulting vibration, noise
3996 ”Calculation of load capacity of cylindrical and positional accuracy of a drive train, but which is
worm gear pairs” takes into account these not revealed in the standard runout measurements
developments. This standard contains the by ball--check or double flank composite testing.
following load capacity limits: wear, pitting, tooth This paper describes this often unrecognized
breakage, temperature and worm deflection. Also, inspection methods than can be used to illustrate
efficiency was taken into consideration. In most the manufacturing and inspection issues.
ISBN: 1--55589--649--9 Pages: 10
cases the calculation methods are based on results
of recent investigations, which were performed on
95FTM2. Separation of Runout from Elemental
worm gear test rigs at the FZG. In the case of wear,
Inspection Data
pitting and tooth breakage test results and their
Authors: Irving Laskin and Ed Lawson
influence on DIN 3996 are shown. Runout due to eccentricity influences index, pitch
and profile inspection data for spur and helical and
The calculation method for wear resistance is profile inspection data for spur and helical gears
based on the fact that the wear intensity of a and tooth alignment inspection data for helical
material/lubricant combination is a function of the gears. This paper reviews the numerical procedure
lubricant film thickness and the lubricant structure. used with index and pitch data to determine the
The main influence parameter on pitting resistance magnitude and direction of the runout. It re--plots
is the Hertzian stress. For tooth root strength the the inspection data with runout influence removed.
calculation method is based on a nominal shear This new numerical procedure is effective in the
stress theory, in case of worm deflection on the presence of such tooth geometry features as slope
deflection curve of a cylindrical shaft. variation (e.g., pressure angle variation in profile
and helix angle variation in tooth alignment),
The application of this new standard for gears in non--linearity (e.g., tip relief in profile and crown in
practice is discussed by recalculating some tooth alignment), and waviness. The numerical
examples. procedure is shown for index, pitch and profile
ISBN: 1--55589--678--2 pages: 14 inspection data taken from a test gear (also see
AGMA 93FTM6).
ISBN: 1--55589--650--2 Pages: 15
96FTM12. An Investigation of Globoidal Wormgear
Drives 95FTM3. The Effect of Manufacturing Errors on the
Author: N. Chen Predicted Dynamic Factors of Spur Gears
This paper investigates the following present Authors: Jonny Harianto and Donald Houser
globoidal wormgear drives: (1) original and This paper studies the effect of manufacturing
modified Hindley wormgear drives; (2) Wildhaber errors on predicted dynamic factors of spur gears.
wormgear drive with inclined plane teeth of Three dynamic factors are defined and studied:
wormgear; (3) inclined plane and cone enveloping dynamic load factors, dynamic tooth force factors,
globoidal wormgear drives; (4) plane, cone and and dynamic bending moment factors. Three
inverted cone enveloping globoidal wormgear computer programs for predicting dynamics are
drives based on Sakai’s theory. Meanwhile, a new discussed; a forced vibration analysis using six
approach for generation of Hindley wormgearing, degrees of freedom, a multi--degree Dynamic
and plane and cone enveloping globoidal Transmission Error Program (DYTEM) using a six
wormgear drives is developed in this paper. degree of freedom model, and a Geared Rotor
Contact lines, dual and single contact ratios, Dynamics Program that uses a finite element
relative curvature radii, meshing angles between method. Using experimental data provided by
tangents of contactlines andrelative velocities, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration the
sliding ratios of wormgear tooth surfaces of the DYTEM program is used for dynamic factors

prediction. The effects of AGMA 10, 12 and 14 amplitude levels of these vibrations and their
profile tolerances are shown. harmonics exceed a certain limit, the life of these
ISBN: 1--55589--651--0 Pages: 12 bearings is significantly reduced. To reduce the
vibrations from the dynamic eccentricity of ring
95FTM4. An Experimental Test Stand to Measure gears and splined couplings the design is changed.
Loaded Transmission Error in Fine--Pitch Plastic ISBN: 1--55589--655--3 Pages: 7
Gears
Authors: Sivakumar Sundaresan, David Castor and 95FTM7. Experimental and Analytical Assessment of
Kenneth Price the Thermal Behavior of Spiral Bevel Gears
This paper describes an experimental test stand to Authors: Robert Handschuh and Thomas Kicher
measure transmission error in fine--pitch gears. It An experimental and analytical study of spiral bevel
covers the importance of transmission error control gears operating in an aerospace environment has
in office equipment. Transmission error is been performed. Tests were conducted within a
computed by measuring the phase difference closed loop test stand at 537 kW (720 hp) and
between the driver shaft and the driven shaft using 14400 rpm. The effects of various operating
optical encoders. The test stand has a variable conditions on spiral bevel gear steady state and
operating center distance and shaft alignment in transient temperature are presented. A
both parallel and skewdirections. Resultsshow the three--dimensional analysis of the thermal behavior
effects of gear elemental errors, transmitted load, was conducted using a nonlinear finite element
and shaft misalignment on transmission error in analysis computer code. The analysis was
fine--pitch plastic gears. compared to the experimental results. The results
ISBN: 1--55589--652--9 Pages: 9 agreed within 10 percent.
ISBN: 1--55589--656--1 Pages: 19
95FTM5. The Surface Fatigue Life of Contour
Induction Hardened AISI 1552 Gears 95FTM8. Miner’s Rule -- A More Definitive Approach
Authors: Dennis Townsend, Alan Turza, and Mike Author: Al Meyer
Chaplin ANSI/AGMA 2001--B88, Appendix B presents the
Two groups of spur gears manufactured from two fundamental method for evaluating Miner’s Rule.
different materials and heat treatment were To analyze the load spectrum, stress values are
endurance tested for surface fatigue life. One calculated for a given load and then modified using
group was manufactured from AISI 1552 and was “ K ” or “ C” factors. When computing the stresses for
finished ground then dual frequency contour other points, the stress values are usually simply
hardened and the second was CEVM AISI 9310 ratioed rather than recomputing the stresses using
carburized hardened then finished ground. The new “ K ” and “ C” for each point. In this paper, the
gear pitch diameter was 8.89 cm (3.5 in.). Test effect of using a dynamic andload distribution factor
conditions were at maximum Hertz stress of 1.71 for each load point is evaluated and compared with
GPa (248 ksi) and a speed of 10 000 RPM. The the simple ratioing approach. Comparisons are
lubricant used for the tests was a synthetic made for various applications.
paraffinic oil with an additive package. The results ISBN: 1--55589--657--X Pages: 6
showed that surface fatigue life of the contour
hardened AISI 1552 was 1.7times that of AISI 9310 95FTM9. Bending and Compressive Stress Analysis
gears. of External Helical Gearsets of Varying Contact Ratios
ISBN: 1--55589--654--5 Pages: 9 Author: David Wenthen
In an attempt to better understand how the
95FTM6. Development of an Epicyclic Gearbox for durability of a helical gearset is affected by changes
Reduced Sub--Synchronous Vibrations in Gas in profile ( mP ) and face contact ratio ( mF ), an
Turbo--Generator Sets analytical investigation was done in which mP was
Author: A. Rakhit varied. Thirty--two combinations were studied in
In star epicyclic gearboxes, low frequency total. The gears were modeled using the hybrid
subsynchronous (below turbine speed) vibrations finite element computational method Contact
can be predominant. Turbo--generator gear unit Analysis Programming Package (CAPP), of
testing shows that these low frequency vibrations Advanced Numerical Solutions. The results of this
may occur even when the rotating components are analysis suggest that for a given level of face
balanced precisely. In star epicyclic gearboxes of contact ratio, an advantage in bending and
Stoeckicht design, splined couplings between the compressive stress exists at the mP =2.1 level over
ring gears and output shaft areused to float the ring all of the others considered. Increasing both mP
gears for load sharing. The sub--synchronous and mF had the effect of smoothing out the bending
vibrations that arise from such components are and compressive stresses when viewed as a
transmitted along with the mesh frequency function of roll angle.
vibrations to the turbine rotor bearings. When the ISBN: 1--55589--658--8 Pages: 10

