Cos2018 2019

OFFICE OF THE DEAN OF STUDIES
Course
of Study
2018–2019
180 Main Street

Andover, Mass. 01810-4161
978-749-4050
www.andover.edu
201 Return to Table of Contents

CONTENTS
General Information....................................................... 2 Philosophy & Religious Studies.................................. 68
Planning a Program of Study........................................ 4 Physical Education....................................................... 72
Art.................................................................................... 7 Psychology.................................................................... 73
Classical Studies (see World Languages)................... 82 Theatre & Dance........................................................... 74
Dance (see Theatre & Dance)...................................... 74 World Languages.......................................................... 79

Chinese.................................................................... 79
English........................................................................... 14
Classics.................................................................... 82
History & Social Science.............................................. 27 Greek........................................................................ 82
Latin......................................................................... 84
Interdisciplinary Studies.............................................. 36
French...................................................................... 85
Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science........... 46 German.................................................................... 87

Japanese.................................................................. 89
Music............................................................................. 54 Russian.................................................................... 90
Spanish.................................................................... 92
Natural Sciences........................................................... 59
Biology..................................................................... 59
Chemistry................................................................ 61
Interdisciplinary Science........................................ 63
Physics..................................................................... 65
PLEASE NOTE: The information that follows is accurate as of this 8/1/18 update.
Phillips Academy reserves the right to make subsequent changes.

GE N ERAL INFORM ATION
The Educational Program

Phillips Academy’s educational program comprises academic, athletic, and community dimensions. The Blue Book describes the opportuni-
ties, requirements, responsibilities, and expectations associated with these different elements. The Course of Study describes the required
elements of the educational program and includes the course catalog.
Diploma Requirements
The basic diploma requirement is the satisfactory completion of a four-year secondary school program, with the senior year at Andover. The
student must be in good standing (not on probation or under suspension) at the time of graduation. A student who has been dismissed is
ineligible for a diploma unless readmitted.
To be eligible for a diploma, all students must satisfy the Department of Physical Education’s swimming requirement. Certain diploma
requirements vary with the class level at which the student enters Phillips Academy. Entering Juniors and Lowers must pass Physical
Education 200 and a one-term course offered by the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies (usually taken in the lower year).
Some modifications of the language requirement are made for entering Uppers and Seniors. Entering Seniors with no previous world lan-
guage experience must pass one year in a world language.
Students are subject to the following diploma requirements in the visual and performing arts:
• Entering Juniors must earn no fewer than four credits (combined) in art, music, and theatre and dance, with at least one credit each in
art and music. Students should have completed one credit in art and one credit in music by the end of their junior year.
• Entering Lowers must earn no fewer than three credits (combined) in art, music, and theatre and dance, with at least one credit each in
art and music.
• Entering Uppers need to pass one term of either art or music at the Academy.
Additional details about the manner in which these requirements are to be fulfilled can be found in the opening descriptions of the departments.
Term credits required for the diploma (including credits earned prior to enrolling at Andover) are:
54 for entering Juniors
51 for entering Lowers
48 for entering Uppers
48 for entering Seniors
During their upper and senior years, students must accumulate a minimum of 27 term credits, with a minimum of 12 graded term credits
during senior year. Approved Independent Projects are counted as graded courses.

The following table shows a summary of diploma requirements. Additional details about the manner in which these requirements are to be
fulfilled can be found in the opening descriptions of the departments.
4-year student 3-year student 2-year student 1-year student
Art, Music, 1 art, 1 music, plus 1 art, 1 music, and 1 art or 1 music None
Theatre & Dance 2 more of art, music, 1 more art, music,
and/or theatre and dance or theatre and dance
English English 100, 200, and 300 English 200 and 300 English 301 and 3 terms 3 terms***
at 500-level
World Languages Completion of 3 terms of Completion of 3 terms of Completion of 3 terms of If student does not have
300-level through the 300-level through the 300-level or 1 term of three years of language
regular or accelerated regular or accelerated 400-level or completion of previously a 3-term sequence
sequence OR 6 terms of sequence OR 6 terms of 6 terms of a new world
less commonly taught plus less commonly taught plus language (following
3 terms of other language* 3 terms of other language* successful student petition)
OR 3 terms of less OR 3 terms of less
commonly taught plus 6 commonly taught plus 6
terms of other language.* terms of other language.*
History & History 100A and 100B History 201 in 10th grade History 300** If no prior credit for
Social Science in 9th grade, History 201 and History 300 U.S. history, then 1 year:
and 202 in 10th grade, History 300 or 320
and History 300 plus an additional term
Lab Science Two 3-term lab sciences Two 3-term lab sciences Two 3-term lab sciences Two 3-term lab sciences
(including yearlong (including yearlong (including yearlong
lab sciences taken at lab sciences taken at lab sciences taken at
previous high school) previous high school) previous high school)
Math Completion of Completion of Completion of Placement at 500-level

Math 280 or 340 Math 280 or 340 Math 280 or 340 or higher course or Math 400
Philosophy & 1 term (10th grade unless 1 term None None

Religious Studies granted an exception)
Physical Education 1 term (10th grade) 1 term (10th grade) Pass swim test Pass swim test
*The other language may also be less commonly taught. Students must have the division head’s approval to pursue the 2 + 1 option.
**If given credit by the department chair for a U.S. history course taken previously, then three terms must be taken of other courses in the department.
***One-year international students must take English 498 and 499, and most PGs must take one term of English 495.

P L A N N IN G A P R OGRAM OF STUDY AT ANDOVER
The following is designed to help Andover students and their parents understand the curriculum and to show the major decisions (and their
consequences) that face students at each stage of the four-year academic program.
At various stages of their program, it may be advisable for students to take standardized tests such as the PSAT, SAT, ACT, and Advanced
Placement (AP) Exams. Students should consult with their teachers, advisors, and with the College Counseling Office regarding the appro-
priate time to take these assessments.
Junior Year
When planning a program of study, students are reminded to include all diploma requirement courses.
Each term a Junior must take five or six courses. A Junior’s program typically will include the following courses:
Arts Introductory Art (ART225) and Introductory Music (by placement) (2 terms)
In addition, many Juniors will take one or two additional courses in the arts (art, music, or theatre and
dance) or elective courses in other departments.
English ENG100 (3 terms)
History HSS100A and HSS100B (2 terms)
Mathematics Enter the sequence by placement of the department and take 3 terms
Science Most students take BIO100; students placing in MTH280 or higher may
wish to consider other sciences. (3 terms)
World Language Enter the sequence by placement of the department (often at 100-level), and take 3 terms
Most Juniors take six courses two of their three terms, often completing three courses in the arts.
Lower Year
Each term a Lower may take five or six courses. (See the The Blue Book for the policy on six-course loads.) Most Lowers take six courses
during the term they take Physical Education.
A Lower’s program typically will include the following courses:
New Students
Arts A 300-level art course or a theatre and dance course (1 term)
Introductory music, by placement (1 term)
History HSS201 (1 term)
Mathematics Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms typically)
Physical Education PHD200 (1 term)
Science Usually one 3-term lab science
World Language Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms)
Returning Students
History HSS201 and HSS202 (2 terms)
Mathematics Continue the sequence (3 terms typically)
Phil/Rel Studies A 300-level course in philosophy and religious studies (1 term)
Physical Education PHD200 (1 term)
Science One 3-term lab science
World Language Continue the sequence (3 terms)
In addition, some Lowers will take additional courses in the arts (art, music, or theatre and dance) or elective courses in other departments.
Lowers seeking alternate programs of study (e.g., two languages, two sciences) should consult with the Dean of Studies Office.

Upper Year
During the Upper and Senior years, a student must accumulate a minimum of 27 credits. Each term an Upper must take five courses.
(Occasionally it is appropriate for an Upper to take six courses—see The Blue Book for the policy on six-course loads.)
A student wishing to participate in an approved off-campus program during all or part of the Upper year should discuss these plans with
their advisor and consult the Dean of Students Office for guidance with their course plan.
An Upper’s program will typically include the following courses:
New Students
History Usually HSS300. This may be taken senior year. (3 terms)
Mathematics Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms, typically)
Science or other elective Art, computer science, history, another mathematics, another language, music,
philosophy and religious studies, theatre/dance, or interdisciplinary (3 terms, typically)
World Language Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms)
New Uppers may consult with our college counseling office prior to arriving on campus for guidance in planning their program of study.
Returning Students
History Usually HSS300. This may be taken senior year. (3 terms)
Mathematics Continue the sequence (3 terms, typically)
Science or other elective art, computer science, history, another mathematics, another language, music,
philosophy and religious studies, theatre/dance, or interdisciplinary (3 terms, typically)
World Language Continue the sequence (3 terms, typically)
Senior Year
Seniors are expected to take five courses each term. (Occasionally it is appropriate for a Senior to take four or six courses; see The Blue Book
for policies on four- and six-course loads.)
During the Upper and Senior years, a student must accumulate a minimum of 27 credits. A credit equals one course taken for one term. A
Senior must earn a minimum of 12 graded term credits during the senior year. Seniors must have passing term grades for all courses taken
during their spring term in order to graduate. New students, including international students, should pay particular attention to the intro-
ductory paragraphs for the English and history sections of this document.
A Senior’s program typically includes the following courses:
New Students
English As placed by the department (3 terms)
Mathematics Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms)
World Language Enter the sequence by placement of the department if the requirement is not yet satisfied (3 terms)
Other Courses In addition, new Seniors typically take courses in art, computer science, another English or
history, mathematics, music, philosophy and religious studies, science, classics, or theatre/dance
Returning Students
Returning Seniors must be sure to take any remaining courses needed to meet diploma requirements. Careful selection of electives for con-
tinued depth in the student’s chosen areas is encouraged. Two-year students must take English electives at the 500 level each term.

Course Enrollments & Cancellations
The school sometimes cannot offer certain planned courses or must change the term in which they are offered due to student enrollment or
staffing limitations. A course with low enrollment may be canceled at any time up to the third day of classes. Likewise, the school has the
right to restrict enrollment in any course when sign-ups exceed the departmentally determined course capacity.
Course Numbers
The first digit corresponds to the “level” of the course:
• Level 1 = 100; for courses that introduce a subject (SPA100) or that are typically taken by Juniors (BIO100, ENG100)
• Level 2 = 200; for courses that are the second level in a sequence (SPA200) or courses that are typically taken by Lowers or Juniors
(ART225, HSS201)
• Level 3 = 300; for courses that are the third level in a sequence (SPA300), or for courses that are appropriate for Uppers (ENG300) or for
Juniors, Lowers, and Uppers (PHR300, CHM300), or for courses with assumed prior experience (ART3XX)
• Level 4 = 400; for courses that are the fourth level in a sequence, or for courses that are appropriate for Uppers and Seniors (but do not
qualify for the 500 of 600 designations)
• Level 5 = 500; for courses equivalent to college freshman classes, sometimes, but not always, indicated by explicit preparation for an
AP exam
• Level 6 = 600; for courses that would typically be taken by majors in the subject in college, or for courses typically taken after the first
year of college
• Performance-based credit = 900; for course credit associated with performance in music or theatre and dance.
The second and third digits, and any appended letters, reflect organization schemes at the departmental level.
Key to Course Designations

The designations T1, T2, and T3 indicate the term during which the course is offered: T1 = Fall; T2 = Winter; T3 = Spring. Carefully
check each course description for any other limitations: prerequisites, permission of the instructor or the department chair required, etc.

A RT
The visual arts program emphasizes artistic thinking and the development of creative thinking in relation to the techniques of a medium,
history of visual ideas, and expressive potential of one’s own experience and culture. Students have the opportunity to explore particular
areas in depth on both the introductory and advanced levels.
Diploma Requirements in Art
• Entering Juniors must earn no fewer than a total of four credits in art, music, and theatre and dance, with at least one credit each in art
and music. Those who enter as Juniors should complete one credit in music and one credit in art by the end of their junior year.
• New Lowers must earn no fewer than three credits in art, music, and theatre and dance, with at least one credit each in art and music.
• New Uppers must take at least one term of either art or music.
• New Seniors have no diploma requirement in music, but are encouraged to take at least one term of art, music, or theatre.
Art Placements
• Students who matriculated as Juniors should take ART225 by the end of junior year, which qualifies them for any 300-level art elective.
Juniors with a strong background in art may seek permission from the department chair to enroll directly in a 300-level art elective
chosen in consultation with the chair. Placement in 300-level courses are granted on the basis of a student’s previous coursework and a
portfolio of recent art.
• Students who matriculated as Lowers should enroll in a 300-level art elective during their lower year to fulfill the diploma requirement.
• Students who matriculated as Uppers can fulfill their diploma requirement in the visual and performing arts by completing a 300-level
art elective. Moving directly into 500-level electives requires the permission of the instructor and the department chair. Permission is
granted on the basis of a student’s previous coursework and a portfolio of recent art.
• Entering Seniors and PGs have no diploma requirement in art. They may take any 300- or 400-level elective (excluding ART410,
Photographic Truths and Fictions) or ART506 (Film Photography). Moving directly into other 500-level electives requires the permission of
the instructor and the department chair. Permission is granted on the basis of a student’s previous coursework and a portfolio of recent art.
• Entering students considering ART600 (Advanced Studio Art) should check prerequisites or consult with the department chair and their
advisor to plan a program that includes at least two art electives beyond the diploma requirement, for a total of three studio art classes.
Students who are not able to complete all three studio prerequisites can request permission from the instructor and the department chair
to enroll in the class. Permission will be granted on the basis of a student’s previous coursework, a portfolio of recent work, and evidence
of ability to work independently.
Visual Studies for Juniors
Visual Studies
ART225
(T1, T2, T3)
For Juniors. Visual Studies focuses on artistic thinking, visual vocabulary, visual literacy, and the relationship of making and thinking. Why
do humans create? And how? Projects, discussions, and visits to the Addison Gallery of American Art and Peabody Museum of Archaeology
focus students on their own creative work and what they perceive in the world around them. Students use a range of media (such as
drawing, collage, photography, video, or clay) to expand their perceptual, conceptual, and technical skills, and develop the visual language
needed to communicate their experiences and ideas. Juniors who complete ART225 are eligible to take any of the 300-level art electives.
300-Level Electives
Students who have successfully completed a 300-level elective are eligible to take other 300-level electives or the corresponding 500-level
elective.
Architecture I
ART301
(T1, T3)
This course will introduce the basic principles of architectural design through a sequence of related projects in drawing, site analysis, and
research into precedent, culminating in the design of a space or structure. The design projects will change from Term 1 to Term 3 and will
address architectural design in different contexts so that a student wishing to continue with architecture at the 500-level can work with a
variety of design issues. With hands-on sketches, drawings, and models, students will explore the issues of a well-planned structure and learn
to see the environment in terms of human scale, materials, and the organization of space. Class time will include discussions and demon-
strations as well as studio time. There will be a required evening lab. Students often find that this class requires more than the usual amount
of homework time. Students who complete ART301 are eligible to take other 300-level art electives or ART501. (Mr. Lawson)
Prerequisite: Juniors must have completed ART225.

Clay and the Ancestral Pot
ART302
(T1, T2, T3)
This course explores ceramics from a variety of perspectives, including archaeology, geology, and studio art. As a studio class, students
will experiment with a range of hand-building techniques while answering studio assignments. The aesthetics of form and surface will be
a principle focus. In addition, this class will investigate clay from the perspective of geology, archaeology, and human evolution. Visits to
examine the Peabody Museum of Archaeology’s collection will offer historical context and a rich array of objects to frame class discussions
and assignments. In Term 1, a field component will take students out into the environment to source and dig their own clay. Students who
complete ART302 are eligible to take other 300-level art electives or ART502. (Mr. Zaeder)
Drawing I: Methods and Materials

ART304
(T1, T2, T3)
Drawing is fundamentally about learning how to see and how to translate that vision onto paper through a variety of mark-making tech-
niques. Through in-class exercises and formal assignments, students learn the language of drawing and develop skills relating to contour,
gesture, and fully rendered compositions. Course concepts include the depiction of three-dimensional form on a two-dimensional plane,
use of light and dark contrast, and sighting. Assignments are designed to develop students’ skills in drawing representationally from direct
observation and to encourage creative and expressive thinking. Students who successfully complete ART304 are eligible to take other 300-
level art electives or ART504. (Ms. Trespas)
Painting I: Paint, Palette, and Process

ART305
(T1, T3)
Develop skills with the basic elements of painting in acrylics as you explore different approaches to generate ideas for paintings. Learn how
dots become complex abstract compositions or how the game of Pictionary prompts surreal spaces. Working from both the imagination and
observation, specific projects are assigned to facilitate the study of fundamental paint handling, color mixing, and blending. Issues of form
and space relationships, composition, and development of ideas are addressed in balance with the student’s desire for self-expression. Class
critiques and visits to the Addison Gallery of American Art complement the actual painting process. Students who successfully complete
ART305 are eligible to take other 300-level art electives or ART505. (Ms. Trespas)
Printmaking: Beyond the Matrix

ART307
(T2)
Students develop personal imagery while learning monoprint and relief printmaking techniques. Images are constructed by drawing,
painting, or carving surfaces such as plastic or rubber. These are inked and transferred to paper by hand or printing press. Often several
impressions will be “pulled” from one printing plate and combined with another print or form. Book Arts, digital printing, installation, and
working serially are integrated. A collaborative project, with individualized contributions, allows students to explore theme and team-based
creative methods. Opportunities for use of laser- and vinyl cutters in The Nest (the Academy’s makerspace) are also availed. This class can
be taken more than once. (Ms. Trespas)
Sculpture: Clay, Plaster, Welded Wire, and Japanese Papermaking

ART308
(NOT OFFERED IN 2018–2019)
Sculpture is an all-inclusive field, with contemporary sculptors working in a wide range of media and inspired by everything from technol-
ogy, ecology, and the human psyche to literature, music, and the work of other artists. In this same spirit, students will explore a variety of
sources and materials and, in some cases, found objects. Through the process of sculpting in clay and building with wire and delicate paper
made from mulberry bark, students will develop technical and conceptual skills for working and thinking three-dimensionally. Projects will
involve a creative investigation of the expressive potential of materials, structure, imagery, and context through a process of careful observa-
tion, experimentation, making, and reflecting. (Ms. Zemlin)

Video I
ART309
(T1, T2, T3)
Students will consider the broad scope of the video medium in daily life as well as its role in art, popular culture, and journalism. Students
will shoot and edit their own video works throughout the term. Class time will include viewing and discussing historical film and video
work as well as giving feedback on completed student projects. Projects will explore techniques and ideas around basic shooting and editing;
montage; found footage; and post-production effects as well as narrative, truth, and fiction. Cameras will be provided by the Polk-Lillard
Center. Students who successfully complete ART309 are eligible to take other 300-level art electives or ART509. (Mr. Kelman)
Digital Photography I: Appreciating Light, Color, and Time

ART310
(T1, T2, T3)
In this introductory digital photography course, students will examine the concept of beauty in the environment and how an audience may
appreciate the poetic and contemplative experience of a photograph. Small projects each week enable students to exercise a number of the
creative controls in good camerawork using DSLR cameras. Students will be guided through a work flow process in the Polk-Lillard Center
to adapt to a regular photographic practice. Non-destructive editing, adjustments, retouching, and composite imagery also will be explored as
will introductory studio lighting. Students will have the opportunity to edit from each small project to construct small print and digital port-
folios by term’s end. Loaner DSLR cameras are available through the Polk-Lillard Center, or students may use their personal DSLRs. Students
who successfully complete ART310 are eligible for ART410, ART510, ART506, and other 300-level art electives. (Mr. Membreno-Canales)
Design for Living: Innovate and Fabricate

ART311
(T2)
In this course, students will explore product design by developing a concept and prototypes using 3-D printing, laser-cutting, sewing, and
a range of hand modeling techniques. As starting points for projects, students will be looking to nature, a particular need, or a particular
product, depending on the assignments. During the term, students will conduct investigations of designs, develop and build prototypes in
response to their investigations, conduct more tests, and ultimately produce a final prototype. Class time will include discussions and dem-
onstrations as well as studio time in Benner House (ceramics) and The Nest (the Academy’s makerspace). There will be a required evening
lab. Due to the iterative nature of design, students should expect to devote more than the usual amount of homework time to their projects
This class can be taken more than once. (Mr. Lawson)
Weaving: When the Paleolithic Meets the Digital Age

ART314
(T3)
This hands-on studio class will provide opportunities for students to investigate the rich technical, conceptual, and visual potential of weav-
ing. Students will learn and experiment with weaving patterns and imagery on frame-looms and on back-strap looms made from decommis-
sioned climbing harnesses and carabineers. Students also will design threading drafts (essentially simple coding) for card weaving projects.
Floor looms are available for final projects, and Shibori (Japanese tie-dye) dyeing provides a break between weaving projects.
Weaving is the oldest known technology and yet the earliest looms share many similarities with contemporary computer technology. The
punch card system that was developed in the 1800s to control power looms was later adopted for computerized data processing in the 20th
century. This historical context, along with issues of gender and culture, will inform our studio projects, and students will be challenged to
draw their ideas and imagery from personal interests, contemporary fine art, crafts, and the textile collections at the Peabody Museum of
Archaeology and the Addison Gallery of American Art. This class can be taken more than once. (Ms. Zemlin)
Special topics in Video: Dance on Camera

ART319
(T2)
Students will explore the possibilities of dance as a subject for video, and the camera as a tool for choreography. All participants will be
encouraged to spend time shooting and editing video as well as moving for the camera. We will view a broad span of historical and con-
temporary experiments with dance, performance, and video, potentially including the documentary “Paris is Burning” about the 1980s
New York voguing scene, the filmed works of John Cage and Merce Cunningham, Jacolby Satterwhite’s use of dance and animation, Wim
Wenders’ film about Pina Bausch, Jennifer Monson’s traveling ecological dances, early video-performance art, music videos, viral YouTube
dance videos, and more. Students will learn a range of techniques for shooting in different indoor and outdoor environments; we will
explore a wide range of approaches to editing including close attention to soundtrack, experiments with post-production effects, and various
montage strategies. We may engage with lighting and projected video for live performance as well. This class will be open to beginner, inter-
mediate, and advanced video students. This class will also require some afternoon, evening or weekend time for shooting with appropriate

release time from class when needed to accomplish the video projects and culminate in public screening/performance. (Mr. Kelman and
Ms. Wombwell)
Prerequisite: ART225 or equivalent.
The Artist: Media and Meaning

ART350
This course explores how artists develop images. While learning to think as artists, students will learn to develop ideas using visual language
to communicate ideas. Student projects will focus on the expressive possibilities of image making with 2-D and 3-D media, including the
synergy between digital technologies and traditional hands-on applications of material such as digital photography, drawing, clay, welded
wire, and collage. In class presentations and lectures, examples from art and popular culture will provide context for discussions relevant to
personal and cultural topics.
400-Level Electives
Visual Culture: Curating the Addison Collection

ART400
(T1)
This course will focus on the study of American art. A significant part of the course will be spent interacting with the Addison Gallery of
American Art staff, current exhibitions, and the gallery’s vast collection of images and objects. Students will engage in the curatorial process
and, as “curators,” will go through the steps of developing and creating a thematic exhibition based on selected artwork from the collection
that they will tie in with the history and context of American Art. Students will explore the Addison collection and experience what makes
a museum function. Readings, writing assignments, and research projects will help students engage, confront, and discuss a wide range of
art forms and raise questions about the nature of art and exhibitions. (Dr. Sparling Williams, Visiting Scholar in Art History and Assistant
Curator at the Addison Gallery of American Art)
Photographic Truths and Fictions

ART410
ART410 is a term-contained opportunity for students to apply critical thinking and observational skills to the discernment of authenticity
in the daily consumption of media imagery and stories. Authenticity will be established based on source, voice, and issues of trust and biases
that inform the construction of photographs and their expression as political works of art or as prominent elements in journalistic and com-
mercial media. Class discussions of rhetorical strategies and sessions on the methods of metadata analysis, reverse image search, and cross
checking of facts and sources will promote the development of civic online reasoning skills to differentiate fact from fiction and satire from
real news. Students will create group and individual multimedia projects that inform citizens’ trust of media and its commercial or political
messages. Students who complete ART410 are eligible to take ART510 and ART506. (Mr. Membreno-Canales)
Prerequisite: ART310 or permission of the instructor and the department chair.
Art and Mathematics

ART415 or MTH415 (may be taken as an Art, Math, or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT508AM)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Art, Math, or Interdisciplinary. How can mathematicians use art to create proofs and how can artists use math as a
basis for concept and imagery? How can these connections help to clarify or develop both mathematical and artistic processes? Students in
this class will be using math to generate designs and structures that will function as the starting point in the creation of unique and expres-
sive works of art. Students can expect to complete three to four projects utilizing mathematical topics. The class will explore mathematical
areas such as sequences, geometry, number theory, and transformations along with art studio processes such as painting, collage, folding
(origami), drawing, and building with welded wire. On-campus field trips will include the Addison Gallery, the Knafel Map Collection, and
the Peabody Institute. (Ms. Zemlin and Ms. Buckwalter)
Prerequisite: Open to Lowers, Uppers, and Seniors who have completed MTH340. Completion of ART225 or a 300-level art elective is
recommended but not required.

Histories of Art
ART441 (may be taken as an Art or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT503HA1)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in Art or Interdisciplinary. Michelangelo’s David. A three-second Snapchat. The Rothko Chapel. Video of a
police officer shooting Tamir Rice. O’Keeffe’s flowers.
Images constantly and incessantly bombard us, yet how do we process, deconstruct, and understand them? How do we place them in larger
cultural, political, and social contexts? How do we wallow in beauty and magnificence? How do we discern a variety of meanings and best
ensure we are not victims of ideology?
In this three-term multidisciplinary course, students explore images and objects as primary sources unveiling the values and ideas of the
society in which they were produced. Particular attention is paid to the effects of class, economics, gender, national identity, politics, race,
religion, sexual orientation, technology, and urbanism on art and visual culture. By focusing on both form and context, students foster a
visual literacy that will serve them well for a lifetime. Although the course focuses primarily on the traditional “fine” arts, students develop
the skills and dispositions to navigate varied elements of contemporary visual culture, including Snapchats and amateur videos.
Throughout the year, students use local collections and exhibitions for the study of original works. Students enrolled in ART443 also are
eligible to join an optional study trip to Europe during Spring Break.
ART441, Term 1—Beginning with art as mimesis—as representation of “reality”—in Greece, Term 1 concludes with the further develop-
ment of art during the Renaissance in Italy. Along the way, students encounter creators such as Giotto and Leonardo and explore many
topics, including the development of organized labor, economics of the Medici Bank, evolution of the social status of some creators from
craftsman to artist, devastation caused by the Black Death, gendering of different media (e.g., tapestries versus sculpture), and the power of
monarchy and papacy.
ART442, Term 2—Term 2 stretches from the Reformation through Impressionism. Students examine themes throughout, including the
evolving tension over the obscuring of boundaries between the wonders of art and the wonders of nature; the gradual shift of sovereignty
from pope and king to individual and from patron to artist; the development of photography; the prevalence of rape imagery; the changes
in social regulation, spectacle, and exhibition; and the rise of “globalism” in London and Paris. Students study artists such as Caravaggio,
Rembrandt, Bonheur, Courbet, and Monet.
ART443, Term 3—Covering the end of the 19th century to the present day, students in Term 3 encounter a range of artists, including Paul
Cézanne, Pablo Picasso, Käthe Kollwitz, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, El Anatsui, and Banksy. Among other topics,
students explore the fragmentation and disappearance of mimetic art, the global catastrophes of depression and war, the development of the
cinema, the feminist art movement and the challenges of intersectionality, the solidification of art as commodity (i.e., the economics of the
contemporary art market and the politics of museum display), and the postmodern dismantling of the Eurocentric tradition that permeates
contemporary visual culture. (Mr. Fox)
Prerequisite: Open to Lowers, Uppers, and Seniors, who may take one, two, or three terms; completion of ART225 or a 300-level art elective is
What Is America? What Is American Art?

ART465 (May be taken as an Art or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT529WA)
(T3)
One credit assigned in either Art or Interdisciplinary. Utilizing the Addison Gallery of American Art’s collection, ART465 students will
have the opportunity to learn how aspects of history and culture are portrayed, expressed, and shaped by art and in art collections. This
course will guide students through themes in American art from the 19th century to the present and explore the history of the Addison
Gallery’s collecting practices, beginning with the gallery’s founding in 1931. ART465 will split time between the classroom and the Addison.
In the classroom, students will learn about and discuss historical developments in American art. In the galleries, students will hone their
skills in visual analysis while applying historical knowledge gained from assigned readings and in-class discussion to deepen their understand-
ing of objects in the Addison’s collection. Students are expected to engage deeply with the Addison collection, complete all readings and
assignments on time, and work collaboratively with their peers.
Students will walk away from this class with a foundational understanding of major themes in American art and an overview of the
Addison’s collecting practices over time as well as important and transferable visual literacy skills.
Based on their term-long study of the Addison Gallery’s collection and the history of American art, students will be asked to draft an acqui-
sition proposal for their final project in the class. These final projects will be used by the gallery’s curatorial team to guide future acquisition
considerations. (Dr. Sparling Williams, Visiting Scholar in Art History and Assistant Curator at the Addison Gallery)
Prerequisite: Open to Lowers, Uppers, and Seniors; completion of ART225 or a 300-level art elective is recommended but not required.

500-Level Electives
Architecture II
ART501
(T1, T3)
ART501 is designed as a continuation of ART301 for students who wish to develop and further expand their ideas. The sequence of proj-
ects throughout Term 1 and Term 3 is designed to allow a student to study a range of architectural issues by addressing different contexts—
a natural setting (Term 1) and an urban context (Term 3). After taking ART501 once, and in consultation with the instructor, students
can develop a term-long project that includes research and analysis as well as a developed design that they choose independent of the class
assignment. This course also will offer the possibility of developing a multidisciplinary project in coordination with work in another class.
ART501 meets in conjunction with students from ART301 and can be taken more than once. (Mr. Lawson)
Prerequisite: ART301
Ceramics II
ART502
(T3)
This course is designed for students who have completed Clay and The Ancestral Pot (ART302) and wish to continue their study of ceramics.
As an advanced course, students will be asked to expand on their existing knowledge of ceramics, strengthen their technical skills, and seek
sophisticated solutions to given assignments. In addition to their own work in the studio, students can expect to pursue some research and
inquiry into the work of contemporary ceramic artists. Outside reading and visits to the Peabody Museum of Archaeology also will be a part
of the course. This class can be taken more than once. (Mr. Zaeder)
Drawing II: Further Explorations

ART504
This advanced course builds on the knowledge and skills developed in Drawing I while helping students find and express their personal
voice through drawing. ART504 focuses on thematic subjects and continues to stress the balance between observational and perceptual skills
and the development of concepts, compositions, and techniques. Proportion, spatial studies, the understanding of color, and the explora-
tion of mixed media will be some of the areas explored. This class can be taken more than once. (Ms. Trespas)
Painting II: Inside-Outside

ART505
(T3)
Paraphrasing Henri Matisse, this class will explore “not how to paint things but how to paint the difference between things.” Painting and
drawing from both the imagination and observation, students learn ways of working with water-mixable oils and other media. To broaden
the definition of what paintings can be, students may combine traditional methods and materials with collage and mixed media while devel-
oping a series of related pieces. Emphasis is placed on cultivating solid technical skills with light, color, and form as well as inventive and
challenging approaches to subjects that encourage artistic growth. Critiques and visits to the Addison Gallery are important components of
this course. This class can be taken more than once. (Ms. Trespas)
Film Photography: Exploring 19th- and 20th-Century Photographic Praxis

ART506
This is a traditional black and white photographic darkroom laboratory course. Students will meet in George Washington Hall’s
Photography Darkroom area to explore early 19th- and 20th-century techniques of generating photographic images such as the pinhole,
cyanotype, and black and white silver gelatin photographic prints. Film cameras will be provided for students to explore the magic of light-
sensitive silver materials. Laboratory instruction in printing fine art images with variable contrast filters will be provided. Assignments and
discussions of historical landscape, portrait, and the documentary traditions will further enhance each student’s understanding of how a
photographer carefully selects and represents their vision of the world. This class can be taken more than once.
Prerequisite: No prerequisite for Uppers and Seniors; Juniors and Lowers must have completed ART310.

Video II: Special Topics in Video
ART509
(T3)
This course gives students a chance to more deeply investigate areas of video introduced in ART309. In a given term, the course will focus
on a particular mode of video making; this focus will change on a rotating basis from Term 1 to Term 2. Topics of term-long focus will
include the video essay, documentary/journalism, and animation/experimental video. Students will have the opportunity to pursue their
own interests within the given topic. Class time will include viewing historical work in film and video, technical workshops, and feedback
sessions on one another’s projects. This class may be taken more than once. (Mr. Kelman)
Photography II: The Advanced Photographic Portfolio

ART510
(T2, T3)
A companion course to ART310, this course will exercise students’ working knowledge of DSLR work flow and nondestructive editing.
This advanced photography opportunity is designed for students who wish to go deeper in the development and tightly edited execution of
a self-motivated thematic photography portfolio. Additionally, there will be demonstrations on creating and printing from digital negatives
and some advanced studio lighting work. Editorial guidance in the production of a well-defined project will be provided for print, installa-
tion, digital, and/or e-book portfolios. Project work may include case studies; interdisciplinary or small group research topics are encour-
aged. This class can be taken more than once. (Mr. Membreno-Canales)
Prerequisite: ART310 and/or ART410.
Design for Living II

ART511
(T2)
ART511 is designed as a continuation of ART311 for students who wish to develop and further expand their ideas. The sequence of projects
throughout the term is designed to allow a student to study a range of design issues by addressing different contexts and functions.
Students have the opportunity to develop a term-long project that includes research and analysis as well as a developed design that they
choose, independent of the class assignment. This course also will offer the possibility of developing a multidisciplinary component in coor-
dination with work in another class. ART511 meets in conjunction with students from ART311 and can be taken more than once.
(Mr. Lawson)
600-Level Elective
ART600 is open to Uppers and Seniors in all art media who have taken at least three art classes and are interested in self-directed projects.
Advanced Studio Art: Self-Directed Studio Projects

ART600A
ART600B
ART600C
(A YEARLONG COMMITMENT)
ART600 is designed for Uppers and Seniors. The course provides students with the opportunity to broaden their art experience at an
advanced level and also study in-depth in areas of their choosing. Students in all art media are welcome and will be expected to also consult
with instructors in their areas of specialization as needed. The course provides students with opportunities for creative, self-directed, and
independent work at an advanced level in a class of similarly advanced and self-motivated students.
Term 1—Students will complete two to three projects in response to broad themes or prompts, and will participate in two, day-long field-
trips to regional art museums or art events. Interested students will be guided through the process of assembling portfolios for college, art
school, and/or precollege summer program applications.
Term 2—Students audit a 300-level or 500-level studio elective to focus on a specific medium, while also meeting biweekly with the
ART500 class for readings, discussions, Addison Gallery events, and one or two field trips to art museums. Students will also develop pro-
posals for their Term 3 projects.
Term 3—Students will complete an independent project that will be part of the ART600 exhibition in the Gelb Gallery.
All three terms of ART600 include periodic group and individual critiques, a weekly evening lab, and one or two field trips to regional art
galleries. (Ms. Zemlin)
Prerequisite: Open to Uppers and Seniors who have completed three art courses, or with permission of the department chair and the instructor.

