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    Chapter 8 Rain Loads

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    furkan
    This chapter discusses rain loads on roofs and roof drainage systems. It defines key terms like controlled drainage, ponding, and primary/secondary drainage systems. It provides equations to calculate design rain loads based on the static head from blocked primary drains and additional hydraulic head from secondary drains. Roof systems must be analyzed to ensure adequate strength and stiffness to resist ponding instability and loads. Controlled drainage roofs require secondary drainage systems above the primary to prevent overflow. Standards for sizing primary and secondary drains are also provided based on rainfall intensities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 8 Rain Loads

    Uploaded by

    furkan
    17 views1 page
    This chapter discusses rain loads on roofs and roof drainage systems. It defines key terms like controlled drainage, ponding, and primary/secondary drainage systems. It provides equations to calculate design rain loads based on the static head from blocked primary drains and additional hydraulic head from secondary drains. Roof systems must be analyzed to ensure adequate strength and stiffness to resist ponding instability and loads. Controlled drainage roofs require secondary drainage systems above the primary to prevent overflow. Standards for sizing primary and secondary drains are also provided based on rainfall intensities.

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    CHAPTER 8 RAIN LOADS

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    This chapter discusses rain loads on roofs and roof drainage systems. It defines key terms like controlled drainage, ponding, and primary/secondary drainage systems. It provides equations to calculate design rain loads based on the static head from blocked primary drains and additional hydraulic head from secondary drains. Roof systems must be analyzed to ensure adequate strength and stiffness to resist ponding instability and loads. Controlled drainage roofs require secondary drainage systems above the primary to prevent overflow. Standards for sizing primary and secondary drains are also provided based on rainfall intensities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views1 page

    Chapter 8 Rain Loads

    Uploaded by

    furkan
    This chapter discusses rain loads on roofs and roof drainage systems. It defines key terms like controlled drainage, ponding, and primary/secondary drainage systems. It provides equations to calculate design rain loads based on the static head from blocked primary drains and additional hydraulic head from secondary drains. Roof systems must be analyzed to ensure adequate strength and stiffness to resist ponding instability and loads. Controlled drainage roofs require secondary drainage systems above the primary to prevent overflow. Standards for sizing primary and secondary drains are also provided based on rainfall intensities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    CHAPTER 8

    RAIN LOADS

    8.1 DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS 8.3 DESIGN RAIN LOADS


    8.1.1 Definitions Each portion of a roof shall be designed to sustain the load of all
    CONTROLLED DRAINAGE: System intentionally rainwater that will accumulate on it if the primary drainage
    regulating the rate of flow through the primary drains. system for that portion is blocked plus the uniform load caused
    PONDING: The accumulation of water caused by the deflec- by water that rises above the inlet of the secondary drainage
    tion of the roof structure, resulting in added load. system at its design flow.
    PONDING INSTABILITY: Member instability caused by R = 5.2ðd s þ d h Þ (8.3-1)
    progressive deflection due to ponding on roofs.
    PRIMARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM: Roof drainage system R = 0.0098ðd s þ d h Þ (8.3-1.si)
    through which water is normally conveyed off the roof.
    PRIMARY MEMBERS: For the purposes of determining a If the secondary drainage systems contain drain lines, such
    susceptible bay, structural members having direct connection to lines and their point of discharge shall be separate from the
    the columns, including girders, beams, and trusses. primary drain lines. Rain loads shall be based on the total head
    SCUPPER: An opening in the side of a building (typically (static head [d s ] plus hydraulic head [d h ]) associated with the
    through a parapet wall) for the purpose of draining water off design flow rate for the specified secondary drains and drainage
    the roof. system. The total head corresponding to the design flow rate for
    SECONDARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM: Roof drainage sys- the specified drains shall be based on hydraulic test data.
    tem at an elevation higher than the primary drainage system,
    through which water drains off the roof when the primary system 8.4 PONDING INSTABILITY AND PONDING LOAD
    is blocked or not working.
    SECONDARY MEMBER: For the purposes of determining Susceptible bays shall be investigated by structural analysis to
    susceptible bays, structural members not having direct connec- ensure that they possess adequate stiffness to preclude progressive
    tion to the columns. deflection (i.e., instability) and adequate strength to resist the
    SUSCEPTIBLE BAY: A structural bay that is vulnerable to additional ponding load. Any of the following conditions shall
    overload from accumulated water. be deemed to create susceptible bays: (1) bays with a roof slope less
    than 1=4 in: per foot (1.19°) when the secondary members are
    8.1.2 Symbols perpendicular to the free draining edge, (2) bays with a roof slope
    less than 1 in. per foot (4.76°) when the secondary members are
    dh = additional depth of water on the undeflected roof above the parallel to the free draining edge, (3) bays with a roof slope of 1 in.
    inlet of the secondary drainage system at its design flow per foot (4.76°) and a span to spacing ratio for the secondary
    (i.e., the hydraulic head), in in. (mm) members greater than 16 when the secondary members are parallel
    d s = depth of water on the undeflected roof up to the inlet to the free draining edge, or (4) bays on which water accumulates
    of the secondary drainage system when the primary (in whole or in part) when the primary drain system is blocked but
    drainage system is blocked (i.e., the static head), in the secondary drain system is functional. The larger of the snow
    in. (mm) load or the rain load equal to the design condition for a blocked
    R = rain load on the undeflected roof, in lb=ft2 (kN=m2 ). primary drain system shall be used in this analysis.
    When the phrase “undeflected roof” is used, deflections
    from loads (including dead loads) shall not be considered
    when determining the amount of rain on the roof 8.5 CONTROLLED DRAINAGE

    8.2 ROOF DRAINAGE Roofs equipped with hardware on the primary drainage system
    designed to intentionally regulate the rate of drainage shall be
    Roof drainage systems shall be designed in accordance with the equipped with a secondary drainage system at a higher elevation.
    provisions of the code that has jurisdiction. The design flow rate Controlled flow roof drains shall not be used on the secondary
    of the secondary (overflow) drains (including roof drains and drainage system.
    downstream piping) or scuppers, and their resulting hydraulic
    head (d h ) shall be based on a rainfall intensity equal to or greater 8.6 CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER
    than the 15-min duration/100-year return period (frequency) REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    storm. Primary drainage systems shall be designed for a rainfall
    intensity equal to or greater than the 60-min duration/ 100-year No consensus standards and other documents that shall be
    return period (frequency) storm. considered part of this standard are referenced in this chapter.

    Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures 65

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