95FTM10. Efficiency of High Contact Ratio Planetary the powder metallurgy process are examined,
Gear Trains along with the challenges facing the industry.
Author: John Colbourne ISBN: 1--55589--662--6 Pages: 12
A new method is described for calculating the
efficiency of planetary gear trains. An example, 95FTM14. Study of Effect of Machining Parameters
showing how themethod can be applied to the case on Performance of Worm Gears
Authors: Anand Narayan, Donald Houser and
of a fixed differential gear train is given.
ISBN: 1--55589--659--6 Pages: 8
Sandeep Vijayakar
This paper studies the effect of machining
parameters on the performance of worm gears
95FTM11. Feature--Based Definition of Bevel Gears using a special purpose finite element technique.
Author: Robert E. Brown
Algorithms are presented to determine the worm
The complex shape of a bevel gear tooth surface
and gear geometries by simulating the grinding
must be defined mathematically for the CMM, but
action of the grinding wheel and cuttingactionof the
the mathematical definition tends to be difficult for
hob. Results are presented delineating the effect of
direct use in gear design and manufacture. The
machiningparameter such as thehob oversize, hob
mathematical definition may be condensed into a
swivel angle, profile modification etc., on
“feature-- based” definition which is more
performance parameters such as the contact
convenient for gear design and manufacture. The
location and size, stresses and transmission error
feature--based definition may easily be described
of worm gears.
on the engineering drawings and toleranced. ISBN: 1--55589--663--4 Pages: 9
Development and application of the feature--based
definition is described. 95FTMS1. Determination of the Dynamic Gear
ISBN: 1--55589--660--X Pages: 10 Meshing Stiffness of an Acetal Copolymer
Author: Connie P. Marchek
95FTM12. Flank Modifications in Bevel Gears Using a The objective of this work was to determine the
Universal Motion Concept dynamic gear meshing stiffness of an acetal
Author: Hermann Stadtfeld copolymer (plastic). The torsional resonant speed
The use of free form bevel gear generators was of an operating gear pair was determined
limited by the processes currently available to cut experimentally. Using the theoretical model, it was
bevel and hypoid gears with face cutter heads. possible to determine the dynamic gear meshing
Since a free form cutting or grinding machine has stiffness from the experimental resonant speed and
three rotational and three linear freedoms it is compare it to the values calculated from available
possible to perform all possible relative movements empirical formulas.
between the cutter and the work during the ISBN: 1--55589--653--7 Pages: 34
generation process. The universal motion concept
is applied to axes of the basic gear generation
model only. It allows each of them to change the 1994 PAPERS
setting during the generation process according a
higher order function. This approach enables a free 94FTM1. Fatigue Analysis of Shafts for Marine
form gear machine to produce an entire variety of Gearboxes
modifications to the flank surfaces. Author: E. William Jones, Anying Shen and Robert E.
ISBN: 1--55589--661--8 Pages: 10 Brown
Designs are presented for the design of shafts for
marine gearboxes, which may include the effects of
95FTM13. Powder Metallurgy Gears -- Expanding
torsional vibration. The influence of the vibratory
Opportunities
torque on the values of shaft diameter and safety
Authors: W. Brian James and Howard Sanderow
factor is discussed. Use of the Finite Element
Powder metallurgy (P/M) is a precision metal
Method to evaluate unknown stress concentration
forming technology for producing simple or
factors is illustrated. A program for the design of
complex parts to net shape or near net shape with
shafts, which are subjected to fatigue, has been
little, if any machining. The mechanical properties
developed.
of P/M materials are a direct function of density, ISBN: 1--55589--635--9 Pages: 14
composition, and microstructure. A systems
approach to material and process selection permits 94FTM2. An Analytical Method for the Calculation of
the development of a microstructure suitable for the the Efficiency of Planetary Gears
intended application. The technology as related to Author: Michel Pasquier and Pierre Foucher
gear design and applications is reviewed. New Presents a synthesis of an analytical method for the
materials and process technologies are reviewed calculation of the efficiency of simple or compound
for the comparability of P/M steel gears with cast or planetary gear trains based on fundamental
wrought steel. The strengths and weaknesses of formulae. It is intended to improve the accuracy of

the rating of the efficiency of planetary gears to be three analysis techniques: boundary elements,
included in a calculation of the thermal capacity. elastic body contact analysis, and the
ISBN: 1--55589--636--7 Pages: 6 moment--image method. The three techniques are
combined to predict the stresses through the mesh
94FTM3. Application of Ausforming to Gear Finishing cycle for both spur and helical gears. Predictions
-- Process, Design and Manufacturability Issues are compared with strain gage results and finite
Author: N. Sonti, A.J. Lemanski and S.B. Rao element modeling. Results present the prediction
Discusses the potential applications of ausform of load distribution factors as a function of
finishing of spur and helical gears, including misalignment, comparing with AGMA factors.
process design and related manufacturability ISBN: 1--55589--640--5 Pages: 8
issues. Examples are presented describing the
flexible tooling arrangements possible to process a 94FTM7. Allowable Surface Compressive Stresses of
variety of gear geometries. Machine design, Gear Teeth Made of Cast Iron, Tempered Carbon
controls and material handling features of the Steels and Tempered Alloy Steels
production--capable double die gear ausform Author: Hirofumi Kotorii
finishing machine currently being built are briefly Load endurance tests were conducted to obtain
described. allowable surface compressive stresses for various
ISBN: 1--55589--637--5 Pages: 7 materials: spheric graphite cast iron, G5502;
carbon steel, G4051 and steel G4502. Load
94FTM4. Load Carrying Capacity of Nitrided Gears endurance tests were conducted, and data
Author: L. Albertin, R.L. Frolich, H. Winter, B.--R. Höhn concerning tooth damage was accumulated. The
and K. Michaelis results of these tests and comparison of the
Investigates the pitting and bending strength of gas durability of the materials are presented.
ISBN: 1--55589--619--7 Pages: 13
nitrided steel gears madeof modified 39CrMoV13.9
(a 3% CrMoV type alloy). Characteristics of the
compound layer and the diffusion zone are 94FTM8. Reference Point, Mesh Stiffness and
examined. Residual stresses in the nitrided case Dynamic Behavior of Solid, Semi--Solid and
are shown after long nitriding times. For bending Thin--Rimmed Spur Gears
Author: Jean Brousseau, Claude Gosselin and Louis
strength, additional damage line investigations
Clotier
were performed. The load carrying capacity of the
Many modelsfor predictingthe dynamic behavior of
modified 39CrMoV13.9 steel is discussed and
gears do not take into account the blank flexibility
compared with other carburized, gas, and ion
and modes of vibration. The paper presents results
nitrided gears.
ISBN: 1--55589--638--3 Pages: 10
for solid, semi--solid and thin rimmed spur gears.
The analysis is made for the natural frequencies,
when finite element models of meshing spur gears
94FTM5. A Special CVT for a New Power Train arereferenced. Results show thata reference point
Concept inside the gear blank yields excellent correlation
Author: B.--R. Höhn and B. Pinnekamp
between the natural frequencies extracted from the
Describes the Autark Hybrid power train vehicle
RD--FT and F.E.A. models.
capable of inner city driving with zero emissionsand ISBN: 1--55589--643--X Pages: 8
also suited to long distance driving. Combines
internal combustion engine (IC engine) and small 94FTM9. Analytical and Experimental Vibration
electric engine. Enables significant reductions of Analysis of a Damaged Gear
fuel consumption at constant power by avoiding the Author: F. Choy, M. Braun, and V. Polyshchuk, J.
partial load operation areas with high specific fuel Zakrajsek, D. Townsend and R. Handschuh
consumption and reducing the engine speed. The Develops a comprehensiveanalyticalprocedure for
new power transmission has a wide range and predicting faults in gear transmission systems. A
continuously variable ratio. The requirements, model is developed to simulate the effects of pitting
principle function and the progress in development and wear on the vibration signal under operating
of the i2--CVT is described, as well as the conditions. The model uses gear mesh stiffness
application in the hybrid power train. changes to simulate the effects of gear tooth faults.
ISBN: 1--55589--639--1 Pages: 7 The predicted results were compared with
experimental results obtained from a spiral bevel
94FTM6. A Boundary Element Procedure for gear fatigue test. The Wigner--Ville Distribution
Predicting Helical Gear Root Stresses and Load (WVD) method applied to the results were
Distribution Factors compared to other fault detection techniques to
Author: M. L. Clapper and D. Houser verify the WVD’s ability to detect the pitting damage
Explores a method to accurately predict gear root and determine relative performance.
stress for parallel axis gears using a combination of ISBN: 1--55589--644--8 Pages: 8

