In the 1980s and early ’90s the Indonesian Democratic Party rapidly expanded its

vote share by appealing to voters frustrated by apparent inequalities in

Indonesia’s social and economic structure. Because the party blamed the country’s
social ills on the governing regime, Suharto attempted to undermine it. When the
party selected Megawati as its leader, the government engineered her removal with
the aid of a faction opposed to her. Her dismissal precipitated mass protests and
violence in Jakarta, and Megawati and her supporters eventually established a new
political party, the PDI-P, to challenge the government.
20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as
among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more foreign direct
investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that
emphasized helping the poor by improving public services, implementing land
reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
menggantikan Sriwijaya, sebelum kembali digantikan oleh Pagaruyung pada abad ke-14.
[41]
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
The city is a market for the surrounding densely populated agricultural area, which
produces tobacco, sugar, rice, coconuts, fruits and vegetables, and cassava. The
making of batik cloth is a main industry, as are the manufacture of cigarettes,
furniture, and textiles; there is also metal casting and jewelry making. Local
handicrafts include pottery making, wood and bone carving, and the making of
musical instruments. The city is an important cultural centre for central Javanese
dance, music, and literature and is linked by road, rail, and air to the rest of
Java. Pop. (2010) 499,337.
northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta.
By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on
several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s
influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
Nusantara telah mempunyai warisan peradaban berusia ratusan tahun dengan dua
imperium besar, yaitu Sriwijaya di Sumatra pada abad ke-7 hingga ke-14
Non Departemen yang bertanggungjawab langsung kepada Presiden. Sementara anggaran
pembelanjaannya dibebankan kepada anggaran Sekretariat
Kata sejarah diserap ke dalam bahasa Melayu pada abad ke-13. Kata ini berasal dari
bahasa Arab, yakni syajarotun, yang artinya pohon.
Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah Albion. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk
merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul
dalam karya Aristoteles, Corpus Aristotelicum pada abad ke-4 SM.[22] Disebutkan
bahwa: "Di luar pilar-pilar Herkules terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang
bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut Britannia; yang
terdiri dari Albion dan Ierne".[22] Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum
kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata Latin albus, yang berarti putih,
untuk merujuk ke tebing putih Dover,
it should weave a narrative and tell a story in almost the same way a novel does.
In this way, biography differs from the rest of nonfiction.
account of incredible devotion and sharp commentary on the pain of separation among
immigrant families.
dan organisasi kearsipan pada masa pemerintah Kolonial Belanda (landarchief) dan
produk-produk kearsipannya. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, lembaga
kearsipan (landarchief) diambil oleh pemerintah RI
Here’s another bio that will reshape your views of a famed historical tyrant,
though this time in a surprisingly favorable light. Decorated scholar Andrew
Roberts delves into the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his near-flawless military
instincts to his complex and confusing relationship with his wife. But Roberts’
attitude toward his subject is what really makes this work shine: rather than
ridiculing him (as it would undoubtedly be easy to do), he approaches the “petty
tyrant” with a healthy amount of deference.
northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta.
By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on
several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s
influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
it should weave a narrative and tell a story in almost the same way a novel does.
In this way, biography differs from the rest of nonfiction.
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan, political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through
the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades
of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by
the government. Although it often was supportive of the policies of President
Suharto, its antigovernment faction—led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of
Sukarno,
et us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us.” From this line derives
the central issue of Agee and Evans’ work: who truly deserves our praise and
recognition? According to this 1941 biography, it’s the barely-surviving
sharecropper families who were severely
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
Di Kepulauan Maluku, terdapat dua kesultanan besar yang terkenal, yaitu Ternate dan
Tidore yang berpusat di wilayah yang saat ini termasuk dalam wilayah Maluku Utara.
[63] Wilayah Ternate pada masa kejayaannya, yaitu pada abad ke-16, mencakup Pulau
Ternate, sebagian kecil Pulau Halmahera, Kepulauan Maluku bagian tengah, Pulau
Sulawesi bagian utara dan timur, hingga ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu,
Tidore pada masa kejayaannya yang juga pada abad ke-16 meliputi Pulau Tidore,
sebagian besar Pulau Halmahera, hingga ke Papua Barat.[64]
Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki
"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai
berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
A prolific essayist, short story writer, and novelist, Hurston turned her hand to
biographical writing in 1927 with this incredible work,
Non Departemen yang bertanggungjawab langsung kepada Presiden. Sementara anggaran
pembelanjaannya dibebankan kepada anggaran Sekretariat
From the origins and development of its individual elements (energy, mass, and
light) to their ramific
Just days later, on September 8, Elizabeth’s death, at age 96, shocked Britain and
the world. Prince Charles succeeded her on the throne as King Charles III. Ten days
of national commemoration of her life and legacy—long planned as “Operation London
Bridge”—followed. Notably, the queen lay in state for a day in St. Giles’ Cathedral
in Edinburgh and then for three days in Westminster Hall in London, outside of
which mourners stood in a line that stretched for miles, in some cases waiting for
more than 24 hours to view Elizabeth’s casket. Her sombre funeral ceremony in
Westminster Abbey on September 19 was attended by an estimated 100 heads of foreign
governments. Following a procession to Wellington Arch, during which Big Ben
tolled, the queen’s casket was borne by hearse to her final resting place in St.