ENGLISH
The diploma requirements in English are intended to establish competence in writing and reading. All Juniors take ENG100, followed by
three terms of ENG200 and then three terms of ENG300. Juniors may not take ENG200. For new Lowers, this requirement is fulfilled
by successful completion of ENG200 and ENG300. New Uppers fulfill their requirement by successful completion of ENG301 and three
terms of English electives. International students who are new Uppers usually begin the sequence with ENG301. One-year American
students and some one-year international students will begin with ENG495 for one term, followed by electives in Term 2 and Term 3;
these international students must be placed by the chair of the department. The remainder of the one-year international students begin
with ENG498 and 499, followed by an elective Term 3. Seniors who are returning international students continue the sequence or select in
accordance with placement by the department. Related courses, whose prerequisites vary, are listed elsewhere in this booklet.
Required Courses
An Introduction to English
ENG100A
ENG100B
ENG100C
(T1, T2, T3) (THREE-TERM COMMITMENT)
ENG100 provides an introduction to the study of language and literature at Andover. In this junior course, which cultivates the same skills
and effects pursued throughout the English curriculum, students begin to understand the rich relationships among reading, thinking, and
writing.
ENG100 assents to Helen Vendler’s notion that “every good writer was a good reader first.” Accordingly, ENG100 students work to develop
their ability to read closely, actively, and imaginatively. They study not only what a text means, but also how it produces meaning. They seek
to make connections as they read—perhaps at first only connections between themselves and the text, but eventually connections within the
text and between texts as well. All the while, however, ENG100 students revel in the beauty, humor, and wisdom of the literature. During
the three terms, ENG100 students read literature of various genres and periods. For their syllabi, teachers turn to a great many authors.
ENG100 students practice several types of writing, primarily in response to what they read. They write at times in narrative, expressive, and
creative modes, but their efforts focus more and more on critical analysis. They learn to conceive of writing as a craft to be practiced and as
a process to be followed. Through frequent assignments, both formal and informal, ENG100 students come to value writing as a means of
making sense of what they read and think. Attending carefully to their writing at the levels of the sentence, paragraph, and full essay, they
learn to appreciate the power of the written critical argument. Although their work is substantially assessed throughout the year, ENG100
students do not receive grades during the Term 1. At the end of the term, their report cards will indicate “Pass” or “Fail.”
Lively, purposeful class discussions reinforce the lessons of reading and writing and often leave students with especially fond memories of
their ENG100 experience. The course prepares our youngest students well for the further challenges of their education at Andover.
Writing to Read, Reading to Write

ENG200A
ENG200B
ENG200C
ENG200A, Term 1—We begin by focusing on the writing process. Students are exposed to a variety of rhetorical modes, such as narration,
description, analysis, comparison/contrast, cause/effect, definition, example/illustration, process, and argument. By the end of the term,
students should be able to organize, develop, and write cogent essays in five or six of these modes. Teachers integrate a variety of reading
assignments into their lessons on the writing process. During Term 1, classes also work deliberately on vocabulary development, clarity,
grammar, mechanics, and punctuation.
ENG200B, Term 2—The focus shifts to reading and writing about poetry. While the course introduces literary terms and strategies for
understanding poetry, the literature serves primarily as an opportunity for the students to work on writing skills, drawing on the lessons of
Term 1 and reinforcing argument and persuasion as patterns of thought that can guide the writer logically through a discussion of a poem.
ENG200C, Term 3—The focus shifts again to reading and writing about fiction, including the novel. Students continue to write in the
modes introduced in Terms 1 and 2 and focus on organizing the essay. Term 3 includes a project involving one of the texts and a research
paper, class presentation, or performance.
The Stories of Literature

ENG300A
ENG300B
ENG300C
Literature tells the stories of people’s experiences—their dreams, their desires, their acts, their mistakes. ENG300 students read poems,
plays, short stories, and novels representing diverse historical periods, locations, and identities. In their writing, students practice formal
literary analysis in order to gain greater appreciation for the artistic construction of a text and its cultural resonance.

The Stories of Literature for New Uppers
ENG301A
ENG301B
ENG301C
Tailored to the particular needs of new Uppers, ENG301 conforms in spirit and essence to ENG300, but with more intensive attention to
expository writing.
Strangers in a Strange Land

ENG495
(T1)
This course for one-year students explores how strangers adapt to new places and new modes of being. Does one reinvent oneself, conquer
the new, or seamlessly assimilate? Works considered have included: Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of
Darkness, poems by Terrance Hayes and Emily Dickinson, and Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried.
American Studies for International Students

ENG498
ENG499
(T1, T2)
Designed for one-year students from abroad, this course provides intensive training in reading, literary fundamentals, and qualitative writ-
ing. The focus of this course is on American culture, values, and traditions as reflected in literature and other media. One or two terms of
this course will provide students with the reading and writing skills required for success in senior electives. (Dr. Vidal)
Elective Courses
The course offerings in English culminate in a rich variety of advanced 500-level electives. They are open to students who have successfully
completed ENG300, 301, 495, 498, or 499 as well as to select Uppers who, with the permission of the department chair, may enroll in an
elective concurrently with Term 2 and/or Term 3 of ENG300 or 301, when space permits.
Writing Courses
Creative Nonfiction
ENG501CN
(T2)
Contemporary nonfiction author Terry Tempest Williams once said, “I write to discover. I write to uncover.” In this course, we will consider
the ways that creative nonfiction bridges the gaps between discovering and uncovering—that is, between looking forward and looking back,
between imagination and fact, and between invention and memory. This workshop-centered writing course is open to all students interested
in improving their craft, recognizing and amplifying their unique writing voice, and pushing creative boundaries.
ENG501CN, Term 2—Students will explore the art of essay writing by working in a number of rhetorical modes. Possibilities include the
personal essay, the analytical essay, the lyric essay, the review, the profile, and the feature. Writing assignments will be frequent and will con-
stitute the bulk of the coursework. Short readings will include models selected from an anthology of contemporary work. (Ms. McQuade)
The Personal Essay

ENG501PE
(T3)
Where you’re from, where you’ve been, what you’ve seen, what you know, whom you’ve met, what you’ve read, what you wish, who you
are—this is the raw material from which students will work to write, edit, and revise a series of personal essays. Readings designed to pro-
vide courage for the work and examples of the form are by Brenda Ueland, Roxanne Gay, Alice Walker, Amy Tan, Sherman Alexie, Wang
Ping, Junot Díaz, David Rakoff, David Foster Wallace, Malcolm X, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Zora Neal Hurston, Langston Hughes, Jhumpa
Lampari, Terrence Des Pres, Ian Frazier, Edwidge Danticat, John McPhee, Annie Dillard, and Grace Suh. (Ms. Scott)
Writing for Change

ENG501WT
(T1, T2, T3)
This is a service-learning course in which students discover and/or develop the writers within themselves and then are trained as Andover
Bread Loaf Writing Leaders. (Andover Bread Loaf is a Phillips Academy outreach program.) As such, they acquire the capacity to assist
teachers in organizing writing programs and to organize programs of their own. Through in-class workshops, students experiment in many
different genres of writing in a supportive, creative learning community. These workshops also provide students with methods they can use
in working with other K–12 youth.

Readings include poetry and prose texts as well as books about educational theory and practice, such as Multiplication is for White People
by Lisa Delpit and Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire. The service-learning component of the class consists of working in nearby
Lawrence, Mass., public school classrooms during the period ENG501WT meets. This course is a collaboration among PA’s English depart-
ment and Community Service program, Lawrence Public Schools, and Lawrence community organizations. Students are invited to join the
Andover Bread Loaf Teacher Network and participate in the conferences, workshops, and events the network offers throughout the year.
(Mr. Bernieri)
Creative Writing: Fiction

ENG505CF
(T1, T2, T3)
This course is for students committed to reading and writing short fiction. Students will be asked to write about short fiction in addition to
composing their own short fiction. Although students are not expected to submit portfolios or samples of their work to qualify for this class,
they must be serious about writing fiction. Previous experience helps, but it is not necessary. (Ms. Lane)
Creative Writing: Poetry

ENG505CP
(T1, T2, T3)
This course is for students committed to reading and writing poetry. Students will be asked to write about poetry in addition to composing
their own poetry. Although students are not expected to submit portfolios or samples of their work to qualify for this class, they must be
serious about writing poetry. Previous experience helps, but it is not necessary. (Ms. Lane)
Genre Courses
Theories of Children’s Literature

ENG510CL
(T2)
This course considers the role of the imagination in communicating and effecting cultural change. Students will be asked to apply a
variety of critical theory for interpretation and discussion of the literature. Themes explored by this course will include alternative reali-
ties, the nature of dreams, the function of the subconscious, and the use of allegory. Probable selections include The Adventures of Alice in
Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, by Lewis Carroll; Haroun and the Sea of Stories, by Salman Rushdie; The Wind in the Willows,
by Kenneth Grahame; The Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling; The Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum; The Pied Piper of Hamelin, by Robert
Browning; The Secret Garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett; A Child’s Garden of Verses, by Robert Louis Stevenson; The Lion, the Witch
and the Wardrobe and The Last Battle, by C.S. Lewis; and Grimm’s Fairy Tales, Mother Goose, writings by Carlos Castaneda, and essays by
Bettelheim and Zipes. Possible films include The Red Balloon and The Point. (Mr. Tortorella)
Gothic Literature: Living in The Tomb

ENG510GL
(T1)
This course traces trends in Gothic forms, from their origins in the damp and dark castles of Europe to the aridity of the contemporary
American landscape. Students will identify gothic conventions and themes such as the haunted house, family dynamics, apparitions,
entrapment, secrecy, and the sublime. They also will read novels, short stories, and poetry spanning roughly 200 years in order to explore
questions about the supernatural, the psychology of horror and terror, the significance of fantasy and fear, the desire for moral closure, and
the roles of gender, race, class, and sexuality. Probable selections include The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole; Faustus, by Christopher
Marlowe; Rebecca, by Daphne du Maurier; Dracula, by Bram Stoker; The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James; stories by Poe, Faulkner,
Gaskell, Irving, Hawthorne, Gilman, Jackson, Cheever, DeLillo, Carver, and Oates; and poetry by Christina Rossetti, Thomas Gray,
William Cowper, Louise Glück, and Sylvia Plath. Possible films include Affliction, The Royal Tenenbaums, A Simple Plan, Psycho, and The
Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. (Mr. Tortorella)
Media Studies
ENG511MS (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT530MS1)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in English or Interdisciplinary. Working from the premise that all messages are constructed, we will
examine the forces (explicit and subtle) that inform those constructions as well as the ways in which our daily and multiple interactions
with various media determine our sense of self, identity, truth, and desire. Students will read a range of media studies theory and then put
those theories into practice by examining the language, images, narratives, and truth we encounter in news sources, advertising, television,
politics, sports, and other cultural representations. Students will be expected to write every week. Term 1 will focus on the production and
consumption of commercial news media, the indeterminate lines between news and entertainment, and the importance of branding and
advertising. Terms 2 and 3 will look at contemporary television shows, examining questions of narrative, character, and identity; current
critical writing about TV; important aspects of TV production; and thematic treatment of topics such as nostalgia, heroism, or family.
This course does not currently meet requirements for NCAA eligibility.

“The World in Pieces”: Poetry and Cinema of the Avant-Garde
ENG511WP
(T3)
We explore the aesthetics and politics of collage and montage in the poetry, manifestos, and cinema of 20th-Century American and
European avant-gardes, drawing into conversation experiments in poetic language and consciousness, and early films by Fernand Léger,
Man Ray, Luis Buñuel, Joseph Cornell, and others. During the second half of the term, we focus on post-World War II, American
avant-garde cinema, in particular, the work of Maya Deren, Kenneth Anger, Marie Menken, and Stan Brakhage. (Mr. Bird)
Journalism
ENG514JO
(T1)
This course on print journalism recognizes the challenges all journalists face in their efforts to be fair and also accurate as they struggle to
gather information and churn out lively copy under deadline pressure. The course is designed to teach essential journalistic judgment, skills
for gathering and verifying news, and interviewing and writing techniques. Students will receive weekly assignments on deadline for news
articles, feature stories, and opinion pieces, and will supplement this skills work with readings on the First Amendment, media ethics, and
the law. We also will discuss the current radical transformation of newspapers in the digital age. Texts for the course are Journalism 101,
by Nina Scott, and excerpts from The Elements of Journalism, by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, as well as daily newspapers. Films will
include Absence of Malice, All the President’s Men, The Year of Living Dangerously, and Welcome to Sarajevo. (Ms. Scott)
The Graphic Novel

ENG515GR
(T2)
The graphic novel is an extended comic book with similar subject matter to, and the sophistication of, traditional novels. By its very nature,
the graphic novel challenges our assumptions of what a narrative and novel can be. For those tied to words, the comic offers a challenging
visual text that forces us to read in new and surprising ways; much of this course will be about reframing our visual and narrative habits and
expectations. While the graphic novel is increasingly mainstream, it often has offered voices from the margins about the margins. Its subject
has been everything from the coming-of-age novel to historical memoir to cross-cultural conflict to the darker side of the superhero. We
will read a variety of texts with the rigor accorded to more traditional texts while also stretching ourselves to understand the aesthetic visual
choices the artist makes. By the end of the term, we will even attempt our own small comics. Texts may include Alan Moore’s Watchmen,
Chris Ware’s Jimmy: The Smartest Kid on Earth, Marjane Satrapi’s The Complete Persepolis, Art Spiegelman’s The Complete Maus, Frank
Miller’s Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, and others. (Ms. Curci)
Mid-Twentieth Century American Poetry

ENG516CP
(T3)
This course will introduce students to poets and movements that have shaped the direction and contours of American poetry since
World War II. Students first study the Beat Movement and then explore the so-called “schools” of poetry—Black Mountain, New York,
Confessional, et al. The course finishes with an exposure to poetry that is happening right now, which includes bicultural and multicultural
poets. Most class time will be spent deriving themes through discussions of poets, poems, poetic movements, criticism, and theory. Poets
include Ginsberg, Corso, Kerouac, Dylan, Waldman, Bukowski, Creeley, Olson, Levertov, Ashbury, O’Hara, Lowell, Plath, Berryman,
Bishop, Rich, Dove, Hass, Kinnell, Hogan, Nye, Springsteen, and Colvin. (Mr. Tortorella)
Last Acts: Remember Me?

ENG517LA
(T1)
“I got shot,” Tupac Shakur declares at the opening of his posthumous film Resurrection, and the viewer asks, “How did he know that was
going to happen?” This course begins with some basic questions: How will I be remembered? Can I influence that memory? This is a course
that looks at literature and other cultural texts (film, photography, music) produced as a response to those questions, works that the instruc-
tor calls “automortography”: a genre that centers on acts of self-representation in the face of death and the mode of reading that such a
genre produces. Automortography, then, is not only how someone consciously or unconsciously anticipates and scripts one’s death, but also
how the audience reads works through the lens of that writer’s death, thus touching on the larger question of how we memorialize others
(i.e., in museums and memorials). In the course, we will explore a range of texts, from Keats to Tupac, so as to understand these figures,
their predicaments and contexts, and why we need and how we use this mode of reading. In taking several diverse cases together, we might
ask, “Are they keeping it real, or is this genre a ploy or performance?” Potentially drawing on examples ranging across disciplines, literary
figures to consider may include Sylvia Plath, Reinaldo Arenas, Raymond Carver, Charles Bukowski, Jane Kenyon, May Sarton, William
Gaddis, Malcolm X, and Mark Twain. (Dr. Kane)

The Novel After Modernism
ENG521NM
ENG522NM
(T2, T3)
In the middle of the 20th century, writers began to move past both the period and the styles that we still call “modern.” What does it mean
for a novel to be past modern? Postmodern? Past postmodern? Can a contemporary novel still be a modern novel? In this course we will
study the recent progress of the novel genre. We will read aggressively, studying four or five novels per term.
ENG521NM, Term 2—We will read novels written by U.S. authors.
ENG522NM, Term 3—We will read novels written by international authors. Our novelists may include Russell Banks, Italo Calvino, J.M.
Coetzee, Robert Coover, Don DeLillo, Joan Didion, Ralph Ellison, Gabriel García Márquez, Cormac McCarthy, Toni Morrison, Haruki
Murakami, Vladimir Nabokov, Joyce Carol Oates, Thomas Pynchon, Philip Roth, José Saramago, and Zadie Smith. (Mr. Domina)
Special Topics Courses
American Identities in African Literature

ENG521AI
ENG522AI
(T2, T3)
The course will engage students in exploring African identities in American literature, and vice versa. Through the study of select texts,
students will examine the portrayal of these identities and how they are perceived in the media—both African and American. Classes will
be discussion-oriented, based on the Socratic and other models that foreground total student engagement. Weekly blog postings and bi-
weekly oral presentations will punctuate regular essay assignments. The texts will include: AMERICAN: Dreams from My Father, by Barack
Obama, A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, and The House at Sugar Beach, by Helene Cooper; AFRICAN: A Man of the People,
by Chinua Achebe, The Dilemma of a Ghost, by Ama Ata Aidoo, and The Thing Around Your Neck, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie;
FILMS: Coming to America, Blood Diamond, Invictus, Cry Freetown, The Constant Gardener, Hotel Rwanda, and Sarafina. (Mr. Nyamwaya)
Being, Thinking, Doing

ENG521BT (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT522BT)
(T2)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. Through reading and discussing the expression of human values in selected works, stu-
dents in this interdisciplinary philosophy and literature course explore two broad questions: How do people live their lives, and how should
people live their lives? Within this framework, students think reflectively about the beliefs they and their society have developed, and they
look at the emergence of different epistemological, ethical, and political ideals and responses to life.
Readings may include Ellison’s Invisible Man, Percy’s The Moviegoer, Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons, Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five, excerpts
from Agee and Evans’ Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem, Bonhoeffer’s Letters and Papers from Prison, and brief
selections from Aristotle, Descartes, Epictetus, Kant, Nietzsche, Plato, Schopenhauer, and Spinoza. (Mr. Fox)
Feasts and Fools: Revelers and Puritans in Literature and Life

ENG521FF
ENG522FF
ENG523FF
(T1, T2, T3)
This course explores what Jean Toomer called “the good-time spirit” and its opposite, as manifest in major literature, including drama and
film. We examine and make use of the literary critical distinction between ingenuousness, innocence, aureation, and richness on the one
hand and sophistication, irony, exposure, and disillusionment on the other (in the words of C.S. Lewis, “golden” vs. “drab”). Correlations
proliferate from this basic one: cavalier/puritan, rhapsodic/satirical, innocent/experienced, carpe diem/dulce et decorum est, hedonist/stoic,
romantic/neo-classical, Dionysian/Apollonian. Along with critical writing on literature, the students occupy themselves with parties and
festivities in their own lives, as well as in other cultures, with the impulse to trust one’s appetites, and with the meeting place of that impulse
and the cultural practices that define sumptuary limits. Personal essays may lead to anthropological, architectural, performative, and semio-
logical research projects, creative writing, and reports. Texts vary but have included Mrs. Dalloway, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Love
in the Time of Cholera, A Year in Provence, The Debt to Pleasure, The Garden of Last Days, Saturday, The Short Stories of John Cheever, Cannery
Row, House of Sand and Fog, The Custom of the Country, and Dancing in the Streets. Films have included Babette’s Feast, Sense and Sensibility,
and Chocolat. (Dr. Wilkin)

Law and Literature
ENG521LL (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT504LL1)
ENG522LL (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT504LL2)
(T1, T2)
One credit assigned each term in English or Interdisciplinary.
ENG521, Term 1—Exploring Narrative. This course explores the role of narration and storytelling in law, politics, and literature. It begins
with a study of what narrative is, drawing from readings in literature, philosophy, and psychology. Equipped with a working definition,
students will then investigate the narrative form in action across the disciplines of law, politics, and literature. What role does storytelling
play in our law and politics? How do the stories of literature impact our understanding of law and politics?
ENG522LL, Term 2—Exploring Metaphor. This course explores the power and role of metaphor in law and literature. Drawing from
interdisciplinary sources, students will study competing theories on the nature of metaphor and its particular importance in the disciplines
of law and literature. Along the way, students will grapple with two works of literature where the nature of metaphor is on display: Vladimir
Nabokov’s enigmatic novel Pale Fire and the poems of Wallace Stevens in The Palm at the End of the Mind. Some questions we will struggle
with include what is the relationship between metaphor, truth, and literal meaning; how do metaphors generate their meanings; and how, if
at all, might metaphors expand or contract our understanding and experience of the law, the world, and ourselves? Student work will consist
of the analytical essay, discussion board writings, and some introduction to the practice of legal writing and advocacy.
In both terms, readings will draw from a wide range of disciplines and genres, including legal opinions; cultural, political, and philosophical
essays; poems; a novel; and/or a play. (Mr. Calleja)
Rememories: Trauma and Survival in 20th-Century Literature

ENG524TS
(T1)
In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison coins the term “rememory” to describe a type of memory that won’t stay buried—ghosts of experi-
ences that resurface across years, decades, even centuries, memories of trauma that continue to haunt literature to this day. This course
will examine how narratives of trauma and survival have been represented (and re-presented) in 20th- and 21st-century literature. In our
investigation of literature about war, terrorism, diaspora, and other cultural traumas, we will encounter authors writing from a variety of
historical moments and perspectives. We will look closely at how trauma literature both delineates and breaks down divisions within indi-
vidual, societal, and generational trauma experience. And we will engage with course texts by writing in a number of modes, both critical
and creative. Thematic focuses will include the problematics of truth and testimony; the dismantling of traditional narrative structures and
genres; individual vs. collective memory; societal regeneration; and the ways trauma literature engages with issues of race, class, gender, and
national identity. (Ms. McQuade)
Dictatorship and the Artist

ENG529DA
(T1)
In his novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Junot Díaz cites Salman Rushdie’s claim that “tyrants and scribblers are natural antago-
nists” while the narrator of the novel posits that dictators and writers are just competition for each other: “Like, after all, recognizes like.”
This course explores the overlaps and tensions between dictators and artists. While writers will serve as the focus of the class, we will look
at the way other artists in other media have transgressed, adapted to, subverted, or even collaborated with repressive states. While Central
America and South America serve as starting points for the course, artists from around the world will be included. (Ms. Curci)
Interdisciplinary Studies
What Is Critique?
ENG530WC (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT512WC)
(T1)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. This interdisciplinary course is a survey of questions and ideas about art, literature, and
society—their natures, their functions, their meanings, and their values. What about a work makes it look like it looks or read like it reads?
What gives a work meaning, and how does it do so? What makes a work good, and how do we justify it as such? What are the consequences
of judging some works good and others not, of inclusion and exclusion? Who gets to judge—historically, white men—and how do those
judgments establish and reflect the norms and values of societies as a whole? How might we understand and assess “critique” itself as form
of empowerment against injustice (as in Michel Foucault’s estimation, an “instrument for those who fight, resist, and who no longer want
what is”)?
To address these questions and others, we will read the works of many challenging theorists, including Walter Benjamin, Judith Butler,
Jacques Derrida, Sigmund Freud, Henry Louis Gates, bell hooks, Nanette Salomon, and Kathi Weeks, among others—and we will apply
their thinking to various art, film, and fiction. (Mr. Fox)

Youth from Every Quarter
ENG530YQ (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT533YQ)
(T3)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. Decades before the public education reforms of Horace Mann, Phillips Academy was
founded as a school that “shall be ever equally open to Youth, of requisite qualifications, from every quarter.” In this colloquium, we will
interrogate the three words often omitted from this statement of egalitarian ideal: “of requisite qualifications.” By developing historical
and contemporary understandings of Phillips Academy itself, we will explore issues of effort, merit, and privilege. When the Academy was
founded, what constituted qualification? Who determined it, for what purposes, and with what consequences? How have answers to these
questions evolved during the last 238 years, and why?
Using multiple methodologies and sources, we will generate our own research and observations about Phillips Academy and focus on varied
topics, including: the experiences of various historically marginalized groups at the school; privilege; the school’s role in the abolitionist
movement and slave trade; the history of Abbot Academy and its merger with/ acquisition by Phillips Academy; Asian and Asian-Americans
and the mythology of the “model minority”; the role of science and technology in fostering inclusion and exclusion, among other topics.
(Mr. Fox, coordinating schedule with faculty from various departments)
August Wilson’s View of the 20th Century: His Pittsburgh, Our America
ENG531AW or THD531 (may be taken as an English, Theatre, or Interdisciplinary course;
official course number is INT511AW)
(T1)
One credit assigned in English, Theatre, or Interdisciplinary. This course will use a selection of August Wilson’s plays to investigate how
our society’s view of race changed during the 20th century. Students will move through Wilson’s plays in chronological order, focusing on
the Aunt Ester plays in the Century Cycle in both a literary and theatrical way. This section will give students a glimpse into Wilson’s fiction-
alized Pittsburgh and insights into a more historically accurate Pittsburgh and America, as well as the man as a playwright. Students will look
for connections between Pittsburgh and other American urban environments, examining how cities changed during the 20th century. This
course is open to Seniors; it may be taken by Uppers with permission from the department chair. (Mr. Grimm)
The History and Literature of the Haitian Revolution

ENG540HR or HSS588 (may be taken as an English, History, or Interdisciplinary course;
official course number is INT505HR)
(T3)
One credit assigned in English, History, or Interdisciplinary. Few events have been as transformative and far reaching in effect—yet so
untaught and unlearned across the humanities—as the Haitian Revolution, which occurred from 1791 to 1804. This interdisciplinary
course will investigate the revolution and its legacy and attempt to address, at least in part, the monumental significance of the only suc-
cessful large-scale slave rebellion in the Atlantic World. By 1804, the newly independent Haitians, freed by their own hands, had won for
themselves a unique inheritance: theirs was a society born of the Age of Revolutions and animated by the Enlightenment-inspired language
of liberty, but equally theirs was a society deeply rooted in African and Afro-Caribbean slave culture. In its independence, Haiti became the
center of a transnational black diaspora as it defended its existence at a time when the United States and European colonial powers viewed
racial slavery as the pillar of their burgeoning capital economies. This elective aims to explore these complicated ideas through a variety of
texts, digital archives, fiction and nonfiction, literature, and history. (Ms. Curci and Dr. Jones)
Asian/American Literature and Film

ENG541AS (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT514AS1)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in English or Interdisciplinary. This seminar explores the literary, historical, and broader sociocultural
development of the complex and ever-expanding body of work that collectively (and not always neatly) contributes to what may be called
“Asian/American” literature and film. We will engage with a wide range of written and visual texts, including poetry, fiction, memoir,
cinema, and television, as well as with scholarly and other artistic forms of production, in order to fashion an analytical framework,
informed perspective, and interpretive approach through which to reread and rethink the culture, politic,s and history of the United
States itself. A related goal is to understand the role of literature and other cultural forms in our nation’s struggles over identity, power, and
resources. Focusing on the development and representation of Asian/America, we will unpack the social formation of race and the complex-
ity of racial dynamics in the United States historically and today.
ENG541AS, Term 1 and Term 2—The syllabus includes works by canonical and popular authors, filmmakers, and content creators.
To develop and flex our critical tools and skills of reading, viewing, analyzing, and interpreting these written and visual texts, we will
learn about and practice applying fundamental concepts, themes, and critical methodologies of the field of Asian/American literary and
cultural studies. Our goal in this seminar is to gain wide exposure to the exciting diversity of Asian/American literature, film, and cultural
production.
ENG543AS, Term 3—Placing Asian America: Ethnic Enclaves in Literature and Film. This special topics seminar is organized around a
broad theme such as Asian/American activism, Asian in the U.S. Literary Imagination, or a specific genre, historical period, or geographic
or cultural region (e.g., Viet Nam or Chinatowns). (M. Martin)

Single Author Courses
James Joyce
ENG531JJ
ENG532JJ
(T2, T3)
The first term is devoted to Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist, the second term to Ulysses. The purposes of the course are to develop the
skill to read important and difficult works without the aid of study guides or other secondary material, and to follow the development of
Joyce as an artist. Although the course may be taken in either term, the student gains a better sense of Joyce’s genius by enrolling for two
terms. (Mr. O’Connor)
John Milton: Poet Against Tyranny

ENG532JM
(T2)
“Give me the liberty,” John Milton declared in his anti-censorship tract Areopagitica, “to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to
conscience, above all liberties.” Almost 350 years separate Milton’s time from ours, yet the liberty to know, to utter, to argue is still too often
subject to official censorship and restraint. Throughout his varied career as poet and polemicist, John Milton championed an increasingly
expansive definition of individual political and religious freedom. “The exercise of freedom for Milton was a moral and dynamic right: free
citizens must always strive to earn their freedom,” Robert McCrum recently wrote of John Milton’s Areopagitica in The Guardian series
“One Hundred Best Non-Fiction Books of All Time”: “For Milton, it was this ‘struggle’ that bestowed value on the individual’s place in
society, a theme that links the ethical position of all his writing, poetry as much as prose.” In this course, we read Milton’s epic, Paradise
Lost, a selection of his shorter poems, and generous excerpts of his prose as we explore the ways in which this “ethical position” informs his
work and how it continues to inform our own definitions of freedom. (Mr. Bird)
Shakespeare
ENG531SH
ENG532SH
ENG533SH
(T1, T2, T3)
Every term the Department of English offers an elective course on the work of William Shakespeare.
ENG531SH, Term 1—Jane Austen’s Henry Crawford says that Shakespeare’s “thoughts and beauties are so spread abroad that one touches
them everywhere.” Perhaps, but to contemplate such thoughts deeply and to appreciate such beauties truly we must read the work of the
great poet-playwright ourselves. In this course, we will study three or four of William Shakespeare’s plays as well as a selection of his sonnets.
(Mr. Domina)
ENG532SH, Term 2—“What a Change Is Here!” This term we will examine a selection of Shakespeare’s plays alongside modern adapta-
tions, asking what these reimaginings have to teach us about Shakespeare and what Shakespeare has to teach us about our modern world.
Possible pairings include: Romeo and Juliet with West Side Story; Taming of the Shrew with Kiss Me, Kate; King Lear with Ran; Macbeth with
Throne of Blood; and Henry IV with My Own Private Idaho. (Dr. Gardner)
ENG533SH, Term 3—Shakespeare and the Law. According to Robert Ferguson in his study “The Bard and the Bench,” Shakespeare has
been cited more than 800 times in our court system, including citations from all 37 of Shakespeare’s plays. This course explores Shakespeare
and the law through the close reading of three of his plays: Merchant of Venice, Othello, and Measure for Measure. In doing so, students
will not only engage with the language of the plays, but also the concepts of justice, equity, and law that are found in them. The reading of
the plays will be supplemented with an introduction to some basic legal concepts in contract law as well as an examination of justice and
jurisprudence within today’s society. (Mr. Calleja)
Who Do You Think You Are?: An Alice Munro Retrospective

ENG534AM
(T3)
In 2013, Alice Munro became only the 13th woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in more than 100 years. Now called the “best fic-
tion writer working in North America,” Munro is considered a master of the contemporary short story. Under Munro’s care, the short story
has been elevated from “practice for novel writing” to a literary form of significant weight and merit. Munro is iconic for fiction that plays
with time, for stories of quiet betrayal, private hurt, and commonplace catastrophe. Her work focuses in on psychological realism, with
precise attention to detail and the illumination of painful everyday truths. In this course, we will examine Munro’s work across the decades,
from 1968’s “Dance of the Happy Shades” to the semiautobiographical pieces that open 2012’s “Dear Life”. Over the course of the term,
in addition to reading upwards of 20 of Munro’s stories, we will examine Munro’s swift acceptance by Canadian critics as well as her more
recent ascent to recognition among the best writers of the modern era. (Dr. Erdmann)

Yeats and the Irish Tradition
ENG541YT
(T1)
Since the establishment of Ireland’s independence in 1921, the unique contribution of this nation’s literature and culture has gained
increas¬ing international recognition. W.B. Yeats, the first of four Irish Nobel laureates and one of the dominant poets of the 20th century,
played a key role in the revival of Irish culture. The course will focus not only on Yeats’s poetry and drama, but also on the great artists who
preceded and followed him. Poetry, fiction, and drama—as well as art, music, and film—will be considered as part of this course, and some
of the following may be included.
Poetry: Selected Poems, W.B. Yeats; Opened Ground, Seamus Heaney; The Water Horse, Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill. Fiction: The Year of the French,
Thomas Flanagan; Reading in the Dark, Seamus Deane; Castle Rackrent, Maria Edgeworth. Drama: Selected Plays, W.B. Yeats; The Playboy
of the Western World and Riders to the Sea, J.M. Synge; Waiting for Godot, Samuel Beckett; Translations, Brian Friel. Film: Michael Collins
(Neil Jordan, director), The Field (Jim Sheridan, director), Cal (Pat O’Connor, director). (Mr. O’Connor)
Writers in Depth
This course will be devoted to one British novelist each term. Each writer is both a representative of a particular time and an innovator who
significantly influenced the history of the novel.
Jane Austen
ENG537JA
(T1)
Once taken at her word that her work was very limited, Austen was one of the vital links between the 18th- and 19th-century novelists. As
a class, we will read Emma, and Persuasion. Students who have not read Pride and Prejudice will do so, while those who have will read Sense
and Sensibility. We will also watch Ang Lee’s Sense and Sensibility, as well as selections from adaptations of other Austen novels. (Ms. Fulton)
Charles Dickens
ENG537CD
(T2)
We will read Bleak House, which many consider Dickens’s masterpiece, an extraordinary blend of comedy, gothic mystery, and social protest,
told through an intersecting double narrative. We also will read poetry by Blake and others, as well as study paintings and photographs from
the time. (Ms. Fulton)
Virginia Woolf
ENG537VW
(T3)
This term will be devoted to Woolf, who, if she had written no fiction, would still be well known for her brilliant essays. We will read her
two greatest novels, Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse; several of her short stories and essays; and selections from her autobiographical
writings. To put Woolf ’s work in context, we will view some of the work of the Post-Impressionist painters; read from the war poets (the
First World War is central to her novels); and compare her style with that of her fellow Modernist novelists Joyce and Faulkner. (Ms. Fulton)
Culture Studies
The Sky Is Falling: Magical Realism in Latin American Literature and Beyond
ENG519MR
(T2)
What if you entered a library with infinite titles, endless corridors, and duplicate copies? What if a speck in the sky turned out to be a ceil-
ing, one that got lower and lower with each passing day? What if your new next-door neighbor seemed remarkably—even eerily—like a
future version of yourself? In this course, we will explore the broad umbrella of magical realism, a literary genre in which primarily realistic
stories contain some element of magic, as well as varying alternative fictions. Each of our texts will take the recognizable world and add
unsolved mysteries, the supernatural, or unexplained phenomena to complicate our understanding of reality, as well as our characters’ expe-
riences and emotional states. We will explore how and why authors choose to manipulate reality and examine the effects on our understand-
ing of a character’s motive and identity. Using a broad scope of writers and traditions, we will address Sigmund Freud’s “uncanny,” as well
as Dan Chaon’s “spooky” and Margaret Atwood’s “speculative fiction.” In keeping with magical realism’s roots, we will begin the term with
mid-century Latin American writers such as Jorge Luis Borges and Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and then expand our scope to include Kelly
Link, Shirley Jackson, and Jean Rhys, among many others. (Dr. Erdmann)

Gender Theory
ENG530GT (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary or course; official course number is INT513GT)
(T3)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary.
Foundational Gender Theory. This course introduces students to foundational texts in intersectional gender theory, including key con-
cepts from gender theory as they are understood and used in critical interdisciplinary studies of gender. We will explore how these concepts
are taken up from different perspectives to address specific social problems, particularly rape culture, and the implications of these critical
approaches for thinking about and acting in the world. It is most important, independent of degree of familiarity and expertise with this
body of work, that you come willing and eager to read texts closely, ask and ponder questions, and engage others in the classroom com-
munity as peers worthy of your respect, especially in moments of disagreement. Possible authors include Gloria Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga,
Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Kate Harding, Melissa Harris Perry, Patricia Hill Collins, Fatema Mernissi, Laura Mulvey,
E. Anthony Rotundo, Gayle Rubin, Hortense Spillers, Audre Lorde, and Kimberlé Crenshaw. (Dr. Vidal)
Atomic America: Service Learning

ENG540AA
(T3)
Term 3 of Atomic America is a service-learning course. The first half of the term looks at an atomized America since the 1980s: niche
marketing, gated communities, personal technologies, etc. During the latter half of the term, the class will confront this social atomization
directly by engaging in service-learning opportunities. In small groups, participants will read about and work with populations that reflect
an atomized America—recently these groups have worked with people with AIDS, the elderly, immigrants, and prisoners. Students then
write a final paper that reflects on the literature and their experiences serving and being served by these people. Not NCAA Approved.
(Dr. Kane)