94FTM10. Computerized Design and Generation of problems, such as interference or non--conjugate
Low--Noise Gears With Localized Bearing Contact contact.
Author: F. Litvin, N. Chen, J. Chen and J. Lu ISBN: 1--55589--594--8 Pages: 10
Presents results of research projects directed at
93FTM2. Topological Tolerancing of Worm--Gear
reduction of noise caused by misalignment of
Tooth Surfaces
various gear drives: double--circular arc helical Author: Vadim Kin
gears, modified involute helical gears, face--milled Proposes a method for determining surface
spiral bevel gears and face--milled formate cut deviations of the wormgear tooth that result from
hypoid gears. A parabolic function of transmission cutting edge deviations of the hob used to cut the
errors was developed and successfully tested for a gear. Demonstrates how to obtain tolerance tables
set of spiral bevel gears. The noise was reduced for wormgear tooth profiles from the tolerance
12--18 decibels. The effectiveness of the proposed tables for the corresponding worm threads and hob
approach was investigated by developed TCA cutting edges. (Such tables can be an important
(Tooth Contact Analysis) programs. Manufacturing first step towards a wormgear inspection standard.)
of helical gears with new topology by hobs and ISBN: 1--55589--595--6 Pages: 6
grinding worms was investigated.
ISBN: 1--55589--645--6 Pages: 10 93FTM3. A Rayleigh--Ritz Approach to Determine
Compliance and Root Stresses in Spiral Bevel Gears
94FTM11. Development of Transfer Gear Noise of Using Shell Theory
4X4 Transmission for Recreational Vehicles Authors: Sathya Vaidyanthan, Henry Busby and
Author: Yoshiki Kawasaki Donald Houser
Developed new methods to reduce transfer gear Proposes a mathematical model for predicting
noise, which consisted of gear developments deflections and root stresses in spiral bevel gears.
making use of tooth contact patterns, a new Shows a shell model is more representative of the
regrinding system for shaving cutters, quality spiral bevel tooth geometry as comparedto a beam
control, improvement activities for gear production or plate model. Integrates the compliance
processes, etc. Succeeded in reduction in the computations based on theshell model intoexisting
reject rate from 4.5% to 0.5% and improving the computer codes for bevel gear design to determine
transfer gear noise rating from 4.0--6.0 to 8.0--10.0. the load distribution, transmission error, and root
ISBN: 1--55589--646--4 Pages: 6 stresses on a personal computer. Concludes that
computationally, this procedure is much more
94FTMS1. Computer--Aided Numerical Determination efficient than the finite element method.
of Hofer, Lewis, Niemann and Colbourne Points ISBN: 1--55589--596--4 Pages: 9
Author: Chang H. Park
In rating the bending strength of gear teeth, the 93FTM4. Stress Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gears: A
critical point locatedwhere the fracture occurs must Novel Approach to Tooth Modelling
be determined. Hofer, Lewis, Niemann and Authors: Ch. Rama Mohana Rao and G.
Colbourne use methods to find the point Muthuveerappan
approximately, in which numerical iteration is Proposes a geometrical approach for generating
needed to solve nonlinear one--variable equations tooth surface coordinates of spiral bevel gears.
to find their critical points. This paper presents Demonstrates how this versatile can be adapted,
equations expressed easily and in a similar way for with appropriate modifications, to any type of spiral
finding the critical point as well as the general gear bevel gear. Analyzes various types of spiral bevel
tooth profile equations derived by a vector analysis gears (logarithms, circular cut and zerol types).
method. Position comparison of points was Offers a new procedure, using the
achieved with computer--aided graphical and three--dimensional finite element method, for
numerical output. theoretical determination of exact tooth load
ISBN: 1--55589--642--1 Pages: 17 contact line on the surface of the spiral bevel gear
tooth.
ISBN: 1--55589--597--2 Pages: 14
1993 PAPERS 93FTM5. Optimal Gear Design for Equal Strength

Teeth Using Addendum Modification Coefficients
93FTM1. Undercutting in Worms and Worm --Gears Author: C. H. Suh
Author: John R. Colbourne Defines the addendum modification coefficient
Develops anequationfor worms that canbe used to (shift factor) and explains it in terms of gear design
ensure that there is no undercutting. Explains that terminology. Shows the derivation of two types of
for wormgears, the possibility of undercutting helical gear design equations, one with the true
depends on many variables, andno simple criterion generating shift factor, and the other with an
has been found. Describes procedures for addendum modification factor. Reviews a
checking for undercutting and other potential cantilever beam equation used to design equal

bending strength teeth. Presents a design method, two crack detection methods to describe fatigue
along with numerical examples,to synthesizeequal test characteristics, such as the probable time of
strength teeth between mating a pinion and gear crack initiation, rate of crack propagation, and
that may have different material properties. percent of total fatigue life spent in crack
ISBN: 1--55589--598--0 Pages: 12 propagation phase. Presents the effects of
materials and processing. Shows how crack
93FTM6. Effect of Radial Runout on Element detection can reveal the results of surface finish on
Measurements fatigue.
Authors: I. Laskin, R. E. Smith and E. Lawson ISBN: 1--55589--621--9 Pages: 7
Proposes that radial runout in a gear can contribute
substantially to measured values of variations in 93FTM10. HighSpeed, HeavilyLoadedand Precision
profile, pitch andindex, andin helical gears, to tooth Aircraft Type Epicyclic Gear System Dynamic Analysis
alignment (lead) variations. For each variation, by Using AGMA Gear Design Guidelines Enhanced by
gives the equation that relates the measured value Exact Definition of Dynamic Loads
to the radial runout in an otherwise ideal gear. Authors: K. Buyukataman and K. Kazerounian
Demonstrates the relationship by comparing the Dynamic analysis of reliable, lightweight, high
result of actual measurement with the calculated speed and high power density epicyclic gears
value. Describes how the equations can: aid the requires special effort to predict their maximum
interpretation of gear inspection data and explain power transmitting capacity. Focuses on
differences between measurement methods. single--stage epicyclic gears of this category.
ISBN: 1--55589--599--9 Pages: 16 Presents an overview of key design considerations
with proper application of AGMA standards. Uses a
93FTM7. New Developments in Design, state--of--the--art, elastodynamic simulation that
Manufacturing and Applications of Cylkro-- (Face) responds to input data much as a
Gears fully--instrumented test cell. Demonstrates that an
Authors: Guus Basstein and Anne Sijtstra epicyclic gear system can be a fully reliable aircraft
Calculates and optimizes the geometry of both propulsion component.
Cylkro--gear and pinion, concerning contact ratio, ISBN: 1--55589--622--7 Pages: 19
lines of action and contact. Using F.E.M. analysis
and a load distribution program, adapts the DIN 93FTM11. The Relative Noise Levels of Parallel Axis
3990 (ISO/DIS 6336) calculation methods (for Gears Sets withVarious Contactratiosand Gear Tooth
bending strength and pitting resistance) to include Forms
Cylkro--gear calculations. Tests this method on a Authors: R. J. Drago, J. W. Lenski , R. H. Spencer, M.
back test bench. Valco and F. Oswald
ISBN: 1--55589--619--7 Pages: 12 Describes the design and testing of nine sets of
gears which are as identical as possible except for
93FTM8. Single Flank Testing and Structure--Born their basic tooth geometry. Measures noise at
Noise Analysis various combinations of load and speed for each
Author: Hermann J. Stadtfeld gear set in order to make direct comparisons.
Proposes that testing the running behavior of an Analyzes resultant data, including that gear
installation--ready gearset must take place on bevel geometry is an important parameter for designing
and hypoid gear testers. Describes single flank low weight, high reliability gear systems for aircraft.
generation testing and structure--borne noise ISBN: 1--55589--623--5 Pages15
analysis of gear pairs, based on a highly modern
real-time analysis device for which software was 93FTM12. The Generation of Precision Spur Gears
specially developed for the transmission testing of Through Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
gearsets. Explains the new possibilities and offers Authors: Roderick Kleiss, Jack Kleiss, and Scott
a trouble shooting example. Hoffmann
ISBN: 1--55589--620--0 Pages: 11 Maximizes the accuracy and repeatability of wire
Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM) through
93FTM9. Gear Tooth Bending Fatigue Crack fixturing and controlled cutting methods. Also
Detection by Acoustic Emissions and Tooth optimizes mathematical algorithms for the cutting
Compliance Measurements path. Presents results slowing the verified
Authors: Jeffrey Wheitner, Donald Houser and Craig generation of precise spur gears in pitches ranging
Blazakis from 5 to 41 DP. Demonstrates the advantage of
Presents the results of gear tooth bending fatigue this method, including short lead times (with
tests. Explores whether the combination of two accuracy approaching form ground gears) at a
types of measurement ---- acoustic emissions and competitive cost. Concludes this method is suitable
tooth compliance ---- can help detect cracks early on for producing small to medium lots of accurate spur
(single tooth bending fatigue tests for several gears in any electrically conductive material.
different gear materials were performed). Uses the ISBN: 1--55589--624--3 Pages: 11

