Bago City College Graduate School

MSC-106
MASTER IN SCIENCE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Subject Matter
Crisis Management
Topic

Emergency response scenario and common

management plan weaknesses

Prepared by: Aljhoney Garcia

Submitted to:
Mark Thaddeus Tanalgo
Faculty, BCC-MSCJCRIM
Economic Crime
Introduction
In a nutshell, crisis management is a diverse range of strategies that help an
organization deal with an unexpected negative event that might otherwise cause
significant damage. Crises occur for many reasons, including natural disasters,
information leaks and security breaches, public defamation, violence .Dealing
with it is a very large perspective of a company and agencies for preparation on
future scenario .

Objectives
1. What is Emergency?
2. How to Assist Emergency?
3. What is the first Steps when developing an emergency response plan?
4. What is Protective Actions for Life Safety?
5. What is the other emergency response scenario?
6. 10 Steps for Developing the Emergency Response Plan.
7. Hazards to Consider When Developing the Emergency Plan.
8. What are the Weaknesses in Crisis Management Plans?

Brief History
Prior to the inception of 117, emergency services were reached through a myriad
of telephone numbers. The fire department in Manila, for example, had fifty
telephone numbers, one for every fire station in the city. At the time, 117 was
solely used in the Metro Manila area by the Philippine National Police for the
reporting of ongoing crimes as part of a program called the "Patrol 117 Street
Patrol Program" in cooperation with the Foundation for Crime Prevention. Efforts
to expand the capabilities of 117 began in the 1990s, starting with the addition of
emergency medical services to the scope of 117 in Metro Manila through a
private-sector initiative called Project EARnet (Emergency Assistance
and Response network)

The ₱1.4 billion project was completed on August 2, 2003, with the opening of a
new 117 call center in Quezon City, serving the entire Metro Manila area.
Four more 117 call centers were opened in 2006, and the full network, consisting
of sixteen networked call centers, was rolled out in 2007.
In 2016, at his first cabinet meeting after his inauguration, President Rodrigo
Duterte vowed to put up a complaint hotline, 8888, while Presidential
Communications Secretary Martin Andanar said that the existing 117 hotline
would be replaced by 911.
911 service is available nationwide 24/7. Depending on the location of the call, a
911 call will route to any of the sixteen existing 117 call centers located in various
cities around the Philippines. Each call center serves a single region.
Telecommunications Commissioner Gamaliel Cordoba said that all calls to 911 will
be rerouted to the existing Patrol 117 hotline while the 911 command center is
not yet established.

What is Emergency?
An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk
to health, life, property, or environment. Most emergencies require urgent
intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations,
mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative
care for the aftermath.

How to Assist Emergency?

The actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency are critical. A
prompt warning to employees to evacuate, shelter or lockdown can save lives. A
call for help to public emergency services that provides full and accurate
information will help the dispatcher send the right responders and equipment.
An employee trained to administer first aid or perform CPR can be
lifesaving. Action by employees with knowledge of building and process systems
can help control a leak and minimize damage to the facility and the environment.

What is the first Steps when developing an emergency response plan?.

Is to conduct risk assessment to identify potential hazards and analyze what
could happen if a hazard occurs and what emergency plan should be established
with your performance objectives which is the milestones on the path to
achieving your preparedness with the program’s or goals. 
An understanding of what can happen will enable you to determine
resource requirements and to develop plans and procedures to prepare your
business.
What is Protective Actions for Life Safety?.
When there is a hazard within a building such as a fire or chemical spill,
occupants within the building should be evacuated or relocated to safety.
Other incidents such as a bomb threat or receipt of a suspicious package
may also require evacuation.
If a tornado warning is broadcast, everyone should be moved to the strongest
part of the building and away from exterior glass.
 
Protective actions for life safety include:
 
Evacuation
Sheltering
Shelter-In-Place
Lockdown

Evacuation
Prompt evacuation of employees requires a warning system that can be
heard throughout the building. Test your fire alarm system to determine if it can
be heard by all employees. If there is no fire alarm system, use a public address
system, air horns or other means to warn everyone to evacuate. Sound the
evacuation signal during planned drills so employees are familiar with the sound.
• Make sure that there are sufficient exits available at all times. Check to see
that there are at least two exits from hazardous areas on every floor of
every building. 
• Building or fire codes may require more exits for larger buildings. Walk
around the building and verify that exits are marked with exit signs and
there is sufficient lighting so people can safely travel to an exit.