ENG540HR or HSS588 (may be taken as an English, History, or Interdisciplinary course;
official course number is INT504HR)
(T3)
An Introductory Survey of African American Literature

ENG541AA (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT532AA1)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in English or Interdisciplinary. This seminar course offers an overview of African American literature
through reading and writing assignments, discussions, student-led seminars, and possible visiting lectures on art, music, and history.
ENG541AA, Term 1—Origins, Icons, and Abominations. The class will focus on the literature from slavery and freedom, including
captivity narratives and oral tradition, as well as Reconstruction and Post-Reconstruction literature.
ENG542AA, Term 2—Considering the American Dream. Students read the literature of the Harlem Renaissance and African-American
expressions of realism, naturalism, and modernism.
ENG543AA, Term 3—Centralizing and De-centralizing Black Life and Culture. Following an examination of the Black Arts movement,
the course will focus on literature, including poetry and drama, since the 1970s. (Dr. Tsemo)

(T1, T2, T3)

ENG541AS, Term 1 and Term 2—The syllabus includes works by canonical and popular authors, filmmakers, and content creators.
production.
ENG543AS, Term 3—Placing Asian America: Ethnic Enclaves in Literature and Film. This special topics seminar is organized around a
broad theme such as Asian/American activism, Asian in the U.S. Literary Imagination, or a specific genre, historical period, or geographic
The Boom Generation

ENG541BG
(T3)
The Boom Generation represented one of the most significant and influential eras of Latin American literature—and yet is largely under-
represented in discourse concerning the 1960s. In this course, students will explore el boom latinoamericano as one of the most exciting
moments in Latin American history, a time during which an exuberant, immensely talented body of writers made their mark on Latin
American fiction—and on writers around the world to come. Possible authors to be studied: Elena Poniatowska, Alejandra Pizarnik, Carlos
Fuentes, Mario Vargas Llosa, and Gabriel García Márquez as well as the Spanish literary agent who made it all possible, Carmen Balcells.
(Ms. Driscoll)
“Crossing the Line”: U.S.-Mexico Border Literature and Contemporary Politics

ENG541BL
(T1)
What does it mean to live on or near a border, and more importantly, what does it mean to read and write literature about border experi-
ences? In this course, students will explore the U.S.-Mexico border and literature produced “on the line,” what Gloria Anzaldúa describes as
“La Frontera.” Students will read works that identify as “border literature” and will be introduced to border studies, discussing themes such
as immigration, hybridity, border militarization, and in general, issues concerning U.S-Mexico border politics. Possible authors to be stud-
ied: Yuri Herrera, Cormac McCarthy, Nicholas Mainieri, Cristina Henríquez, Luís Albero Urrea, Emma Pérez, Lucretia Guerrero, Sandra
Cisneros, Reyna Grande, and Ana Castillo. (Ms. Driscoll)
Contemporary Native American Literature

ENG541NA
(T2)
What does it mean to be a Native American writer in the 21st century? In this Senior elective course, students will explore life on and off
the Native American reservation in works produced by writers from a wide variety of indigenous communities in the United States. The
course will involve navigating issues/topics a propos to Native American studies, such as colonialism and genocide, cultural survival, and
political and environmental activism. Possible writers to be studied: Luci Tapahonso, Evelina Zuni Lucero, Sherman Alexie, Paula Gunn
Allen, Leslie Marmon Silko, Ramson Lomatewama, Simon Ortiz, nila northSun, Joy Harjo, Gerald Vizenor, Louise Erdrich, Diane Glancy,
Winona LaDuke, Anton Treur, Wendy Rose, and Linda Hogan. (Ms. Driscoll)
A Room of Their Own: Women’s Studies and Literature

ENG541WW (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT517WW1)
(T1, T2, T3)
ENG541WW, Term 1—Masculinities in Feminist Literature In an interview with The Atlantic magazine, writer Junot Diaz says,
“I think [my character’s] tragedy in a number of places in this book is that he keeps choosing his mask.” Many scholars of gender talk about
American masculinity as a “mask,” and as Diaz states, this mask can lead to tragedy: suffering, disconnection, even violence. In this litera-
ture course, we will read authors who write toward a feminist view of manhood: one that emphasizes equality of the genders, emotional
connection, and healthy relationships. Each writer we will explore puts a masculine character at the center of a novel, short story, or poem
that exposes the ways in which gender norms can impede a quest for authenticity, connection, love, and truth. The texts in this course look
at themes of friendship and mentorship; identity, race, and class; sexuality; and fatherhood. Together we will consider how these authors can
help inform a range of feminist possibilities for men and masculine-identifying people. Authors: Sherman Alexie, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Junot
Diaz, Louise Erdrich, Barbara Kingsolver, Yusef Komunyakaa, and others.
ENG542WW and ENG543WW, Term 2 and Term 3—“To be a feminist can feel like being in a different world even when you are seated
at the same table,” writes philosopher Sara Ahmed in Living a Feminist Life. In this course, our seminar table will center the voices of
woman-identified authors working in all genres of literature. These authors could be called “feminist” writers, for their work somehow calls
for, or envisions, a world resistant to sexism. Our writers may all identify as women, but they write from vastly different positions in history,

society, identity, and politics. So what is “feminist literature,” and what kind of work does it do in the world? Students should prepare to
write critically, personally, and creatively both in and out of class. Authors include: Roxane Gay, Marilyn Chin, Toni Morrison, Marge
Piercy, Sylvia Plath, Alison Bechdel, Virginia Woolf, Marjane Satrapi, Kate Bornstein, Margery Kempe, Ursula K. LeGuin, Louise Erdrich,
and others. (Ms. Staffaroni)
“I See Your True Colors”: Queer Literature

ENG541QL (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT519QL1)
(T3)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. This course examines poems, plays, and stories that raise key questions about sexuality,
gender, identity, and desire. Alongside our core literary texts, we will also consider art, music, and film as well as classic texts in the history
and theory of sexuality. Topics may include: gay liberation; AIDS activism; the closet, passing, and coming out; the relationship between
feminism and lesbian practice; trans identities and narratives; bisexual erasure; queer communities, spaces, and performance; non-normative
love and affinity; law, medicine, psychoanalysis, and religion; homophobia, transphobia, and heterosexism; mental health; debates around
same-sex marriage and assimilation; and the intersections of sexuality with race, class, age, nationality, and ability. (Dr. Gardner)
Lockdown (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT518LD)
ENG544LD
(T2)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. Prisons are a growth industry today in the United States. This course, through a blend-
ing of literature, film, and social sciences, will examine incarceration. By reading novels, memoirs, and poetry and viewing a few films, we
can gain a greater appreciation of the psychological effects of these institutions and the power of art as a means of coping with them (touch-
ing then on witnessing and testimonials). We will ask questions about ethics and justice, about self-expression, and about social control. The
course will include some experiential learning in the form of a trip to the Essex County Correctional Facility and to a nearby youth court.
Some possible titles may include: Orange Is the New Black, Gould’s Book of Fish, The Trial, Brothers and Keepers, A Place to Stand, One Day in
the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and Zeitoun. (Dr. Kane)
Period Studies Courses
Medieval Literature
ENG546ML
ENG547ML
ENG548ML
(T1, T2, T3)
What are the origins of English literature? What did it sound like and look like? What were its influences, interests, and anxieties? How
national was it? How English? This course traces through time, form, language, and place several important developments in medieval
literature and, in particular, medieval English literature. Not only will we explore chronological shifts in language and cultures, but we also
will begin to understand the separations and overlaps in medieval literary genres by reading romances, saints’ lives, dream visions, sagas, alle-
gories, mystical guides, confession manuals, travelogues, debates, and complaints. Through our readings, writings, and discussions, we may
consider the edges of selfhood, the appeals of desire, the powers of sanctity, the scope of the imagination, the growing pains of metamorpho-
sis, the fertility of grief, the pressures of politics, the multiplicities of gender, the hazards of pilgrimage, and the diversity of the Middle Ages.
ENG546ML, Term 1—We will focus on the medieval romance tradition, exploring the beginnings of King Arthur’s story as well as the
lasting influence of this network of stories over centuries. Authors will include Chretien de Troyes, Bede, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Marie de
France, and the Silence-poet.
ENG547ML, Term 2—We will focus on the medieval (and post-medieval) dream vision genre. Have you ever fallen asleep over your
books? If so, you are practically a medieval poet, because they snoozed on their reading material all the time and even composed volumes
of poetry about the experience. Readings will include Geoffrey Chaucer’s Book of Duchess & Parliament of Fowls, Christine de Pizan’s The
Book of the City of Ladies, and the alliterative poem, Pearl. For context, both medieval and modern, we also will read from Dante’s Divine
Comedy, Guillaume de Lorris & Jean de Meun’s Romance of the Rose, and Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams and view several films and televi-
sion episodes.
ENG548ML, Term 3—This term of Medieval Literature will concentrate on Geoffrey Chaucer’s vibrant, bawdy, edgy, unsettling, funny,
and fierce poetry. Chaucer has long been imagined the “father of English literature.” Nonetheless, although he is marked as a canonical
figure in the history of English letters, we will open ourselves up in Term 3 to the transgressive and unconventional qualities of his works—
Chaucer not as icon but iconoclast. Works will include: Canterbury Tales (selections) and Paul Strohm’ s Chaucer’s Tale: 1386 and the Road to
Canterbury. We will read texts in Middle English without translation, which will prove a surprisingly pleasant and entirely doable venture.
Class time will be devoted to learning to read and understand these Middle English narratives. (Dr. Har)

Outsiders and Underdogs in American Literature
ENG548AR
(T1)
This course examines the greatest American literature of the 19th century, with an eye to its massive cast of rascals, loners, misfits, fugitives,
dreamers, renegades, and wanderers. We might think of the defiance of Hester Prynne and the roving spirit of Huck Finn; the tenacity of
Harriet Jacobs and the resourcefulness of Ruth Hall; the swagger of Whitman and the watchful solitude of Dickinson; the inscrutability of
Bartleby and the perversity of Poe’s oddballs; the determination of Douglass and the calculated disobedience of Thoreau; and the curiosity of
Ishmael and the obsession of Captain Ahab. What is particularly “American” about these outsiders and underdogs? Why did these characters
figure so large in the 19th-century literary imagination, and what draws us to them still? What captivates us about Whitman’s proclamation,
“From this hour I ordain myself loos’d of limits and imaginary lines”?
Through analytical writing, creative projects, and discussion with their peers, students will have the opportunity not only to delight in
extraordinary uses of language, but also to delve deeply into the big questions: what it means to belong, the allure of escape and exploration,
the relationship between the individual and society, the realities of oppression and inequality, the ethical duties of citizenship, the uses and
gratifications of art, the journey to self-discovery, and the contours of a good life. (Dr. Gardner)
Elective Courses Recently Taught, but Not Offered in 2018–2019
Play Writing Evil, be though my good: Paradise Lost

ENG507PW ENG539PL
Cinema Symbiosis August Wilson’s View of the Second Half

ENG511CS of the 20th Century
ENG532AW or THD532
This Is America: The Wire
ENG511TW Christopher Marlowe: Dissident Poetics
ENG539CM
Twentieth Century Drama
ENG512DR African Literature
ENG513DR ENG540AF
The Literature of Travel Writing Postcolonial India: Midnight’s Children and India
ENG518TW in the 20th/21st Century
ENG540IN
Children in Literature: Growing Up in a Changing
World Contemporary Caribbean Literature
ENG520CL ENG543CC
Gender Roles in Contemporary World Fiction Race and Comparative American Literatures
ENG520GR ENG543CL
Under the Fur: Animals in Literature Steal This Course!

ENG521AL ENG544ZZ
Arthurian Clatter Modernisms

ENG526AC ENG546MO
Troubling Literature: Contesting Authority John Donne and 17th-Century English Poetry
In and Through Literature ENG547JD
ENG528TL
The Internet in Print
The Storm ENG549DD
ENG530ST
Don Quixote
ENG539DQ

H IS T O RY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
The study of history and the social sciences provides certain kinds of knowledge, skills, and understanding fundamental to a liberal arts edu-
cation. An understanding of the American past continues to be a prerequisite for a participating citizen in a constitutional republic. Vital
though such study is, an understanding of our nation alone is not enough. The examination of other cultures around the globe is crucial
for broadening a student’s understanding of an interdependent world. The Department of History and Social Science therefore integrates
the study of international cultures throughout its program. Detailed information on the department, faculty, courses, and other aspects of
history and social science may be found at www.andover.edu/history.
Diploma Requirements
Entering four-year students must successfully complete seven terms of departmental study. HSS100A, HSS100B, HSS201, and HSS202 are
four terms in total. The additional three terms of U.S. history complete the department’s requirement. Students entering as 10th-graders
must successfully complete four terms of departmental study: one term of HSS201 taken in 10th grade and three terms of U.S. history.
Students entering as 11th-graders must successfully complete three terms of U.S. history as described above or, if given credit by the depart-
ment chair for a U.S. history course taken previously, three terms of other courses in the department. Students entering as 12th-graders and
postgraduates are strongly encouraged to take courses in history and social science but are not required to do so unless 1) the department
deems their previous preparation inadequate, in which case they will be required to complete a term of departmental study; or 2) they took
U.S. history in ninth or 10th grade, for which the department ordinarily does not grant credit. For one-year international students, the
diploma requirement is the completion of three terms of history, starting with HSS320. The Department of History and Social Science
grants no credit for summer study, including work completed at Phillips Academy’s Summer Session.
Placement
The department is dedicated to placing students in the appropriate level of history study. Such placement is ordinarily done by departmen-
tal review of a student’s previous record. On the basis of their previous academic record in history and social science and other subjects,
some students may be advised to wait to begin the U.S. history sequence—a term (begin in December) or a year (begin the following
September). It should be noted that there is no requirement that students begin U.S. history during their upper year—those with passionate
interests in other areas may find it advantageous to wait until senior year. However, barring strong alternative interests, it is recommended
that students take U.S. history in their upper year. In all cases, final individual placement is determined by the department chair. Explicit
permission of the department chair is required to start U.S. history in Term 2 of upper year.
Phillips Academy Archives
The Department of History and Social Science encourages the use of the Academy’s extensive archival collection. For students who have
completed HSS300 or HSS310 and are interested in pursuing work with the raw materials of history (including oral history), the Academy
archivist offers a unique tutorial-research opportunity on some aspect of the history of Phillips Academy or Abbot Academy. Students
undertaking archival study for credit should apply for an Independent Project through the Dean of Studies Office.
Notes for Students and Advisors
The Department of History and Social Science places great value on teacher continuity and works with the scheduling office to ensure that,
as often as possible, students in the 100 and 300 sequence retain the same instructor. The HSS201 and HSS202 courses, however, are not
a continuous sequence. They are term-contained courses. Returning Lowers who will take HSS201 and HSS202 should not expect to have the
same instructor in both classes.
In the past, students have applied for independent projects (IPs) when they have desired to do advanced work in history or social science
not covered by our elective program. We now ask that students interested in advanced work in this department enroll in HSS600 in Term 2
instead of applying for an IP.
World History
HSS100A
HSS100B
(TWO-TERM SEQUENCE; HSS100A AND HSS100B CAN BE TAKEN T1 & T2, T2 & T3, OR T1 & T3)
HSS100A, Exploring Global Antiquity, 600 B.C.E.–600 C.E.—For Juniors. Exploring Global Antiquity investigates the creative and
disparate ways in which communities across the globe developed, organized themselves, and responded to crucial social, political, and
economic obstacles. This course asks students to examine particular stories in detail, whether it be the Persian challenge to Greek city states,
the great temple construction of the Mayans, the consolidation of the Han Empire in China, or the striking emergence of Christianity in
the Mediterranean basin. Students will practice and improve the skills essential to the study of history and social science: think objectively;
read and evaluate primary sources and secondary sources; annotate efficiently and organize notes; write with clarity and concision; integrate
evidence effectively in written and oral argument; use library research tools; and utilize a variety of textual, visual, statistical, and physical
materials to understand and explain the past.
HSS100B, Consolidating Powers and Expanding Connections, 600 C.E.–1400 C.E.—For Juniors. In Consolidating Powers and Expanding
Connections, students examine the continuity and development of the Chinese state, the impact of increased economic productive capacity,
and the implications of expanding and intensifying networks of communication and exchange that linked people across continents and seas,
enabling incredible journeys and facilitating the exchange of customs, goods, ideas, beliefs, technologies, and germs—with far-reaching
consequences. The development and spread of the Islamic faith and the expansion of the Mongol Empire are two lenses through which
these increasing connections are examined. Equally important to understanding these stories is the continued development of the skills
begun in Term 1 of the sequence.

World History
HSS201
(T1, T2)
Exchange, Resistance, and Adaptation, 1400 C.E.–1800 C.E.—For Lowers. This course will examine how economic, intellectual, and
social change developed as a dialogue between peoples of the world from 1400 to 1800. By examining primary and secondary sources from
multiple perspectives, students will work to contextualize local experiences within global transformations and will be encouraged to under-
stand historical change as a dynamic process. Areas of study will include economies of silver, the Atlantic slave trade, gunpowder empires,
and religious reform and transformation.
World History
HSS202
(T2, T3)
For Lowers. Instructors choose to teach one of the following courses. Each is a different topic with different content, but designed to
develop the same skills.
Revolutions—What is a revolution? What is the difference between change and revolution? What motivates people to risk their lives or
engage in violence to bring about political and social change? What factors contribute to successful revolutions? This course will explore
these questions by studying the histories of three distinct revolutions: the Haitian Revolution in the late 18th century, the Russian
Revolution in the early 20th century, and the long battle to end South African Apartheid throughout much of the 20th century. With an
emphasis on building analytical and critical writing skills, we will analyze the causes and patterns of change that take place in culture, social
structure, politics, and the economy.
Cities—In 1800, only 3 percent of the world’s population lived in cities. In 2008, the world’s population was evenly split between urban
and rural areas. By 2050, almost two-thirds of the world’s population will live in cities. Historically, people migrated to cities in search of
jobs and opportunity, and cities often proved to be spaces of growth and industry. Although places of cultural and social exchange, cities
also fostered stark inequalities. As such, cities are contradictory spaces, enabling innovation and collaboration, but at times limiting, confin-
ing, and excluding groups of people. With an emphasis on building analytical and critical writing skills, we will study the rise and growth
of cities, asking how space and power has been negotiated and contested, how urbanization has affected the rural, and how we have shaped
cities—and they have shaped us.
Required Sequence in United States History
The United States

HSS300A
HSS300B
HSS300C
(THREE-TERM COMMITMENT)
(T1, T2, T3)
For Uppers and Seniors. This course completes the department’s diploma requirements. The sequence emphasizes three goals: knowledge
of a narrative of American history; the acquisition of skills by daily exercises in reading, note-taking, and writing; and in-depth study of
organizing themes.
Students completing this course who wish to take the College Board Advanced Placement (AP) exam should check with their teachers, since
extensive review is required.
Topics in United States History for International Students

HSS320A
HSS320B
(TWO-TERM COMMITMENT)
(T1, T2)
A course for entering Seniors for whom English is a second language. The intention of this course is to recognize the particular needs and
strengths of students. The content is focused around key questions and issues in United States history. These include how a “democracy”
emerged in America, the enduring dilemma of race and ethnicity, the rise of the American economy, and America’s role in the world. The
course emphasizes writing and language skills by gradually increasing the complexity of assignments and the amount of reading.
Advanced Courses
Advanced courses, numbered 400 and above, are open to students who have successfully completed at least one term of HSS300 or, in rare
cases, with the permission of the department chair. These courses may be taken for a term only, but students may choose to remain in two-
term or yearlong elective sequences.

Senior Research and Writing Seminar
HSS495
(T1)
For one-year students. This course emphasizes the skills needed to successfully complete Andover’s upper-level history electives. It will share
with other humanities classes an interest in how language and evidence are used—and misused—to make arguments. Our primary focus
will be learning how to research and write persuasive essays and papers, and we will benefit from frequent visits and access to the campus’s
Oliver Wendell Holmes Library. This course is organized around a series of contemporary themes: the duties and obligations of citizens in
the 21st century, global poverty, human rights, and war and peace. (Mr. Fritz)
Economics I: Microeconomics and the Developing World

HSS501
(T1, T2)
In HSS501 students study microeconomics, theory of the firm, the organization of markets, and the role of governments in all areas of
the global economy. Special attention is given to development economics, resource markets, questions concerning racial and gender wage
discrimination, and public sector issues such as health care and the economics of the environment. Students also study a range of economic
development models and complete an applied research project using such models in relation to a contemporary developing country. Classes
consist of discussions, simulations, debates, problem sets, and team research. Students completing this course are eligible to enroll in
HSS502 and/or HSS503.
Term 1—Limited to Seniors. Coupled with HSS502 in Term 2, the Term 1 course will prepare students to take both the macroeconomics
and microeconomics AP exams.
Term 2—Preference to Seniors. Students enrolling in HSS501 in Term 2 will be prepared to take the macroeconomics AP exam.
Economics II: Macroeconomics and the Global Consumer

HSS502
(T2, T3)
HSS502 introduces students to the basic principles of macro- and microeconomics and their application and relevance to national and
international public policy. Students examine the development of the contemporary global economy and use basic theoretical tools to
analyze current issues. Classes consist primarily of discussions, although the course also employs role-playing, films, lectures, and student
reports on their term projects.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of HSS501.
Economics Research Colloquium

HSS503
(T3)
This research colloquium investigates public policy issues in the field of economics. Topics include the debates over sustainable growth, tax
reform, supply-side economics, labor organization, national industrial policy, pollution, population growth and welfare policy, and the ethi-
cal responsibilities of business. Classes center around discussion of individual students’ works in progress; a term paper and presentation on
an issue of choice are required.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of HSS501.
Comparative Government
HSS505
(T3)
This course introduces students to the world’s diverse political structures and practices. A comparative study of six nations—Britain, Russia,
China, Nigeria, Mexico, and Iran—serves as a core for the course. By examining the political implications of different types of social and
economic development, students become familiar both with general political concepts and with a broad array of specific issues, and they are
able to use their knowledge as a template for examining how other countries respond to global challenges. Students may choose to write an
in-depth paper in lieu of a final exam. The course prepares students to take the AP exam in Comparative Government and Politics, though
this is not its primary goal. (Mr. Fritz)

Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
HSS509 (may be taken as a History or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT521WG)
(T3)
One credit assigned in History or Interdisciplinary. Pink is for boys and blue is for girls. At least it used to be. We will explore the ways
that our everyday lives are guided by socially prescribed gender norms. Through the study of the historical production and contemporary
interpretation of the categories of “woman” and “man,” “female” and “male,” “heterosexual” and “homosexual,” we will seek to better
understand how gender-based inequalities have evolved and are both supported and simultaneously contested in societies across the world.
In addition, we will seek to gain a better understanding of the ways that gender, sex, and sexuality inform local, national, and global efforts
to improve the lives of individuals and to achieve social justice for entire communities. We also will explore the intersection of sexuality,
gender, sex, race, ethnicity, class, and other forms of identity. Through a variety of sources—written documents, social media, film—this
course will introduce students to a wide variety of issues across disciplines, including historical, anthropological, medical, legal, and popular
culture. We also will explore contemporary uses of social media as sites of research, activism, and networking. (Dr. Ramos)
African Postcolonialism through Film

HSS517
This course will introduce students to a variety of African postcolonial histories and will use film as a lens to analyze, explain, and provide
different views on the cultural, political, and economic legacy of colonialism in the 20th and 21st centuries. In each specific historical case,
students will explore essential questions such as: What did colonialism look like? How was independence achieved? What were/are the
repercussions for the colonizer and the colonized? Film will be used to help answer these questions and to help students better understand
various perspectives and experiences of colonialism and postcolonialism.
Asian History
HSS521
(T3)
This course surveys the history of China, Korea, and Japan from traditional to modern times. The content of class lectures and discus¬sions
ranges over a variety of themes, which include the vectors of politics and structures of the state, connections with the outside world, eco-
nomic and social organization, popular and elite cultures, and the contours of everyday life. In addition to a basic textbook, readings draw
heavily on primary materials such as government documents and autobiographies, allowing us to explore Asian representations of their
social world. (Ms. Son)
History of the Middle East

HSS531
HSS532
(T2, T3)
HSS531, Term 2—This course offers students a comprehensive introduction to a broad swath of the world in which Islam is the most
widely practiced faith and with which the United States is intimately involved. In our study of the emergence of the Modern Middle
East from the Ottoman Era to the present, we will begin with an examination of 19th-century institutions and Middle Eastern attempts
to encourage or resist change during Ottoman decline. We will examine the age of colonialism in the region, the rise of nationalism, the
impact of WWI, the impact of Palestinian and Israeli nationalism, the significance of secular ideologies like Arab nationalism and socialism,
the rise and fall of Nasserism, the rise of Islamism, the impact of petroleum, the Iranian revolution, the Gulf War, the War on Terror, and
the 2011 uprisings and their outcomes. (Ms. Monroe)
HSS532, Term 3—History of the Middle East will delve into the history of the relationship between Iran and Iraq. Two nations at the
heart of contemporary conflict, this course will examine in greater detail their history through periods of stability, strength and regional
dominance, and fracturing and disarray. We will examine the local, regional, and global impact of these two nations, whose histories are
often inextricably linked. We will examine the development of nationalism, impact of colonialism, the Cold War and the rise of leftist and
Islamist political movements and will take a more detailed look at the Iranian revolution and its regional and global impact, the Iran-Iraq
war, the post-Cold War period and nuclear weaponry, the American wars in Iraq, the emergence of ISIS, and the nuclear deal-making.
Along with our course text, we will utilize a wide array of source material, both primary and secondary, as well as articles, films, music, and
online resources. (Ms. Monroe)
Europe: Birth, Revolution, and War

HSS541
HSS542
HSS543
(T1, T2, T3)
Each of these courses can be taken separately. One term does not serve as a prerequisite for another. If taken as a sequence, these courses
offer students an overview of the cultural, economic, social, political, and intellectual history of Europe from the late Middle Ages to the
formation of the European Union. Readings will include Wiesner-Hanks’s Early Modern Europe and Merriman’s A History of Modern Europe,
primary sources, literature, and a variety of secondary readings.

HSS541, Term 1—1450–1789. Topics include: the Age of Discovery, the Renaissance, the Reformation, the rise of absolutism, the arts and
culture of the Baroque period, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. (Ms. Doheny)
HSS542, Term 2—1789–1914. Topics include: the French Revolution and Napoleon, the revolutions of 1848, nationalism and national
unification, liberalism, and European imperialism. (Ms. Mulligan)
HSS543, Term 3—1914–1992. Topics include: the Great War, the Russian Revolution, political turmoil in the 1930s, the Second World
War, the rebuilding of Europe, Eastern Europe during the Cold War, and the collapse of Communism. (Ms. Mulligan)
Gender and Power in Tudor England

HSS546
(T3)
Women are at the heart of the Tudor story, either as wives or monarchs in their own right. The story begins with the marriage of Henry
Tudor to Elizabeth of York. The story of their son, Henry VIII, and his six wives is well known. The women who became tangled in his des-
perate search for an heir were well aware of the need to produce male children in an era that believed the sex of a child was determined by
the mother. Women such as Anne Boleyn were also adept at playing the marriage game. They knew their own power; they also understood
the risks of failure. No monarch better understood the problems that faced a woman in power than Henry and Anne’s daughter, Elizabeth.
Her mother had been executed on trumped-up charges of adultery, and she had seen the power of her sister, Mary, compromised by mar-
riage to a foreign king. When she finally became queen in 1558, she began to craft an almost mythical image of herself as the Virgin Queen.
Elizabeth understood the relationship between power and gender better than anyone.
This is an old-fashioned story of kings and queens, but with a twist. It focuses on the women involved in this drama. What were
16th-century notions of power, and how did those ideas affect women? How did women at court navigate ideas of courtly love? How did
they manage to walk the fine line between appearing attractive to male courtiers, but also uphold contemporary ideas of virtue? And what
happened when these cultural norms were transgressed? (Ms. Doheny)
Europe 1914–1945: War and Peace

HSS552
(T1)
Why did Europe become the battleground for two world wars fought within 25 years of each other? This seminar will examine the politi-
cal, social, and economic conditions in Europe that set the stage for the bloodletting of the first half of the 20th century. The First World
War caused the collapse of empires, the death of millions, and a fissure dividing an idealized old Europe and a disconcertingly modern new
one. In the 1920s and 1930s, the redrawn map of Europe, socialism, fascism, and Nazism all set the stage for the next great conflagration,
while the arts and literature of those years expressed key cultural shifts. The Second World War brought horrors that resonate to this day:
Auschwitz, the siege of Leningrad, Stalin’s purges, and the firebombing of Dresden to name just a few. When the war finally ended, it would
take a remarkable shift in thinking to reconstruct a war-torn continent. Readings will include historical narrative, literature, and memoirs.
Independent reading, research, and writing will be the basis for assessment. (Ms. Mulligan)
Skulls, Angels, and Hour Glasses: Early New England Gravestone Iconography and Field Research
HSS562
(T1)
This course investigates 17th-, 18th-, and early 19th-century gravestones in the towns of Andover and North Andover. Through readings,
lecture, discussion, and most importantly, fieldwork in local colonial burial grounds, this course strives to answer several questions: How do
gravestone styles change over time? How can these changes in style allow us to understand evolving religious thought in early Andover? Can
we use this data to understand broader theoretical patterns of the change of material culture? What is the meaning of the graphic imagery
and poetic epitaphs on colonial gravestones? What can we do to preserve these cultural resources for the future while making them more
accessible to the public? Serving as the launch for a long-term project, this practicum course will lay the groundwork for photographic
and three-dimensional documentation of stones, as well the development of a database of all artistic, poetic, and biographic information
recorded on stones. This work will be conducted in conjunction with The Nest (PA’s makerspace), the North Andover Historical Society,
and Andover’s South Church. (Dr. Slater)
North American Borders

HSS564
(T1)
This course provides a space for engaging discussion and analysis on the conceptualization of borders, specifically the construction of imagi-
nary and physical North American borders that unite as much as divide the people of the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Students will
study the historiography of the social and political interactions among varied peoples along the native, imperial, and national borders of the
continent throughout the mid-1800s to the present day. The class will explore themes concerning differential power relations; immigra-
tion, citizenship, human rights, and sovereignty; nationalism, transnationalism, and internationalism; border openings and closings; and
the ethnic groups that cooperate or engage in conflict along these shifting and evolving boundaries. These complicated ideas will reflect the
leading discourse from not only borderlands specialists but also the polemic rhetoric emerging from (non)state actors across the continent to
understand the diversity of thought on shaping borders. (Dr. Villanueva)

Critical Race Theory: The American Dream Deferred
HSS574 (may be taken as a History or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT520CR)
(T3)
One credit assigned in History or Interdisciplinary. Historically, American society does not recognize race as the language of class. In this
discussion-based seminar, students will examine ways in which race and class intersect. Critical race theory eschews the goal of assimilation
into current social structure and instead looks at the experience of the “outsider” as a lighthouse that illuminates structural problems within
American Society. Students will use Critical Race Theory to analyze historical legal cases—including the nation’s first successful school
desegregation in 1931 where Mexican Americans sued San Diego, CA public schools for access and the famous 1957 court-ordered desegre-
gation of Little Rock, AR High school—in addition to contemporary legal cases of “reverse discrimination” such as Fisher v. The University
of Texas in 2012. Students will ultimately explore the question, “Is the American dream a structural fallacy that has explanation for success
but none for failure?” Assignments will consist of selected readings, reflection pieces, article reviews, and a research paper. (Ms. Paulson)
American Conservatism—Colloquium
HSS575 (may be taken as a History or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT591CO)
(T1)
One credit assigned in History or Interdisciplinary. In the 1955 mission statement for the newly founded journal the National Review,
William F. Buckley wrote the following: “The profound crisis of our era is, in essence, the conflict between the Social Engineers, who seek
to adjust mankind to conform with scientific utopias, and the disciples of Truth, who defend the organic moral order. We believe that
truth is neither arrived at nor illuminated by monitoring election results, binding though these are for other purposes, but by other means,
including a study of human experience. On this point we are, without reservations, on the conservative side.” In its skepticism of social
change and its defense of natural order, Buckley’s National Review signified a mid-20th century renewal of American conservative thought,
a political counterweight to postwar New Deal liberalism, with intellectual roots stretching back to the founding of the nation. But what
specifically did it mean in 1955, and what does it mean now, to be “on the conservative side”?
In this version of the William Sloane Coffin Jr. ’42 Colloquia Series, we will explore the many dimensions of American conservatism as
expressed in theory and in practice. Topics may include: the philosophy of conservatism; Edmund Burke and the American Revolution;
conservative laissez faire capitalism and the Chicago School of economics; race, gender, and the conservative commitment to individual
liberty; European and American conservatism in comparative study; anti-Communism; faith and science in conservative thought; and
American exceptionalism. We will also devote attention to those ideas and ideologies that have been offshoots of traditional conservativ-
ism, challenges to traditional conservatism, or both, such as libertarianism, neo-conservatism, Marxism, and neo-liberalism. Finally, we will
consider conservatism as a philosophical position that seeks stability, conservation, and tradition across disciplines ranging from the arts to
the sciences. The authors we read may include William F. Buckley, Edmund Burke, John C. Calhoun, Benjamin Disraeli, Ross Douthat,
Milton Friedman, Eugene Genovese, Barry Goldwater, Louis Hartz, Friedrich Hayek, Richard Hofstadter, Samuel Huntington, Robert
Kagan, Russell Kirk, Irving Kristol, Joseph McCarthy, George Nash, Reinhold Niebuhr, Peggy Noonan, Corey Robin, Phyllis Schlafly, Leo
Strauss, Sam Tanenhaus, Lionel Trilling, Richard Weaver, Garry Wills, and Gordon Wood.
Following the model of previous colloquia, we will meet Monday and Wednesday evenings from 8 to 9:30 p.m., and a different member of
the faculty will lead each meeting. (Dr. Jones, coordinating with faculty from various departments)
Urban Crisis
HSS576
(T2)
“All politics,” Tip O’Neill concluded, “is local.” In this seminar, students will put this oft-cited sentiment to the test by examining the
dynamic relationship between local, state, and federal politics. American cities—the key sites of contestation for many policy debates in the
decades following WWII—will serve as the lens through which students access the lived experience and ramifications of broader national
political trends, events, crises, and movements. Students will deploy the methodological tools of urban history to contemplate the cultural,
spatial, and social reality of urban environments, and examine the contingent historical development—and impact—of urban policies on
social and economic inequality in modern American cities. Some of the issues covered include suburbanization in Detroit, the War on
Poverty in Las Vegas, the War on Crime in New York, and the War on Drugs in Los Angeles. (Dr. Dahm)
Schooling in America
HSS577
(T2)
This course provides a forum for students to examine and understand the historical, sociological, and economic underpinnings of American
schooling in all its forms. Students will work toward developing a nuanced understanding of the highly politicized and personal nature of
schooling, at least in part because it is often seen as both the cause of and solution to many of America’s most prominent social challenges.
After beginning with an examination of the history of schooling in the United States, much of the course then turns to a discussion of
the purpose of schooling in America and an examination of key issues in school access, equity, and quality, with particular attention given
to the years since 1980. Though the majority of the focus is on K–12 education, some time will be devoted to post-secondary education.
Throughout the course, students are encouraged to examine schooling in America as both an observer and a participant, considering not
only the nature of American schooling as an institution, but also their experience as a student and the purpose of their own journey through
school. (Mr. Rachlin)

A Social History of Latin America
HSS581
(T2)
This class will focus on the lives of people in Latin America as well as Brazil. We will cover the history of Mesoamerica and colonial Latin
America from pre-Columbian times through independence and to the present. Specifically, we will focus on the social relationships between
Indigenous, African, and European peoples as a way to understand the impact that colonialism has had on the development of national
identities. Through a social lens, we will examine the challenges that Latin American peoples have faced in creating stable nations, including
issues of sovereignty, social and economic inequality, natural resources, and of course, relations with the United States. We will look at how
colonial legacies, neocolonial ties, and globalization have affected Latin America and its people. Questions that we will consider are: How
have race, gender, and class influenced national identity development? Historically, what roles have indigenous, blacks, and mixed-race
people played in these nations? What challenges has Latin America faced in developing a viable political and economic system? What role
has the United States played in the development of Latin American political and economic systems? What do scholars understand to be the
lasting legacies of hundreds of years of colonialism and U.S. involvement? (Ms. Ramos)

HSS588 or ENG540HR (may be taken as a History, English, or Interdisciplinary course;
official course number is INT504LL1)
(T3)
One credit assigned in History, English, or Interdisciplinary. Few events have been as transformative and far reaching in effect—yet so
texts, digital archives, fiction and nonfiction, literature, and history. (Dr. Jones and Ms. Curci)
Art and the State

HSS591
(T1)
Art and the State examines how history—and its conflicts—can be understood through the artistic objects that societies create. This course
offers a broad overview of the impact of art from the late 19th through the 20th centuries, investigating the correlation between art and
major historical, political, and cultural events or shifts over the same period in the West and East. Focusing on how visual art, music, archi-
tecture, and urban planning represent (rather than reflect) social reality, we will analyze, on the one hand, how states support, mobilize, and
utilize art and architecture and to imagine and construct national identity and cultural tradition, but on the other hand, how art enables a
critique of the state, thereby undermining the nation/national identity. Students will use textual, visual, and audio sources as material sources
and should come away with a sense both of the development of art in history and its relationship with the nation and the state. (Dr. Son)
Natural Causes: How Climate Change Wrote History

HSS593 or SCI476 (may be taken as a History, Science, or Interdisciplinary course;
official course number is INT507NC)
(T2)
One credit assigned in History, Science, or Interdisciplinary. Open to Uppers and Seniors. The impact of human activity on the behavior
of the earth’s climate has become one of the overriding concerns of the modern world, making climate change the central environmental
problem of our time. Anticipating the impact of climate change on modern civilization, however, is not an easy exercise. Past climate change
can help us to understand it as a catalyst for change that humans were not aware of, and can then help us to decide the role humans have
played in the current environmental situation.
Through a series of case studies, we will investigate how civilizations have been influenced by weather and climate change. Starting with a
historical overview of broad changes in climate, students will investigate specific instances when weather has influenced the course of his-
tory. How, for example, did winter weather protect Russia from invasion by first Sweden, then Napoleonic France and Nazi Germany? We
will then expand our scope to examine the larger and longer-term influence of climate shifts on the course of regional civilizations such as
the Maya in Central America, the Tang Dynasty in China, and the Harappan/Indus Valley civilization. The third group of case studies will
examine the impact of global climate shifts on the interaction between civilizations on a continental scale. Examples could include the rise
and spread of the Mongol civilization from central Asia to Eastern Europe and eastern Asia. We will end the term by examining the possible
consequences of climate change on the future course of modern civilization.
History Research Seminar

HSS600
(T2)
Building upon research skills developed in the Department of History and Social Science’s 100, 200, and 300 sequences as well as our
500-level elective offerings, HSS600 challenges students to tackle more in-depth and independent (though still instructor-guided) research.