93FTM13. CAGE -- Computer Aided Engineering two new methods for grinding face gear tooth
Software surfaces.
Author: Enrico Esposito ISBN: 1--55589--582--4 Pages: 11
Describes CAGE, a UNIX--based set of computer
programs that uses an industry standard, 92FTM3. Reduced Fuel Consumption and Emissions
windows--based graphical user interface for Due to Better Integration of Engine and Transmission
efficient and logical gear design and analysis. Author: B. Höhn
Includes manufacturing data and inspection data. Discusses how better integration of engine and
Highlights special features, including: file folders transmission canhelp reduce fuel consumption and
containing gear--set development information, emissions from combustion. Demonstrates that
multi--window display and processing, international gears with a wider ratio range offer three
language support, connections to manufacturing advantages: 1) reduced enginespeed; 2) improved
andinspection machines, anda field,screenand an acceleration without enlarging the engine; 3)
on--line help facility and user guide. optimal configuration for a new hybrid drive line for
ISBN: 1--55589--625--1 Pages: 14 passenger cars.
ISBN: 1--55589--583--2 Pages: 7
93FTMS1. Spur Gear Bending Strength Geometry
Factors: A Comparison of AGMA and ISO Methods 92FTM4. The Design, Development and Manufacture
Author: E. R. teRaa of Advanced Technology Gearing for Hot Strip Rolling
Presents the necessity of comparing ISO and Mill Applications
AGMA power rating standards. Gives the results of Authors: R. Drago and L. Scott
using computer software to compare the behavior Describes the initiation and process of a program
of the bending geometry factor (J--factor) values for which addresses very large gears (approaching
135 spur--gear meshes. Shows that differences 200 inches in diameter) and a number of pinion
exist between the results given by ISO and AGMA configurations. Configurations range from long,
standards, both in the geometry factor values and integral, solid on--shaft designs to multiple shell
the effects of profile shift (which is of particular pinion designs. Most are carburized and hard
interest). finished; all meet or exceed AGMA Quality Class
ISBN: 1--55589--626--X Pages: 8 10. Presents the general design procedures and
overall implementation of the design and
manufacturing program. Describes the results in
terms of improved mill gear system experience.
1992 PAPERS ISBN: 1--55589--584--0 Pages: 21
92FTM1. Experimental Characterization of Surface 92FTM5. Main Advantages of Non --Involute Spur
Durability of Materials for Worm Gears Gears
Author: M. Octrue and M. Guingand Author: J. Hlebanja
Presents the methodology used for testing Identifies scuffing as the main cause for limiting
materials with a worm gear set--up and with a gear durability in highly loaded and high speed
disc--roller machine. Discusses and analyzes working gears. Notes that the principalway to avoid
several experimental results. Draws a correlation scuffing of tooth flanks is to apply an oil film of
between metallurgical analyses of the structure of sufficient thickness between the mating flanks.
bronzes and experimental observations of Asserts that the shape of the flanks determine the
subsurface cracks. Explains specific method of for curvature radius and sliding velocity. In turn, the
measuring wear and describes results. curvature radius and sliding velocity decisively
ISBN: 1--55589--581--6 Pages: 7 affect the forming of the oil film between flanks.
Proposes that by shaping the line of action properly
92FTM2. Face Gear Drives: Design, Analysis, and results in better gear flank shapes and improved
Testing for Helicopter Transmission Applications durability.
Authors: F. Litvin, J. Wang, R. Bossler, Y. Chen, G. ISBN: 1--555889--585--9 Pages: 6
Heath and D. Lewicki
Examines a variety of topics including tooth 92FTM6. Comparison of Carburized Gear Materials in
generation, limiting inner and outer radii, tooth Pitting
contact analysis, contact ratio, gear eccentricity, Authors: L. Faure, J. Vasseur, and C. Lefleche
grinding and structural stiffness. Shows that the Compares the pitting resistance of five different
face gear drive is relatively insensitive to gear steels commonly used for case carburized gears.
misalignment with respect to transmission error, but Bases the comparison on the test results obtained
that tooth contact is affected by misalignment. on the CETIM gear benches. Describes how the
Explores a method of localizing the bearing contact tests were set up the test results interpreted for
to permit operation with misalignment. Investigates each steel. Draws representative curves of pitting

performance. Describes, in detail, the appearance tooth contact deformation, and initial profile
of these curves and all the deviations encountered. separation due to motion error.
92FTM11. New Findings on the Loading of Plastic

92FTM7. Differences in the Local Stress of the Gear
Spur Gear Teeth
Tooth Root Based on Hobbing Cutters and Pinion
Authors: J. Bessette and H. Yelle
Cutters
Proposes that tooth breakage at the tip of plastic
Authors: H. Linke and J. Börner
gears is the result of interference on the back of the
Proposes that use of a pinion--shaped cutter,
tooth. Provides verification of this interference
instead of a hob, causes differences in tooth root
through experiments. Explains how CAD software
geometry. Asserts that these differences lead to
and plastic gear calculating software can simulate
different stress concentrations in the tooth root.
the kinematics of a gear pair to predict and localize
Uses the Singularity Method for both types of
interference on the back of the tooth.
product to calculate, exactly, tooth root stresses. ISBN: 1--55589--591--5 Pages: 8
Discusses differences in both approaches. Proves
that it is possible to calculate stress concentration 92FTM12. Noise Reduction in a Plastic and Powder
using the stress parameter 2ρFn /sFn (on 30° Metal Gear Set Through Control of “Mean Involute
tangent). Slope”
ISBN: 1--55589--587--5 Pages: 10 Authors: R. Smith and I. Laskin
Recognizes mismatched involute profiles as a
92FTM8. The Role of Reliability for Bearings and cause of tooth meshing noise. Traces a noise
Gears reduction process applied to a consumer product
Author: C. Moyer with a noisy gearset. (Gearset consists of a powder
Details the experimental basis for the relationship metal pinion driving a molded plastic gear.) Notes
between stress (load), life and reliability for that measurements of profiles on both gears
bearings and gears considering the similarity and showed a mismatch of pressure angles. Proposes
differences of their respective systems. Addresses that such a mismatch could be related to “mean
the role of stresslevel and life scatter in terms of the involute slope’. Shows that when the mismatch is
Weibull distribution. Develops the background and reduced, noise components drop to acceptable
equations to calculate reliability factors, as included levels.
in both bearing and gear standards. ISBN: 1--55589--592--1 Pages: 8
ISBN: 1--55589--588--3 Pages: 7
92FTMS1. Spur Gears -- A New Approach to Tooth
Design
92FTM9. Representative Form Accuracy of Gear
Author: B. Srinivasulu
Tooth Flanks on the Prediction of Vibration and Noise
Studies a new spur gear tooth design in which each
of Power Transmission
tooth has a through hole made on its center line
Authors: A. Kubo, T. Nonaka, N. Kato, S. Kato, and T.
Ohmori parallel to the gear axis. Studies the effect of hole
Begins with the premise that gear noise and size and location. Reports that the same load
vibration are troublesome problems in power contact stresses in a hollow--solid mesh are lower
transmission systems. Reviews recent research than that of a solid--solid mesh. Further reports that
that shows accuracy in three dimensional tooth dynamic loads in a hollow--solid meshare the same
flank form, usually represented by tooth form and as that of a solid--solid mesh with the same
tooth lead form, are important factors in noise and damping.
ISBN: 1--55589--593--X Pages: 25
vibration. Discusses investigation into what form
accuracy of gear tooth flank has a good correlation
with gear vibration andnoise, when the scatteringof 1991 PAPERS
accuracy in tooth flank form cannot be avoided.
ISBN: 1--55589--589--1 Pages: 6 91FTM1. CNC Bevel Gear Generatorsand FlaredCup
Formate Gear Grinding
92FTM10. The Influence of the Kinematical Motion Author: T. Krenzer
Error on the LoadedTransmission Error of SpiralBevel Full CNC bevel generators are positioned relatively
Gears between the tooland work with simple mechanisms
Authors: C. Gosselin, L. Cloutier, and Q. Nguyen and electronic controls. As a result, the gear
Presents the basis of a Loaded Tooth Contact engineer has new freedoms for the control of gear
Analysis program predicting the motion error of tooth shapes and contact characteristics. This
spiral bevel gear sets under load. Shows amplitude paper defines the flared cup Formate gear grinding
and shape of the unloaded motion error curve can process and the motions that can be applied to the
affect the kinematical behavior under load. process. Surface comparison charts and tooth
Evaluates the effects of tooth composite deflection, contact analysis are used to demonstrate the