• Enter every stairwell, walk down the stairs, and open the exit door to the
outside. Continue walking until you reach a safe place away from the
building. Consider using this safe area as an assembly area for evacuees.
• Appoint an evacuation team leader and assign employees to direct
evacuation of the building. Assign at least one person to each floor to act as
a “floor warden” to direct employees to the nearest safe exit.
• Have a list of employees and maintain a visitor log at the front desk,
reception area or main office area.
 • Assign someone to take the lists to the assembly area when the building is
evacuated.
• Use the lists to account for everyone and inform the fire department
whether everyone has been accounted for Or Apply OSHA Regulation which
is the federal state local laws and regulation.

Sheltering
If a tornado warning is broadcast, a distinct warning signal should be
sounded and everyone should move to shelter in the strongest part of the
building.
• Shelters may include basements or interior rooms with reinforced masonry
construction.
• Evaluate potential shelters and conduct a drill to see whether shelter space
can hold all employees.
• Since there may be little time to shelter when a tornado is approaching,
early warning is important.
• If there is a severe thunderstorm, monitor news sources in case a tornado
warning is broadcast.
• Consider purchasing an Emergency Alert System radio.

Shelter-In-Place
A tanker truck crashes on a nearby highway releasing a chemical cloud or a
large column of black smoke blows into the air or an explosion, or act of terrorism
has occurred, public emergency officials may order people in the vicinity to
“shelter-in-place.”
• The plan should include a means to warn everyone to move away from
windows and move to the core of the building.
• Warn anyone working outside to enter the building immediately.
• Move everyone to the second and higher floors in a multistory building.
Avoid occupying the basement.
• Close exterior doors and windows and shut down the building’s air handling
system.

Lockdown
An act of violence in the workplace could occur without warning.
• If loud “pops” are heard and gunfire is suspected, every employee should
know to hide and remain silent.
 • They should seek refuge in a room, close and lock the door, and barricade
the door if it can be done quickly.
• They should be trained to hide under a desk, in the corner of a room and
away from the door or windows.
• Multiple people should be trained to broadcast a lockdown warning from a
safe location.
 
 
Other emergency response scenario
Incident Stabilization
Stabilizing an emergency may involve many different actions including:
firefighting, administering medical treatment, rescue, containing a spill of
hazardous chemicals or handling a threat or act of violence.

Developing the Emergency Plan

Developing an emergency plan begins with an understanding of what can
happen. Consider the performance objectives that you established for your
program and decide how much you want to invest in planning beyond what is
required by regulations.
Prepare emergency procedures for foreseeable hazards and threats.
Develop hazard and threat.
 
Warning, Notifications, and Communications
• Plans should define the most appropriate protective action for each hazard
to ensure the safety of employees and others within the building.
• Determine how you will warn building occupants to take protective action.
• Develop protocols and procedures to alert first responders including public
emergency services, trained employees and management.
 
Training and Exercises
• Train personnel so they are familiar with detection, alarm, communications,
and warning and protection systems.
• Conduct evacuation, sheltering, sheltering-in-place and lockdown drills so
employees will recognize the sound used to warn them and they will know
what to do
10 Steps for Developing the Emergency Response Plan
• Review performance objectives for the program.
• Review hazard or threat scenarios identified during the risk assessment.
• Assess the availability and capabilities of resources for incident stabilization
including people, systems and equipment available within your business
and from external sources.
• Talk with public emergency services (e.g., fire, police and emergency
medical services) to determine their response time to your facility,
knowledge of your facility and its hazards and their capabilities to stabilize
an emergency at your facility.
• Determine if there are any regulations pertaining to emergency planning at
your facility; address applicable regulations in the plan.
• Develop protective actions for life safety (evacuation, shelter, shelter-in-
place, lockdown).
• Develop hazard and threat-specific emergency procedures.
• Coordinate emergency planning with public emergency services to stabilize
incidents involving the hazards at your facility.
• Train personnel so they can fulfill their roles and responsibilities.
• Facilitate exercises to practice your plan.

Hazards to Consider When Developing the Emergency Plan

Natural hazards
 
• Earthquake
• Tsunami
• Volcano
• Landslide, mudslide, subsidence
Meteorological Hazards
• Flood, flash flood, tidal surge
• Water control structure/dam/levee failure
• Drought
• Extreme temperatures (heat, cold)
Biological hazards
• Foodborne illnesses
• Pandemic/Infectious/communicable disease (Avian flu, H1N1, etc.)
 