George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle.
di bawah Presidium Kabinet. Dengan status baru tersebut, maka pada tahun 1968 Arsip
Nasional berusaha menyusun pengajuan sebagai berikut:
Lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang ini, secara de
facto sudah ada sejak 28 Januari 1892,ketika Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mendirikan
Landarchief.
blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in
Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle.
When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward,
Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected.
Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children
with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial
occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. She spent much of the time
with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the
loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife.
Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge
humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved
for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages,
history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham
wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to
that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to
Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she
was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of
diplomacy. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-
witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the
tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Her association with the
Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation,
but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young
princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma.
penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI,
termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia,
the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4,
1952. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953.
pengembalian lembaga-lembaga pemerintah. Sebagaimana tahun1945-1947, landsarchief
ditempatkan kembali di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan Pengajaran dan Kebudayaan (PP
dan K).
Negara. Penetapan Arsip Nasional sebgai Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen diperkuat
melalui Surat Pimpinan MPRS No. A.9/1/24/MPRS/1967 yang
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
Just days later, on September 8, Elizabeth’s death, at age 96, shocked Britain and
the world. Prince Charles succeeded her on the throne as King Charles III. Ten days
of national commemoration of her life and legacy—long planned as “Operation London
Bridge”—followed. Notably, the queen lay in state for a day in St. Giles’ Cathedral
in Edinburgh and then for three days in Westminster Hall in London, outside of
which mourners stood in a line that stretched for miles, in some cases waiting for
more than 24 hours to view Elizabeth’s casket. Her sombre funeral ceremony in
Westminster Abbey on September 19 was attended by an estimated 100 heads of foreign
governments. Following a procession to Wellington Arch, during which Big Ben
tolled, the queen’s casket was borne by hearse to her final resting place in St.
George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle.
Pada masa pengambilalihan Landsarchief oleh pemerintah Republik Indonesia Serikat,
masih In the summer of 1951 the health of King George VI entered into a serious
decline, and Princess Elizabeth represented him at the Trooping the Colour and on
various other state occasions. On October 7 she and her husband set out on a highly
successful tour of Canada and Washington, D.C. After Christmas in England she and
the duke set out in January 1952 for a tour of Australia and New Zealand, but en
route, at Sagana, Kenya, news reached them of the king’s death on February 6, 1952.
Elizabeth, now queen, at once flew back to England. The first three months of her
reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative
seclusion. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham
Palace, she undertook the routine duties of
mother. This tale of Enrique’s perilous journey is not for the faint of heart, but
it is an
menegaskan, bahwa Arsip Nasional sebagai aparat teknis pemerintah tidak
bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, bahkan merupakan penyempurnaan pekerjaan
The city has broad tree-lined streets and numerous historic buildings, including
most notably a palace (1745; of the susuhunan, one of the traditional princes of
central Java), a prince’s court (1788; that of the mangkunegaran, another
traditional ruler), and a Dutch fort (1779; now a garrison headquarters). Renowned
as an educational and cultural centre, Surakarta contains the
Para cendekiawan India telah menulis tentang Dwipantara atau kerajaan Hindu Jawa
Dwipa di Pulau Jawa dan Sumatra atau Swarna Dwipa sekitar 200 SM.
Negeri diambil alih kembali oleh pemerintah Belanda. Nama Lembaga Arsip Negeri
berganti lagi menjadi Landsarchief kembali. Sebagai pimpinan Landsarchief adalah
Prof.W. Ph. Coolhaas yang menjabat hingga berdirinya Republik Indonesia
What if you had twenty-four different people living inside you, and you never knew
which one was going to come out? Such was the life of Billy Milligan, the subject
of this haunting biography by the author of Flowers for Algernon. Keyes recounts,
in a refreshingly straightforward style, the events of Billy’s life and how his
psyche came to be “split”... as well as how, with Keyes’ help, he attempted to put
the fragments of himself back together.
From the origins and development of its individual elements (energy, mass, and
light) to their ramific
Beberapa kesultanan yang juga pernah berdiri di Kepulauan Maluku, yaitu Jailolo,
Bacan, Tanah Hitu, Iha, dan Huamual.