effects of the freedoms. Comparisons of jobs 91FTM6. Comparing Surface Failure Modes in
designed with andwithout themotions areincluded. Bearings And Gears: Appearances versus
ISBN: 1--55589--574--3 Pages: 14 Mechanisms
Author: C. Moyer
Contactfatigue modes are identified over a range of
91FTM2. CNC Technology and New Calculation modified lambda values. Describes failure modes
Methods Permit Efficient System Independent and interprets the wear, fracture and/or fatigue
Manufacturing of Spiral Bevel Gears mechanisms that lead to the failure initiation.
Author: D. Weiner Considering the similarity in appearance of gear
A strictly applied CNC technology on machines for and bearing failure modes in light of the different
cutting or grinding spiral bevel gears allows the relative surface motions and tractions of the two
machining of different gearing systems on one contacts, this comparison helps provide insight into
machine. Based on this, the selection of the most the basic causes of the failures and suggests
favorable gearing system is possible, considering methods to avoid them.
economic issues, load bearing capacity and noise ISBN: 1--55589--603--0 Pages: 13
characteristics.
ISBN: 1--55589--602--2 Pages: 10 91FTM7. Low Cycle and Static Bending Strength of
Carburized and High Hardness Through Hardened
Gear Teeth
91FTM3. High Efficiency Gear Hobbing Author: W. Pizzichil
Authors: G. Ashcroft and B. Cluff Presents a summary of the testing methods
Discusses the design advances of disposable gear employed and the results generated for
cutting tools, specifically those which have unidirectional and reverse bending tests of very
produced the non--resharpenable Wafer hob, the coarse and medium pitch gear teeth. Actual
application of the tools, and the benefits derived measured stresses were compared with FEM
from applying these tools in gear manufacturing. theoretical stresses and AGMA stress numbers.
The concurrent development of hobbing machines The purpose of this testing was to evaluate which
capable of efficiently applying these tool designs is type of hardening method would yield a gear tooth
that could carry the highest load without
also detailed.
ISBN: 1--55589--600--6 Pages: 17
catastrophic breakage failure in a single, or very low
cyclic load application. This testing simulated the
output pinion and a planet gear for a jack--up gear
91FTM4. Low Noise Marine Gears drive used on oil drilling platforms. Three separate
Author: W. Haller tests were conducted over a period of time.
ISBN: 1--55589--604--9 Pages: 15
Reduction gears for frigates, corvettes, destroyers
and submarines have to be reliable, durable, easy
91FTM8. Methods of Statistical Dynamics for the
to maintain, smallin size and as light as possible. In
Calculation of Gear Stress Distribution and its Effect
principle, there are two ways of reducing structure on Gear Failure Probability
borne noise emission of gearboxes: primary and Author: M. Haykin
secondary. This paper deals with primary Theprocess of mostmachine loading has a random
measures, those which tend to eliminate the character which is determined by external variation
generation of noise at its source. and dynamic qualities of the system. Such an
ISBN: 1--55589--601--4 Pages: 13 approach was used to obtain the load spectrum for
gears and the probability of its failure. Analysis and
experiments showed that gain factor for gear is
91FTM5. Machine Tool Condition Monitoring distinguished by the similar parameter of the entire
Author: L.E. Stockline drive system. This is explained by the uniform
Actual production applications of computer distribution of gear stress even for cases of static
assisted Tool Condition Monitoring Systems are loading. Method of gear strength calculation with
reviewed from case studies over the last several the statistical parameter is discussed.
years. New applications are being encouraged by ISBN: 1--55589--613--8 Pages: 10
the aircraft and automotive industries which, due to
the development of new sensors and 91FTM9. Rerating Damaged Naval Ship Propulsion
microprocessor strategy, allow untended Gears
manufacturing. There is a major impact on quality Authors: R. Coblenz and C. Reeves
control, maintenance and machine uptime when When naval ship propulsion gear teeth break, the
tool wear, tool breakage and missing tool or forces affected teeth are ”field dressed”, so that the units
can be accurately measured. can be put back into service. Then the gears are
ISBN: 1--55589--573--5 Pages: 8 rerated to a lower rating and used reliably, at least

until replacement elements become available. 91FTM13. Separation of Lubrication and Cooling in
Using sketches or computers, an estimate is made Oil--Jet Lubricated Gears
of the instantaneous total length of contact as the Authors: J. Greiner and K. Langenbeck
damaged sections go through meshwith the results Results from tests on a high--speed back--to --back
being used as a basis of rerating the unit. stand (vt = 70 m/sec = 13725 ft/min) show the
Consideration is given to end reliefs, the location of influence of the separation of lubrication and
the damage on the helix and the nature of the field cooling oil supply on gear temperatures (scuffing
dressing, and actual material properties. The load capacity) and efficiency. The gear meshis only
results of this analysis, together with analysis of the given the minimum oil flow rate necessary for
causes of the original failure, provide limits within lubricating the working tooth flanks. Cooling is
which the unit can be operated with the same provided by spraying oil onto the inner surfaces of
reliability as new. the rims. This leads to a reduction of up to 60% of
ISBN: 1--55589--606--5 Pages: 9 the total oil flow rate compared to currently
recommended flow rates. In spite of the reduced
91FTM10. Dynamic Measurements of Gear Tooth total oil flow rate the temperature level of the gears
Friction and Load can be kept low while the efficiency slightly
Authors: B. Rebbechi, F. Oswald, and D. Townsend increases due to reduced hydraulic losses in the
A program to experimentally and theoretically study gear mesh.
fundamental mechanisms of gear dynamic ISBN: 1--55589--610--3 Pages: 19
behavior is being conducted at the NASA Lewis
Research Center in support of a joint research 91FTM14. The Effect of Thermal Shrink and
program between NASA and the U.S. Army. This Expansion on Plastic Gear Geometry
paper presents the results of dynamic tooth--fillet Author: R. Kleiss
strain gage measurements from the NASA When plastic gears are meshed with steel gears
gear--noise rig, and it introduces a technique for there can be the differences in thermal expansion
using these measurements to separate the normal between the two materials. If a particular gear mesh
and tangential (friction) components of the load at is expected to operate satisfactorily over a wide
the tooth contact. thermal range, the variations in meshgeometry due
ISBN: 1--55589--607--3 Pages: 13 to temperature must be taken into account. These
variable parameters can pose vexing problems to
the plastics gear designer. This paper presents a
91FTM11. Initial Design of Gears Using Artificial
straightforward way to consider the shrinkage of
Neural Net
plastic gears both in molding and in operation.
Authors: T. Jeong, T. Kicher, and R. Zab ISBN: 1--55589--611--1 Pages: 6
Most mechanical engineering design problems
require both computational and decision making 91FTM15. Gear Hardness Technology
aspects. Those decision making tasks can be Authors: M. Broglie and D. Smith
performed by an artificial neural net. The As demands on the gear designer to make gearing
adaptability of the artificial neural net for initial gear that is smaller, lighter and more reliable increases
design was demonstrated and the detailed so does the demand for better materials and heat
application is explained throughout the paper. treat processes. Proper hardness of a gear, both in
ISBN: 1--55589--608--1 Pages: 11
the tooth and in the body is becoming increasingly
critical since load carrying capacity is dependent on
91FTM12. The Combined Mesh Stiffness hardness. The scope of this paper is limited to the
Characteristics of Straight and Spiral Bevel Gears most common methods of heat treating steel
Authors: K. Yoon, J.W. David, and M. Choi gearing; however, there are many methods of heat
The combined mesh stiffness of spiral bevel gears treatment in wide use throughout the industry.
is one important factor for dynamic analysis. The ISBN: 1--55589--612--X Pages: 14
total deflection on the contact line of a tooth pair is
composed of bending, shear and tooth contact 91FTM16. Contact Analysis of Gears Using a
deflections. The bending and shear deflections on Combined Finite Element and Surface Integral
the contact line of the gear tooth are evaluated by Method
the finite element method with isoparametric shell Authors: S.M. Vijayakar and D.R. Houser
elements, and the tooth contact deflections are Describes a new method for solving the contact
evaluated using Hertzian contact theory. Based on problem in gears. The method uses a combination
these deflections, stiffness is obtained using the so of the finite element method and a surface integral
called flexibility method, and then the combined form of the Bousinesq and Cerruti solutions.
mesh stiffness is obtained by applying contact and Numerical examples are presented for contacting
load sharing ratios. hypoid, helical, and crossed axis helical gears.
ISBN: 1--55589--609--X Pages: 9 ISBN: 1--55589--614--6 Pages: 12

91FTM17. The Influence of Lubrication on the Onset of 90FTM2. An Industrial Approach for Load Capacity
Surface Pitting in Machinable Hardness Gear Teeth Calculation of Worm Gears (Verifying and Design)
Authors: C. Massey, C. Reeves, and E. Shipley Author: M. Octrue
Tests have been run on machinable hardness The method proposed in this paper is based on an
helical gears to study the influence of changes in analytical rating method which has been developed
calculated oil film thickness in the operating gear some years ago by the author (see AGMA paper
teeth in regard to the onset of surface pitting. 88FTM6). The calculation is based on the
Control tests were run at constant load to develop determination of the maximum of pressure between
typical pitting patterns on the gear teeth within a the mating teeth which is made by using a specific
reasonable test period. Subsequent tests were criteria for worm gears. The method can be used to
carried out to evaluate the changes in resistance to verify the load capability of a worm gear but also to
pitting that occurred when the oil film thicknesswas design a new gear covering several types of tooth
varied. All the tests were operated with an ample profile. Calculations are provided as examples and
controlled supply of a petroleum--based lubricant, comparisons have been made with results obtained
symbol 2190 TEP, that meets the specifications of by the initial analytical method,and by standardized
MIL--L--1 7331. methods (AGMA, BS).
90FTM3. Simulation of Meshing, Transmission Errors