 
Human-caused events
Accidental
• Hazardous material spill or release
• Nuclear power plant incident (if located in proximity to a nuclear power
plant)
• Explosion/Fire
• Transportation accident
• Building/structure collapse
• Transportation Incidents (motor vehicle, railroad, watercraft, aircraft,
pipeline)
Intentional hazard
• Robbery
• Lost person, child abduction, kidnap, extortion, hostage incident, workplace
violence
• Demonstrations, civil disturbance
• Bomb threat, suspicious package
Technology caused events
• Utility interruption or failure (telecommunications, electrical power, water,
gas, steam, HVAC, pollution control system, sewerage system.

Weaknesses in Crisis Management Plans

Failure to adequately collect information or data and to plan around it.
  This aspect of crisis management planning includes determining potential
hazards or crisis situations, analyzing them, and designing or creating a variety of
responses. Information required may include company policy procedures,
information regarding the organization, and regulatory rules and laws enacted by
state or federal mandates.
Failure to establish a command hierarchy or structure.
  For example, addressing an emergency or crisis in an elementary school
requires approaches different from those taken in a nuclear power plant. Trying
to fit a generic emergency response tactic to inappropriate scenarios is useless.
Weaknesses in Crisis Management Plans
Failure to adequately collect information or data and to plan around it.
  This aspect of crisis management planning includes determining potential
hazards or crisis situations, analyzing them, and designing or creating a variety of
responses. Information required may include company policy procedures,
information regarding the organization, and regulatory rules and laws enacted by
state or federal mandates.
Failure to establish a command hierarchy or structure.
  For example, addressing an emergency or crisis in an elementary school
requires approaches different from those taken in a nuclear power plant. Trying
to fit a generic emergency response tactic to inappropriate scenarios is useless.

Weaknesses in Crisis Management Plans

Failure to adequately collect information or data and to plan around it.
  This aspect of crisis management planning includes determining potential
hazards or crisis situations, analyzing them, and designing or creating a variety of
responses. Information required may include company policy procedures,
information regarding the organization, and regulatory rules and laws enacted by
state or federal mandates.
Failure to establish a command hierarchy or structure.
  For example, addressing an emergency or crisis in an elementary school
requires approaches different from those taken in a nuclear power plant. Trying
to fit a generic emergency response tactic to inappropriate scenarios is useless.

Inability to clearly designate team or organizational responsibilities. 

Inability to provide clear procedures and information regarding an
individual team member's specific duties, tasks, or functions in an emergency
situation will create indecision, confusion, and an inability to perform at optimal
levels. Identifying responsibilities and expectations is an important and vital
aspect of team management and should be reviewed regularly to ensure that
every team member knows exactly what are his or her job functions and
responsibilities.
Inability to effectively communicate with outside community members. 
Those members include emergency services, such as hospitals, police, and
fire departments. An emergency plan should designate to where individuals
should be evacuated. It should identify support organizations and make contact
information available so they are alerted immediately and without question.

Failure to make crisis information easily understandable, accessible, and

implementable. 
Every individual on a crisis management team should be clear about his or
her job duties and responsibilities.
As you can see, most of the failures listed above rely heavily on communications
and the free flow of information and resources. 

Conclusion
In my Every Emergency there is only one way to handle it without failure, follow
standard procedures and should establish a corrective application provided by
the government and establishment itself if this procedure is followed a low
possibility of a failure well be achieve just don’t forget to conduct drill which will
enable each members idea on what to do in such emergency.
Failure happens when you allow company to run without emergency response
plan.

Recommendation
Everyone as a member of the company or government should follow
correct procedures avoid corruption from both parties and apply standard
inspection to establishment when it is safe or not, apply and conduct drill not just
establish by government but also with the company itself, maintain safeness on
facilities all the time not just for inspection.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-1-1_(Philippines)
https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/crisis-management/
weaknesses-in-crisis-management-plans.htm
https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/emergency
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=Emergency+response+number+in+Phil&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CbHzlyPbdy8NIjhE
tmZ5fm0qobn436OhNC1cBZFwKzj2Y2hrh2ze6bmThR8gydA3H5xNnb-5BCIVgu-
ixEFEB5gP_1ioSCUS2Znl.
https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/safe-design