Class periods will variously include lecture and discussion to build students’ critical research skills and will provide work time devoted to
library and internet research, writing, editing, teacher conferences, and peer review. Throughout the term, students will build toward the
production of an academically rigorous research paper as they complete checkpoints, including a topic proposal, thesis statement, annotated
bibliography, outline, and a paper draft. To encourage students to take full ownership of their research and to pursue individual passions in
history and social science, each student will be given the autonomy to select a research topic of their choosing. Class size may be limited,
and this course will take the place of most history Independent Projects.
Prerequisite: Completion of the HSS300 sequence.
Courses Related to the Study of History and Social Science in Other Departments
Histories of Art
(T1, T2, T3)
Michelangelo’s David. A three-second Snapchat. The Rothko Chapel. Video of a police officer shooting Tamir Rice. O’Keeffe’s flowers.
society in which they were produced, and they pay particular attention to the effects of class, economics, gender, national identity, politics,
race, religion, sexual orientation, technology, and urbanism on art and visual culture. By focusing on both form and context, students foster
a visual literacy that serves them well for a lifetime. Although the course focuses primarily on the traditional “fine” arts, students develop the
skills and dispositions to navigate varied elements of contemporary visual culture, including Snapchats and amateur videos.
Throughout the year, students use local collections and exhibitions for the study of original works. Students enrolled in ART441, 442, or
443 also are eligible to join an optional study trip to Europe during spring break.
ART441, Term 1—Beginning with art as mimesis—as representation of “reality”—in Greece, the term concludes with its further develop-
ment during the Renaissance in Italy. Along the way, students encounter creators such as Praxitiles, Giotto, and Leonardo and explore many
topics, including the development of organized labor, the economics of the Medici Bank, the evolution of the social status of some creators
from craftsman to artist, the devastation of the Black Death, the gendering of different media (e.g., tapestries versus sculpture), and the
power of monarchy and papacy.
ART442, Term 2—The term stretches from the Reformation through Impressionism, and students examine themes throughout, includ-
ing the evolving tension over the obscuring of boundaries between the wonders of art and the wonders of nature; the gradual shift of
sovereignty from pope and king to individual and from patron to artist; the development of photography; the prevalence of rape imagery;
the changes in social regulation, spectacle, and exhibition; and the rise of “globalism” in London and Paris. Students study artists such as
Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Bonheur, Courbet, and Monet.
ART443, Term 3—Covering the end of the 19th century to the present day, students this term encounter a range of artists, including Paul
Prerequisite: Open to Lowers, Uppers, and Seniors, who may take one, two, or three terms; completion of ART222, 223, 224 or 350 is

ART465
(T3)
Utilizing the Addison Gallery of American Art’s collection, ART465 students will have the opportunity to learn how aspects of history and
culture are portrayed, expressed, and shaped by art and in art collections. This course will guide students through themes in American art
from the 19th century to the present and explore the history of the Addison Gallery’s collecting practices, beginning with the gallery’s found-
ing in 1931. ART465 will split time between the classroom and the Addison. In the classroom, students will learn about and discuss histori-
cal developments in American art. In the galleries, students will hone their skills in visual analysis while applying historical knowledge gained
from assigned readings and in-class discussion to deepen their understanding of objects in the Addison’s collection. Students are expected to
engage deeply with the Addison collection, complete all readings and assignments on time, and work collaboratively with their peers.

considerations. (Dr. Williams, Visiting Scholar in Art History and Assistant Curator at the Addison Gallery)
Elective Courses Not Offered in 2018–2019
Disease and Medicine in the United States: Pox and Pestilence

HSS480 or SCI480
Race and Identity in Indian Country: Decolonizing Museums and Healing the Wounds
HSS561
The American Civil War, 1845–1877

HSS565
The Making of America? Industrialization, Immigration, and Identity in the Merrimack Valley, 1830–Present
HSS567
A History of 1968: Year in Crisis

HSS572
American Popular Culture

HSS578
Environmental History
HSS579
Shamans, Sacrifice, and Ceremony: The Maya Spirit World from Antiquity to the Present
HSS583

INT E R DISCIPLINARY STUDIES
A liberal education seeks, in part, to produce citizens who are synthesizers of information, interrogators of knowledge, and discerners
of meaning—citizens equipped to question and enact justice. While a school fosters such critical thinking in myriad ways, integrative
approaches to learning provide students with skills and dispositions fundamental to this aim: identifying preconceptions and bias, recogniz-
ing the validity of another’s point of view, appreciating ambiguity, understanding ethical considerations, sparking creative problem-solving,
and ultimately employing these skills in the pursuit of bettering our world.
At Phillips Academy, interdisciplinary approaches to learning can be structured in varied ways, yet the core component of any interdisciplin-
ary experience has the student—the epistemological site of learning—place two or more disciplines in an active, sustained conversation that
stresses connections.
The Department of Interdisciplinary Studies creates, houses, and supports individual courses devoted to interdisciplinary learning as well as
courses devoted to the study of race-class-gender-sexuality, and it collaborates with other departments to embed such study across the cur-
riculum. Throughout its work, the department is guided by its stated philosophy outlined in “Interdisciplinary Work at Andover: Purpose
and Scope” (2016).
Each of the following courses may be taken for credit in Interdisciplinary Studies (INT). In addition, most courses may instead be taken for
credit in one or more other academic departments, as indicated.
Courses that significantly embed intersectional studies of varied axes of identity, including race-class-gender-sexuality, are highlighted
with an (*).
Third-Level German
INT300 (may be taken as a German or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3) (END OF A THREE-TERM COMMITMENT)
One credit assigned in German or Interdisciplinary.
INT300, Term 3—Berlin: From Imperial Capital to Weltstadt. One credit assigned in either German or Interdisciplinary. This course is
open to students who have successfully completed GER300B. Term 3 is designed to combine the study of the German language with the study
of German culture and history. The language classes will focus on the integration of immigrant youth in today’s Berlin. The course materials,
a 2010 documentary titled Neukölln-Unlimited, related newspaper articles, and music selections will provide students with the grammar and
vocabulary that will enrich their understanding of the city’s transformation from an imperial capital to a multicultural world city.
The history classes will be taught in English and use Berlin as a lens through which to study some of the most transformative moments in
German history: the unification in 1871, the First World War, the Weimar Republic, the rise of fascism and the Second World War, the
post-war division of Germany, and finally the reunification of a divided Germany from 1989 to 1990. Readings will combine historical nar-
rative with cultural studies of the art and architecture that form the Berlin landscape in order to understand how the city on the Spree was
shaped by shifts in the nature of German national identity. Successful completion of this course satisfies the diploma requirement in German.
Environmental Science: Food, Agriculture, and the Future

INT501FA (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1)
One credit assigned in Science or Interdisciplinary. Open to Seniors and to Uppers who have completed one year of laboratory science.
This course may be taken in addition to or independently of SCI410 and/or SCI430. This course examines agriculture as a major driver of
global environmental change and public health trends. We will explore the demands placed on food production by population growth and a
dietary transition, the chemical origins and ecological impacts of fertilizer, and the implications of limited resources of water, land, and oil.
The course will integrate fundamental environmental principles of nutrient cycling and energy flow, provide an introduction to environ-
mental economics and policy, and examine how agriculture affects land use, climate change, and biodiversity. We will explore public health
impacts of agriculture including food safety, antibiotic resistance, and the rise of obesity and diabetes. Finally, we will consider the future
of agriculture and food. Readings will include original scientific literature, nonfiction books and essays, text excerpts, and news coverage.
Students should be prepared to undertake a term project. (Mr. MacKinson)
Environmental Science: Global Climate Change

INT501GC (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Science or Interdisciplinary. Open to Seniors and to Uppers who have completed three-terms of laboratory science.
This course may be taken in addition to or independently of SCI420 and/or SCI430. This course prepares students to grasp the science
behind the politics. The course begins with an overview of climate science, including atmospheric composition, major biogeochemical
cycles, principles of energy conservation and flow, the greenhouse effect, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and natural climate variabil-
ity. We then investigate recent anthropogenic climate change, examining both causes and consequences. We will primarily consider impacts
on ecological systems, but also assess impacts on public health, economics, and global justice. The second half of the course will address the
response to global climate change by investigating mitigation strategies. Students will analyze current and potential future sources of energy,
both nonrenewable and renewable. Readings will include original scientific literature, nonfiction books and essays, text excerpts, and news
coverage. (Mr. MacKinson)

Water and Humanity
INT502WH (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course)
(T2)
Water and Humanity examines the dynamic and tenuous relationship between water resources and human development. Exploring water
from a multidisciplinary, project-driven perspective, students will think critically about the central role water has played and must continue
to play in the viability and vitality of all civilizations, as well as the many challenges that people face in sustaining, protecting, and gaining
access to usable fresh water. Students will encounter diverse materials, use holistic approaches, and engage in innovative project planning to
consider, understand, and propose solutions to complex water issues. Using blended methodology involving online videoconferencing and
learning, face-to-face conversations and lessons, research and project development, this course will focus on the value of water and on the
issues that water scarcity presents within the contexts of such elements as religious belief and practice, the human-water relationship in fine
art and architecture, national and imperial infrastructure, and industrial development. Students also will think about the role of water in
their own local, regional, and global communities, while researching and proposing their own solutions to complex multidisciplinary water
issues. (Mr. MacKinson)
Histories of Art
INT503HA1 (may be taken as an Art or Interdisciplinary course)
INT503HA2 (may be taken as an Art or Interdisciplinary course)
INT503HA3 (may be taken as an Art or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in Art or Interdisciplinary. Michelangelo’s David. A three-second Snapchat. The Rothko Chapel. Video of a
police officer shooting Tamir Rice. O’Keeffe’s flowers.
society in which they were produced. Particular attention is paid to the effects of class, economics, gender, national identity, politics, race,
religion, sexual orientation, technology, and urbanism on art and visual culture. By focusing on both form and context, students foster a
visual literacy that will serve them well for a lifetime. Although the course focuses primarily on the traditional “fine” arts, students develop
the skills and dispositions to navigate varied elements of contemporary visual culture, including Snapchats and amateur videos.
Throughout the year, students use local collections and exhibitions for the study of original works. Students enrolled in ART443 also are
eligible to join an optional study trip to Europe during Spring Break.
ART441, Term 1—Beginning with art as mimesis—as representation of “reality”—in Greece, Term 1 concludes with the further develop-
ment of art during the Renaissance in Italy. Along the way, students encounter creators such as Giotto and Leonardo and explore many
topics, including the development of organized labor, economics of the Medici Bank, evolution of the social status of some creators from
craftsman to artist, devastation caused by the Black Death, gendering of different media (e.g., tapestries versus sculpture), and the power of
monarchy and papacy.
ART442, Term 2—Term 2 stretches from the Reformation through Impressionism. Students examine themes throughout, including the
evolving tension over the obscuring of boundaries between the wonders of art and the wonders of nature; the gradual shift of sovereignty
from pope and king to individual and from patron to artist; the development of photography; the prevalence of rape imagery; the changes
in social regulation, spectacle, and exhibition; and the rise of “globalism” in London and Paris. Students study artists such as Caravaggio,
Rembrandt, Bonheur, Courbet, and Monet.
ART443, Term 3—Covering the end of the 19th century to the present day, students in Term 3 encounter a range of artists, including Paul
Prerequisite: Open to Lowers, Uppers, and Seniors, who may take one, two, or three terms; completion of ART225 or a 300-level art elective is
Law and Literature

INT504LL1 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)
INT504LL2 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1, T2)
ENG521, Term 1—Exploring Narrative. This course explores the role of narration and storytelling in law, politics, and literature. It begins
with a study of what narrative is, drawing from readings in literature, philosophy, and psychology. Equipped with a working definition,
students will then investigate the narrative form in action across the disciplines of law, politics, and literature. What role does storytelling
play in our law and politics? How do the stories of literature impact our understanding of law and politics?

ENG522LL, Term 2—Exploring Metaphor. This course explores the power and role of metaphor in law and literature. Drawing from
interdisciplinary sources, students will study competing theories on the nature of metaphor and its particular importance in the disciplines
of law and literature. Along the way, students will grapple with two works of literature where the nature of metaphor is on display: Vladimir
Nabokov’s enigmatic novel Pale Fire and the poems of Wallace Stevens in The Palm at the End of the Mind. Some questions we will struggle
with include what is the relationship between metaphor, truth, and literal meaning; how do metaphors generate their meanings; and how, if
at all, might metaphors expand or contract our understanding and experience of the law, the world, and ourselves? Student work will consist
of the analytical essay, discussion board writings, and some introduction to the practice of legal writing and advocacy.
In both terms, readings will draw from a wide range of disciplines and genres, including legal opinions; cultural, political, and philosophical
essays; poems; a novel; and/or a play. (Mr. Calleja)

INT505HR (may be taken as an English, History, or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
Astrobiology: Life Among the Stars

INT506AB (may be taken as a Physics or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Physics or Interdisciplinary. We invite you to embark on a journey to explore the field of astrobiology, the study
of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe, on and beyond planet Earth. We will begin our exploration by studying
the fundamentals of relevant sciences—physics, astronomy, chemistry, and biology—and will then apply these sciences to understand the
potential requirements and limitations of life on Earth as well as on other planets and moons in our solar system. As we learn about histori-
cal and current efforts to detect life on these bodies, we will consider objects resident in our own solar system, including Mars, the moons
of Jupiter, the moons of Saturn, and other solar system bodies such as Ceres and Pluto. Next, we will expand our view to include other
possible abodes of life outside of our solar system as discovered by modern astronomers and modern instrumentation (i.e., the Hubble and
Kepler space telescopes). Finally, we will examine the role of fictional alien biology on the human imagination through literature, film, and
music.

INT507NC (may be taken as a History, Science, or Interdisciplinary course)
(T2)
Art and Mathematics

INT508AM (may be taken as an Art, Math, or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Art, Math, or Interdisciplinary. How can mathematicians use art to create proofs and how can artists use math as a
basis for concept and imagery? How can these connections help to clarify or develop both mathematical and artistic processes? Students in
this class will be using math to generate designs and structures that will function as the starting point in the creation of unique and expres-
sive works of art. Students can expect to complete three to four projects utilizing mathematical topics. The class will explore mathematical
areas such as sequences, geometry, number theory, and transformations along with art studio processes such as painting, collage, folding

(origami), drawing, and building with welded wire. On-campus field trips will include the Addison Gallery, the Knafel Map Collection, and
the Peabody Institute. (Ms. Zemlin and Ms. Buckwalter)
Project-Based Statistics
INT509PSA (may be taken as a Math or Interdisciplinary course)
INT509PSB (may be taken as a Math or Interdisciplinary course)
INT509PSC (may be taken as a Math or Interdisciplinary course)
One credit assigned each term in Mathematics or Interdisciplinary. This is a community-based learning statistics course that will enable
students to implement learned knowledge to work with communities. This curriculum-driven project contains a civic responsibility compo-
nent that ties in with the concept of citizenship. Students will apply their knowledge immediately and beneficially as they “bring numbers
to life” in colloboration with the PA community and local nonprofit organizations. For instance, students potentially would be able to
collect, organize, interpret, analyze, and project data to help the Admissions Office, Dining Services, the Brace Center for Gender Studies,
College Counseling Office, Archives and Special Collections, and other departments of interest at PA. Similarly, students can assist worthy
causes in the wider community, working with those entities to tell stories with numbers.
Prerequisite: MTH350 or permission of the department.
Human Origins
INT510HO (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1)
One credit assigned in Science or Interdisciplinary. Open to Uppers and Seniors. Take a look around. Regardless of where you are, the
consequence of three million years of human evolution is evident. This interdisciplinary science course uses insights drawn from history,
art, archaeology, and other disciplines to chart the human journey from hominid to the first civilizations that forecast the modern world.
Human Origins includes weekly field or laboratory work outside of the classroom; hands-on laboratory exercises emphasize use of Peabody
Museum of Archaeology collections and challenge students to apply ancient techniques to solve daily problems of survival. (Dr. Wheeler)
INT511AW (may be taken as an English, Theatre, or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T1)
One credit assigned in English, Theatre, or Interdisciplinary. This course will use a selection of August Wilson’s plays to investigate how
the Aunt Ester plays in the Century Cycle in both a literary and theatrical way. This section will give students a glimpse into Wilson’s fiction-
alized Pittsburgh and insights into a more historically accurate Pittsburgh and America, as well as the man as a playwright. Students will look
for connections between Pittsburgh and other American urban environments, examining how cities changed during the 20th century. This
course is open to Seniors; it may be taken by Uppers with permission from the department chair. (Mr. Grimm)
What Is Critique?
INT512WC (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. This interdisciplinary course is a survey of questions and ideas about art, literature, and
society—their natures, their functions, their meanings, and their values. What about a work makes it look like it looks or read like it reads?
What gives a work meaning, and how does it do so? What makes a work good, and how do we justify it as such? What are the consequences
of judging some works good and others not, of inclusion and exclusion? Who gets to judge—historically, white men—and how do those
judgments establish and reflect the norms and values of societies as a whole? How might we understand and assess “critique” itself as form
of empowerment against injustice (as in Michel Foucault’s estimation, an “instrument for those who fight, resist, and who no longer want
what is”)?
To address these questions and others, we will read the works of many challenging theorists, including Walter Benjamin, Judith Butler,
Jacques Derrida, Sigmund Freud, Henry Louis Gates, bell hooks, Nanette Salomon, and Kathi Weeks, among others—and we will apply
their thinking to various art, film, and fiction. (Mr. Fox)
Gender Theory
INT513GT (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary or course)*
(T3)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary.
Foundational Gender Theory. This course introduces students to foundational texts in intersectional gender theory, including key con-
cepts from gender theory as they are understood and used in critical interdisciplinary studies of gender. We will explore how these concepts
are taken up from different perspectives to address specific social problems, particularly rape culture, and the implications of these critical
approaches for thinking about and acting in the world. It is most important, independent of degree of familiarity and expertise with this

body of work, that you come willing and eager to read texts closely, ask and ponder questions, and engage others in the classroom com-
munity as peers worthy of your respect, especially in moments of disagreement. Possible authors include Gloria Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga,
Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Kate Harding, Melissa Harris Perry, Patricia Hill Collins, Fatema Mernissi, Laura Mulvey,
E. Anthony Rotundo, Gayle Rubin, Hortense Spillers, Audre Lorde, and Kimberlé Crenshaw. (Dr. Vidal)

INT514AS1 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)*
INT514AS3 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T1, T2, T3)
ENG541AS1, Term 1 and Term 2—The syllabus includes works by canonical and popular authors, filmmakers, and content creators.
production.
ENG543AS3, Term 3—Placing Asian America: Ethnic Enclaves in Literature and Film. This special topics seminar is organized around a
broad theme such as Asian/American activism; Asian in the U.S. Literary Imagination; or a specific genre, historical period, or geographic
Advanced Topics in Chinese

INT516CH (may be taken as a Chinese or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
This advanced yearlong course will have three term-based focuses. Throughout the year, students will be consistently immersed in authentic
materials in order to gain an understanding of the constantly developing, changing landscape of modern Chinese society, including that of
its overseas communities. Language acquisition is the main goal of this course, yet the integration of a variety of arts forms aims to develop
critical thinking and empathy.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHI500 or CHI520, or permission of the department chair.
CHI621, Term 1—Screening Contemporary China: Chinese Language, Culture, and Society through Films. The goal of this course is to
immerse students in authentic language and culture through Chinese films as a way to understand aspects of Chinese national and cultural
identity. It is hoped that the course not only will help students cultivate a greater command of language over analysis and theorization of
Chinese cinema, but also will help facilitate students’ understanding of Chinese cinema and culture in the context of globalization.
CHI622, Term 2—Modern Chinese Theater. During this course, students will read, study, and perform an original Chinese play,
Thunderstorm (Lei Yu), by iconic 20th-century Chinese playwright Cao Yu.
CHI623, Term 3—Chinatowns and the Asian American Immigrant Experience. One credit assigned in Chinese or Interdisciplinary.
The goal for the course is for students, regardless of whether or not they are of Chinese descent, to gain a deepened understanding of the
experience and the effects of Asian immigration into Northern California and beyond, through bilingual literature, archives, and film clips.
As part of the coursework, students will self-reflect on the meaning of racial and cultural identity, especially against the histories of the Asian
American experience. This term-based course is also experiential and will culminate in a class trip to the Bay Area or New York City.
A Room of Their Own: Women’s Studies and Literature

INT517WW1 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T1, T2, T3)
ENG541WW, Term 1—Masculinities in Feminist Literature In an interview with The Atlantic magazine, writer Junot Diaz says,
“I think [my character’s] tragedy in a number of places in this book is that he keeps choosing his mask.” Many scholars of gender talk about
American masculinity as a “mask,” and as Diaz states, this mask can lead to tragedy: suffering, disconnection, even violence. In this litera-
ture course, we will read authors who write toward a feminist view of manhood: one that emphasizes equality of the genders, emotional
connection, and healthy relationships. Each writer we will explore puts a masculine character at the center of a novel, short story, or poem
that exposes the ways in which gender norms can impede a quest for authenticity, connection, love, and truth. The texts in this course look
at themes of friendship and mentorship; identity, race, and class; sexuality; and fatherhood. Together we will consider how these authors can

help inform a range of feminist possibilities for men and masculine-identifying people. Authors: Sherman Alexie, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Junot
Diaz, Louise Erdrich, Barbara Kingsolver, Yusef Komunyakaa, and others.
ENG542WW and ENG543WW, Term 2 and Term 3—“To be a feminist can feel like being in a different world even when you are seated
at the same table,” writes philosopher Sara Ahmed in Living a Feminist Life. In this course, our seminar table will center the voices of
woman-identified authors working in all genres of literature. These authors could be called “feminist” writers, for their work somehow calls
for, or envisions, a world resistant to sexism. Our writers may all identify as women, but they write from vastly different positions in his-
tory, society, identity, and politics. So what is “feminist literature,” and what kind of work does it do in the world? Students should prepare
to write critically, personally, and creatively both in and out of class. Authors include: Roxane Gay, Marilyn Chin, Toni Morrison, Marge
Piercy, Sylvia Plath, Alison Bechdel, Virginia Woolf, Marjane Satrapi, Kate Bornstein, Margery Kempe, Ursula K. LeGuin, Louise Erdrich,
and others. (Ms. Staffaroni)
Lockdown
INT518LD (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T2)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. Prisons are a growth industry today in the United States. This course, through a blend-
ing of literature, film, and social sciences, will examine incarceration. By reading novels, memoirs, and poetry and viewing a few films, we
can gain a greater appreciation of the psychological effects of these institutions and the power of art as a means of coping with them (touch-
ing then on witnessing and testimonials). We will ask questions about ethics and justice, about self-expression, and about social control. The
course will include some experiential learning in the form of a trip to the Essex County Correctional Facility and to a nearby youth court.
Some possible titles may include: Orange Is the New Black, Gould’s Book of Fish, The Trial, Brothers and Keepers, A Place to Stand, One Day in
the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and Zeitoun. (Dr. Kane)
“I See Your True Colors”: Queer Literature

INT519QL1 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T3)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. This course examines poems, plays, and stories that raise key questions about sexuality,
gender, identity, and desire. Alongside our core literary texts, we will also consider art, music, and film as well as classic texts in the history
and theory of sexuality. Topics may include: gay liberation; AIDS activism; the closet, passing, and coming out; the relationship between
feminism and lesbian practice; trans identities and narratives; bisexual erasure; queer communities, spaces, and performance; non-normative
love and affinity; law, medicine, psychoanalysis, and religion; homophobia, transphobia, and heterosexism; mental health; debates around
same-sex marriage and assimilation; and the intersections of sexuality with race, class, age, nationality, and ability. (Dr. Gardner)
Critical Race Theory: The American Dream Deferred

INT520CR (may be taken as a History or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T3)
One credit assigned in History or Interdisciplinary. Historically, American society does not recognize race as the language of class. In this
discussion-based seminar, students will examine ways in which race and class intersect. Critical race theory eschews the goal of assimilation
into current social structure and instead looks at the experience of the “outsider” as a lighthouse that illuminates structural problems within
American Society. Students will use Critical Race Theory to analyze historical legal cases—including the nation’s first successful school
desegregation in 1931 where Mexican Americans sued San Diego, CA public schools for access and the famous 1957 court-ordered desegre-
gation of Little Rock, AR High school—in addition to contemporary legal cases of “reverse discrimination” such as Fisher v. The University
of Texas in 2012. Students will ultimately explore the question, “Is the American dream a structural fallacy that has explanation for success
but none for failure?” Assignments will consist of selected readings, reflection pieces, article reviews, and a research paper. (Ms. Paulson)
Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies

INT521WG (may be taken as a History or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T3)
One credit assigned in History or Interdisciplinary. Pink is for boys and blue is for girls. At least it used to be. We will explore the ways
that our everyday lives are guided by socially prescribed gender norms. Through the study of the historical production and contemporary
interpretation of the categories of “woman” and “man,” “female” and “male,” “heterosexual” and “homosexual,” we will seek to better
understand how gender-based inequalities have evolved and are both supported and simultaneously contested in societies across the world.
In addition, we will seek to gain a better understanding of the ways that gender, sex, and sexuality inform local, national, and global efforts
to improve the lives of individuals and to achieve social justice for entire communities. We also will explore the intersection of sexuality,
gender, sex, race, ethnicity, class, and other forms of identity. Through a variety of sources—written documents, social media, film—this
course will introduce students to a wide variety of issues across disciplines, including historical, anthropological, medical, legal, and popular
culture. We also will explore contemporary uses of social media as sites of research, activism, and networking. (Dr. Ramos)

Being, Thinking, Doing
INT522BT (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)
(T2)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. Through reading and discussing the expression of human values in selected works, stu-
dents in this interdisciplinary philosophy and literature course explore two broad questions: How do people live their lives, and how should
people live their lives? Within this framework, students think reflectively about the beliefs they and their society have developed, and they
look at the emergence of different epistemological, ethical, and political ideals and responses to life.
Readings may include Ellison’s Invisible Man, Percy’s The Moviegoer, Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons, Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five, excerpts
from Agee and Evans’ Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem, Bonhoeffer’s Letters and Papers from Prison, and brief
selections from Aristotle, Descartes, Epictetus, Kant, Nietzsche, Plato, Schopenhauer, and Spinoza. (Mr. Fox)
The Epic Tradition

INT523ET (may be taken as a Classics or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1)
One credit assigned in Classics or Interdisciplinary. Every Epic needs its hero. But what else does it require? A journey, an antagonist,
a purpose? In this course, we will examine the tradition of Epic poetry and literature, looking at the conventions and traditions it has
instilled into our modern consciousness. This project-based course will draw from texts, ancient and modern, oral and written, literary
and cinematic. Although not required, students with experience in Latin or Greek may continue working with ancient texts in the original
language. This course is open to all seniors or with permission from the Classics Department chair.
Women in Antiquity
INT524WA (may be taken as a Classics or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T2)
One credit assigned in Classics or Interdisciplinary. The literary woman in antiquity and the actual woman in antiquity are rather differ-
ent concepts. In classical literature, we can find numerous examples of powerful, erudite, and accomplished women; however, in classical
history, these examples are few. In this course, we will look at this variance and try to determine how it came to be, especially in societies
whose own deities were often female. We will pay close attention to literary figures such as Helen, Andromache, Medea, Lysistrata, Lucretia,
Lesbia, and Dido, and we will examine the life of the actual woman in the classical world in order to see how her experience compares with
her literary counterpart. Although not required, students with experience in Latin or Greek may continue working with ancient texts in the
original language. This course is open to all Seniors or with permission from the Classics Department chair.
Ancient Theatre
INT525AT (may be taken as a Classics or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Classics or Interdisciplinary. Ancient theatre produced two enduring genres, tragedy and comedy, which remain
with us today. We will explore the cultural history surrounding these two genres, from Greek festivals to Roman novels, and how they have
filtered down to us in modernity. Looking at modern corollaries and adaptations will be an important component of this course as we try to
identify the threads that connect these ancient dramatic arts to our modern experience. Although not required, students with experience in
Latin or Greek may continue working with ancient texts in the original language. This class is open to all Seniors or with permission from
the Classics Department chair.
“Our Americas”: Crossing Borders

INT528CB1 (may be taken as a Spanish or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in Spanish or Interdisciplinary. In this post-Advanced course, students will investigate how Latin America
as a region is negotiating the challenges of globalization and border crossing by concentrating on three main areas: the United States’
relationship with Latin America, the transatlantic correlation between Latin America and Spain, and the transnational cultural experience
of Latinos in the U.S. Students will acquire a basic knowledge of key periods, perspectives, and concepts particular to different disciplines
(history, literature, economics, anthropology, art, and political science, among others) and go on to examine a series of issues central not
only to Latin Americans, but to “people from the Americas.” The class will have a hands-on multidisciplinary experience by having guest
lecturers, by utilizing the resources of the Addison Gallery of American Art and the Peabody Museum, and by organizing possible trips to
local museums and/or theatres.
SPA621, Term 1—Students will study the increasingly strong relationship between Latin America and the United States through trade,
immigration, cultural influences, and economic, political, and historical movements. Students will answer the question: What presence and
influence has the United States had in Latin America in both the 20th and 21st centuries?
SPA622, Term 2—In the last series of the Americas, we will concentrate on the current cultural and demographic transformation that the
United States is experiencing due to the increasing numbers of immigrants from Latin America (thus the name “Latino”) coming to this
country. We will study how Latin American peoples, wherever their point of departure or destination, have had to negotiate from within
this transnational cultural experience in the United States. We will learn the different U.S. legal processes that migrants go through in

order to enter the country, and we will analyze concepts of identity, bilingualism, migration, diaspora, crossing borders, sense of home and
belonging, and otherness. This course is open only to students who have completed a year of Spanish at the SPA501, 521, or 522 level,
or by permission of the department chair.
SPA623, Term 3—We will concentrate on the transatlantic relationship between Spain and Latin America through economic and migra-
tory movements both ways. During the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, both regions have experienced an exchange of migratory movements
that have shaped the national culture of the recipient countries. Through a variety of cultural products (literary texts, essays, newspapers,
blog entries, music, art, films, etc.), we will study the different aspects of the migratory experience—as a celebratory manner, but also as a
source of abuse and alienation.

INT529WA (May be taken as an Art or Interdisciplinary course)
(T3)
One credit assigned in either Art or Interdisciplinary. Utilizing the Addison Gallery of American Art’s collection, ART465 students will
have the opportunity to learn how aspects of history and culture are portrayed, expressed, and shaped by art and in art collections. This
course will guide students through themes in American art from the 19th century to the present and explore the history of the Addison
Gallery’s collecting practices, beginning with the gallery’s founding in 1931. ART465 will split time between the classroom and the Addison.
In the classroom, students will learn about and discuss historical developments in American art. In the galleries, students will hone their
skills in visual analysis while applying historical knowledge gained from assigned readings and in-class discussion to deepen their understand-
ing of objects in the Addison’s collection. Students are expected to engage deeply with the Addison collection, complete all readings and
assignments on time, and work collaboratively with their peers.
considerations. (Dr. Sparling Williams, Visiting Scholar in Art History and Assistant Curator at the Addison Gallery)
Youth from Every Quarter

ENG530YQ (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT533YQ)
(T3)
One credit assigned in English or Interdisciplinary. Decades before the public education reforms of Horace Mann, Phillips Academy was
founded as a school that “shall be ever equally open to Youth, of requisite qualifications, from every quarter.” In this colloquium, we will
interrogate the three words often omitted from this statement of egalitarian ideal: “of requisite qualifications.” By developing historical
and contemporary understandings of Phillips Academy itself, we will explore issues of effort, merit, and privilege. When the Academy was
founded, what constituted qualification? Who determined it, for what purposes, and with what consequences? How have answers to these
questions evolved during the last 238 years, and why?
Using multiple methodologies and sources, we will generate our own research and observations about Phillips Academy and focus on varied
topics, including: the experiences of various historically marginalized groups at the school; privilege; the school’s role in the abolitionist
movement and slave trade; the history of Abbot Academy and its merger with/ acquisition by Phillips Academy; Asian and Asian-Americans
and the mythology of the “model minority”; the role of science and technology in fostering inclusion and exclusion, among other topics.
(Mr. Fox, coordinating schedule with faculty from various departments)
Media Studies
INT530MS1 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in English or Interdisciplinary. Working from the premise that all messages are constructed, we will
examine the forces (explicit and subtle) that inform those constructions as well as the ways in which our daily and multiple interactions
with various media determine our sense of self, identity, truth, and desire. Students will read a range of media studies theory and then put
those theories into practice by examining the language, images, narratives, and truth we encounter in news sources, advertising, television,
politics, sports, and other cultural representations. Students will be expected to write every week. Term 1 will focus on the production and
consumption of commercial news media, the indeterminate lines between news and entertainment, and the importance of branding and
advertising. Terms 2 and 3 will look at contemporary television shows, examining questions of narrative, character, and identity; current
critical writing about TV; important aspects of TV production; and thematic treatment of topics such as nostalgia, heroism, or family.
This course does not currently meet requirements for NCAA eligibility.