91FTMS1. The Element Stress Analysis of a Generic and Bearing Contact for Single--Enveloping
Spur Gear Tooth
Worm--Gear Drives
Author: E. A. Tennyson
Authors: F.L. Litvin, and V. Kin
The prediction of bending stresses in a gear tooth,
The authors have developed a computerized
resulting from an externallyapplied torque, requires
method for simulation of meshing and bearing
special consideration when designing spur gear
contact (TCA) for single--enveloping worm--gear
systems. The tooth geometry is such that excess
drives. The developed computer programs enable
risers exist which must be accounted for. In
one to determine the transmission errors and the
addition, variables affecting the exact load point on
shift of bearing contact that are caused by worm
the tooth and the direction of the applied load are
and gear misalignment. An important theorem is
critical. An interactive preprocessor is developed
proven for determination of the transfer point on the
which generates all the information, including a
theoretical line of contact where the path of point
detailed tooth profile, necessary to perform a finite
contact starts for a misaligned worm--gear drive. A
element bending stress analysis of the gear
method of assembly for compensation of
system. To validate the procedure, a test group of
misalignment is proposed.
spur gears is identified and analyzed. The results ISBN: 1--55589--555--7 Pages: 14
are compared to those obtained via the American
Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) 90FTM4. Different Types of Wear -- How to Classify?
standards. The comparison revealed the finite Author: L. Faure
element stresses to be slightly more conservative In the first part, this document describes all the
than corresponding AGMA standard stresses. A types and aspects of wear which can occur on the
generalized stress equation and geometry factor, gear teeth in operation, with causes and
based on the finite element approach, are also explanations concerning their appearance. For
introduced. Thispaper is intended only as a proof of each type of wear, the possible evolution and the
concept. limits which should not be passed to avoid a failure
ISBN: 1--55589--615--4 Pages: 12 or severe damage to the tooth, thus reducing the life
of the gear, are clearly specified. Aspects of wear
types which can be considered as normal, medium
or progressive are also described and solutions are
1990 PAPERS presented as a guide for wear stabilizing.
ISBN: 1--55589--556--5 Pages: 17
90FTM1. Contact Stresses in Gear Teeth 90FTM5. Polishing Wear

Author: J.R. Colbourne Authors: A. Milburn, R. Errichello and D. Godfrey
It is shown that neither Hertz’s fine contact theory Polishing wear has been known to occur on piston
nor his point contact theory are entirely adequate rings, cylinder bores, valve lifters, hydraulic
for the accurate calculation of contact stresses in components, rolling--element bearings and gear
gear teeth. A numerical procedure is described, teeth. The bright,polished surfaces may look good,
which can be used to find the contact stress in but polishingwear is detrimental becauseit is a high
cases where the relative curvatures in the contact wear phenomenon which reduces the geometric
region are not constant. accuracy of the components. A case history is
ISBN: 1--55589--553--0 Pages: 15 presented of a gearbox which suffered extensive

polishingwear of the gear teeth androlling--element errors. The paper addresses two stages in design:
bearings. The results of research into the basic 1) Design generation stage where feasible designs
mechanism of polishing wear, and laboratory are generated for a specification and 2) Design of
analyses of materials and lubricants are presented. profile and lead modifications that minimize
Polishing wear is shown to be due to fine--scale transmission error and its sensitivity to
abrasion. It is promoted by a combination of a fine manufacturing errors. The paper presents a brief
abrasive and a gear oil with chemically--active discussion on how one can effectively minimize
additives. transmission error in helical gears by combining
ISBN: 1--55589--557--3 Pages: 17 both lead and profile modifications
ISBN: 1--55589--561--1 Pages: 19
90FTM6. Dynamic Responses of Aircraft Gears
Author: K. Buyukataman 90FTM10. The Mechanism of Failure With and
Rapid and destructive failures of high quality, high Without Titanium Nitride Coating in Roller Tests
speed, light weight and highly loaded aircraft gears Authors: J. Vižintin
are indications of the vibrational energy (associated To clarify the effect of Titanium Nitride (TiN) coating
with neutral frequency modes) exceeding the on failure resistance and frictional characteristics
fatigue endurance limit of advanced gear materials. and compare this effect with that produced by heal
The paper reviews: A) Experimental and analytical treated coatings, two roller tests have been made
methods to identify and define resonant mode, B) and the stress resulting from the combination of the
Effects of gear design and manufacturing variables Hertzian stress field and frictional force field on and
on the generation and damping of vibrational below the contacting surface as well as the flash
energy. temperature rise were calculated. The failure
ISBN: 1--55589--558--1 Pages: 21 resistance of the TiN--coated roller pair was greater
than that of the heat treated roller pair. The
90FTM7. Advanced Rotorcraft Transmission Program mechanism of failure resistance can be explained
-- A Status Review by the shearing stress (Hertzian stress + frictional
Authors: R.J. Drago and J.W. Lanski force) acting on the contact surface. This stress
The paper reports on Boeing Helicopters contract modifies the structure in the vicinity below the TiN
with the U. S. Army to conduct the Advanced layer which is then sheared in the weak track
Rotorcraft Transmission (ART) Technology direction.
Integration Demonstration program, The objectives ISBN: 1--55589--562--X Pages: 33
of the program are to reduce transmission weight,
reduce transmission noise and improve 90FTM11. Multiple Iteration -- Respectable
transmission life. The paper presents an overview Trial--and --Error
of the planned program and a broad description of Author: M.L. Baxter
the major tasks to be accomplished. “Trial--and--error” was once a dirty word. Now, with
ISBN: 1--55589--559--X Pages: 19 computers, it has become the most valuable tool in
engineering calculation. The procedure described
90FTM8. Investigations on the Scuffing Resistance of in this paper permits any number of input variables
High--Speed Gears (say A,B,C) to be systematically varied until an
Authors: H. Winter and H. F. Collenberg equal number of results (say X,Y,Z) are zero,
Test results with a high speed four square gear test regardless of the complexity of the equations
rig (nmax = 26 000 rpm) show the influence of relating A,B, C to X,Y,Z. It has been used
speed, viscosity, base oil, type, and amount of successfully by the writer for up to seven variables.
additive on thescuffing load. In some cases at high This paper is not concerned with the structure of the
speed the scuffing load can be more than twice the computer program representing this procedure, but
value calculated according to ISO/DIS 6336/4. The rather with the kinds of engineering problems that
reason for the speed--dependency of the scuffing can use it, and how itcanbe usedas a subroutinein
load is explained by the kinetics of the chemical engineering programs. Two actual gear
reaction between the metal and the additive. It is applications will be described.
described, how a calculation method could take ISBN: 1--55589--563--8 Pages: 15
account of the high scuffing load at high speed.
ISBN: 1--55589--560--3 Pages: 18 90FTM12. Design of New Systems of Controlled
Speed Drives
90FTM9. A Procedure That Accounts for Authors: M. Hirt, T. Weiss and P. Bolger
Manufacturing Errors in the Design Minimization of Processes in chemical industries and power plant
Transmission Error in Helical Gears stations require, to a certain extent, variable speed
Authors: S. Sundareson, K. Ishii and D.R. Houser drives of high power capacity. In contrast to
This paper deals with the design of helical gears controlled hydrodynamic or friction clutches, a new
that have minimum transmission error and, at the system of hydrostatic controlled superimposed
same time, are less sensitive to manufacturing planetary gears was developed. Design and