Nama "Inggris" (England) berasal dari kata Englaland dalam bahasa Inggris kuno,
yang berarti "tanah Angles".[15] Angles ini adalah salah satu dari suku-suku
Jermanik yang menetap di Britania Raya selama Abad Pertengahan Awal. Suku Angles
ini berasal dari semenanjung Angeln di Teluk Kiel, wilayah Laut Baltik.[16] Menurut
Oxford English Dictionary, penggunaan pertama yang diketahui dari kata "England"
untuk merujuk pada bagian selatan dari Pulau Britania Raya terjadi pada tahun 897,
dan ejaan modern untuk kata ini pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1538.[17]
pada tahun 1811, sejak ditandatanganinya Kapitulasi Tuntang yang salah satunya
berisi penyerahan Pulau Jawa dari Belanda kepada Britania, Pada tahun 1814
dilakukanlah Konvensi London yang isinya pemerintah Belanda berkuasa kembali atas
wilayah jajahan Britania di Indonesia. Lalu baru pada tahun 1816,
Elizabeth was known to favour simplicity in court life and was also known to take a
serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional
and ceremonial duties. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she kept
racehorses, frequently attended races, and periodically visited the Kentucky stud
farms in the United States. Her financial and property holdings made her one of the
world’s richest women.
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he
periodically appeared at official engagements after that. In the meantime,
Elizabeth began to reduce her own official engagements, passing some duties on to
Prince Charles and other senior members of the royal family, though the pool of
stand-ins shrank when Charles’s younger son, Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, and his
wife, Meghan, duchess of Sussex, controversially chose to give up their royal roles
in March 2020. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal
family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix
television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Having dealt with
several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband
for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. On their 50th wedding anniversary,
in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and
stay all these years.” Because of social-distancing protocols brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, the queen sat alone in a choir stall in St. George’s Chapel (in
Windsor Castle) at Philip’s funeral. The widely disseminated images of her tragic
isolation were heartbreaking but emblematic of the dignity and courage that she
brought to her reign.
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
Di Kepulauan Maluku, terdapat dua kesultanan besar yang terkenal, yaitu Ternate dan
Tidore yang berpusat di wilayah yang saat ini termasuk dalam wilayah Maluku Utara.
[63] Wilayah Ternate pada masa kejayaannya, yaitu pada abad ke-16, mencakup Pulau
Ternate, sebagian kecil Pulau Halmahera, Kepulauan Maluku bagian tengah, Pulau
Sulawesi bagian utara dan timur, hingga ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu,
Tidore pada masa kejayaannya yang juga pada abad ke-16 meliputi Pulau Tidore,
sebagian besar Pulau Halmahera, hingga ke Papua Barat.[64]
Elizabeth was known to favour simplicity in court life and was also known to take a
serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional
and ceremonial duties. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she kept
racehorses, frequently attended races, and periodically visited the Kentucky stud
farms in the United States. Her financial and property holdings made her one of the
world’s richest women.
Masa pendudukan Jepang merupakan masa yang sepi dalam dunia kearsipan, karena pada
masa itu hampir tidak mewariskan peninggalan arsip
Langkah pertama yang diambil adalah memasukkan Arsip Nagara dalam Lembaga Sejarah
pada Kementerian PP dan K.
Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS
Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as
the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto
ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he
resigned, May 21, 1998.
terdapat beberapa kesultanan yang juga berdiri di Jawa, yaitu Giri, Banten,
karena berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden 228/1967 tanggal 2 Desember1967, Arsip
Nasional ditetapkan sebagai Lembaga Pemerintah
Nama "Inggris" (England) berasal dari kata Englaland dalam bahasa Inggris kuno,
yang berarti "tanah Angles".[15] Angles ini adalah salah satu dari suku-suku
Jermanik yang menetap di Britania Raya selama Abad Pertengahan Awal. Suku Angles
ini berasal dari semenanjung Angeln di Teluk Kiel, wilayah Laut Baltik.[16] Menurut
Oxford English Dictionary, penggunaan pertama yang diketahui dari kata "England"
untuk merujuk pada bagian selatan dari Pulau Britania Raya terjadi pada tahun 897,
dan ejaan modern untuk kata ini pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1538.[17]
Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in
Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering.
For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of
mother. This tale of Enrique’s perilous journey is not for the faint of heart, but
it is an
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
Tahun 1967 merupakan suatu periode yang sangat penting bagi Arsip Nasional,
Keterangan dari arsip tersebut diperlukan untuk membebaskan diri dari tawanan
Jepang, jika mereka dapat menunjukkan bukti turunan orang Indonesia meski bukan
dari hasil pernikahan.
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
arsiparis di ANRI meningkat drastis. Puncaknya adalah tahun 1995-1996, dimana
jumlah arsiparis di ANRI Pusat mencapai 137 orang.