An Introductory Survey of African American Literature
INT532AA1 (may be taken as an English or Interdisciplinary course)*
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in English or Interdisciplinary. This seminar course offers an overview of African American literature
through reading and writing assignments, discussions, student-led seminars, and possible visiting lectures on art, music, and history.
ENG541AA, Term 1—Origins, Icons, and Abominations. The class will focus on the literature from slavery and freedom, including
captivity narratives and oral tradition, as well as Reconstruction and Post-Reconstruction literature.
ENG542AA, Term 2—Considering the American Dream. Students read the literature of the Harlem Renaissance and African-American
expressions of realism, naturalism, and modernism.
ENG543AA, Term 3—Centralizing and De-centralizing Black Life and Culture. Following an examination of the Black Arts movement,
the course will focus on literature, including poetry and drama, since the 1970s. (Dr. Tsemo)
The William Sloane Coffin Jr. ’42 Colloquia Series

This colloquium series brings instructors from across the Academy to engage students in a particular topic. Typically, more than 15 faculty
members representing more than six departments participate in a colloquium. Previous colloquia topics include Bob Dylan; Justice, Law,
Tyranny; London: Harbinger of Modernity; Charles Darwin; Relativity, Incompleteness, and Subjectivity; Youth from Every Quarter; The
Storm; and Martin Luther King Jr.
American Conservatism—Colloquium
INT591CO (may be taken as a History or Interdisciplinary course)
(T1)
One credit assigned in History or Interdisciplinary. In the 1955 mission statement for the newly founded journal the National Review,
William F. Buckley wrote the following: “The profound crisis of our era is, in essence, the conflict between the Social Engineers, who seek
to adjust mankind to conform with scientific utopias, and the disciples of Truth, who defend the organic moral order. We believe that
truth is neither arrived at nor illuminated by monitoring election results, binding though these are for other purposes, but by other means,
including a study of human experience. On this point we are, without reservations, on the conservative side.” In its skepticism of social
change and its defense of natural order, Buckley’s National Review signified a mid-20th century renewal of American conservative thought,
a political counterweight to postwar New Deal liberalism, with intellectual roots stretching back to the founding of the nation. But what
specifically did it mean in 1955, and what does it mean now, to be “on the conservative side”?
In this version of the William Sloane Coffin Jr ’42 Colloquia Series, we will explore the many dimensions of American conservatism as
expressed in theory and in practice. Topics may include: the philosophy of conservatism; Edmund Burke and the American Revolution;
conservative laissez faire capitalism and the Chicago School of economics; race, gender, and the conservative commitment to individual
liberty; European and American conservatism in comparative study; anti-Communism; faith and science in conservative thought; and
American exceptionalism. We will also devote attention to those ideas and ideologies that have been offshoots of traditional conservativ-
ism, challenges to traditional conservatism, or both, such as libertarianism, neo-conservatism, Marxism, and neo-liberalism. Finally, we will
consider conservatism as a philosophical position that seeks stability, conservation, and tradition across disciplines ranging from the arts to
the sciences. The authors we read may include William F. Buckley, Edmund Burke, John C. Calhoun, Benjamin Disraeli, Ross Douthat,
Milton Friedman, Eugene Genovese, Barry Goldwater, Louis Hartz, Friedrich Hayek, Richard Hofstadter, Samuel Huntington, Robert
Kagan, Russell Kirk, Irving Kristol, Joseph McCarthy, George Nash, Reinhold Niebuhr, Peggy Noonan, Corey Robin, Phyllis Schlafly, Leo
Strauss, Sam Tanenhaus, Lionel Trilling, Richard Weaver, Garry Wills, and Gordon Wood.
Following the model of previous colloquia, we will meet Monday and Wednesday evenings from 8 to 9:30 p.m., and a different member of
the faculty will lead each meeting. (Dr. Jones, coordinating with faculty from various departments.)
Abbot Scholar Interdisciplinary Research Seminar

INT600A
INT600B
(T2, T3)
The Abbot Scholar Interdisciplinary Research Seminar is a two-term course for seniors who wish to complete extensive independent,
interdisciplinary research and/or extensive independent research that explores varied intersectional axes of identity, including race-class-
gender-sexuality. Permission of the department chair is required. During Term 2, students focus on solidifying their self-selected research
proposal, planning their work, learning various research methodologies, executing the research, and producing a comprehensive draft.
During Term 3, each student focuses on revising multiple drafts, producing the final paper, and preparing for, and delivering, a 45-minute
public presentation. Throughout both terms, students work independently under the guidance of the instructor and a faculty advisor, and
also collaboratively with each other.

Elective Courses Not Offered in 2018–2019
This Is America: The Wire

ENG511TW
Immersion in Lawrence, The Immigrant City

INT527LA
August Wilson’s View of 1900–1940s: His Pittsburgh, Our America

ENG531AW or THD531
August Wilson’s View of the Second Half of the 20th Century

ENG532AW or THD532
Musical Theatre
MUS390 or THD390

MAT H E MAT IC S , S TATISTICS & COM PUTER SCIENCE
The mathematics curriculum is built around a core sequence of eight terms: three of elementary algebra, two of geometry, one of intermedi-
ate algebra, and two of precalculus topics. The completion of these eight terms will satisfy diploma requirements, but one or two additional
terms of precalculus are required as prerequisites for more advanced courses in calculus, computer science, and statistics. Placement of new
students in the appropriate first course is made by the department, based on the results of an online survey and placement test that is sent to
newly admitted students in the spring.
Typically, new ninth-graders entering with little or no prior study of algebra start with MTH100. For a student who already has studied
algebra and perhaps geometry, our sharply focused and adaptive Math Placement Test is designed to pinpoint those topics that the student
already knows while at the same time indicating those topics to which the student still needs introduction. With the results of this test, an
appropriate initial course is identified so that a student joins our program geared for success.
Similarly, our Math Placement Test is used for students entering as 10th-, 11th-, and 12th-graders and postgraduates. These new students
generally join our curriculum at the 300- or 400-level, again based on the results of the adaptive online test.
The precalculus curriculum focuses on the study of functions. Success in these courses is important in preparation for the challenges of
the advanced courses. To assure success, a student who earns a final grade of 2 or 3 in MTH320, 330, 340, or 350 may, with department
approval, retake the course the following term.
Students who plan to take a College Board Subject Test in mathematics should schedule the exam at the test date as close to the end of the
appropriate math course as possible. Students who plan to take the Math Level IIC Subject Test should do so after finishing MTH360;
those who plan to take the Level IC exam should do so after finishing MTH340.
The department offers many mathematics electives beyond precalculus, including coursework in advanced placement calculus, multivariable
calculus, and linear algebra. We also offer AP Statistics and typically devote one term of the MTH630 seminar series to a more advanced
class in statistics. Our computer science offerings include an entry-level class for students completely new to the discipline, AP Computer
Science, a combined math-computer science offering, and a course in which students learn programming languages used by professionals
in Web page design. The majority of students take courses beyond the required level. MTH350 and MTH360 complete the precalcu-
lus sequence. The department offers many electives beyond precalculus, some of which lead up to and beyond College Board Advanced
Placement (AP) exams in calculus, statistics, and computer science.
Every student enrolled in a mathematics course must have a TI-84 graphing calculator. No other models will be used or supported by
the department. No calculator that has CAS (Computer Algebra System) capabilities, including, but not limited to, the TI-89, TI-92, and
TI-Voyager, may be used for departmental exams.
Courses Leading To Satisfaction of the Diploma Requirement
Elementary Algebra
MTH100
(T1)
This course is for students who demonstrated, through a placement test, the need for a thorough review of first-year algebra. Stress is
placed on the understanding of the elementary structure and language of the real numbers system, the manipulative skills of simplifying
expressions, solving linear and quadratic equations, and graphing of linear and quadratic functions. The course includes work with word
problems, inequalities, absolute values, and rational expressions.
Elementary Algebra
MTH150
(T2)
MTH150 is a continuation of the thorough review of first-year algebra begun in MTH100. Students who successfully complete this
one-term course will be prepared for MTH210.
Elementary Algebra
MTH190
(T1)
A course for students who enter with a full year of algebra and who would benefit from a brief review of algebra. Stress is placed on the
manipulative skills of simplifying expressions and solving first- and second-degree equations, and on the study and graphing of polynomial
functions. Work is done with word problems, inequalities, irrational numbers, and right triangle trigonometry.
Prerequisite: A full year of algebra.

Geometry
MTH210
(T1, T2, T3)
A course for students who have had a strong ninth-grade algebra course but little or no geometry. This course is a thorough and systematic
presentation of standard synthetic Euclidean geometry. Emphasis is placed on the need for precision and clarity in the writing of formal proofs.
Prerequisites: A complete course in elementary algebra and good algebraic skills.
Geometry
MTH220
(T1, T2, T3)
This course continues the work of MTH210, with increased emphasis on the algebraic and numerical aspects of geometry.
Prerequisite: MTH210.
Geometry and Precalculus

MTH280A
MTH280B
MTH280C
A yearlong course for extremely able entering students who have completed with distinction an intermediate algebra course but have not
completed a yearlong geometry course. The course covers Euclidean geometry (both synthetic and coordinate) and elementary functions.
This course completes the diploma requirement and prepares students to enroll in MTH380.
Prerequisite: Placement by the department.
Algebra Consolidation
MTH300A
MTH300B
(T1, T2) (TWO-TERM COMMITMENT)
A two-term course for students who have completed a yearlong geometry course and would benefit from algebra review prior to entering
the precalculus sequence. The course begins with a comprehensive review of elementary algebra and concludes with topics in intermediate
algebra (as listed in the course description of MTH320). Upon completion of MTH300, the instructor and department chair will determine
whether a student takes MTH320 or MTH330 in Term 3.
Prerequisite: Placement by the department.
Precalculus
MTH320
(T1, T2, T3)
For returning students, this course is taken after MTH220 (Geometry). Topics include properties of real numbers; factoring; fractional and
negative exponents; radicals; absolute value; solutions of linear, quadratic, and radical equations; systems of equations and inequalities; and
word problems. In addition, students are introduced to the more advanced features of the TI-84 Plus graphing calculator.
Prerequisite: MTH220 or its equivalent. Students who earn a grade of 2 or 3 may re-take the course.
Precalculus
MTH330
(T1, T2, T3)
An introduction and exploration of functions with abstraction. Multiple representations of a function—as a table of values, as a graph, and
as an algebraic rule—are a central theme. Elementary functions (polynomial functions, in particular) and their transformations, composi-
tions, inverses, and applications are emphasized.
Prerequisite: MTH320 or its equivalent. Students who earn a grade of 2 or 3 may re-take the course.
Precalculus
MTH340
(T1, T2, T3)
This course focuses on rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The TI-84 Plus is used for continued study of non-linear data sets
with special attention to sets that grow exponentially and logarithmically. Elementary work with arithmetic and geometric sequences is
included. Note that entering Seniors whose prior work has not satisfied the diploma requirement must complete MTH340 or MTH400.
Prerequisite: MTH330 or its equivalent.

Precalculus Trigonometry
MTH350
(T1, T2, T3)
An exploration of the circular functions: sine, cosine, and tangent. Topics include right triangle trigonometry, simple harmonic motion,
applications, and proofs of trigonometric identities.
Precalculus Parametric and Polar Curves

MTH360
(T1, T2, T3)
Students will learn how to represent points, sketch curves, and describe motion in two-dimensional space using parametric equations, polar
coordinates, and vectors. In addition, students will study the graphs of the conic sections—parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. MTH360 is
the final course in the precalculus sequence.
Prerequisite: MTH350 or its equivalent.
Off-Cycle Precalculus Sequence

MTH330 (T3)
MTH340 (T1)
MTH350 (T2)
MTH360 (T3)
The off-cycle sequence of our precalculus curriculum covers the same topics as the course sequences that start with MTH330 in Term 1
and Term 2. However, the topics are covered in less depth and with greater focus on essential skills and concepts. This course sequence is
recommended for students who complete MTH300 during their lower or upper years or who are challenged by the pace and depth of our
on-cycle sequence. Students who complete this sequence with a grade of 4 or better are prepared to take MTH575. All other students are
prepared to take MTH510 or MTH530.
Accelerated Precalculus
MTH380A
MTH380B
(T1, T2)
This two-term course begins with a review of polynomial functions and proceeds to cover logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric
functions, inverse functions, parametric equations, polar coordinates, matrices, vectors, complex numbers, and sequences and series. Upon
successful completion of MTH380, students will be ready to study MTH580.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of MTH280 with a grade of 4 or higher or placement by the department.
Elementary Functions
MTH400
(T1)
A course primarily for entering Seniors who need to satisfy the diploma requirements in mathematics. The course focuses on functions
and their applications, including polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, circular, and trigonometric functions. Strong emphasis is placed on
graphing and the use of graphs as an aid in problem solving.
Prerequisite: Credit for three years of high school mathematics or permission of the department.
Elective Courses
Art and Mathematics

MTH415 or ART415 (may be taken as a Math, Art, or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT508AM)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Mathematics, Art, or Interdisciplinary. How can mathematicians use art to create proofs and how can artists use
math as a basis for concept and imagery? How can these connections help to clarify or develop both mathematical and artistic processes?
Students in this class will be using math to generate designs and structures that will function as the starting point in the creation of unique
and expressive works of art. Students can expect to complete three to four projects utilizing mathematical topics. The class will explore
mathematical areas such as sequences, geometry, number theory, and transformations along with art studio processes such as painting,

collage, folding (origami), drawing, and building with welded wire. On-campus field trips will include the Addison Gallery, the Knafel Map
Collection, and the Peabody Institute. (Ms. Zemlin and Ms. Buckwalter)
Introduction to Calculus
MTH500A
MTH500B
(T2, T3)
Primarily for Seniors. Topics include rates of change, limits, derivatives and antideriatives.
Prerequisite: MTH350, MTH400, or an equivalent course in trigonometry and elementary functions.
Calculus
MTH510
(T1)
Primarily for Seniors. Topics include rates of change, limits, derivatives and antideriatives.
Prerequisite: MTH360 or its equivalent or permission of the department chair.
Calculus
MTH520A
MTH520B
(T2, T3)
This is a continuation of MTH510. Topics covered include the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, further differen-
tiation of functions, techniques and applications of integration. The most successful students will be in a position to do the AB Advanced
Placement examination in calculus.
Prerequisite: A grade of 3 or higher in MTH510 or permission of the department.
AP AB Calculus I
MTH560
(T3)
This is the beginning of the three-term calculus sequence that, together with MTH570, covers the syllabus of the AB Advanced Placement
examination. This term focuses primarily on differential calculus: limits, continuity, derivatives, and applications of derivatives. Graphical,
numerical, and analytic methods will be used throughout the course.
Prerequisite: MTH360 or its equivalent, with no grade lower than a 3 in MTH340, 350 and 360.
AP AB Calculus II
MTH570A
MTH570B
(T1, T2)
This course continues the work of MTH560 finishing the syllabus for the AB Advanced Placement Examination. Topics include optimiza-
tion, integration, applications of integration, slope fields, and separable differential equations. Graphical, numerical, and analytic methods
will be used throughout the course.
Prerequisite: MTH560 completed with at least a 3 or MTH580.
AP Accelerated AB Calculus
MTH575A
MTH575B
MTH575C
A three-term commitment in calculus that begins only in Term 1. Satisfactory completion of this course prepares students for the College
Board AB Advanced Placement exam. This course does not prepare students for MTH650.
Prerequisite: MTH360 or its equivalent, with no grade lower than a 4 in MTH340, 350, and 360. Those students who do not meet this
requirement should take either MTH510 or MTH530.

AP AB Calculus III
MTH578
(T3)
This course is a continuation of the work in MTH570. The topics covered go beyond the AB curriculum including techniques of integra-
tion, arc length, improper integrals, parametric equations, and vectors. Graphical, numerical, and analytic methods will be used throughout
the course. There will be time devoted to a comprehensive review of the AB Advanced Placement topics before the AP exam in May.
Prerequisite: Completion of MTH570.
AP BC Calculus I
MTH580
(T3)
This is the beginning of a four-term calculus sequence recommended for students who are well prepared in precalculus. With MTH590
it covers the syllabus of the BC Calculus Advanced Placement examination. Topics covered include primarily differential calculus: limits,
continuity, derivatives, the Chain Rule, related rates, and the Mean Value Theorem. Some integral calculus is also covered. Graphical,
numerical, and analytic methods are used throughout the course.
Prerequisite: MTH360 or its equivalent, with no grade lower than a 4 in MTH340, 350, and 360. Those students who do not meet this
requirement should take either MTH510 or MTH560.
AP BC Calculus II
MTH590A
(T1)
This course continues the work of MTH580 in preparation for the BC Advanced Placement examination. Topics include integration and
applications of integral calculus.
Prerequisite: MTH580 completed with a grade of at least a 4 or departmental permission.
AP BC Calculus III
MTH590B
MTH590C
(T2, T3)
A continuation of MTH590, finishing the syllabus for the BC Advanced Placement examination.
Prerequisite: MTH590A completed with a grade of 3 or better, MTH570 or MTH575 completed with a grade of 5 or better, or permission of
the department.
AP Accelerated BC Calculus
MTH595A
MTH595B
MTH595C
A three-term commitment in calculus that begins only in Term 1. Enrollment is limited to the most able mathematics students. Satisfactory
completion of this course prepares students for the College Board BC Advanced Placement exam. In order to qualify for this course, return-
ing students must perform satisfactorily on a special precalculus qualifying examination given in the previous Term 3.
Prerequisite: MTH360 or its equivalent, with no grade lower than a 5 in MTH340, 350, and 360, plus permission of the department and
demonstrated excellence on the MTH595 qualifying exam.
Honors Mathematics Seminar

MTH630
(T1, T2, T3)
Term 1—Topology is the study of spaces that can be stretched, folded, and otherwise continuously distorted. The field is a foundationally
logical and visual topic in mathematics with connections all across the world of current mathematical research. The class will be proof-based
and include student presentations. It will also serve as an introduction to proof-based mathematics.
Topics to be covered include introductory set theory, metric spaces, topological spaces from so-called open sets, and the underlying proper-
ties of such spaces—such as covering and separation, countability, construction via bases, continuity, and connectedness.

Term 2—Journey Through Mathematics. This course will survey a series of influential theorems, considering not just their impact on the
progression of mathematics, but also the life and times of the theorems’ authors. Students will be able to sample a variety of mathematical
fields and consider these concepts in the contexts of history and culture. The course will consist of readings, discussions, problem sets, short
written assignments, and research projects.
Term 3—TBD
Prerequisite: MTH590 or MTH595
Multivariable Calculus and Linear Algebra

MTH650A
(T1)
The first term of this three-term sequence covers functions of many variables, partial differentiation, gradients, vectors, vector-valued
functions, and multiple integration and its applications. During Term 2, the study of multivariable calculus will be completed with line
integrals, Green’s Theorem, and Stokes’ Theorem. The remainder of the course covers topics from linear algebra, including row reduction,
Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition, matrices, vector spaces, and applications.
Prerequisite: MTH590 or MTH595 and permission of the department.
Multivariable Calculus and Linear Algebra

MTH650B
MTH650C
(T2, T3)
A continuation of MTH650A.
Prerequisite: MTH650A with a grade of 3 or better, or permission of the department.
Statistics
AP Statistics I
MTH530A
(T1)
The first term of a three-term sequence that prepares for the Advanced Placement examination in Statistics. This term primarily covers the
exploratory analysis of data, making use of graphical and numerical techniques to study patterns, and developing plans for data collection of
valid information.
AP Statistics II
MTH530B
MTH530C
(T2, T3)
A continuation of MTH530, finishing the syllabus for the Advanced Placement examination in May. Topics include probability as the tool
for producing models, random variables, independence, normal distribution, simulation, sampling, statistical inference, confidence inter-
vals, and tests of significance.
Prerequisite: A grade of 3 or higher in MTH530A.
Project-Based Statistics
MTH531A (may be taken as a Math or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT509PSA)
MTH531B (may be taken as a Math or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT509PSB)
MTH531C (may be taken as a Math or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT509PSC)
One credit assigned each term in Mathematics or Interdisciplinary. This is a community-based learning statistics course that will enable
students to implement learned knowledge to work with communities. This curriculum-driven project contains a civic responsibility compo-
nent that ties in with the concept of citizenship. Students will apply their knowledge immediately and beneficially as they “bring numbers
to life” in collaboration with the PA community and local nonprofit organizations. For instance, students potentially would be able to col-
lect, organize, interpret, analyze, and project data to help the Admissions Office, Dining Services, Brace Center for Gender Studies, College
Counseling Office, Archives and Special Collections, and other departments of interest at PA. Similarly, students can assist worthy causes in
the wider community, working with those entities to tell stories with numbers.

Computer Courses
The mathematics department teaches introductory and advanced computer science courses and supports some more advanced
independent study.
Programming Fundamentals
CSC350
(T1, T2, T3)
This course begins with an introduction to computational thinking and programming in a block-based language such as Scratch, then
moves to programming in Python, JavaScript, Processing, or another text-based programming language. Students will learn about variables,
functions, conditional statements (if-else), and iterations (loops) and will design and code their own programming projects. The course may
include additional units such as programming Finch robots.
App Development
CSC450
(T1, T2, T3)
The proliferation of websites and demand for increasingly complex content have led to an explosion of programming solutions for develop-
ing Web pages. This course introduces students to building Web pages in the latest versions of HTML and CSS, and also to programming
in Javascript, the most popular option for offering dynamic behavior on the Web. Students explore the tools needed for deploying and
managing their own websites and get a preview of other aspects of programming for the Web, such as databases, server-side systems, and
Web frameworks. In Term 2, the topic of the course will be mobile app development for iOS with Swift.
Introduction to Discrete Mathematics and Programming

CSC470
(T2, T3)
This course blends a study of programming (using the Python programming language) with mathematics relevant to computer science.
Students learn how to design simple algorithms and write and test short programs in Python. The course covers Python syntax and style
as well as data types, conditional statements, iterations (loops), and recursion. Selected mathematical topics include sets, number systems,
Boolean algebra, counting, and probability.
AP Computer Science I
CSC500A
(T1)
The first term of a three-term course in algorithms, object-oriented programming, and data structures, guided by the College Board’s AP
Computer Science course description. The course covers Java language syntax and style, classes and interfaces, conditional and iterative
statements, strings and arrays.
AP Computer Science II
CSC500B
CSC500C
(T2, T3) (A TWO-TERM COMMITMENT)
This course is the continuation of CSC500. The emphasis is on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), searching and sorting algorithms,
recursion, data structures, and the design and implementation of larger programs, including the College Board’s required case study and
team projects. This course completes the preparation for the Advanced Placement exam in computer science.
Prerequisite: CSC500A.
Computer Science Research and Development

CSC600
(T2)
This course serves as an opportunity for students to explore their passion for the subject of computer science through research in the field
and/or development of their own software projects. After learning the core tools and methodologies that are used in professional software
development and research, students will apply them to a project of their own creation. This will include a chance to grow in many areas
related to the profession in addition to the software creation process, such as maintaining open-source software, self-directed learning, pre-
senting on one’s work and related topics, collaboratively developing and testing a codebase, and analyzing and critiquing the work of others.
Students should expect to spend a significant amount of time reading articles from scientific journals, understanding others’ code and docu-
mentation, and/or performing market analysis. Students will regularly discuss the status of their project with classmates and present both on

their work and on more general computer science topics learned for and leveraged in their projects. Some student work may be submitted
for publication in a scientific journal or presentation at conferences.
Prerequisite: One term of CSC630, or permission of the department.
Honors Computer Science Seminar

CSC630
(T1, T2, T3)
This class offers students with experience and advanced knowledge of computer science the opportunity to explore specific topics beyond
the College Board’s AP curriculum. Topics will vary from year to year and may include data structures, advanced Web page design, or
graphical user interface design.
Term 1—Machine Learning: Machine learning is the process by which computers train themselves to make predictions and ultimately
decisions based upon data. It is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that plants its roots in computer science, mathematics, and statistics.
In this course, students will use the Python programming language and many powerful Python libraries to construct predictive models.
These models serve as the foundation for an incredible amount of current work done in the scientific, business, and economic disciplines.
Effort will also be made to understand the ethical implications of AI. The course will be largely project-based and will include presentations.
Prerequisite: CSC500 completed with a grade of 4 or better, or permission of the instructor.
Term 2—Journey Through Mathematics: This course will survey a series of influential theorems, considering not just their impact on the
progression of mathematics, but also the life and times of the theorems’ authors. Students will be able to sample a variety of mathematical
fields and consider these concepts in context of history and culture. The course will consist of readings, discussions, problem sets, short
written assignments, and research projects.
Prerequisite: CSC500 completed with a grade of 4 or better, or permission of the instructor.
Term 3—TBD

M USIC
Diploma Requirements in Music

• Entering Juniors must earn no fewer than a total of four credits in art, music, and theatre and dance, with at least one credit each in art
and music. Those who enter as Juniors should complete one credit in music and one credit in art by the end of their Lower year.
• New Lowers must earn no fewer than three credits in art, music, and theatre and dance, with at least one credit each in art and music.
• New Uppers must take at least one term in either art or music.
• New Seniors have no diploma requirement in music, but are encouraged to take at least one term of art, music, or theatre.
Music Placements
All entering students must complete the online music placement questionnaire to determine the level at which they will enter the music
curriculum.
• Students who matriculated as Juniors and Lowers should take their first music course (MUS225, 235, or 400 as placed) by the end of
lower year, which qualifies them for any 300-level Intermediate Elective or for some 400- or -500-level Advanced Electives. Students who
matriculated as Juniors or Lowers and placed into MUS225 who have not taken it by the end of lower year will take MUS350 during
upper or senior year to fulfill their introductory music diploma requirement. Students who matriculated as Juniors or Lowers and placed
into MUS235 who have not taken it by the end of lower year may enroll in a 300-level elective during upper or senior year to fulfill their
introductory music diploma requirement.
Note: Entering Juniors who have been placed into MUS400 and who wish to take the entire yearlong Advanced Music Theory sequence
during their upper or senior year will need to petition for permission to postpone their first term of music beyond the end of lower year.
• Students who matriculated as Uppers may fulfill their diploma requirement in the visual and performing arts with MUS350, a 300-level
elective, or MUS400, according to their placement.
• Entering Seniors have no diploma requirement in music or art, but should complete the music placement questionnaire if they wish to
take a music course.
Any students who place into MUS400 may opt instead to take MUS410 or MUS460 as their first music course (with permission of the
instructor).
The course into which each student is placed (MUS225, 235, 350, or 400) serves as the prerequisite for all electives. Exceptions are noted
in the descriptions below.
Introductory Courses
The following three courses contribute toward satisfying the diploma requirement in music.
The Nature of Music A

MUS225
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to Juniors and Lowers only. This course offers a basic introduction to music literature, theory, performance, and composition. Music
from various cultures and historical periods is examined in an attempt to increase student awareness of the musical languages and practices.
Students compose several original compositions, and they also receive instruction on musical instruments. No previous experience in music
is required.
The Nature of Music B

MUS235
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to Juniors and Lowers only. This course is designed for students who have had some experience reading music and playing an instru-
ment. As a more advanced version of MUS225, it will include more extensive experiences in composition. Study of some core works of
music literature from a variety of cultures will help develop listening skills, and there will be opportunities for live music-making in class.
Understanding and Making Music

MUS350
(T1, T2, T3)
MUS350 embraces the belief that we are all musical beings, capable of understanding, interpreting, and even participating in music. In this
course, students should expect to develop skills in Western and non-Western music which will be used as vehicles for creative expression.
Students will listen to, perform, improvise, and compose music of various genres, eras and regions, and will write about those experiences.
No previous experience in music is required. Open to Uppers and Seniors. See “Music Placement” for more information. This course is not
open to students who have taken an introductory music class at Andover (MUS225, -235, -400).

Intermediate Electives
Jazz History
MUS310
(T2)
This course begins by examining jazz’s mixture of African and European traditions and the subsequent pre-jazz styles of spiritual, blues,
and ragtime. It then proceeds with a study of 20th-century jazz styles, beginning with New Orleans and culminating with the multifaceted
creations of today’s artists. Along the way the course pays tribute to the work of some of jazz’s most influential innovators, including Louis
Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Billie Holiday, Charlie Parker, and Miles Davis. Original recordings, photographs, and videos are
used extensively throughout the term.
Survey of American Popular Music

MUS320
(T3)
American popular music has appeared in many forms throughout its history, from the early examples in minstrel shows and blues to the
vast array of styles we hear today. Students in this class will learn the roots of American popular song, and then explore the emergence of
Rock and Roll and its various musical offspring through assignments that include readings, writing, and casual experiments in performance.
Aside from discussion of the musical content of each style period, the class will also examine social and political issues that have influenced
and inspired these artists.
Survey of Music History

MUS330
(T1, T3)
A one-term survey of Western music history. The course progresses chronologically from classical antiquity to the music of today, exploring
along the way the religious, social, historical, and human issues surrounding music and its composition. Students who took a previous ver-
sion of MUS330 are not eligible for this course. (Mr. Lorenço)
Electronic Music
MUS360
(T2, T3)
This composition course is designed to enable students with modest notational skills to use electronic equipment in order to compose
music. Equipment used includes mixing board, analog and four-track tape recorders, digital stereo and eight-track recorders, analog and
digitally controlled synthesizers, drum machine, Macintosh computer, and sequencing software (Professional Performer). Projects include
com-positions in the style of musique concrète and other sound collages using synthesizers. Space limitations in the electronic music studio
require that the course be limited to nine students per term. Students must reserve three two-hour private work sessions in the studio per
week. This course does not focus on popular music. MUS360, if failed, cannot be made up by examination. (Mr. Monaco)
Film Scoring: Influencing Audiences through Sound and Silence

MUS370
(T3)
In this course, students will study film music primarily through compositional exercises, as well as analysis of films from various genres and
time periods. The course will begin with an introduction to a wide variety of compositional styles and techniques employed throughout the
history of film, including changes resulting from increased technological resources throughout the 20th century. Students will then compose
music for film scenes from different genres, such as drama, horror, romance, and action/adventure. Students will be expected to manage an
imaginary budget used to hire musicians, studio rentals, etc., and will compete with each other for film scoring “jobs.” Though this course
will primarily focus on music from the 20th century to the present, students also will learn about how certain composers connected music
to visual images in classical concert music prior to 1900. (Ms. Landolt)
Heart & Soul: A Songwriting Workshop

MUS380
(T2)
Popular music plays an important role in our modern culture: it can provide an escape from our daily lives and influence our thoughts
and actions. MUS380 will begin by exploring popular songs from artists such as Taylor Swift, Bruno Mars, and Beyonce, as well as those
of other artists from Motown to the present day. We will study songs from a variety of genres—including jazz, blues, rock, R&B, folk,
and country western—as a way of building a foundational understanding of popular music. In addition to frequent songwriting exercises,
students will write four original songs in the genre of their choice with particular focus on the musical attributes needed to support both the
genre and the specific topic of each song. (Ms. Barnes)

Musical Theatre
MUS390 or THD390 (may be taken as a Music, Theatre, or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT301MT)
One credit assigned in Music, Theatre, or Interdisciplinary. Open to any student (no prerequisites). Musical Theatre is an interdisciplinary
and experiential class that will explore both the history and performance elements of American Musical Theatre. Beginning with the 1920s
and culminating with present day, students will explore the historical context of a significant musical in a particular decade each week.
Students also will perform a number from that musical each week, challenging themselves in the discipline of performance. Over the course
of the term, students will gain knowledge of American history through the lens of the performing arts and gain experience in performing
in the three elements of musical theatre (song, dance, and spoken word). Public performances will occur throughout the term, including a
final project. (Dr. Siegfried)
Advanced Electives
Introduction to Theory and Composition

MUS400
(T1, T3)
This course is designed to give students a vocabulary to further understand and describe the music they will encounter. After beginning the
year learning hand-written musical notation, the study of scales, intervals, tonality, harmony, melodic organization, voice leading in two
parts, and harmonic dictation ensues. After this study is complete, students will be in a position to knowledgeably describe every aspect
of a typical piece of music that they may come across. Ear-training skills are developed through dictation and sight singing. Those taking
this course in the fall are encouraged to combine it with MUS540 and MUS550 to form a three-term Advanced Music Theory sequence.
Students will begin composing near the end of the term, but it should be noted that most compositional activity will occur in MUS540 and
MUS550.
The Musical Brain

MUS410
(T2, T3)
What playlists do you create to accompany you through the parts of your day? How does the music we choose shape the personal and
communal tapestry of our daily lives? The Musical Brain explores why music matters so much to us as individuals and as a species. Through
reading assignments, listening assignments, and classroom activities we’ll explore the rapidly evolving field of inquiry and research in music
perception and cognition. Topics will include the science of sound, the biological origins of music, relationships between music and lan-
guage, and the sources of music’s emotional impact. (Dr. Aureden)
Prerequisite: Successful completion of a music course at the 200 level or above. Students who have placed into MUS400 may opt to take
MUS410 instead.
Advanced Electronic Music

MUS460
(T2, T3)
This course continues to develop the skills and techniques introduced in MUS360. MUS460, if failed, cannot be made up by examination.
(Mr. Monaco)
Prerequisite: MUS360 or permission of the instructor.
Chamber Music Performance Seminar

MUS500
(T3)
This summary course affords students an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical music making through the analysis
and performance of chamber music. The process of performance and its attending anxieties also will be studied through readings and
exercises. Class work consists of sight reading, performing, coaching, and discussing chamber works and performance issues. Homework
consists of individual practice, group rehearsal, and readings from books about performance. Students are expected to be advanced instru-
mentalists and they generally will have taken at least MUS400. Because different literature is studied each term, this course may be taken
more than once.
Prerequisite: Permission of the department.
Intermediate Theory and Composition

MUS540
(T2)
Continuing from where MUS400 leaves off, this course begins the students’ hands-on compositional development. Small pieces are
composed almost nightly as students now begin to demonstrate what they previously learned to recognize and describe. Also in this term,
students will compose several larger pieces that will be written for and recorded by classmates. As the term progresses, the chords of Western

music are incorporated into their musical vocabulary one by one. Further study in sight singing and ear training help to continue that
development. In most years, this term includes a field trip to see the Boston Symphony Orchestra in concert.
Advanced Theory and Composition

MUS550
(T3)
Completing the music theory sequence, the focus for the beginning of this term is on preparation for the AP exam in May. Students study
non-dominant seventh chords, applied dominant seventh chords, and musical form before a week of AP prep. After the AP exam, a larger
project is decided upon. Past projects have included studying Chopin’s piano preludes, examining poetic meaning in Schubert’s songs, and
composing a 3–5 minute work.
Applied Music
All students who are interested in joining a vocal or instrumental performance ensemble are encouraged to do so. Participation in a music
ensemble is usually extracurricular, with no academic credit granted. Those wishing to receive academic credit for ensemble participation
must simultaneously take private lessons or attend a weekly music theory seminar. Whether participating for credit or as an extracurricular
activity, students are expected to attend all rehearsals and performances. Students wishing to receive academic credit for their ensemble
participation are expected to discuss their wishes with their ensemble director prior to selecting the course. A full list of expectations and
responsibilities is available through the music department.
Those who wish to enroll in a 900-level performance-based course (ensemble for credit) may do so at any time and, if they desire, repeat-
edly. Please note, however, that ensembles for credit (MUS900 through MUS906) cannot be counted toward fulfilling the diploma require-
ment in the arts.
Chorus
MUS900
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to all qualified students. The chorus is the Academy’s major singing group composed of mixed voices, and it performs a variety of
choral works, both sacred and secular. Those wishing to take the course on a non-credit basis need no previous choral participation, just a
desire to work hard and attend all the rehearsals. If they have not sung in the chorus before, they may take the course for credit only with
the permission of the instructor. (Dr. Siegfried)
Fidelio Society
MUS901
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to all classes. This small group of mixed voices is selected from the chorus (MUS900). It performs on numerous occasions through-
out the year both on chorus programs and on its own. Its repertoire includes music of all types, early and modern, sacred and secular.
Membership is by audition and is conditional upon continued good standing in the chorus. A student may take MUS901 and MUS900
simultaneously, but only one will be for credit. This course, if failed, cannot be made up by examination. (Dr. Siegfried)
Band
MUS902
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to all qualified students. Tryouts are held any time before the beginning of a term to test the student’s ability and to arrange for seating.
There are some school-owned instruments available for student use. All types of music for wind ensemble are rehearsed, including marches,
as well as classical, popular, and show music. Some sight-reading is done, and at least one public concert per term is given. (Mr. Monaco)
Jazz Band
MUS903
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to all qualified students. Auditions are held at the beginning of the term, as usually only one player per part is accepted. This
ensemble is in a typical big band format and performs the repertoire of the groups of Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Thad Jones, and Woody
Herman, as well as contemporary Latin jazz and jazz/rock fusion compositions. Membership is conditional on continued good standing in
the band.