calculations as well as efficiency comparisons to with the objective of minimizing the enclosed
other systems will be described. Practical volume. The specifications for the design are the
experiences in the drive of large boiler feed pumps power requirements, the gear ratio, pinion speed
will be explained which prove the reliability of these and the material properties. The design variables
drives. are the number of pinion teeth, the diametral pitch,
ISBN: 1--55589--564--6 Pages: 14 and the face width. Constraints are set on
facewidth, minimum numberof pinionteeth,and the
90FTM13. Face Milling or Face Hobbing
safety factors for bending and pitting strength. The
Author: Theodore J. Krenzer
complete analysis for the gearset is based on the
Face milling and face hobbing are the two principal
rating procedure described in the ANSI/AGMA
processes used in the production of bevel and
2003--A86 standard. The optimization procedure is
hypoid gears. A manufacturer must decide on one
illustrated through a numerical example and the
or the other. This paper defines the methods and
design is also compared with a spur gear
the inherent characteristics they impose on the
optimization method using Tregold’s
tooth design and manufacture. Geometric tooth
approximation.
design differences and the reasons for the
ISBN: 1--55589--567--0 Pages: 11
differences are examined. TCA, finite element
analysis and test results for the two processes are
included. Cutting tools and processes are 90FTMS1. Kinematic Analysis of Transmissions --
compared; advantages and disadvantages of each Based on the Finite Element Method
process are enumerated and criteria for the Author: A.L. Sytstra
selection of one processover theother is proposed. In order to evaluate the kinematic properties of a
ISBN: 1--55589--565--4 Pages: 13 design of a transmission in its early stages, a
computer program has been developed. By means
90FTM14. A Closed and Fast Solution Formulation for
of geometric reasoning, a finite element model is
Practice Oriented Optimization of Real Spiral Bevel
deduced from the conceptual design which has
and Hypoid Gear Flank Geometry
been built using an experimental 3D object editor.
Author: H.J. Stadtfeld
Since the interrelations between the objects are not
If a very specific and systematic method is applied
specified by the designer they are found by the
to spiral bevel and hypoid gear correction, a new
computer by supplying a set of rules. The following
possibility exists to accurately and quickly design
kinematic analysis uses a mixed Euler/Lagrange
and manufacture high quality gearsets. All
description and detects mechanisms (possible
generated data can be archived on a diskette,
infinitesimal displacements of the nodal points
saved in machine control memory or stored in a
without causing strain in the elements) in the
central host computer. The described algorithm is
transmission. The mechanisms found are
based on a differential geometry calculation which
visualized by the object editor by means of
is to activate about simple and intuitive input
alternating images of the design on the screen
graphics.
ISBN: 1--55589--566--2 Pages: 11
which gives a real idea of motion. A well--founded
decision can be made whether the conceptual
90FTM15. Optimal Design of Straight Bevel Gears model has to be changed, rejected, or can be
Authors: Rajiv Agrawal, Gary L. Kinzer and Donald R. accepted. The method of analysis used gives a
Houser good start for a static and dynamic analysis.
Describes the design of a straight bevel gearset ISBN: 1--55589--568--9 Pages: 18

AGMA STANDARDS
Full Set of Current Standards (printed copy only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3435.00
(Priced separately: $5566.00)
NUMBER TITLE LIST PRICE

217.01 (R1999) Information Sheet - Gear Scoring Design Guide for Aerospace Spur and
Helical Power Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $43.00
299.01 (R1999) Gear Sound Manual: Section I, Fundamentals of Sound as Related to Gears;
Section II, Sources, Specifications, and Levels of Gear Sound; Section III,
Gear--Noise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $69.00
900--G00 Style Manual for the Preparation of Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.00
901--A92 (R1997) A Rational Procedure for the Preliminary Design of Minimum Volume Gears . . . . $32.00
904--C96 Metric Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40.00
908--B89 (R1999) Information Sheet -- Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance
and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
910--C90 (R2003) Formats for Fine--Pitch Gear Specification Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $48.00
911--A94 (R2000) Guidelines for Aerospace Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $91.00
913--A98 Method for Specifying the Geometry of Spur and Helical Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $55.00
915 --1--A02 Inspection Practices -- Part 1: Cylindrical Gears - Tangential Measurements . . . $55.00
915 --3--A99 Inspection Practices -- Gear Blanks, Shaft Center Distance and Parallelism . . . . . $30.00
917--B97 (R2003) Design Manual for Parallel Shaft Fine - Pitch Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
918--A93 (R1998) A Summary of Numerical Examples Demonstrating the Procedures for
Calculating Geometry Factors for Spur and Helical Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $64.00
920--A01 Materials for Plastic Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $55.00
922--A96 Load Classification and Service Factors for Flexible Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $38.00
923--A00 Metallurgical Specifications of Steel Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $65.00
925--A03 NEW Effect of Lubrication on Gear Surface Distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $65.00
926--C99 Recommended Practice for Carburized Aerospace Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $45.00
927--A01 Load Distribution Factors -- Analytical Methods for Cylindrical Gears . . . . . . . . . . . $65.00
931--A02 Calibration of Gear Measuring Instruments and Their Application to the
Inspection of Product Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60.00
933--B03 NEW Basic Gear Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35.00
1003 --G93 (R1999) Tooth Proportions for Fine - Pitch Spur and Helical Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $64.00
1006 --A97 (R2003) Tooth Proportions for Plastic Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $64.00
1010 --E95 (R2000) Appearance of Gear Teeth --Terminology of Wear and Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $91.00
1012--F90 Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $64.00
1102--A03 NEW Tolerance Specification for Gear Hobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $78.00
1106--A97 (R2003) Tooth Proportions for Plastic Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $59.00
1328 --1 Cylindrical Gears -- ISO System of Accuracy -- Part 1: Definitions and
Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to Corresponding Flanks of Gear
Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60.00
1328 --2 Cylindrical Gears -- ISO System of Accuracy -- Part 2: Definitions and
Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant to Radial Composite Deviations and
Runout Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40.00
2000 --A88 Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook -- Tolerances and Measuring
Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears (Including Metric
Equivalents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $133.00
2001 --C95 Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and
Helical Gear Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $159.00
2002 --B88 (R1996) Tooth Thickness Specification and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $85.00
2003 --B97 (R2003) Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated Straight
Bevel, Zerol Bevel, and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $138.00
2004 --B89 (R2000) Gear Materials and Heat Treatment Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $96.00

AGMA Standards (continued)
2005 --D03 NEW Design Manual for Bevel Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $159.00

2007 --C00 Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $38.00
2008 --C01 Assembling Bevel Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $64.00
2009 --B01 Bevel Gear Classification, Tolerances, and Measuring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $96.00
2010 --A94 (R2000) Measuring Instrument Calibration ---- Part I, Involute Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . $55.00
2011--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing Tolerance and Inspection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
2015 --1 --A01 Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical
Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60.00
Supp to NEW Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurement Tolerance Tables
2015/915 for Cylindrical Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35.00
2101 --C95 Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and
Helical Gear Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $133.00
2110--A94 (R2000) Measuring Instrument Calibration ---- Part I, Involute Measurement (Metric) . . . . . $55.00
2111--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing Tolerance and Inspection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $70.00
2113--A97 Measuring Instrument Calibration, Gear Tooth Alignment Measurement . . . . . . . . $55.00
2114--A98 Measuring Instrument Calibration, Gear Pitch and Runout Measurements . . . . . . $64.00
6000 --B96 (R2002) Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $69.00
6001 --D97 (R2003) Design and Selection of Components for Enclosed Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
6002 --B93 (R2001) Design Guide for Vehicle Spur and Helical Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $64.00
6004--F88 (R1996) Gear Power Rating for Cylindrical Grinding Mills, Kilns, Coolers and Dryers . . . . . $80.00
6005 --B89 (R1996) Power Rating for Helical and Herringbone Gearing for Rolling Mill Service . . . . . . $75.00
6006 --A03 NEW Standard for Design and Specification of Gearboxes for Wind Turbines . . . . . . . $198.00
6008 --A98 Specifications for Powder Metallurgy Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $53.00
6009 --A00 Standard for Gearmotor, Shaft Mounted and Screw Conveyor Drives . . . . . . . . . $139.00
6010--F97 (R2003) Standard for Spur, Helical, Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives . . . . . . . . . . $149.00
6011--I03 NEW Specification for High Speed Helical Gear Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $95.00
6022 --C93 (R2000) Design Manual for Cylindrical Wormgearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $69.00
6023 --A88 (R2000) Design Manual for Enclosed Epicyclic Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
6025 --D98 Sound for Enclosed Helical, Herringbone and Spiral Bevel Gear Drives . . . . . . . . $75.00
6032 --A94 (R2000) Standard for Marine Gear Units: Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $95.00
6033 --B98 Materials for Marine Propulsion Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
6034 --B92 (R1999) Practice for Enclosed Cylindrical Wormgear Speed Reducers and Gearmotors . . $53.00
6035 --A02 Design, Rating and Application of Industrial Globoidal Wormgearing . . . . . . . . . . . $75.00
6109 --A00 Standard for Gearmotor, Shaft Mounted and Screw Conveyor Drives . . . . . . . . . $123.00
6110--F97 (R2003) Standard for Spur, Helical, Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives . . . . . . . . . . $128.00
6123 --A88 (R2000) Design Manual for Enclosed Epicyclic Metric Module Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
6133 --B98 Materials for Marine Propulsion Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $70.00
6135 --A02 Design, Rating and Application of Industrial Globoidal Wormgearing (Metric) . . . . $70.00
9000 --C90 (R2001) Flexible Couplings -- Potential Unbalance Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $59.00
9001 --B97 (R2003) Flexible Couplings -- Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $38.00
9002 --A86 (R2001) Bores and Keyways for Flexible Couplings (Inch Series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $43.00
9003 --A91 (R1999) Flexible Couplings -- Keyless Fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $48.00
9004 --A99 Flexible Couplings -- Mass Elastic Properties and Other Characteristics . . . . . . . . $65.00
9005 --E02 NEW Industrial Gear Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
9008 --B00 Flexible Couplings – Gear Type – Flange Dimensions, Inch Series . . . . . . . . . . . . $38.00
9009 --D02 Flexible Couplings -- Nomenclature for Flexible Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $46.00
10064 --1 Cylindrical Gears -- Code of Inspection Practice -- Part 1: Inspection of
Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75.00
10064 --2 Cylindrical Gears -- Code of Inspection Practice -- Part 2: Inspection Related
to Radial Composite Deviations, Runout, Tooth Thickness and Backlash . . . . . . $55.00