Corelli Chamber Ensemble
MUS904
Open to all classes, but membership consists primarily of Juniors and Lowers. Students taking Corelli Chamber Ensemble for credit attend
Symphony Orchestra and Corelli Chamber Orchestra rehearsals each week. The Corelli Chamber Ensemble performs string orchestral litera-
ture and performs once each term. (Ms. Aureden and Ms. Barnes)
Amadeus Chamber Ensemble

MUS905
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to all classes. Students taking Amadeus Chamber Ensemble for credit attend Symphony Orchestra and Amadeus Chamber Orchestra
rehearsals each week. The Amadeus Chamber Ensemble performs string orchestral literature and performs once each term. (Dr. Aureden and
Ms. Barnes)
Chamber Orchestra
MUS906
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to all classes. Most of the music played is for string orchestra; the best winds in the school are invited to join for larger works. While
Chamber Orchestra may be elected as a credit-bearing course, it is also an activity in which all are invited to participate. (Dr. Jacoby and
Ms. Landolt)
Private Instrument and Voice Lessons

MUS909
(T1, T2, T3) (NON-CREDIT)
Weekly non-credit lessons are available on all band and orchestral instruments and, in addition, on the piano (classical and jazz), organ,
harpsichord, harp, guitar (classical, folk, rock, and jazz), bagpipes, guzheng, and voice. Students can also take private lessons in composition
or conducting.
There is an additional fee for private lessons; information regarding this fee is available through the Department of Music. Piano, organ,
harp, and percussion players are assessed a fee of $35 per term for use of instruments. The Academy owns many other instruments that may
be rented for $35 per term.

NATURAL SCIENCES
To participate fully in society, citizens require knowledge of scientific issues and an understanding of how those issues relate to their lives.
People who are broadly educated and who also have special expertise in the sciences are vital to the well-being of our planet and its inhabit-
ants. The science program is focused around four major goals.
In fulfilling the science requirement, Phillips Academy students should demonstrate:
1. They can do science. A student should pose testable questions and formulate hypotheses; design and conduct experiments; organize,
analyze, and interpret results and information; conceptualize and reason through problems, both qualitatively and quantitatively; and
articulate and present clearly and accurately ideas, results, and analysis in an appropriately selected format.
2. They are scientifically literate. A student should think clearly and critically about major issues relating to science; gain appreciation
of and experience with the natural world; perceive the relevance of science to everyday life, including global environmental issues; and
recognize the connections and interdependence among the traditional branches of science and between science and other fields.
3. They participate comfortably and fully in an inclusive community of learners. Students and teachers should work effectively
with persons of varied backgrounds, interests, and abilities in scientific collaboration, perceive the needs of the individual, team, or
community, and work to meet those needs.
4. They accept responsibility for the process of personal education. A student should play an active role in discussions, experiments, and
decisions; ask questions, question answers, and maintain an independence of thought while engaged in learning; recognize that school is
a piece of the continuum of lifelong learning, for science is a rapidly evolving field; and, hence, acquire skills that will allow one to learn
beyond the halls of academia.
The diploma requirement in science is two three-term science courses. A strong program will include some experience in biology, chemis-
try, and physics. Most four-year students take biology in ninth grade, followed by chemistry in tenth grade; however, individual interests,
backgrounds, and abilities may indicate other appropriate sequences.
The division of natural sciences offers a variety of introductory and advanced courses, yearlong and term-contained in biology, chemistry,
physics, and interdisciplinary fields. Staffing of yearlong courses is the first priority and students who wish to take a full year of science can
be so guaranteed only by taking a yearlong course. Enrollment in term-contained courses is limited and determined by seniority.
Biology
Most Juniors will take BIO100 as their introductory science course. Uppers and Seniors are placed in BIO501 or BIO581 by the depart-
ment chair. In general, students who have had three-terms of biology and a 6 in CHM250 (or equivalent), a 5 or higher in CHM300 (or
equivalent), or a 4 or higher in CHM500, 550, or 580 (or equivalent) will be placed in the BIO580 sequence.
Introduction to Biology
BIO100A
BIO100B
BIO100C
This course is for Juniors. BIO100 is theme-based and focused on major biological topics. Studying a core text will be supplemented with
other readings, writing assignments, and data analysis and interpretation. Students will learn a variety of study skills and will have an
introduction to library research tools. Laboratory experiments and fieldwork are designed to acquaint students with fundamental biological
principles and to build skills in the methods and techniques used to elucidate those principles.
Animal Behavior
BIO420
(T1)
Open to Uppers and Seniors who have had one year of laboratory science, the course is designed to familiarize the student with the basic
principles of animal behavior. The topics that receive the greatest emphasis are territoriality, aggression, mating strategies, courtship, paren-
tal behavior, migration, dominance, and the evolution of behavior patterns. Throughout the course, an effort is made to relate the behavior
of animals to the behavior of humans. A project or a research paper will be required.
Ornithology
BIO421
(T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors who have completed a yearlong science course.
No other group of chordates has captured the human imagination like birds. In the United States alone, approximately 30 million homes
have installed birdfeeders, and the sale of feeders, seed, binoculars, and bird guides has become a multibillion-dollar business. The goal of
this course is to provide an in-depth look into the world of birds by studying the behavior, anatomy, physiology, and natural history of these
feathered vertebrates. The Andover area is rich in habitat diversity and corresponding bird species. A portion of the course will be dedicated

to learning the identity (both visually and acoustically) of a segment of this local population. Labs will include numerous field trips and the
study of the natural history of birds; using bird mounts, nesting boxes, feathers, and films.
Microbiology
BIO450
(T2)
Open to Uppers and Seniors who have had one year of laboratory science. From AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria to strep throat and the
common cold, bacteria, parasites, and viruses affect our quality of life and are major obstacles to world development. This course will exam-
ine public health threats posed by selected microorganisms. We will study the biology and epidemiology of these microorganisms, learn how
to keep ourselves healthy, and develop an awareness of personal and global public health issues.
Topics in Advanced Biology I

BIO501
(T1)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. This is the first term of a three-term sequence covering advanced topics in biology. Term 1 focuses primar-
ily on the cell, touching on topics including cell structure and function, energy metabolism, cell reproduction, Mendelian and molecular
genetics, DNA technology, and genomics. Laboratory work is an integral part of this course. In addition, time is set aside in Term 1 to
learn about Andover ecology. The three-term syllabus for this course provides appropriate preparation for the SAT Subject Test but does not
provide specific preparation for the AP exam.
Prerequisite: One yearlong course in chemistry with an average grade of 4 or better. Lowers who received an average grade of 3 or below in
chemistry should enroll in a physics course upper year and BIO501, 502, and 503 senior year. Students who received an average grade of 6 in
CHM250, 5 or 6 in CHM300, or a grade of 4 or higher in CHM501, 502, 503, 550, or 580 should take BIO581 instead. Final decisions about
placement in BIO581 will be made by the department chair.
Topics in Advanced Biology II

BIO502
(T2)
A continuation of BIO501. This is the second term of the BIO501, 502, and 503 year-long three-term sequence covering advanced topics
in biology. Term 2 focuses primarily on animal diversity in form and function and human anatomy and physiology. In addition, time is set
aside to study major diseases of the world.
Prerequisite: Completion of BIO501or equivalent.
Topics in Advanced Biology III

BIO503
(T3)
A continuation of BIO502. This is the third term of the BIO501, 502, and 503 sequence covering advanced topics in biology. Term 3
focuses primarily on evolution, the origins of life, plant biology and ecology. In addition, time is set aside to study important global
ecological issues.
Prerequisite: Completion of BIO501.
Cellular Biology
BIO581
(T1)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. Following a brief review of chemical principles, the course examines the major classes of biomolecules and
how they are synthesized and degraded in the cell, with emphasis on reactions associated with energy conversion pathways such as respira-
tion and photosynthesis. Enzyme function is considered both in terms of mechanisms of action and with regard to kinetics. The relation-
ship between structure and function at the molecular level is emphasized in studies of molecular genetics and the control of genetic expres-
sion. Biotechnology is introduced through the laboratory. Not open to those who have completed BIO501, 502, and 503.
Prerequisite: A grade of 6 in CHM250, a 5 or higher in CHM300, or a 4 or higher in CHM500, 550, or 580. The department chair will
make final decisions about placement of students in BIO501 or BIO581.
Human Anatomy and Physiology

BIO582
(T2)
Includes an in-depth consideration of some of the major systems of the human body. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between
structure and function at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system levels. Not open to those who have completed BIO501, 502, and 503.
Prerequisite: BIO581 or permission of the instructor and the department chair.

Evolution and Ecology
BIO583
(T3)
Includes significant time in the laboratory or in the field. Sustainability and change are the central themes through which we will consider
evolution and ecology. Evolution is a major unifying theme in biology, and the mechanism of natural selection serves as a foundation for
examining ecosystems and relationships between populations, including humans. A short library research paper will be required. Not open to
those who have completed BIO501, 502, and 503.
Prerequisite: BIO581 or permission of the instructor and the department chair.
Molecular and Cellular Biology: Laboratory Research I

BIO600A
BIO600B
(T1, T2) TWO-TERM COMMITMENT
This elective is open to Seniors. BIO600 meets eight class periods (four double periods) a week, requiring extensive work both in and out of
the laboratory. As such, students enrolling in BIO600 may take a maximum of four additional courses. Six-course loads will not be awarded
to students enrolling in BIO600, unless the sixth course is a 900-level music course.
Students will learn laboratory techniques through work with model organisms and experimental systems such as bacteria, mammalian cell
culture, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Daphnia pulex. After learning a core of methodologies that are used in professional labs, students will
apply them to focused research projects, oftentimes performed in collaboration with professional scientists at other institutions. As they
develop their project proposals, students will spend a significant amount of time reading articles from scientific journals and learning to
craft well-designed experiments. Students will be asked to keep a lab journal and to write and present a scientific paper.
Note: It is strongly recommended that students interested in BIO600 attend one of the information sessions offered by Dr. Marshall-Walker
and Dr. Kemp during the spring scheduling period. Dates and times for these sessions will be listed on PAnet.
Prerequisite: Completion of one year of chemistry and one year of 500-level biology, with grades of 4 or above. Completion of, or concurrent
enrollment in, one year of 400 or 500-level physics. Completion of BIO600 with a grade of 4 or above is required for enrollment in BIO620.
Molecular and Cellular Biology: Laboratory Research II

BIO620
(T3)
Students may continue work from BIO600 in BIO620. BIO620 meets eight class periods (four double periods) a week, requiring extensive
work both in and out of the laboratory. As such, students enrolling in BIO620 may take a maximum of four additional courses. Six-course
loads will not be awarded to students enrolling in BIO620, unless the sixth course is a 900-level music course.
Students will complete their experimentation and analyze their data in preparation for presentation at an annual science symposium. Select
student work will be submitted for peer-review and potential publication in a scientific journal. Laboratory schedules will be determined on
a case-by-case basis; however, a student must be able to be in the lab for a minimum of eight hours per week at times when the instructor is
available for supervision.
Prerequisite: Completion of BIO600A and BIO600B.
Chemistry
The chemistry department offers two yearlong introductory courses in chemistry, each of which fulfills part of the diploma requirement for
a laboratory science. Placement in CHM250 and CHM300 series is generally based on concurrent mathematics placement. Students who
wish to take the Chemistry AP exam may prepare for it by taking CHM500, 550, or 580.
Introduction to Chemistry
CHM250A
CHM250B
CHM250C
An introduction to the chemical view of the material world, including atomic theory, atomic structure, chemical reactions, the nature of
solids, liquids, gases, and solutions, general equilibria, acid-base theories, electrochemistry, and aspects of nuclear chemistry. Emphasis is
placed on developing problem-solving skills as well as on making connections between chemical principles and everyday life. A college-
level text is used, but the pace of this course is adjusted to ensure that students have ample opportunity to ask questions. Laboratory work
is an integral part of the course. The syllabus is appropriate preparation for the College Board Subject Test. High honors work each term
adequately prepares a student for CHM580 series.
Corequisite: Registration in MTH210 or above.
NOTE: This course is NOT open to Juniors.

College Chemistry
CHM300A
CHM300B
CHM300C
This course is an introduction to the theoretical framework of modern chemistry, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, phase
changes, solutions, chemical reactions, thermodynamics, kinetics, general equilibria, acid-base equilibria, electrochemistry, and aspects of
inorganic and nuclear chemistry. Emphasis is placed on developing problem-solving skills and understanding the experimental basis of
theories. A college-level text is used. Laboratory work is an integral part of the course. The syllabus of this course is appropriate preparation
for the College Board Subject Test.
Corequisite: Registration in at least MTH320 or above, with the exception of those students enrolled in MTH280.
Prerequisite: Grade of 4 or above in previous term of mathematics and previous algebra course. Students not registered for MTH320 or above or
MTH280 but who have a 6 in their previous math class may enroll in CHM300A.
NOTE: Juniors who do not maintain an 85% average on the first two tests in CHM300A will be switched to BIO100A immediately.
Advanced Placement Chemistry

CHM500A
CHM500B
CHM500C
CHM500 adheres to the revised AP Chemistry syllabus adopted in the 2013–2014 school year. This course will focus on six “Big Ideas”
in chemistry: the atomic model; property/structure correlations; changes that happen in chemical reactions; rates of reactions; the laws
of thermodynamics; and the breaking and making of chemical bonds. Students who qualify for CHM550 or 580 must sign up for those
classes. Students not eligible for CHM550 or CHM580 who wish to take a second year of chemistry should sign up for this course after
taking physics.
Prerequisites: One year of chemistry (either CHM250 or CHM300) and one term of PHY400A.
Accelerated Advanced Chemistry

CHM550A
CHM550B
CHM550C
This course is not open to students who have taken CHM300 or its equivalent, or to Juniors, with the exception of those Juniors enrolled in
MTH650. This is a rigorous course that treats the topics addressed in College Chemistry in greater depth and prepares students for the AP
exam in chemistry. Laboratory work is an integral part of the course. The syllabus of this course is appropriate preparation for the College
Board Subject Test.
Prerequisite: Grade of 5 or above in each term of CHM250. Students with no previous chemistry who are in MTH380 or above may enroll in
this course. Students with no previous chemistry who are in MTH360 or below may enroll in this course only with permission from the department
chair.
Prerequisite: Grade of 5 or above in the previous mathematics course.
Advanced College Chemistry

CHM580A
CHM580B
CHM580C
CHM580 is a rigorous advanced second-year general chemistry course that thoroughly prepares students for the Advanced Placement exam-
ination, but also includes college-level topics beyond the AP syllabus. Students are expected to arrive in class having thoroughly reviewed
and mastered all the basic introductory material from CHM300. This allows more time and emphasis to be devoted to advanced topics,
patterns of chemical reactivity, and laboratory investigations. The instructor provides detailed readings to help students with the CHM300
review process. A highlight of CHM580 is the investigative laboratory program. Each week, students are presented with a problem to solve
in the lab. Given only a list of available equipment and a few guidelines, students must design an experiment and record all necessary obser-
vations and measurements to solve the problem.
Prerequisite: Grade of 6 in each term of CHM250 or a 5 or above in each term of CHM300.

Organic Chemistry
CHM610
CHM620
(T1, T2)
This course introduces many of the basic reactions and concepts students will encounter in their future studies of chemistry, biology, or
medicine. Rather than covering a large number of reactions, as might happen in a second-year (full year) college organic chemistry course,
this course emphasizes an understanding of general principles of reactivity and mechanism. The classroom work is supplemented by dem-
onstrations through which students learn some of the fundamental tools of this highly empirical science. In addition, each student gains
detailed knowledge of an area of active research related to organic chemistry. After selecting a topic of interest, each student prepares a paper
and a class seminar, using current scientific literature.
Prerequisite: Completion of either CHM500 with a 6 or above each term, CHM550 with a 5 or above each term, or completion of CHM580
with a 5 or above each term, or with permission from the department chair. CHM610 is a prerequisite for CHM620.
Interdisciplinary Science
Environmental Science: Global Climate Change

SCI410 (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT501GC)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Science or Interdisciplinary. Open to Seniors and to Uppers who have completed three-terms of laboratory science.
This course may be taken in addition to or independently of SCI420 and/or SCI430. This course prepares students to grasp the science
behind the politics. The course begins with an overview of climate science, including atmospheric composition, major biogeochemical
cycles, principles of energy conservation and flow, the greenhouse effect, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and natural climate variabil-
ity. We then investigate recent anthropogenic climate change, examining both causes and consequences. We will primarily consider impacts
on ecological systems, but also assess impacts on public health, economics, and global justice. The second half of the course will address the
response to global climate change by investigating mitigation strategies. Students will analyze current and potential future sources of energy,
both nonrenewable and renewable. Readings will include original scientific literature, nonfiction books and essays, text excerpts, and news
coverage. (Mr. MacKinson)
Environmental Science: Food, Agriculture, and the Future

SCI420 (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT501FA)
(T1)
This course may be taken in addition to or independently of SCI410 and/or SCI430. This course examines agriculture as a major driver of
global environmental change and public health trends. We will explore the demands placed on food production by population growth and a
dietary transition, the chemical origins and ecological impacts of fertilizer, and the implications of limited resources of water, land, and oil.
The course will integrate fundamental environmental principles of nutrient cycling and energy flow, provide an introduction to environ-
mental economics and policy, and examine how agriculture affects land use, climate change, and biodiversity. We will explore public health
impacts of agriculture including food safety, antibiotic resistance, and the rise of obesity and diabetes. Finally, we will consider the future
of agriculture and food. Readings will include original scientific literature, nonfiction books and essays, text excerpts, and news coverage.
Students should be prepared to undertake a term project. (Mr. MacKinson)
Water and Humanity

SCI430 (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT502WH)
(T2)
Water and Humanity examines the dynamic and tenuous relationship between water resources and human development. Exploring water
from a multidisciplinary, project-driven perspective, students will think critically about the central role water has played and must continue
to play in the viability and vitality of all civilizations, as well as the many challenges that people face in sustaining, protecting, and gaining
access to usable fresh water. Students will encounter diverse materials, use holistic approaches, and engage in innovative project planning to
consider, understand, and propose solutions to complex water issues. Using blended methodology involving online videoconferencing and
learning, face-to-face conversations and lessons, research and project development, this course will focus on the value of water and on the
issues that water scarcity presents within the contexts of such elements as religious belief and practice, the human-water relationship in fine
art and architecture, national and imperial infrastructure, and industrial development. Students also will think about the role of water in
their own local, regional, and global communities, while researching and proposing their own solutions to complex multidisciplinary water
issues. (Mr. MacKinson)

Love That Dirty Water: The Global Sanitation Challenge
SCI435
(T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. How often do you give thanks for your toilet? While many of us take this basic convenience for granted,
around the world 2.6 billion people lack access to any form of improved sanitation. The public and environmental health impacts would
be hard to overstate: water-related diseases kill three million people every year and surface waters around the world have been reduced to
sewage drains.
The first part of the course will focus on a basic understanding of epidemiology, sanitation’s vital link to human health, and the biology of
waterborne diseases. We will then investigate the root causes of current global sanitation challenges incorporating key demographic, finan-
cial, social, and political drivers. Students also will examine case studies to see how effective sanitation practices generate economic benefits,
protect the environment, and contribute to dignity and social development. Students will read articles, analyze documents, and write
weekly short essays—as well as a term research paper—to understand different approaches to improving access to and quality of sanitation.
(Mr. Mundra)
Dynamic Earth: Introduction to Earth System Science

SCI450
(T3)
This course provides an introduction to the Earth system by focusing on the intersection of the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and
atmosphere. We will explore the links between these systems by studying both current processes and events from the deep geological past.
Primarily project based, the course will involve components of fieldwork, lab work, computer-based exercises, and research/presentations.
Project topics could include air quality research, watershed chemistry/ecology, water-rock interaction as it relates to groundwater pollution,
and the biogeochemistry of forested ecosystems. (Mr. Wall)
Neurobiology of Learning, Memory, and Sleep

SCI465
(T1)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. Students will investigate the biological systems of learning, memory, and sleep in the human brain, first
through a cognitive neuropsychological lens and later with greater focus on the cellular neuroplasticity underlying memory consolida-
tion. Questions guiding the course include: How have we, as a species, evolved to learn? What are the biological purposes for the various
memories we carry forth, and how can we hack our own neural networks to become better learners? We’re vulnerable when we fall asleep, so
why do we do it at all? Specifically, why do we need sleep for our brains to function properly, and what are the actual biological costs of our
sleepless nights?
Students will complete a series of papers and projects, through which they will demonstrate both their understanding of, and ability to
share, practical learning strategies within the Andover community. A central goal for the course is the development of SCIENTIFIC
LEARNERS, informed regarding the neuroscience of learning, nimble in their experimentation with new learning approaches, and willing to
engage in the periodic personal reflection necessary to assess their ever-changing habits of mind. (Dr. Marshall-Walker)
This will most likely be added as an Interdisciplinary Course.
Human Origins (may be taken as a Science or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT510HO)
SCI470
(T1)
One credit assigned in Science or Interdisciplinary. Open to Uppers and Seniors. Take a look around. Regardless of where you are, the
consequence of three million years of human evolution is evident. This interdisciplinary science course uses insights drawn from history,
art, archaeology, and other disciplines to chart the human journey from hominid to the first civilizations that forecast the modern world.
Human Origins includes weekly field or laboratory work outside of the classroom; hands-on laboratory exercises emphasize use of Peabody
Museum of Archaeology collections and challenge students to apply ancient techniques to solve daily problems of survival. (Dr. Wheeler)

SCI476 (may be taken as a History, Science, or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT507NC)
(T2)

Physics
Introduction to Physics
PHY100A
PHY100B
PHY100C
(T1, T2, T3)
A yearlong laboratory science course exclusively for 9th-graders (Juniors) who enter the Academy in MTH100. Topical in nature, this course
explores phenomena ranging from the motion of objects under various conditions to the nature of electromagnetic radiation and the energy
balance of the earth. After understanding important aspects of our own planet, students turn their gaze skyward, using the observatory and
considering questions about space exploration and the physical conditions required for extraterrestrial life. While grounded in physics, the
course also ventures into interdisciplinary territory, laying the foundations for later work in the science curriculum. Through inquiry-based
laboratory exercises, students gain deeper insight into the nature of science generally and build quantitative skills that complement their
work in our math curriculum.
Introduction to Physics
PHY300A
PHY300B
PHY300C
(T1, T2, T3) (A THREE-TERM COMMITMENT)
This course is open to Lowers, Uppers, and Seniors. Its main purpose is to understand how scientists view the world by becoming scientists
ourselves. We will observe physical phenomena in the world around us and study them as scientific events. The course explores basic topics
in mechanics, electricity, and magnetism. Using these topics, students will learn about the scientific process and quantitative problem-solv-
ing. After completing this course, students are allowed to take PHY400 or PHY550 if they meet the math prerequisite. This course does not
provide an appropriate preparation for the College Board Subject Test in physics.
Corequisite: Registration in MTH210 or higher.
College Physics I
PHY400A
(T1)
This is the first term of non-calculus physics course, covering classical mechanics in Term 1. Laboratory work is an integral part of the
course. The yearlong syllabus for this course provides appropriate preparation for the College Board Subject Test in physics. Completion
of a chemistry sequence is not a pre-requisite for enrolling in PHY400A. However, for students who have completed a Chemistry sequence
prior to enrolling in Physics, those who have earned a 4 or better in CHM250, or have completed CHM300 or CHM550 should enroll in
PHY400A. Those who have completed CHM250 with less than a 3 should enroll in PHY300. Students who have previously completed
PHY300 can enroll in PHY400A.
Corequisite: Registration in at least MTH280 or MTH330 (or permission of the department chair if in MTH320 in Term 1).
College Physics II
PHY400B
PHY400C
(T2, T3) (A TWO-TERM COMMITMENT)
A continuation of PHY400A. The last two terms cover electricity, magnetism, wave motion, light, relativity, and atomic and nuclear
physics. Laboratory work is an integral part of the course. The year-long syllabus for this course provides appropriate preparation for the
College Board Subject Test in physics.
Prerequisite: Completion of Term 1 PHY400A.
Robotics
PHY420
(T1, T2, T3)
This course is open only to postgraduates in the fall and is open to all students in the winter and spring. Students wishing to take Robotics
for multiple terms may do so with the permission of the instructor. Students will create an independent robot capable of complex behavior
by the end of the term while exploring all the different aspects of robot design and how they come together in the creation of a robot,
including ethical and cultural elements surrounding the use of artificial intelligence. A hands-on, project-based course, students will use the
engineering process to engage in science-driven decision making, and review physical concepts involved in the design and construction of a
robot.

Astronomy
PHY440
(T1, T2, T3)
Astronomy is the scientific study of the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe and the objects in it. Topics may include patterns
and motions in the sky, gravity and orbits, telescopes and light, planetary systems, the birth and death of stars, galaxies, the Big Bang, the
search for extraterrestrial life, and the fate of the universe. This course uses 45-minute periods on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Fridays, and a
45-minute evening lab in the observatory on Tuesday nights during study hours.
Prerequisite: Completion of or concurrent enrollment in one chemistry or physics course, and registration in at least MTH340.
Astrobiology: Life Among the Stars

PHY445 (may be taken as a Physics or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT506AB)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Physics or Interdisciplinary. We invite you to embark on a journey to explore the field of astrobiology, the study
of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe, on and beyond planet Earth. We will begin our exploration by studying
the fundamentals of relevant sciences—physics, astronomy, chemistry, and biology—and will then apply these sciences to understand the
potential requirements and limitations of life on Earth as well as on other planets and moons in our solar system. As we learn about histori-
cal and current efforts to detect life on these bodies, we will consider objects resident in our own solar system, including Mars, the moons
of Jupiter, the moons of Saturn, and other solar system bodies such as Ceres and Pluto. Next, we will expand our view to include other
possible abodes of life outside of our solar system as discovered by modern astronomers and modern instrumentation (i.e., the Hubble and
Kepler space telescopes). Finally, we will examine the role of fictional alien biology on the human imagination through literature, film, and
music.
Electronics
PHY520
(T2)
A course in modern solid state electronics that considers passive circuit elements and their combinations, diodes, transistors, and integrated
circuits. There will be considerable laboratory work.
Prerequisite: Previous completion of or concurrent enrollment in PHY400 and completion of MTH360.
Astronomy Research
PHY530
(T1, T2, T3)
In this course students will spend extensive time in the Phillips Academy Observatory, where they will learn to operate the telescope, dome,
and CCD camera. Students will learn techniques for visual observing, astrophotography, and photometry. Students will engage in research
projects designed to provide an introduction to research techniques in astronomy. When appropriate, results will be submitted for publica-
tion. In addition to conducting ongoing research projects, the class will take time out to observe interesting current events (observing the
pass of a near-Earth asteroid, a recent supernova flare-up, a transit of the ISS across the moon, etc.). The class will meet four class periods a
week. In addition, students will be expected to spend several hours a week in the observatory. Given weather constraints in New England,
observing nights will vary.
Prerequisite: PHY440
Corequisite: Completion or concurrent enrollment in MTH510 or MTH570 or higher. Students may enroll in PHY530 for multiple terms;
scheduling preference will be given to students who are currently enrolled in PHY530. Students not meeting the prerequisite or corequisite may take
the course with the permission of the instructor.
Advanced Courses
Calculus-Based Physics
PHY550A
PHY550B
PHY550C
PHY550 prepares students for both Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism of the C level Advanced Placement examination, and
entrance to honors-level programs in physics at the university level. Calculus will be used as required. Open to students who (a) will be
enrolled in at least MTH590 or who have completed MTH575, and (b) have earned a 4 or higher in their two most recent terms of math.
PHY400 is also an option for these students.

Foundations of Modern Physics
PHY600
(T3)
Relativity and quantum mechanics are two theories that completely revolutionized our thinking about the universe. The course is a survey
of the basic ideas underlying these theories. Special mathematical techniques needed for a better understanding of the material are devel-
oped in the course.
Prerequisites: Concurrent enrollment in PHY550 or completion of PHY580, and enrollment in at least MTH590.
Fluid Mechanics
PHY630
(T1)
Students taking this course will learn about fluid statics and dynamics. Dimensional analysis and derivation of Bernoulli and Navier-Stokes
equations will provide the methods necessary for solving problems.
Prerequisite: Completion of MTH590 or -595, and PHY550 or -580.
Physics Seminar
PHY650
(T2)
The focus of this course is intermediate mechanics. Topics will vary according to the interests of the instructor and the students.
Prerequisite: Completion of MTH590 and Term 1 of PHY550 or PHY580.
The Root of It All: Plants in the Modern World

BIO430
Sense of Place
SCI405
Bioethics: Humanity in the Post-Genomic Era

SCI445
Physical Geology
PHY450
Field Experiments: Putting Good Intentions to the Test

SCI465
Darwin’s (R)Evolution
SCI475
Disease and Medicine in the United States: Pox and Pestilence

SCI480
HSS480
The Brain and You—A User’s Guide

SCI490

P H ILOS OP HY & RELIGIOUS STUDIES
The department seeks to initiate students into three distinctive human quests: the search for meaning, the search for justice, and the search
for the foundations of knowledge. The process of initiation is intended not only to provide an introduction to outstanding literature in the
field but also to assist the student in effecting a personal appropriation of the search and in developing the necessary skills for its pursuit.
Active class participation is an essential part of this process.
The department diploma requirement is successful completion of any one-term course; this requirement applies only to those who attend
Phillips Academy for three or four years. Four-year students fulfill their requirement in the lower year. Courses are offered at a variety of
levels. Most courses involve four class periods. Seniors require department chair permission to enroll in a 300-level course.
Asian Religions: An Introduction

PHR300
(T3)
Not open to Juniors. An introduction to religious studies through examining some of the traditions that originated and flourished in Asia
and are practiced by people throughout the world today. Using an approach that is both critical and empathetic, students will explore the
fundamental structures of belief, meaning, and practice that constitute the traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Chinese religion, the
diversity within each of these traditions, and their multiple manifestations throughout the world. In doing so, students also will explore
their own essential questions of meaning in dialogue with these traditions. Texts may include The Bhagavad Gita, The Dhammapada, and
the Tao Te Ching. 300-level courses are intended for Lowers, but are also open to Uppers.
Religions of the Book: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

PHR310
(T1, T2, T3)
Not open to Juniors. This course introduces students to the religious traditions that originated in the Middle East, flourished in and formed
the West, and are practiced by people throughout the world today. Using an approach that is both critical and empathetic, students will be
introduced to the origins and history of each tradition. They will become acquainted with the fundamental structures of belief and meaning
that shaped adherents’ lives, the rituals that formed and renewed them, and the social teachings that moved them to action. In doing so,
students will learn something about the character of each religious path and about the questions to which we all seek answers. 300-level
courses are intended for Lowers, but are also open to Uppers.
The Bible and Its Contexts

PHR330
(T2)
Not open to Juniors. While no text has been more influential in the shaping of Western culture than that of the Bible, the origins of this
text are surprisingly enigmatic. Due to the fact that the Bible is a composite text, it reflects a wide range of perspectives spanning thousands
of years. As such, the primary aim of this course will be to orient students toward the various religious, political, social, and cultural contexts
that shaped the formation of the biblical text. Who were the biblical authors? How did their biases shape what was (and wasn’t) included in
the Bible’s narrative? Is there only one God? Did God have a wife? Who was Mary Magdalene, and what was her role in early Christianity?
How does the biblical narrative continue to shape the manner in which we think today? This course assumes no prior understanding of or
engagement with the biblical text.
Introduction to Ethics
PHR340
(T1, T2, T3)
Not open to Juniors. Students in this discussion course will be introduced to a variety of approaches to ethical reflection. Through the use
of classical texts and personal and literary stories, students will develop a common vocabulary with which to understand and critically evalu-
ate their moral experience. 300-level courses are intended for Lowers, but are also open to Uppers.
Proof and Persuasion

PHR360
(T1, T2, T3)
Not open to Juniors. A practical introduction to informal logic and to the philosophical study of language. Some of the questions raised are
the following: What is the difference between a good argument and a poor one? What are the common fallacies of thought? What are the
limitations of logic? What is the meaning of “meaning” and the truth about “truth?” The course stresses the development of individual skill
in argument and includes a critical examination of the patterns of thought one encounters every day in magazines, in newspapers, and on
television. 300-level courses are intended for Lowers, but are also open to Uppers.

Views of Human Nature
PHR370
(T1, T2, T3)
Not open to Juniors. A critical examination of selected traditional and contemporary views of human nature with the following questions
in mind: Do we have a characteristic nature? What are our basic needs, purposes, rights, obligations, and values? To what extent are our
actions determined by heredity and instinct? Are we free? Are we responsible for our actions? Do the answers to any of these questions differ
for males and females? Given an understanding of human nature, how should we structure society to satisfy our needs and take advantage
of our potential? Class discussions and written exercises are designed to encourage participants to develop views of their own against a back-
ground of a basic understanding of the readings. 300-level courses are intended for Lowers, but are also open to Uppers.
Faith and Doubt

PHR380
(T1, T2)
How do human beings seek meaning? Are there shared responses to fundamental questions about God, identity, friendship, and our place
in the world? In what ways, if at all, are our responses shaped by race, gender, sexuality, and religious identity? This course will examine
narrative, philosophy, and film in its efforts to make sense of various human responses to these questions. Possible texts may include Night,
by Elie Wiesel; The Fire Next Time, by James Baldwin; Euthyphro, by Plato; The Color Purple, by Alice Walker; Descartes’ Meditations; and
the Bhagavad Gita.
Religion in America: One Nation, Under God(s)?

PHR410
(T1)
Four class periods. Open to Uppers and Seniors. In contemporary American public life, religion is everywhere, and the United States is
considered one of the most religious countries in the world. This course will examine the role of religion in American history and politics,
from colonial times to the present day. Questions to be addressed include: Is America a Christian country? What role did religion play in
the founding of America? Did the founding documents seek to create a separation of church and state? How were religious arguments used
to justify or challenge slavery? What are the causes of the rise of fundamentalism in the 20th century? What, looking forward, is America’s
religious identity in an increasingly diverse and pluralistic society?
Pilgrimage, Journey, and Quest

PHR415
(T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. The word pilgrim comes from the Latin peregrinus, meaning “foreign” and can be loosely defined as “one who
journeys in foreign lands.” Indeed, pilgrimage is a deeply cross-cultural phenomenon, not only appearing in a variety of religious traditions
such as Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism, but also in more “secular” venues, such as Disney World, Burning Man, and Washington D.C.
What exactly is pilgrimage then? Who goes on pilgrimage? What is pilgrimage supposed to do? To what extent is pilgrimage a physical
experience? An internal one? Texts may include A Sense of Direction by Gideon Lewis-Kraus, The Narrow Road to the Interior by Basho, and
The Autobiography of Malcolm X.
Responses to the Holocaust

PHR420
(T2)
Open to Uppers and Seniors, and to Lowers with permission of the instructor. An exploration of the Holocaust through diaries, memoirs,
films, works of fiction, and later nonfiction reflections on the phenomenon. Questions to be engaged will include the following: What was
it like for the victims? What was it like for the perpetrators? Who were the bystanders? How could it have happened? What elements from
Jewish, Christian, and secular tradition contributed to its possibility? What inspired and motivated resistance, and how were resistance
efforts sustained? How have various Jewish, Christian, and secular thinkers responded to the challenge of this event? What have been some
of its effects on our own feelings about life and human beings? Texts may include Night, Between Dignity and Despair, The Sunflower, Tales
of the Master Race, Ordinary Men, and The White Rose. Films may include Night and Fog, One Survivor Remembers, Weapons of the Spirit, and
America and the Holocaust.
Law and Morality

PHR430
(T1, T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors, and to Lowers with permission of the instructor. A critical examination of issues that arise out of the relation-
ship between law and morality. Questions of concern include the following: For what reasons, if any, should an individual obey or disobey the
laws of society? Which kinds of governments (monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, etc.), if any, are legitimate? To what degree should society
restrict the freedom of individuals through laws on matters like abortion, pornography, race, and sexual relations? Class discussions and writ-
ten exercises are designed to encourage participants to develop views of their own against a background of basic understanding of the readings.

Nonviolence and Social Change
PHR440
(T3)
What are the strengths and limits of nonviolent social movements? How have people who have sought to bring about change done so,
both in America and around the world? This course will explore responses to these questions by drawing upon resources from philosophy,
religious studies, and history. We will consider several case studies, including Gandhi’s India, the Civil Rights Movement in America, and
more recent events around the world, including Black Lives Matter and the rise of nationalism in America and abroad. We will look at
proponents and critics of movements for nonviolent social change and will also reflect on the question of what engaged citizenship looks
like in democracy today.
Religion, Literature, and the Arts: The Inferno

PHR450
(T2)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. Demons. Fire. Brimstone. The Hell of the modern imagination is one filled with devils and torture; yet, this
wasn’t always so. Indeed, we can credit much of our modern conception of Hell to one 14th-century Italian poet, whose epic poem about
the afterlife has proven to be one of the most enduring pieces of literature in the western tradition. Indeed Dante’s Inferno continues to
captivate audiences long after its publication in the early 1300s, resurfacing in art, literature, music, film, and present-day popular culture.
Who was Dante? And why do we continue to find his ideas about the afterlife so compelling? This course will explore the complex world of
the Divine Comedy, as well as the rich literary and artistic tradition spawned by the Italian poet’s ideas.
Ethics: Medicine
PHR460
(T1)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. Modern medical research and practice present society with new opportunities and significant challenges.
Students in this course will look at various case studies at the intersection of medicine, scientific research, health care, and ethics. Possible
case studies may include debates about abortion, euthanasia, animal rights, and broader environmental implications of scientific and mate-
rial progress in the 21st century. Classical and contemporary philosophers will be read as part of our investigation into these topics.
Feminist Philosophies
PHR480
(T2)
This course will address feminist moral and political theories. There is no singular ‘feminism’, and feminists disagree with each other on the
answers to many of those moral and political claims. We will survey a variety of feminisms, including liberal and radical feminisms, woman-
ism, and others. The course will also cover topics including sex and gender, the nature of oppression, intersectionality (including discussions
of race, disability, gender identity, and class), and sexual ethics. Special topics will be chosen by students for further focus, but could include
topics such as body shaming, trafficking, or understandings of masculinity.
Existentialism
PHR500
(T1)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. The term “existentialism” covers a broad range of attitudes and values joined together by an emphasis on
human existence. The authors brought together in its name share a characteristic concern for the problems of meaning, identity, freedom,
and choice that confront humans in everyday life. Class discussions and readings are designed to help us locate and express these problems
as they confront each of us in our own lives. This includes topics such as self-knowledge, self-deception, bad faith, subjectivity, rationality,
and value. Readings incorporate both literary and philosophical texts—classical and contemporary—that span across a range of thinkers
who share a concern for these problems. These may include works by Fyodor Dostoevsky, Sören Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul
Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and others.
Great Philosophical Questions: Ethics and Technology

PHR520
(T2, T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors. From the use of fire to written natural and computational languages to advances in agriculture, weaponry,
industry, science, medicine, communication, and artificial intelligence, human technologies have transformed our world. They also have
added new complexities to the challenge of answering fundamental philosophical questions such as: What can we know? How should we
act? For what can we hope? What is a human being? Seminar participants will explore a variety of answers offered by thinkers, past and
present, who can help us reflect well on the nature and worth of efforts to extend our understanding and our power through technology.

Advanced Topics in the Study of Religion
PHR530
(T2)
Global Buddhisms: Past, Present, and Future. Prince Siddhartha’s awakening gave rise to wide-ranging and diverse religious traditions that
spread throughout Asia and, in time, across the world. This course will explore some of the internal diversity of Buddhism by focusing on
specific historical moments and case studies. We will begin by looking at female nuns in ancient India, meditator-hermits in medieval Tibet,
and anti-Colonial activists in 19th- and 20th-century Southeast Asia. We will then turn our attention to the present day, where possible case
studies could include anti-Muslim Buddhist fundamentalism in Myanmar, the global popularity of the Dalai Lama, and the rise of mindful-
ness meditation in America.
Global Islams
PHR535
(T1, T3)
With nearly two billion adherents globally, Islam is one of the fastest growing religious traditions in the world today. Yet, with less than
1 percent of the U.S. population identifying as Muslim, it is also one of the most misunderstood. What is Islam? Where is it practiced?
What do Muslims believe? This course aims to introduce students to the vast internal complexities of the Islamic tradition through a
combination of primary and secondary sources in history, scripture, law, art, and popular culture. In addition to exploring the origins of the
tradition in the Middle East and its subsequent expansion, students will also examine a variety of contemporary issues, such as the rise of
Islamophobia in West; the role of gender, jihadist, and fundamentalist movements; and Muslim immigration in the United States.
Applied Logic
PHR405
Pilgrimage: Sacred and Secular

PHR415
Justice and Globalization

PHR510

P H YSICAL EDUCATION
All three- and four-year students are required to complete PHD200 by the end of the lower year.
Physical Education
PHD200
(T1, T2, T3)
For Lowers—PHD200 is designed to teach lifetime wellness. Emphasis is placed on self-improvement and personal challenges, and an
indoor ropes course provides students with an opportunity for challenge-based learning. Because PHD200 is a Pass/Fail course, effort is the
critical factor in determining a student’s performance. Each student is expected to participate fully in discussions, in the fitness center, in
the pool, and on the ropes course. In addition, the Department of Physical Education partners with the wellness team from the Sykes
Wellness Center to cover topics such as hygiene, healthy relationships, and drugs and alcohol; safe decision making and personal responsi-
bility are stressed.

PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology: An Introduction
PSY420
(T3)
Psychology informs our daily lives in innumerable ways. We make decisions based on what we believe to be true about ourselves and about
the world. But how do we arrive at these beliefs? How much are we influenced by the genes we’ve inherited, the ways we were raised, the
stories we’ve been told, the sociopolitical forces that surround us? For centuries great thinkers have researched and explained what makes
us who we are. In PSY420, we will explore some of the most compelling theories of human behavior, from unconscious mental conflicts
to mirror neurons. This one-term seminar course introduces areas of study within the broad field of psychology. Through reading, writing,
and class discussions, we will examine psychological research, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, psychological assessment,
and topics in neuroscience. In addition, students will research peer-reviewed journal articles and write a paper in American Psychological
Association (APA) format. Seniors only.

T HEATRE & DANCE
The Department of Theatre and Dance offers students diverse opportunities to develop skills in all aspects of performance and production.
Although the department houses two distinct disciplines, theatre and dance, they share a mutual goal: to guide students toward an under-
standing of performance as a form of communication and expression.
The theatre program is designed to educate students in the theory, design, and practice of dramatic expression. Our curriculum is grounded
in the study of drama through experiential learning. We produce four faculty-directed productions a year (one per term) through our
THD901 and THD920 courses. In addition to our academic courses, the theatre program boasts dynamic cocurricular opportunities
through DramaLabs, a series of student-directed one-act plays produced every Friday night in our theatre classroom.
Our dance program is comprised of academic, athletic, and extracurricular offerings. Three levels of ballet and modern technique are offered
through the athletic program, while choreography and performance opportunities are both curricular and cocurricular. The Andover Dance
Group is our primary performing ensemble, consisting of the most dedicated and gifted dancers. Other student-run groups include jazz,
hip-hop, and tap groups. To broaden the students’ exposure to the dance world, the department hires guest artists each year ranging from
local choreographers to residencies with internationally known choreographers and dancers.
Students are subject to the following visual and performing arts graduation requirement:
• Entering Juniors must earn no fewer than four credits in art, music, and theatre and dance. Students may fulfill two of these four credits
by completing any two academic theatre and dance courses.
• Entering Lowers must earn no fewer than three credits in art, music, and theatre and dance. Students may fulfill one of these three credits
by completing any academic theatre and dance course.
Acting I
THD210
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to Lowers and Juniors only, this course is designed for students with little or no acting experience. By doing exercises in movement
and voice production, reading, improvisation, and scenes, a student who is curious about the theatre may determine whether he or she has
ability or interest in acting while learning something of the process of characterization—the major responsibility of the actor. The emphasis
is on the variety of acting experiences rather than on a polished final product.
Introduction to Dance
THD211
(T2)
Introduction to Dance is designed for students who have never studied ballet or modern dance in depth and to be taken in conjunction with
dance as a sport. This course will investigate the underlying principles of these forms. Students will learn the historical beginnings and tech-
nical developments, along with the basic terminology and the fundamental building blocks of these disciplines. While this course will put
modern and ballet in a cultural context, the focus of the course will be dance technique and the marriage of skills with an understanding of
terms, kinesthetic principles, and aesthetic styles. (J. Wombwell)
Acting I
THD310
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors, this course is designed for students with little or no acting experience. By doing exercises in movement and
voice production, reading, improvisation, and scenes, a student who is curious about the theatre may determine whether he or she has abil-
ity or interest in acting while learning something of the process of characterization—the major responsibility of the actor. The emphasis is
on the variety of acting experiences rather than on a polished final product.
Lighting
THD320
(T1, T2, T3)
The course will introduce the student to the art of lighting design while also providing an opportunity to observe light in nature, art, stage,
screen, and created environments. The course will allow the individual to gain applied practical understanding regarding the color theory of
light, the psychology of color and light, and controllable qualities of light. The design process will be utilized as a method of dramatic inter-
pretation. Artistic expression will be achieved through practical use of lighting instruments, laboratory projects, experiments, and school
productions when applicable. (Mr. Murray)

Costuming
THD321
(T1, T2, T3)
An introductory exploration into the areas of costume design and costume construction, this course will highlight primary design elements
utilized in costume design for the stage and screen (i.e., line, color, tone, texture, movement, mood composition, balance, and focus). The
course will examine historical period silhouette and the art and craft of the stage costume. Practical experience will be given in areas includ-
ing construction, flat patterning, draping, and fabric manipulation. (Mr. Murray)
Scene Design
THD325
(T2)
This course will introduce the student to the elements that inform the scenic designer’s choices (the theme and mood of a script, lines of
action, focus, constraints, whimsy) and discuss methods of formulating cohesive, functional, and effective design for a show. The student
will be introduced to many materials and techniques available to a designer for realizing his or her ideas as a physical product. Special
attention will be paid to the process of the design concept: collaboration, formulation, presentation, discussion, evaluation, and reworking.
Students will be graded on both design projects and classroom participation. This is a seminar class that relies upon the open and frank
exchange of ideas to stimulate creativity. (Mr. Josef )
Theory and History

THD330
(T3)
Immigration and Theatre—This THD330 course will explore how U.S. immigration has evolved over time. Students will investigate the
intersection of American Theatre and immigration, grappling with questions such as: What it means to be an American? Who is a citizen?
What does citizenship mean? What are the benefits of citizenship? Students will also examine how the answers to the previous questions
change over time and are expressed on stage. (Mr. Grimm)
Directing
THD360
(T3) (NOT OPEN TO JUNIORS)
Since directing plays is the most complex of theatrical tasks, this course will focus on methods to unlock the life of a script in the realiza-
tion of production. Studies will include historic styles and productions, emphasizing their staging. Students will learn the dynamics of floor
plans and their effect on blocking, the potentials for lighting and its effect on mood, the importance of rhythm and spectacle, and strategies
to harness them. While no class on directing can function without including discussion of the actor’s craft, this class will only touch on this
area. (Mr. Grimm)
Choreographic Elements
THD365
(T3)
This course examines the aesthetic elements of movement through various dance styles. Students will be led through explorations and
formal exercises to learn how to generate and manipulate movement in clear and innovative fashions. Coursework will culminate in a final
presentation of original compositions. This class will provide an in-depth study of dance elements and choreographic tools, drawing upon
models set forth by Laban, Balanchine, Doris Humphrey, Judson Church, Mark Morris, and Rennie Harris, among others. Ultimately,
students will deepen their understanding of movement as a form of communication and expression. This course will require students to
rehearse on their own outside of class, as part of the standard four to five hours of homework per week. (Ms. Wombwell)
Prerequisite: Previous dance experience or permission of the instructor.
Stage Craft
THD380
(T3)
Open to Lowers and Juniors only. This is a practicum course in which students work on the technical elements for faculty-directed dance
and theatre productions being produced by the department in that term. Skills learned will depend on the requirements of the particular
show. Some lab hours to be arranged outside of class time. (Mr. Josef )
Musical Theatre
THD390 or MUS390 (may be taken as a Theatre, Music, or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT301MT)
One credit assigned in Theatre, Music, or Interdisciplinary. Open to any student (no prerequisites). Musical Theatre is an interdisciplinary
and experiential class that will explore both the history and performance elements of American Musical Theatre. Beginning with the 1920s
and culminating with present day, students will explore the historical context of a significant musical in a particular decade each week.
Students also will perform a number from that musical each week, challenging themselves in the discipline of performance. Over the course

of the term, students will gain knowledge of American history through the lens of the performing arts and gain experience in performing
in the three elements of musical theatre (song, dance, and spoken word). Public performances will occur throughout the term, including a
final project. (Dr. Siegfried)
Public Speaking
THD420
(T1, T2, T3)
Not open to Juniors. The course has a dual objective: to learn how to speak easily in front of others, and to learn how to construct a speech
and perform the speech in English. Students give prepared speeches on a variety of topics. (Mr. Heelan)
Acting II
THD510
(T1, T2)
By audition only. This course is designed for students with acting experience and a serious commitment to the art form. Students will build
on their existing skills through in-depth character work and scene study, pushing their understanding of themselves and acting by exploring
challenging scenes and exercises. Special emphasis will be placed on the performance of subtext, compositional texture, and character analy-
sis through verbal and nonverbal communication in a rigorous rehearsal setting.
Prerequisite: Previous completion of THD210 or completion of THD900-level course.
THD531 or ENG531AW (may be taken as a Theatre, English, or Interdisciplinary course;
official course number INT511AW)
(T1)
One credit assigned in Theatre, English, or Interdisciplinary. This course will use a selection of August Wilson’s plays to investigate how
the Aunt Ester plays in the Century Cycle in both a literary and theatrical way. This section will give students a glimpse into Wilson’s fic-
tionalized Pittsburgh and insights into a more historically accurate Pittsburgh and America, as well as the man as a playwright. Students will
look for connections between Pittsburgh and other American urban environments, examining how cities changed during the 20th century.
This course is open to Seniors; it may be taken by Uppers with permission from the department chair. (Mr. Grimm)
Andover Dance Group for Credit

THD900
(T3)
Not open to Juniors. The Andover Dance Group (ADG) is an auditioned performance group consisting of the most highly trained and
dedicated dancers at Phillips Academy. Students in ADG make a commitment to dance for at least two terms a year, rehearsing for faculty-
directed shows as an extracurricular. Students dance five to six days a week. Serious dancers may be in the ADG each of their years at the
Academy. After one year of performing with the ADG, students may choose to take a year for credit. In addition to rehearsals, students
taking ADG for credit will be required to take a weekly dance history seminar that relates the current ADG project to a specific time period,
movement, choreographer, or style in dance history. This seminar is a one-term commitment. Students may only take this option once, and
it will serve to fulfill a term of their arts requirement. The total time commitment for this group (classes, rehearsals, and seminar) may
exceed the standard nine hours per week. (Ms. Wombwell)
Corequisite: Students in Andover Dance Group are required to take dance as a sport.
Studio Production
THD910
(T3)
By audition only. This course is composed of the students’ performance of a faculty-directed play or musical in a workshop setting. This
show will be a part of the department’s season and can vary from contemporary to classical plays (including Shakespeare), and small-scale
musicals. Plays will be chosen with the intent to expand our ability as a department to present a wider array of the human experience.
Consideration will be given to World Language and bilingual works.
Play Production
THD920PP
THD920DP
THD920AP
(T1, T2, T3)
By audition only. This course is comprised of the performance of a faculty-directed, full-length production. All students are invited to
audition.

THD920PP, Play Production, Term 1—Welcome to Arroyos, by Kristoffer Diaz. Two Djs spin, remix, and tell the story of Alejandro
Arroyo’s new Lower East Side lounge and his sister Molly’s graffiti habit in this family comedy about music, community, and the love of
both. Auditions will take place during Opening of School and will be noted on the Opening of School Schedule. (Directed by Mr. Grimm)
THD920DP, Dance Production, Term 1—Nutcracker. Andover’s own enchanting holiday classic ballet. Auditions will take place during
Opening of School and will be noted on the Opening of School Schedule.
THD920PP, Play Production, Term 2—She Kills Monster, by Qui Nguyen. A surprisingly sweet tale of friendship, loss, and acceptance
that tells the story of Agnes Evans, a young woman grieving for her deceased sister. Auditions will take place during the advising period for
Term 2. (Directed by Mr. Grimm)
THD920MT, Musical Production, Term 3—Songs for a New World, by Jason Robert Brown. It’s about one moment. It’s about hitting the
wall and having to make a choice... or take a stand... or turn around and go back—these are the stories and characters of today, the Songs
for a New World. Auditions will take place during the advising period for Term 3. (Director TBA, music direction by Dr. Seigfried)
THD920PP, Play Production, Term 3—Hamlet. A tragedy written by William Shakespeare and set in Denmark, the play dramatizes the
revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet. Auditions will take place
during the advising period for Term 3. (Directed by Mr. Heelan)
900-Level Project-Based Courses

Enrollment is limited and by approval of the department. Students will apply methodologies learned in previous theatre courses to a term-
contained project. The focus of this project will be developed by the student(s) with faculty input, and approved by the theatre and dance
departments as part of our performance season. The total time required for this course may exceed the standard nine hours per week.
Advanced Practical Theatre Application

THD901
Each member of the class will assume a specific role: lead actor, director, stage manager, and playwright. All students are expected to work
collaboratively through the creative process. Rehearsal schedules will be determined on a case-by-case basis. This course will culminate in a
performance scheduled in conjunction with the department. See introductory notes to 900-level performance-based courses. Only students
who have taken Directing (THD360) will be eligible to direct a THD901 project.
Prerequisite: Permission from the department.
Advanced Studies in Dance Performance

THD902
Students will assume a specific role as choreographer or dancer. Rehearsal schedules will be determined on a case-by-case basis. Students will
actively engage in the creative process through identifying a creative problem, researching supportive material, and assessing and revising
their work. Students will collaborate with lighting designers as well as other designers/performers as determined. The course will culminate
in a performance scheduled in conjunction with the department. See introductory notes to 900-level performance-based courses.
Prerequisites: THD365 or THD370, and project approval from the department.
Advanced Studies in Technical Theatre Production

THD903
The exact focus of the project will be developed by the student with faculty input, and approved by the theatre department. Examples
include designing and creating a set of costumes for a dance show or creating a sound design for a THD920 production. Students will be
expected to work collaboratively with the director and other designers of the show. The course will culminate in execution of their design in
a performance scheduled by the department. See introductory notes to 900-level performance-based courses.
Prerequisites: THD320, 321, or 326, and project approval from the department.

Sound in the Theatre

THD326
Performance Art: The Creative Self

THD370
Play Writing
ENG507PW
August Wilson’s View of 1900–1940s: His Pittsburgh, Our America

THD531 or ENG531AW
August Wilson’s View of the Second Half of the 20th Century

THD532 or ENG532AW
Choreography II
THD565

WORLD LANGUAGES
Andover’s requirement of at least three high school years of an ancient or modern language rests on the firm belief that direct acquaintance,
through language, with the culture and people of other lands is a psychological and intellectual resource of inestimable value for each indi-
vidual, for every country, and for our common world.
The diploma requirement is usually satisfied by successful completion, in one language, of three terms at the 300 level. To encourage
students to consider studying a language that may not have been available to them prior to coming to Andover, the Division of World
Languages also will allow students, by petition, to fulfill the requirement by successfully completing at Phillips Academy a total of three
levels in two different languages, as long as at least one is a “less commonly taught” language (Chinese, German, Ancient Greek, Japanese,
or Russian). This alternative, the 2+1 path, must be done by successfully completing at least one full year in each language.
Placement of new students in all languages will be based on a provisional placement test, on the questionnaires sent to them and their cur-
rent language teachers in the spring, and, when appropriate, on a personal interview with the head of World Languages. Credit for language
proficiency from previous experience must be validated through at least one course at Phillips Academy. Details regarding various options
and the diploma requirement as applicable to incoming Uppers and Seniors who begin a new language at Andover are available through the
Registrar’s Office.
Each of our languages, ancient and modern, may be started appropriately by students of any grade. Most Andover students continue their
language study beyond the third year, and some add a second or even a third language to their program.
In the case of modern languages, the world language is the language of the classroom. In conversation, in reading, and in writing, the goal
is direct communication in the world language rather than communication through translation. At all levels of instruction, attention is
focused both on language skills and on the literature, history, and various art forms of the people whose languages are being studied.
Chinese
Standard Chinese (a.k.a. Mandarin) boasts the largest number of native speakers of any language in the world and is learned in school by
all Chinese people regardless of local dialect. In addition to its burgeoning economy, China is also known for its rich history and culture,
and the knowledge of Chinese can open doors to a wide variety of opportunities. Because Chinese words are tonal (varied in pitch) and
uninflected (unmodified due to person, tense, number, gender, etc.), and because the script consists of characters rather than an alphabet,
the study of Chinese offers a unique learning experience.75 Return to Table of Contents
All Chinese courses develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills (using the simplified script). Intermediate and advanced levels
introduce and develop the reading and writing of Chinese using computers. Opportunities are available for students to participate in the
five-week study/travel program in China and an academic year program, both run by School Year Abroad (SYA) in Beijing, China.
First-Level Chinese
CHI100A
CHI100B
CHI100C
(T1)
This course is designed for those students who have had little or no previous world language experience. It provides an introduction to
spoken and written Chinese, with an emphasis on pronunciation, the Pinyin Romanization system, and the building blocks (radicals) of
Chinese characters.
First-Level Chinese
CHI110
This course is designed for those students who have had previous experience in Chinese, but who are not sufficiently prepared for the
second-level course. It provides a review of the Pinyin Romanization system and the building blocks (radicals) of Chinese characters, and
emphasizes tonal accuracy.
First-Level Chinese
CHI110A
CHI110B
This course, a continuation of CHI100 and CHI110 First-Level Chinese, prepares students for CHI200 the following year.

Accelerated Chinese Sequence
CHI120A
CHI120B
(T2, T3)
Students will be recommended by the teacher for this accelerated course at the end of the first term of CHI100 or CHI110. This course
moves at a fast pace, and students are expected to do much independent learning outside of class. Successful completion of CHI120 allows
students to advance to CHI220. The CHI100, 110, 220, 320 sequence covers three years of Chinese in two years.
Second-Level Chinese
CHI200A
CHI200B
CHI200C
This course continues to emphasize proficiency in everyday situations. Students enlarge their inventory of words and phrases while also
developing a deeper understanding of the essential features of Chinese grammar.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHI110 or equivalent.

CHI220
(T1)
CHI220 follows CHI120 and precedes CHI320 as part of an accelerated sequence. Because of the fast pace, each student’s progress will be
closely monitored during Term 1 to see whether it is in his or her best interest to rejoin CHI200 for the remainder of the year or to continue
the accelerated sequence in CHI320 in Term 2 and Term 3. The course focuses on building oral and written proficiency on daily topics with
student-centered activities. Texts, supplementary readings, and audio and video materials are used to provide a rich and complete learning
experience.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHI120.
Third-Level Chinese
CHI300A
CHI300B
CHI300C
This course provides more emphasis on reading and writing. Students are introduced to longer texts, covering such topics as family life,
social issues, and aspects of Chinese culture.

CHI320A
CHI320B
(T2, T3)
This third-level course follows CHI220 and continues the accelerated sequence of “three years in two” started in CHI120. The course
moves at a fast pace and expects students to do thorough preparation and review independently outside of class. Much of the class time is
devoted to oral proficiency development on concrete topics that are related to high school student lives and their perspectives. All students
are expected to participate actively in class at the individual, small group, and whole class levels. Written proficiency is equally important
for this course. Students are expected to practice and improve writing through various tasks, including essay and other types of written
assignments.
Prerequisite: Permission of the department chair.
Fourth-Level Chinese
CHI400A
CHI400B
CHI400C
Increased use of authentic materials is employed as more sophisticated aspects of language and culture are explored. In particular, students
are exposed to the more formal written style of Chinese, which is prevalent in newspapers, on street signs, etc.

CHI420A
CHI420B
CHI420C
The course is designed for intermediate learners who have acquired basic Chinese cultural knowledge and feel comfortable engaging in
further exploration of this topic. In addition to continued language acquisition through listening, speaking, reading, and writing, students
also will become familiar with Chinese literature, history, and current events.
Advanced Chinese Sequence

CHI520A
CHI520B
CHI520C
This intensive course is designed in accordance with the College Board guidelines to prepare students for the AP exam in Chinese. Students
refine their communicative abilities in the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational modes while deepening their understanding of
Chinese history and contemporary society.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHI420 or permission of the department chair.
Advanced Topics in Chinese

CHI621
CHI622
CHI623 (may be taken as a Chinese or Interdisciplinary course INT516CH)
(T1, T2, T3)
This advanced yearlong course will have three term-based focuses. Throughout the year, students will be consistently immersed in authentic
materials in order to gain an understanding of the constantly developing, changing landscape of modern Chinese society, including that of
its overseas communities. Language acquisition is the main goal of this course, yet the integration of a variety of arts forms aims to develop
critical thinking and empathy.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHI500 or CHI520, or permission of the department chair.
CHI621, Term 1—Screening Contemporary China: Chinese Language, Culture, and Society through Films. The goal of this course is to
immerse students in authentic language and culture through Chinese films as a way to understand aspects of Chinese national and cultural
identity. It is hoped that the course not only will help students cultivate a greater command of language over analysis and theorization of
Chinese cinema, but also will help facilitate students’ understanding of Chinese cinema and culture in the context of globalization.
CHI622, Term 2—Modern Chinese Theater. During this course, students will read, study, and perform an original Chinese play,
Thunderstorm (Lei Yu), by iconic 20th-century Chinese playwright Cao Yu.
CHI623, Term 3—Chinatowns and the Asian American Immigrant Experience. One credit assigned in Chinese or Interdisciplinary.
The goal for the course is for students, regardless of whether or not they are of Chinese descent, to gain a deepened understanding of the
experience and the effects of Asian immigration into Northern California and beyond, through bilingual literature, archives, and film clips.
As part of the coursework, students will self-reflect on the meaning of racial and cultural identity, especially against the histories of the Asian
American experience. This term-based course is also experiential and will culminate in a class trip to the Bay Area or New York City.
Courses for Advanced Heritage Learners
Introduction to Chinese Literature

CHI440A
CHI440B
CHI440C
(T1, T2, T3)
This course is an introduction to Chinese literature designed for ninth- and tenth-graders with near-native fluency in spoken Chinese and
a high level of familiarity with Chinese culture. Terms 1 and 2 offer an overview of the historical timeline and major themes of Chinese
literature and an introduction to China’s most representative literary works, from classical poetry to modern and contemporary writings.
In Term 3, students will examine representative literary selections from various time periods in Chinese history. By analyzing and discussing
readings in their historical context, students will also improve critical thinking and independent reading skills.
Prerequisite: Permission of the department chair.

Intermediate Reading in Modern Chinese
CHI541
CHI542
CHI543
(T1, T2, T3)
In this course, students read, analyze, and discuss three famous Chinese novels: To Live by Hua Yu, We Three by Jiang Yang (Term 1),
San Ti by Liu Cixin (Term 2), and Fortress Besieged by Qian Zhongshu (Term 3). In class discussions about the content, historical setting,
and writing techniques used, students will explore and interpret the literal, philosophical, and cultural significance of these three books.
By learning words and expressions in the authentic context of the writings, they will also gain an appreciation for the historical and cultural
value of Chinese literature.
Prerequisite: Completion of CHI440 or permission of the department chair.
Modern China and Chinese Literature for Advanced Heritage Learners

CHI641
CHI642
CHI643
CLASSICS
Greek
Through the study of Greek, the Department of Classics offers students a direct entry into Greek literature. The Greek alphabet is easily
mastered in the first few class meetings, and students quickly discover that the poetic and expressive qualities of Greek language and litera-
ture stimulate the imagination and illuminate the early political and intellectual development of the Mediterranean basin.
ESA Beginning Attic Greek

CLA150A
CLA150B
Beginning Attic Greek is a collaborative online class that employs both synchronous and asynchronous Web tools in teaching and learn-
ing. This course will not only introduce the vocabulary, forms, and syntax of Attic Greek, but also the thoughts, feelings, and actions that
characterized Greek culture. When we say “Attic Greek,” we mean the Greek of Periclean Athens when the civilization was at its apex.
We will use a mixture of online modules to provide grammatical and syntactical lessons along with textbook work to supply grammatical
practice and readings in authentic Greek. Additionally, we will be using a suite of Web-enhanced tools and applications to connect students
at different ESA peer institutions in their endeavor to learn Attic Greek together. The course will feature project-based and collaborative
assessments, using both translation and composition. Students will submit weekly work for assessment and self-evaluation to chart their
own progress. There also will be some self-directed research projects, which will allow students to explore individual interests. This course
is offered by the Eight Schools Association and is taught by an instructor from Phillips Academy. ESA students may take the course for the
first term or for the full year.
ESA Beginning Attic Greek

CLA250
A continuation of CLA150. Successful completion prepares students for CLA400.
Accelerated Greek Sequence

CLA400A
CLA400B
CLA400C
This course introduces students directly to the classical Greek of Periclean Athens through a series of readings that present not only the
vocabulary, forms, and syntax of the language, but also the thoughts, feelings, and actions that characterized Greek culture. Though prelimi-
nary selections are necessarily simplified, within the first year students are reading excerpts in their original form from the Greek master-
pieces, always with the purpose of understanding the spirit of the people who produced them.
Prerequisite: CLA250 or corequisite: LAT300.

Etymology
CLA410
(T2, T3)
Open to Uppers and Seniors or by permission of the department chair. English has an immense vocabulary (far larger than that of any
other language), over half of which is based on Latin and Greek roots. The words of this Greco-Roman inheritance are best understood
not simply as stones in the vast wall of English, but rather as living organisms with a head, body, and feet (prefix, main root, and suffix),
creatures with grandparents, siblings, cousins, foreign relatives, life histories, and personalities of their own; some work for doctors and
lawyers, others for columnists, crusaders, and captains of commerce. Systematic study of a few hundred roots opens the door to understand-
ing the meanings and connotations of tens of thousands of words in English, the language now rapidly emerging as the most adaptable for
international and intercultural communication.
The Art of Persuasion

CLA420
(T1)
This course is open only to Seniors. Since well before the rise of rhetoric as a discipline, the art of persuasion has been a powerful tool for
those who are skilled in its use. In this writing-based course, students will examine the use of language (and images) by people whose goals,
livelihoods, or even lives depended upon persuading others. From logographers in the courtrooms of fifth century BCE Athens to present-
day politicians, lawyers, advertisers, and confidence players, people who can wield language have immense power over those unaware of its
subliminal influence. This course is at the same time traditionally academic (we will begin with the study of Aristotle) and also immediately
practicable (we will end by critiquing modern media strategies).
Greek: Homer and Classical Authors

CLA500A
CLA500B
CLA500C
CLA500 is the department’s offering for students to read, at an advanced level, seminal texts from the corpus of Greek literature. Students
have the opportunity to read, in the original Greek, selected works of Homer, Lysias, Euripides, Herodotus, or Plato. Authors will be chosen
by the instructor in consultation with the students in the class. As always, we will pay attention to points of grammar and syntax, but will
also endeavor to connect the literature to the contemporary Greek culture at the time and, perhaps more importantly, to our own.
Prerequisite: CLA400
The Epic Tradition

CLA551 (may be taken as a Classics or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT523ET)
(T1)
One credit assigned in Classics or Interdisciplinary. Every Epic needs its hero. But what else does it require? A journey, an antagonist,
a purpose? In this course, we will examine the tradition of Epic poetry and literature, looking at the conventions and traditions it has
instilled into our modern consciousness. This project-based course will draw from texts, ancient and modern, oral and written, literary
and cinematic. Although not required, students with experience in Latin or Greek may continue working with ancient texts in the original
language. This course is open to all seniors or with permission from the Classics Department chair.
Women in Antiquity
CLA552 (may be taken as a Classics or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT524WA)
(T2)
One credit assigned in Classics or Interdisciplinary. The literary woman in antiquity and the actual woman in antiquity are rather differ-
ent concepts. In classical literature, we can find numerous examples of powerful, erudite, and accomplished women; however, in classical
history, these examples are few. In this course, we will look at this variance and try to determine how it came to be, especially in societies
whose own deities were often female. We will pay close attention to literary figures such as Helen, Andromache, Medea, Lysistrata, Lucretia,
Lesbia, and Dido, and we will examine the life of the actual woman in the classical world in order to see how her experience compares with
her literary counterpart. Although not required, students with experience in Latin or Greek may continue working with ancient texts in the
original language. This course is open to all Seniors or with permission from the Classics Department chair.
Ancient Theatre
CLA553 (may be taken as a Classics or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT525AT)
(T3)
One credit assigned in Classics or Interdisciplinary. Ancient theatre produced two enduring genres, tragedy and comedy, which remain
with us today. We will explore the cultural history surrounding these two genres, from Greek festivals to Roman novels, and how they have
filtered down to us in modernity. Looking at modern corollaries and adaptations will be an important component of this course as we try to
identify the threads that connect these ancient dramatic arts to our modern experience. Although not required, students with experience in
Latin or Greek may continue working with ancient texts in the original language. This class is open to all Seniors or with permission from
the Classics Department chair.