ISO STANDARDS BY TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 60

53:1998 Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering – Standard basic rack
tooth profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.00
54:1996 Cylindrical gears for general engineering and for heavy engineering -- Modules . $20.00
677:1976 Straight bevel gears for general engineering and heavy engineering -- Basic
rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.00
678:1976 Straight bevel gears for general engineering and heavy engineering -- Modules
and diametral pitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.00
701:1998 International gear notation -- Symbols for geometric data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.00
1122--1:1998 Glossary of gear terms -- Part 1: Definitions related to geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $94.00
1122--2:1999 Vocabulary of gear terms -- Part 2: Definitions related to worm gear geometry . . $54.00
1328 --1:1995 Cylindrical gears -- ISO system of accuracy -- Part 1: Definitions and allowable
values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth (See
ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- --
1328 --2:1997 Cylindrical gears -- ISO system of accuracy -- Part 2: Definitions and allowable
values of deviations relevant to radial composite deviations and runout
information (See ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- --
1340:1976 Cylindrical gears -- Information to be given to the manufacturer by the
purchaser in order to obtain the gears required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.00
1341:1976 Straight bevel gears -- Information to be given to the manufacturer by the
purchaser in order to obtain the gears required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.00
2490:1996 Single--start solid (monoblock) gear hobs with tenon drive or axial keyway,
1 to 40 module -- Nominal dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.00
TR4467:1982 Addendum modification of the teeth of cylindrical gears for speed--reducing
and speed--increasing gear pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $38.00
4468:1982 Gear hobs -- Single start -- Accuracy requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $46.00
6336 --1:1996 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears -- Part 1: Basic
principles, introduction and general influence factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $110.00
6336 --2:1996 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2: Calculation of
surface durability (pitting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $68.00
6336 --3:1996 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of
tooth bending strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $102.00
6336 --5:2003 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears -- Part 5: Strength and
quality of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $72.00
Full set of 4 ISO 6336 Standards (cannot be used individually) . . . . . . . . . . . $352.00
8579 --1:2002 Acceptance code for gears -- Part 1: Determination of airborne sound power
levels emitted by gear units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $46.00
8579 --2:1993 Acceptance code for gears -- Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibration of
gear units during acceptance testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42.00
9083:2001 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears -- Application to marine
gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $88.00
9084:2000 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gear -- Application to high
speed gears and gears of similar requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00
9085:2002 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears -- Application for
industrial gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $88.00
TR10064 --1:1992 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection practice -- Part 1: Inspection of
corresponding flanks of gear teeth (See AGMA ISO 10064 - 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- --
TR10064 --2:1996 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection practice -- Part 2: Inspection related to
radial composite deviations, runout, tooth thickness and backlash (See AGMA
ISO 10064--2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- --
TR10064 --3:1996 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection practice -- Part 3: Recommendations
relative to gear blanks, shaft centre distance and parallelism of axes . . . . . . . . . . $26.00
TR10064 --4:1998 Cylindrical gears -- Code of inspection practice -- Part 4: Recommendations
relative to surface texture and tooth contact pattern checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60.00
10300--1:2001 Calculation of load capacity of bevel gears -- Part 1: Introduction and general
influence factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $84.00

10300--2:2001 Calculation of load capacity of bevel gears -- Part 2: Calculation of surface

durability (pitting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50.00
10300--3:2001 Calculation of load capacity of bevel gears -- Part 3: Calculation of tooth root
strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $76.00
10347:1999 Worm gears -- Geometry of worms -- Name plates for worm gear units, centre
distances, information to be supplied to gear manufacturer by the purchaser . . . . $26.00
TR10495:1997 Cylindrical gears-- Calculation of service life under variable loads - Conditions
for cylindrical gears according to ISO 6336 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42.00
10825:1995 Gears -- Wear and damage to gear teeth -- Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $94.00
TR10828:1997 Wormgears -- Geometry of worm profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $54.00
TR13593:1999 Enclosed gear drives for industrial applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $102.00
13691:2001 Petroleum and natural gas industries -- High speed special--purpose gear units . $94.00
TR13989 --1:2000 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears –
Part 1: Flash temperature method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $76.00
TR13989 --2:2000 Calculation of scuffing load capacity of cylindrical, bevel and hypoid gears –
Part 2: Integral temperature method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $84.00
14104:1995 Gears -- Surface temper etch inspection after grinding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.00
14179 --1:2001 Gears -- Thermal capacity - Part 1: Rating gear drives with thermal equilibrium
at 95°C sump temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $68.00
14179 --2:2001 Gears -- Thermal capacity -- Part 2: Thermal load-- carrying capacity . . . . . . . . . . . $72.00
14635 --1:2000 Gears – FZG test procedures – Part 1: FZG method A/8, 3/90 for relative
scuffing load carrying capacity of oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50.00
TECHNICAL PAPERS
1990--2000 AGMA Fall Technical Meeting Papers -- Millennium CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $200.00
2002 Full Set of Fall Technical Meeting Papers (12 papers on CD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $300.00
2001 Full Set of Fall Technical Meeting Papers (12 papers on CD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $150.00
Stresses in Spur Teeth and Their Strength; by Manfred Hirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50.00
All Other Technical Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.00
For titles and authors of papers from FTM Meetings prior to 1990, please send for our “TECHNICAL PAPERS CATALOG”.
GEAR SOFTWARE
ISO 6336 Software Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $995.00
Gear Rating Suite (AGMA Members) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1195.00
(Non Members) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1495.00

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March 2004 i Publications Catalog

American Gear Manufacturers Association

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American Gear Manufacturers Association

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Publications Catalog ii March 2004

How to Purchase Documents

March 2004 iii Publications Catalog

The AGMA Foundation exists for your benefit. It

More specifically, it focuses on those opportunities you

On your behalf, the Foundation explores the new ideas,

With your help, the AGMA Foundation can expand the

Become a partner with the AGMA Foundation, and help

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Publications Catalog iv March 2004

Index of AGMA Standards and Information Sheets by Number

Number Page Title or reference Number Page Title or reference

March 2004 1 Publications Catalog

Number Page Title or reference Number Page Title or reference

510.03 Replaced by 9009--D02 925--A03 9 Effect of Lubrication on

Publications Catalog 2 March 2004

Number Page Title or reference Number Page Title or reference

March 2004 3 Publications Catalog

Number Page Title or reference Number Page Title or reference

Publications Catalog 4 March 2004

Index of AGMA Standards and Information Sheets by Topic

ANSI/AGMA 9000--C90 Flexible Couplings -- Design - W ormgear

ANSI/AGMA 9002--A86 Bores and Keyways for Drive Components

ANSI/AGMA 9004--A99 Flexible Couplings -- Mass Enclosed Drives

March 2004 5 Publications Catalog

Inspection and Tolerances ANSI/AGMA 2111--A98 Cylindrical Wormgearing

ANSI/AGMA 2009--B01 Bevel Gear Classification, Metric Usage

Publications Catalog 6 March 2004

ANSI/AGMA 1003--G93 Tooth Proportions for Style Manual

AGMA 908--B89 Information Sheet--Geometry Wind Turbine Units

March 2004 7 Publications Catalog

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AGMA Standards and Information Sheets

AGMA 900 --G00 Style Manual for the Preparation

Publications Catalog 8 March 2004

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AGMA 923--A00 Metallurgical Specifications of

AGMA 925--A03 Effect of Lubrication on Gear

AGMA 927--A01 Load Distribution Factors -

March2004 9 Publications Catalog

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AGMA 931--A02 Calibration of Gear Measuring ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90 Gear Nomenclature,

Publications Catalog 10 March 2004

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March2004 11 Publications Catalog

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ANSI/AGMA 2009--B01 Bevel Gear Classification, !! NEW !!

Publications Catalog 12 March 2004