Latin
The Department of Classics offers students a direct entry into the traditional Latin literary curriculum while at the same time providing stu-
dents with an opportunity to develop a more sophisticated historical and international perspective. Whenever possible, traditional language
study is supplemented with readings in English that address both ancient and modern cultural concerns.
First-Level Latin
LTN100A
LTN100B
LTN100C
The purpose of the course is to teach students the basic features of the Latin language and of Roman culture in relation to other cultures,
e.g., family life and societal relationships, slavery, travel, sports, life in the big city, entertainment, and education. Students learn the
traditional forms and syntax. All six tenses, indicative and passive, are covered, as well as all five declensions of nouns, three declensions of
adjectives, and the standard pronouns. There is extensive practice in recognizing endings of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs, as well
as case uses and normal Latin sentence structures, with the goal of mastering basic techniques of accurate translation and comprehension of
Latin sentences and stories.
First- and Second-Level Latin, Intensive

LTN150A
LTN150B
LTN150C
This course covers in one year the essential elements of LTN100 and LTN200.
Second-Level Latin
LTN200A
LTN200B
LTN200C
During Term 1, the linguistic and cultural approach of LTN100 is continued as the class reviews and completes the basic grammar (includ-
ing participles, subjunctives, and indirect statements) and reads about other aspects of Roman life. In Term 2 and Term 3, students read
selections from Caesar, Livy, and Ovid.
Third-Level Latin: Livy, Catullus, Cicero, Vergil

LTN300A
LTN300B
LTN300C
Students begin Term 1 with a thorough review of the Latin language in conjunction with correlated reading passages. In the latter half of
Term 1, students read selections from Livy or Cicero. In Term 2, students read the lyric love poetry of Catullus and selections from Cicero’s
speech, Pro Caelio, defending one of Catullus’s former friends against charges brought by the woman to whom Catullus wrote his most
famous poems. In Term 3, students read selections from Book II of Vergil’s Aeneid, the story of the Trojan Horse and the destruction of
Troy, a heroic backdrop for very human struggles of duty and loyalty among women and men, parents and children, leaders and followers,
humans and their gods.
Advanced Courses
Vergil/Caesar
LTN520A
LTN520B
LTN520C
Students read the entire Aeneid in English and substantial selections of Books I, II, IV, and VI in Latin, examining Vergil’s literary form
and technique, as well as the philosophical and political dimensions of his age. Students then turn to Latin prose, reading selections from
Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War. Cicero himself called Caesar the most eloquent of all Romans. His Latin, pure and unadorned,
provides an excellent balance to Vergil’s tragic style.
Prerequisite: A grade of 5 or higher in LTN300 or permission of the department.

Advanced Latin Authors
LTN601
LTN602
LTN603
(T1, T2, T3)
This is primarily a literature course that explores works in the original Latin.
LTN601, Term 1—Students read Lyric Poetry, beginning with Catullus and continuing with Horace after the midterm. Although their life-
times overlapped, Catullus flourished during the time of Julius Caesar and the crumbling Roman Republic, whereas Horace wrote his Odes
after civil war had established the reign of Augustus, the first emperor of Rome. Beyond appreciating the magnificent and still resonant ars
of these two famous poets, students will compare the differences in their styles, personae, and philosophies, and discuss how these reflect
not just each artist’s poetic voice, but the contemporary political regime as well.
LTN602, Term 2—Students focus on Ancient Rhetoric, beginning with an examination of Platonic vs. Aristotelian ideals of rhetoric,
and continuing with a more detailed study of Ciceronian precepts of oratory. While translation and discussion of selections from Cicero’s
speeches, essays, and letters are the focus of this term’s scholarship, students also make connections with modern examples of persuasive
technique in the form of advertisements, popular songs, and political speeches.
LTN603, Term 3—While students in LTN601 have some choice about the authors and readings for Term 3, they will begin with several
selections from Ovid’s Metamorphoses.
Prerequisite: The prerequisite for any term of LTN601 is a 5 or above in LTN520. An additional prerequisite for LTN603 is a 5 or above in
LTN601 or LTN602.
French
French is a world language spoken on five continents and in many international organizations, such as the United Nations, UNESCO, and
NATO. It is an official language of more than 30 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Guinea, Haiti, Senegal, and Switzerland. L’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie has 56 member states. While France is
the most visited country in the world and famous for many reasons—including its cultural heritage, beauty, food, and art of living—the
importance of French extends far beyond France.
The French Department offers courses at six different levels, from beginning through Advanced Placement and beyond to courses for fluent
speakers. At all levels, classes are conducted entirely in French, and in all courses French is taught in cultural contexts. The first two years
emphasize basic language structures; the third serves as a transition to advanced courses that offer in-depth study of the literature and civi-
lization of France and other French-speaking areas, especially those in Africa and North America. Each year, the Academy enrolls French-
speaking students from abroad who provide important firsthand contact with Francophone cultures. Students may spend a full academic
year or a summer in Rennes through the School Year Abroad program. Information on this and other off-campus opportunities can be
obtained from the Department of World Languages.
First-Level French
FRE100A
FRE100B
FRE100C
This course is designed for those students who have had little or no previous world language experience and those who are not sufficiently
prepared for the second level course. The course emphasizes the skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the cultural context of
the Francophone world. Assignments are regularly required in the Language Learning Center.
Second-Level French
FRE200A
FRE200B
FRE200C
For students who have completed FRE100, or for new students who qualify through a placement test. Students practice the idiomatic
expressions that are most useful in everyday situations. While continuing to develop aural-oral skills, this course involves reading nontechni-
cal French prose and writing simple compositions.
Third-Level French
FRE300A
FRE300B
FRE300C
This yearlong course develops listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through a review of grammar and the study of French films
and francophone texts. Articles from magazines and newspapers, online resources, and poems and recitations complement this core pro-
gram. (Text: Le Petit Nicolas, Sempé and Goscinny; Séquences, Bissière)

Advanced Courses
Inquiry-Based Approaches to the Francophone World

FRE401
FRE402
FRE403
(T1, T2, T3)
This course is intended for students who understand, read, and write French well and already speak at a competent level, but would like to
develop further conversational skills and acquire the vocabulary and idiomatic expression necessary to be able to discuss major cultural and
social issues. Students will use literary texts, film, TV programming, and journalism to provide a basis on which to discuss and understand
issues in the francophone world. An inquiry-based learning approach will guide this course each term as students plan and complete a variety
of individual and group projects designed to inform themselves, their classmates, and the broader community about the francophone world.
Prerequisite: Completion of FRE300.
Crossing Cultures and Blurring Boundaries

FRE411
FRE412
FRE413
(T1, T2, T3)
In this contemporary literature-based course, students will consider the idea of difference and belonging, in both cultural and social
contexts. During the year students will read novels, short stories, and articles from the media, and watch films, documentaries, and short
clips pertaining to our theme. The class will discuss what it is like to be an immigrant as well as the question of inclusivity and the search
for identity in the face of perceived difference of any kind. There also will be an ongoing review of French grammar, and students will
write regular papers, creative texts, and journal entries. Texts include L’Etranger (Albert Camus), La Petite Fille de Monsieur Linh (Philippe
Claudel), La Réveuse d’Ostende (Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt), and L’Elégance du Hérisson (Muriel Barbéry). Films include La Bataille d’Alger
(Gilio Pontecorvo), Inch´Allah Dimanche (Yamina Benguigui), La Graine et le Mulet (Abellatif Kechiche), Welcome (Philippe Lioret), Samba
(Olivier Nakache et Eric Toledano), and Le Hérisson (Mona Achache).
French Civilization, Literature, and Cinema

FRE520A
FRE520B
FRE520C
Open to students who have completed three terms of fourth-level French and to qualified new students. Students explore works of litera-
ture, films, and current events to develop their critical-thinking skills and understand the cultural and social contexts of the French-speaking
world. The course also includes instruction in language skills and in the methodology of expository writing in French. Students usually take
the Advanced Placement French Language exam.
The works studied have included texts such as Cyrano de Bergerac, Rostand; Candide, Voltaire; Béni ou le Paradis Privé, Bégag; Paul et
Virginie, Bernardin de Saint Pierre; and Mercure, Nothomb; and films such as Le Grand Bleu, Besson; Les 400 Coups, Truffaut; Le Goût des
Autres, Jaoui; Moi, Tituba, Sorcierè, Maryse Conde; and Mètisse Blanche, Kim Lefèvre. These works may vary depending on instructor.
Advanced Topics in French

FRE621
FRE622
FRE623
(T1, T2, T3)
FRE621, Term 1—Louisiana Acadiana. This course explores the complex history of Louisiana (how it came to be, how it enriched the
United States linguistically, artistically, culturally and contributed immensely to its multifaceted diversity, and how it actually increased its
physical size following the Purchase of Louisiana). The course is a combination of language, literature excerpts, music, and cinema. The
course also examines the roots and the making of Cajun and Zydeco Music of Louisiana by renowned artists such as Lee Benoît, Hadley
Castille, Boozoo Chavis, Zachary Richard, Clifton Chewier, and the BeauSoleil musical group, among others. The culinary culture of
Louisiana (such as Gumbo, Crawfish étouffée, Jambalaya, and Boudin balls) is also explored. Important landmarks, symbols, and festivi-
ties related to the identity of the people of Louisiana (the symbolism of the flag of Acadiana, the Bayous, the Marshes, the Atchafalaya,
and the Mississippi River, French Quarter, Mardi Gras, Myrtles Plantations, Saint Louis Cemetery, etc.) are highlighted. The people who
make Louisiana Acadiana so distinct is the unique American story, and those who speak what is popularly known as Louisiana French
are at the center of the course. They include the Native American Nations of Houma, Biloxi, Tunica, Choctaw and Chitimacha, Cajuns,
Acadians, Spanish, French, Blacks, Africans, Haitians, and French Creoles. The link between Francophone Canada (Quebec, Nova Scotia,

Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island, etc.) and Louisiana is also highlighted in exploring the preservation of the language as well as the
intertwined culture(s) of Acadiana and its diaspora.
FRE622, Term 2—Translation and Interpreting. Do you trust what you read in translation? Should you? What can Google Translate
do and not do? Can you do it better? Find out in this advanced seminar course that will lead you from the critical comparison of several
translations of the same text to the theory and methodology of translation to doing your own translations from English to French (Version)
and French to English (Thème). Learn how to judge translations as well as produce them professionally with reliable tools. Translate a wide
variety of texts, such as news articles, literature, U.N. speeches, user’s manuals, and popular songs. Become an official TED translator for
your term project as you create and publish subtitles in translation for a TED Talk of your choice on the TED translator’s interface Amara.
In the process, we will review French grammar in depth and study contemporary idioms. At the end of the term, you will be ready to try
the ultimate challenge of consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. Translation and interpreting are eye-opening practices as well as prom-
ising career options. Come try them out!
FRE623, Term 3—French Philosophers and Current Events. In this seminar conducted entirely in French, you will connect the works of
renowned French philosophers Descartes, Pascal, Voltaire, Rousseau, Foucault, Sartre, De Beauvoir, and Derrida, among others, to contem-
porary issues such as social justice, the science of genetics, or social media. We will use an actual philosophy textbook used in French high
schools, paired with relevant news articles you will find. You will link the concepts and news reports in discussions and mediated debates,
and then craft argumentative essays in French around each theme we tackle. You will produce short speeches designed to convince an audi-
ence of a theory discussed in class. You will be encouraged to find your voice in French, express yourself, and explore your own values to
become an informed global citizen and critical thinker.
German
The German Department offers courses at six different levels, from beginning through Advanced Placement and beyond. At all levels,
current events, film, songs, poetry, and theatre enhance the study of grammar, reading, writing, listening, and speaking. During the school
year, there is a weekly “language table” in the dining hall where students can practice listening and speaking skills. Beginners through native
speakers are welcome to pull up a chair! No prior world language experience is necessary to begin the study of German; many students
discover that learning German enhances their comprehension of English grammar.
Study abroad opportunities facilitated by the German Department include a three-week homestay program offered by the American
Association of Teachers of German and the Tang Institute’s Berlin Week (a Learning in the World program) in June, as well as the Congress
Bundestag Gap Year program.
First-Level German
GER100A
GER100B
GER100C
A yearlong elementary course in speaking, reading, writing, listening comprehension, and culture. No previous experience in German or
any other world language is needed to enroll in this course. GER100 offers significant daily structure and support in order to facilitate suc-
cessful language learning. Current text: Deutsch Aktuell 1, 7th edition, digital version supplemented by digital exercises, contemporary films,
songs, and adapted short stories.
Accelerated First-Level German

GER150A
GER150B
Open to students who have completed Term 1 of GER100 with distinction and who have been recommended by their instructor. Superior
work in this course enables students to enter GER250 the following fall, followed by GER300A in Term 2 and INT300 in Term 3, thereby
completing three years of the study of German in two years. An accelerated course in grammar, speaking, listening comprehension, reading,
and culture. Current texts: Deutsch Aktuell 1, 7th edition, digital version; supplemented by video, digital exercises, contemporary films,
poems, songs, and adapted short stories.

Second-Level German
GER200A
GER200B
GER200C
Open to students who have successfully completed GER100 or its equivalent. The study of basic grammar, conversation, and reading skills
is continued along with the introduction of theme writing. Current text: Deutsch Aktuell 1, 7th edition, digital version; supplemented by
digital exercises, contemporary films, songs, and adapted short stories.
Accelerated Second-Level German

GER250
(T1)
Open to students with strong language-learning skills who have completed GER150 or its equivalent with distinction. This accelerated
course develops the language skills in speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and writing. Greater emphasis on classroom discussion
as well as short essay writing is introduced. Current texts: Vater und Sohn, by E.O. Plauen. Successful completion of this course qualifies
students to enter GER300B in Term 2.
Third-Level German
GER300A
GER300B
INT300 (may be taken as a German or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT300)
One credit assigned in German or Interdisciplinary.
GER300A, Term 1—Open to students who have successfully completed GER200 or its equivalent. This course continues to develop
language skills in speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and writing. Greater emphasis on classroom discussion as well as short
essay writing is introduced. Current text: Vater und Sohn, by E.O. Plauen. This is the first course in the yearlong sequence of GER300A,
GER300B, INT300.
GER300B, Term 2—Open to students who have successfully completed GER300A or GER250 or its equivalent. The emphasis this term
is on vocabulary building, reading, and more advanced grammar (introduction of relative clauses, the subjunctive and the passive). Current
text: The novel Emil und die Detektive, by Kästner.
INT300, Term 3—Berlin: From Imperial Capital to Weltstadt. One credit assigned in either German or Interdisciplinary. This course is
open to students who have successfully completed GER300B. Term 3 is designed to combine the study of the German language with the study
of German culture and history. The language classes will focus on the integration of immigrant youth in today’s Berlin. The course materials,
a 2010 documentary titled Neukölln-Unlimited, related newspaper articles, and music selections will provide students with the grammar and
vocabulary that will enrich their understanding of the city’s transformation from an imperial capital to a multicultural world city.
The history classes will be taught in English and use Berlin as a lens through which to study some of the most transformative moments in
German history: the unification in 1871, the First World War, the Weimar Republic, the rise of fascism and the Second World War, the
post-war division of Germany, and finally the reunification of a divided Germany from 1989 to 1990. Readings will combine historical nar-
rative with cultural studies of the art and architecture that form the Berlin landscape in order to understand how the city on the Spree was
shaped by shifts in the nature of German national identity. Successful completion of this course satisfies the diploma requirement in German.
Fourth-Level German
GER401
GER402
GER403
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to students who have successfully completed GER300 or its equivalent. This course is ideal for students who are looking to review the
first three years of grammar as well as broaden vocabulary and improve conversational skills.
GER401, Term 1—Grammar; Biedermann und die Brandstifter by Frisch
GER402, Term 2—Grammar, short stories, concrete poetry, film
GER403, Term 3—Film, current events, Goethe’s poem Erlkönig
Prerequisite: GER300 or permission of the department chair.
Advanced Fourth-Level German

GER520
(T1)
The first term of a yearlong sequence, this course is open to students who have successfully completed GER300 or its equivalent and whose
grammar skills are solid. A guideline is that students should have received an honors grade of 5 or 6 in GER300. Vocabulary expansion,

increased oral fluency through daily classroom discussion, and written accuracy through paragraph writing and rewriting are central to this
course. Selective review of advanced grammar topics is incorporated as needed.
Texts: Biedermann und die Brandstifter by Frisch
Advanced Fourth-Level German

GER520A
GER520B
This course is a continuation of GER520 with increased emphasis on oral proficiency through both informal classroom discussions as well
as formal oral assessments. Students continue to review advanced grammar as needed, while being exposed to a wider variety of German
works in the original.
GER520A, Term 2—Grammar, short stories, concrete poetry, film
GER520B, Term 3—Film, current events, AP preparation, and Goethe’s poem Erlkönig
Advanced Topics in German

GER601
GER602
GER603
(T1, T2, T3)
Open to students who have successfully completed three terms of fourth-level German or GER520, or their equivalent, this course varies with
the needs of the class. It is usually a seminar in the reading and discussion of German novels and plays. The syllabus is on a two-year rotation.
This allows students to take the course two years in a row.
Materials for 2017–2018: Die Physiker (Dürrenmatt), Das Versprechen (Dürrenmatt), short stories (Kafka), current events, and film. Offered
only if there is sufficient enrollment.
Greek—see Classics
Japanese
First-Level Japanese
JPN100A
JPN100B
JPN100C
Open to all students. Seniors may take the course, but in situations of high enrollment, priority will be given to younger students to fulfill
language requirement. Students will learn to express themselves in a variety of conversational situations and to read and write hiragana,
katakana, and about 15 kanji, or Chinese characters. Classroom instruction will be based on Adventures in Japanese, Book 1, and its cor-
responding workbook. Students will learn not only the basic grammatical structures but also important elements of Japanese culture.
Second-Level Japanese
JPN200A
JPN200B
JPN200C
Open to students who have successfully completed first-level Japanese or its equivalent. A continuation of JPN100, the instruction will be based
on Adventures in Japanese, Book 2, and its workbook. In this course there is an increased emphasis on grammar and an additional 150 kanji.
Third-Level Japanese
JPN300A
JPN300B
JPN300C
Open to students who have successfully completed second-level Japanese or its equivalent. Instruction is given based on Adventures in
Japanese, Book 3, and its workbook. Emphasis is placed on more conversational practice using the previously learned grammar and more

advanced new grammar. Additional emphasis is placed on a significant increase in kanji characters. Students are expected to learn an addi-
tional 150 kanji by the end of the course.
Fourth-Level Japanese
JPN400A
JPN400B
JPN400C
Open to students who have successfully completed third-level Japanese or its equivalent. Using the advanced textbook of Adventures in
Japanese, Book 4, and its workbook, students will learn to express themselves more creatively and to communicate with status-appropriate
word usage. Students will learn an additional 150 kanji by the end of the course. Emphasis is placed on more advanced Japanese culture and
understanding Japanese history and values. Projects include interviews, research, and the final papers.
Japanese Language and Culture

JPN520A
JPN520B
JPN520C
This course is designed to be comparable to college/university Japanese courses where students complete approximately 300 hours of
college-level classroom instruction. Like corresponding college courses, this course supports students as they develop the productive, recep-
tive, and cultural skills necessary to communicate with native speakers of Japanese. Students’ proficiency levels at the end of the course
are expected to reach the intermediate-low to intermediate-mid range, as described in the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign
Languages (ACTFL) Proficiency Guidelines. Offered only if there is sufficient enrollment.
Advanced Japanese
JPN601
JPN602
JPN603
(T1, T2, T3)
Advanced Japanese is offered upon approval of the department chair.
Latin—see Classics
Russian
With the demise of the Soviet Union and resulting rapid expansion in East-West activity, the ability to communicate in Russian and knowl-
edge of Russian culture have lost none of their importance. At the beginning of the 21st century, there are more contacts now with Russia
and countries of the former Soviet Union than ever before. Not only are American business, science, and technology clamoring for Russian
speakers to work in and with the new Russia, but Russian remains the lingua franca in all the former Soviet republics, making it extremely
important now for national security reasons as well.
No prior world language experience is necessary to begin the study of Russian and students begin Russian coming from all sorts of back-
grounds—some having studied another world language, others not. Before studying Russian, many consider it strange and difficult, but its
alphabet and vocabulary have the same sources as English, and it follows many of the same principles of grammar. Continuous oral, visual,
and instructional use quickly make Russian familiar and enjoyable.
The Russian department offers a five-year course of study. This well-established program ensures confident progress in speaking, aural com-
prehension, reading, and writing. Elementary courses use a unique digital textbook to strengthen grammar skills and improve vocabulary
learning. At the upper levels, students continue to use iPads for reading in Russian with built-in dictionaries. Video is used throughout to
improve understanding of culture as well as language. Students who have had success in another world language or who have some prior
experience with Russian are encouraged to consider taking RUS150 after the first term of RUS100A. It is the policy of the Division of
World Languages to use the target language exclusively in the classroom. Students enrolled in all Russian courses are required to have an
iPad in lieu of textbooks or workbooks throughout their Andover Russian career.
First-Level Contemporary Russian

RUS100A
RUS100B
RUS100C
A yearlong elementary course in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Texts: all-digital textbook (for the iPad—see note in introduction)
developed by the department for exclusive use at PA; reference materials.

A Short Course in Beginning Russian
RUS130
(T3)
A term-contained introduction to speaking, reading, and writing Russian, using conversational text materials, this course enables students
to feel comfortable with the somewhat different features of a Slavic language. It also gives a sound foundation for continuing courses in
Russian language, history, and literature, whether at Andover or in college.
Accelerated First-Level Russian

RUS150A
RUS150B
Open to students who have completed RUS100A with distinction and who have been recommended by their instructor. Superior work
in this course enables students to enter RUS250 to begin the second year, followed by RUS300B and RUS300C subsequent, thereby com-
pleting three years of Russian language in two years. An accelerated course in grammar, speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and
culture. Texts: the same as those of RUS100 and RUS200.
Second-Level Contemporary Russian

RUS200A
RUS200B
RUS200C
Completion of the elementary course with continued emphasis on active use. Texts: all-digital textbook developed by the department for
exclusive use at Phillips Academy; reference materials.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of RUS100.
Accelerated Second-Level Russian

RUS250
(T1)
Open to students with strong learning skills who have completed RUS150 or its equivalent with distinction. This accelerated course
completes the work of RUS200 with the addition of intensive grammar review and writing. Successful completion of this course qualifies
students to enter RUS300B. Texts: the same as those of RUS200 and RUS300A.
Third-Level Russian
RUS300A
RUS300B
RUS300C
Students will improve conversation and composition skills through work with selected 19th- and 20th-century short stories and with video
materials. A review of problematic areas of grammar is integrated into the course. Work with video and audio materials constitutes an
important component of the course.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of RUS200 or RUS250.
Fourth-Level Russian
RUS401
RUS402
RUS403
(T1, T2, T3)
Expanded work in conversation, listening comprehension, and composition. Extensive use of videos as a source of culture and for conversa-
tion and understanding daily speech. Texts will become less modified as the year progresses.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of RUS300.
Advanced Fourth-Level Russian

RUS520A
RUS520B
RUS520C
The core materials of the course are similar to those used in Fourth-Level Russian. The work will be more in depth than the 400 course.
Prerequisite: Honors grades in RUS300 or permission of the department chair.

Advanced Topics in Russian
RUS601
RUS602
RUS603
(T1, T2, T3)
A central goal of this course is to provide students with an overview of the major themes and developments in the last two centuries of
Russian literature and history. Students will be expected to integrate this knowledge into the base they have acquired in their previous
Russian study. The third term works with a historical docudrama of the Stalinist period in the Soviet State.
Prerequisite: Successful completion of RUS403 or RUS520.
Spanish
The Department of Spanish offers a six-year course of study. Students learn to understand, speak, read, and write the language, and also are
given a comprehensive introduction to the literature and culture of Spain and Latin America. To enhance a student’s language experience,
the opportunity to study in Madrid, Spain, is offered through the INESLE program; the opportunity to study in Zaragoza, Spain, is offered
through the School Year Abroad (SYA) program. Information is available through the Tang Institute, learning in the world programs.
First-Level Spanish
SPA100A
SPA100B
SPA100C
This course is designed for language learners who enter at the Novice Low category according to ACFTL standards and, over the course
of the year, will prepare learners to reach the Novice High to Intermediate Low status. This course emphasizes interpersonal, presentational,
interpretive, and intercultural modes of communication evenly and makes use of authentic sources of input and rigorous forms of output.
All class work is conducted in Spanish.
Second-Level Spanish
SPA200A
SPA200B
SPA200C
This course is designed for language learners who enter at the Novice High category according to ACFTL standards and, over the course
of the year, will prepare learners to reach Intermediate Mid status.This course emphasizes interpersonal, presentational, interpretive, and
intercultural modes of communication evenly and makes use of authentic sources of input and rigorous forms of output. All class work is
conducted in Spanish.
Third-Level Spanish
SPA300A
SPA300B
SPA300C
SPA300 is a course for students who have completed SPA200 or have been otherwise placed at this level in Spanish by demonstrating an
intermediate-mid level of proficiency, as described by the ACTFL proficiency scale.
Term 1—Students read authentic texts from a variety of genres: poetry, songs, short stories, a short play, newspaper opinion articles, and
cartoons, essays, and interviews. Created by prestigious authors, all of them are thematically connected around the notions of self, otherness,
identity, equity, social inclusion and exclusion. All the grammar notions and communicative functions presented are closely intertwined
with the texts.
Term 2—Students read authentic texts from a variety of genres: poetry, songs, short stories, newspaper opinion articles, and reports. All of
them have a common topic: children’s rights. As in Term 1, all the linguistic input is derived from or connected with the texts.
Term 3—Students read the Chronicle of a Death Foretold, written by Nobel Laureate Gabriel García Márquez. As they become acquainted
with one of the most beloved Latin American writers, students have the opportunity to explore for the first time a long, complex literary
text in Spanish. This reading also allows for a discussion of some cultural and social issues pertaining to Latin American reality.

Advanced Courses
Current Events and Multimedia: Approaches to the Hispanic World

SPA401
SPA402
SPA403
(T1, T2, T3)
SPA401, Term 1—Spain. Students will refine speaking, writing, and listening skills in Spanish as well as their ability to express current
issues through a cultural context. This course will use literary texts, film, TV program series, and journalism to provide a basis on which to
discuss and understand issues of modern Spain from the post-Franco era to the present. The course will begin a comprehensive review of
basic to advanced grammar structures for students thinking about taking the various national Spanish exams. Class requirements include
essays, tests, oral class presentations, and recordings. Daily class participation is essential.
SPA402, Term 2—Mexico. Students will refine their speaking, writing, and listening skills in Spanish as well as their ability to express cur-
rent issues through a cultural context. This course will use literary texts, film, and art to provide a basis on which to discuss and understand
the historical facts that shaped Mexico from the Mexican Revolution to the present. The study of grammar will concentrate on the more
challenging structures for English speakers, continuing the grammar review started in Term 1 SPA401. Daily class participation is essential.
SPA403, Term 3—Hispanic Caribbean. Students will refine their speaking and writing skills through the analysis of poetry and short
stories of select Caribbean authors. This course will use Caribbean poetry, short stories, film, music, and journalism to provide a basis on
which to discuss and analyze current and historical issues of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. In addition, the course will
complete the review of basic to advanced grammar structures started in Term 1 and Term 2. Class requirements include essays and oral class
presentations. Daily class participation is essential.
Introduction to Hispanic Literature

SPA411
SPA412
SPA413
(T1, T2, T3)
Each term the class aims to develop language skills through reading, discussion, oral presentations, and regular writing assignments centered
around major writers and texts of the contemporary Hispanic world. This course also emphasizes some of the finer Spanish grammar points
and idiomatic expressions.
SPA411, Term 1—Students will be exposed to short stories by contemporary Latin American and Spanish authors as varied as Carlos
Fuentes, J.L. Borges, Gabriel García Márquez, among others.
SPA412, Term 2—In this term, the focus is on Spanish and Spanish American drama and contemporary Hispanic poetry.
SPA413, Term 3—A Hispanic novel will be read in its entirety. Recent texts include Cien Años de Soledad (García Márquez), La Casa de los
Espíritus (Allende), Don Quijote, Part I (Cervantes), and Arráncame la Vida (Mastretta).
Advanced Spanish Language Colloquium

SPA501
(NOT OFFERED IN 2018-2019)
This advanced, intensive language course is designed for students of Spanish who have completed their language requirement and seek an
immersion experience. Students will continue to sharpen their linguistic competencies in speaking, listening, writing, and reading, and will
explore an assortment of authentic media in doing so. These sources will reflect the diversity of registers heard throughout the Spanish-
speaking world and will expose students to a wide range of cultural, social, and historical phenomena. Students will have many opportuni-
ties to synthesize and analyze these topics through various communicative modes (interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational) in class
discussions and written work, in oral/aural exercises, and in presentations delivered to their peers and broader audiences. Students will
complete a research project and participate in a colloquium with the greater Spanish-speaking community. Students who take this course
will be prepared to take the AP Spanish Language Exam in May. Materials will include a variety of media from the Spanish-speaking world.
Prerequisites: Completion of SPA401, 411, or 521. Students with fewer than three terms of prerequisite courses should seek approval from
department chair.
Immersion in Lawrence, The Immigrant City

SPA502 (may be taken as a Spanish or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT527LA)
One credit assigned in Spanish or Interdisciplinary. (Tuesday, periods 3 and 4; Thursday, periods 3, 3e, 4, 4e). Lawrence, Massachusetts,
has a long history of immigration, beginning during the Industrial Revolution with the Irish and Italians and continuing into the pres-
ent with an influx of world cultures, predominantly from Caribbean and other Spanish-speaking American nations. For all intents and
purposes, modern Lawrence is a Hispanic city, and our involvement there amounts to nothing less than an immersion in the language and
culture of an entire hemisphere. This course exposes students to the culturally rich and vibrant “Immigrant City” and helps them under-
stand, through firsthand accounts from members of the Lawrence community, the realities of living in a bicultural, bilingual world. Texts
will include popular fiction, prose, journalism, and other media in Spanish. Students write a weekly journal and collaborate with a Spanish
class from Lawrence High School on community partnerships and projects.
Prerequisites: Either completion of SPA401, 402, 403, 411, 412, 413, or 501 or native/heritage Spanish-speaking background, with
instructor’s permission.
Community Engagement in the City of Lawrence: We, the People
SPA503
(Tuesday, periods 3 and 4; Thursday, periods 3 and 3e). Students will continue to immerse themselves in the Immigrant City, moving from
the theoretical in Term 2’s SPA502 (Immersion in Lawrence, The Immigrant City) to the practical in this Term 3 course. In conjunction with
Lawrence High School, Lawrence Community Works, and Lawrence History Center, students engage in documenting firsthand accounts
of life in Lawrence through an ambitious oral history project. Availing themselves of sophisticated digital tools—thanks to a grant from the
Abbot Academy Association—students broaden their own perspectives of Hispanic life in the United States, while also leaving a “legacy” of
cooperation and mutual respect to tie together the Lawrence and Andover communities.
Prerequisite: Limited enrollment: Preference is given to students who take SPA502 in Term 2, though students with considerable experience in
Lawrence (i.e., on the level of Community Engagement coordinators) may seek departmental approval. Readings and a weekly journal are required
in addition to the final project.
Understanding Latin America

SPA521
SPA522
SPA523
(T1, T2, T3)
This course is an introduction to the reality of present-day Latin America through the study of its popular culture. The subject is
approached from a diachronic perspective starting in the 20th century, which entails reviewing some of the major historical events, but
the spotlight is on those aspects of everyday life that play a role in shaping the values of a community or contribute to creating a sense of
identity: language, religious beliefs, traditions, social movements, sports, and cultural production (music, cinema, and television; literature
and visual arts).
From a linguistic point of view, students will continue to work on the four skills: reading (texts of various genres), writing (expository
writing), speaking (oral presentations and daily conversation practice), and listening (in class and at home—they need to watch a popular
telenovela or soap opera).
Prerequisites: Completion of SPA401, 402, 403, 411, 412, 413, or 501. Students with fewer than three terms of prerequisite courses should seek
approval from department chair.
“Our Americas”: Crossing Borders

SPA621 (may be taken as a Spanish or Interdisciplinary course; official course number is INT528CB1)
(T1, T2, T3)
One credit assigned each term in Spanish or Interdisciplinary. In this post-Advanced course, students will investigate how Latin America
as a region is negotiating the challenges of globalization and border crossing by concentrating on three main areas: the United States’
relationship with Latin America, the transatlantic correlation between Latin America and Spain, and the transnational cultural experience
of Latinos in the U.S. Students will acquire a basic knowledge of key periods, perspectives, and concepts particular to different disciplines
(history, literature, economics, anthropology, art, and political science, among others) and go on to examine a series of issues central not
only to Latin Americans, but to “people from the Americas.” The class will have a hands-on multidisciplinary experience by having guest
lecturers, by utilizing the resources of the Addison Gallery of American Art and the Peabody Museum, and by organizing possible trips to
local museums and/or theatres.
SPA621, Term 1—Students will study the increasingly strong relationship between Latin America and the United States through trade,
immigration, cultural influences, and economic, political, and historical movements. Students will answer the question: What presence and
influence has the United States had in Latin America in both the 20th and 21st centuries?
SPA622, Term 2—In the last series of the Americas, we will concentrate on the current cultural and demographic transformation that the
United States is experiencing due to the increasing numbers of immigrants from Latin America (thus the name “Latino”) coming to this
country. We will study how Latin American peoples, wherever their point of departure or destination, have had to negotiate from within
this transnational cultural experience in the United States. We will learn the different U.S. legal processes that migrants go through in
order to enter the country, and we will analyze concepts of identity, bilingualism, migration, diaspora, crossing borders, sense of home and
belonging, and otherness. This course is open only to students who have completed a year of Spanish at the SPA501, 521, or 522 level,
or by permission of the department chair.
SPA623, Term 3—We will concentrate on the transatlantic relationship between Spain and Latin America through economic and migra-
tory movements both ways. During the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, both regions have experienced an exchange of migratory movements
that have shaped the national culture of the recipient countries. Through a variety of cultural products (literary texts, essays, newspapers,
blog entries, music, art, films, etc.), we will study the different aspects of the migratory experience—as a celebratory manner, but also as a
source of abuse and alienation.
Prerequisites: Completion of SPA501, 502, 503, 511, 512, 513, or native/heritage Spanish-speaking background, with department chair’s
permission. Students with fewer than three terms of prerequisite courses should seek approval from the department chair.

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OFFICE OF THE DEAN OF STUDIES

180 Main Street

201 Return to Table of Contents

General Information....................................................... 2 Philosophy & Religious Studies.................................. 68

Planning a Program of Study........................................ 4 Physical Education....................................................... 72

Classical Studies (see World Languages)................... 82 Theatre & Dance........................................................... 74

Dance (see Theatre & Dance)...................................... 74 World Languages.......................................................... 79

Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science........... 46 German.................................................................... 87

1 Return to Table of Contents

The Educational Program

2 Return to Table of Contents

4-year student 3-year student 2-year student 1-year student

Math Completion of Completion of Completion of Placement at 500-level

Philosophy & 1 term (10th grade unless 1 term None None

3 Return to Table of Contents

History HSS100A and HSS100B (2 terms)

History HSS201 (1 term)

Mathematics Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms typically)

Physical Education PHD200 (1 term)

Science Usually one 3-term lab science

World Language Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms)

Mathematics Continue the sequence (3 terms typically)

Phil/Rel Studies A 300-level course in philosophy and religious studies (1 term)

Physical Education PHD200 (1 term)

Science One 3-term lab science

World Language Continue the sequence (3 terms)

4 Return to Table of Contents

Mathematics Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms, typically)

World Language Enter the sequence by placement of the department (3 terms)

Mathematics Continue the sequence (3 terms, typically)

World Language Continue the sequence (3 terms, typically)

5 Return to Table of Contents

Key to Course Designations

6 Return to Table of Contents

Visual Studies for Juniors

7 Return to Table of Contents

Drawing I: Methods and Materials

Painting I: Paint, Palette, and Process

Printmaking: Beyond the Matrix

Sculpture: Clay, Plaster, Welded Wire, and Japanese Papermaking

8 Return to Table of Contents

Digital Photography I: Appreciating Light, Color, and Time

Design for Living: Innovate and Fabricate

Weaving: When the Paleolithic Meets the Digital Age

Special topics in Video: Dance on Camera

9 Return to Table of Contents

The Artist: Media and Meaning

Visual Culture: Curating the Addison Collection

Photographic Truths and Fictions

Art and Mathematics

10 Return to Table of Contents

What Is America? What Is American Art?

11 Return to Table of Contents

Drawing II: Further Explorations

Painting II: Inside-Outside

Film Photography: Exploring 19th- and 20th-Century Photographic Praxis

12 Return to Table of Contents

Photography II: The Advanced Photographic Portfolio

Design for Living II