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    12-01 Slope Monitoring Methods

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    jayuna1609
    This document discusses slope monitoring techniques including displacement monitoring devices, strain monitoring devices, and pore-pressure measurements. It provides details on specific instruments like total stations, GPS, extensometers, inclinometers, piezometers, and geophones. It also discusses techniques for interpreting monitoring data including the inverse velocity method, which can be used to predict slope failures by analyzing displacement rates over time. Case studies demonstrate how these monitoring and interpretation methods were applied at various mine and dam sites.

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    12-01 Slope Monitoring Methods

    Uploaded by

    jayuna1609
    255 views15 pages
    This document discusses slope monitoring techniques including displacement monitoring devices, strain monitoring devices, and pore-pressure measurements. It provides details on specific instruments like total stations, GPS, extensometers, inclinometers, piezometers, and geophones. It also discusses techniques for interpreting monitoring data including the inverse velocity method, which can be used to predict slope failures by analyzing displacement rates over time. Case studies demonstrate how these monitoring and interpretation methods were applied at various mine and dam sites.

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    This document discusses slope monitoring techniques including displacement monitoring devices, strain monitoring devices, and pore-pressure measurements. It provides details on specific instruments like total stations, GPS, extensometers, inclinometers, piezometers, and geophones. It also discusses techniques for interpreting monitoring data including the inverse velocity method, which can be used to predict slope failures by analyzing displacement rates over time. Case studies demonstrate how these monitoring and interpretation methods were applied at various mine and dam sites.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    255 views15 pages

    12-01 Slope Monitoring Methods

    Uploaded by

    jayuna1609
    This document discusses slope monitoring techniques including displacement monitoring devices, strain monitoring devices, and pore-pressure measurements. It provides details on specific instruments like total stations, GPS, extensometers, inclinometers, piezometers, and geophones. It also discusses techniques for interpreting monitoring data including the inverse velocity method, which can be used to predict slope failures by analyzing displacement rates over time. Case studies demonstrate how these monitoring and interpretation methods were applied at various mine and dam sites.

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    Grasberg, 2003

    Slope Monitoring

    Types of slope instruments


    Displacement monitoring devices Precise surveys Differential global positioning systems (DGPS) Space-borne and terrestrial SAR Interferometry Strain monitoring devices Surface extensometers Borehole extensometers Borehole inclinometers Tiltmeters Time domain reflectometry (TDR) Pore-pressure measurements Piezometers and monitoring wells Tensiometers TDR moisture gauges Microseismicity Geophones

    Displacement monitoring
    1) Total Station: Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) + Theodolite

    2) DGPS Differential Global Positioning System: Base station+measuring stations

    Target prism

    Britannia Mine, B.C. Disturbed Area

    PR #104 PR #100 PR #102

    PR #104

    PR #100 PR #102

    East Block

    East Block, failure model


    1400 1350
    100 Tension cracks

    1300 ELEVATION (m) 1250 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 0 50 100

    102

    300,000 m3

    Toppling (schematic)

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    400

    Monitoring
    Jane Basin Slope
    0.30 PR100 0.25 PR101 PR102 0.20 25-Nov-92 Delta Total Movement (m) 0.15 20-Jul-92 26-Jul-02 30-Aug-04 05-Aug-93 PR103 PR104

    0.10

    0.05 06-Jan-92 0.00

    04-Jan-95

    -0.05

    -0.10

    -0.15 Jan-92

    Jan-93

    Jan-94

    Jan-95

    Jan-96

    Jan-97

    Jan-98

    Jan-99 Date

    Jan-00

    Jan-01

    Jan-02

    Jan-03

    Jan-04

    Jan-05

    Jan-06

    Coal Mine Waste Dumps

    Wire extensometer

    With data logger

    Borehole extensometer (Slope Indicator, Ltd.)

    Surface rod extensometer (crackmeter)

    Vibrating wire displacement gauge (or a vernier for manual readings or a linear transducer) accuracy <1mm

    Tape extensometer

    Rod Extensometers ISMES, Valtellina, Italy ETH, Switzerland

    Borehole inclinometer (Slope Indicator)

    Some inclinometer applications (Slope Indicator, Ltd.)

    Time domain reflectometry (TDR)

    Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SAR)

    Piezometers
    SEAL

    1) Observation well (open) not a piezometer


    SAND PACK

    3) Standipe (Casagrande) piezometer

    AIR

    2) Pneumatic piezometer

    4) Electric piezometer (Vibrating Wire)

    MEMBRANE

    Piezometer comparison

    Slope Indicator multipoint vibrating wire piezometer

    Grasberg, 2003

    Monitoring Interpretation

    Chuquicamata Mine, Chile, 1968


    Movement vector F-2

    Microseismic events/day

    Chuquicamata Mine, Chile, 1968


    Movement vector F-2

    Microseismic events/day

    Inverse Velocity Method (Fukuzono, 1985)


    Normal

    Inverse

    Inverse Velocity Method, more examples


    La Clapiere France Prediction

    Real

    Tripp Mine: slow failure

    Inverse Velocity Method, another example

    1.0 0.9 0.8

    35 30

    VELOCITY (cm/day)

    Predicted velocity curves (based on inverse-velocity fits) compared with actual velocity data

    25 20 15 10 5 0

    INVERSE VELOCITY (days/cm)

    0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 45 40 35

    45

    40

    35 30 25 20 15 10 TIME BEFORE FAILURE (DAYS)

    18 million m3 pit slope failure prediction (Rose and Hungr, 2006)


    Regression coeffiecient (R2) = 99% for all inverse-velocity fits

    TIME BEFORE FAILURE (DAYS)


    1-Aug-01

    30

    25

    20

    15

    10

    18-Jul-01

    25-Jul-01

    DATE

    8-Aug-01

    15-Aug-01

    22-Aug-01

    29-Aug-01

    Use of inverse velocity to monitor stabilization progress (Rose and Hungr, 2006)
    Midnight Fault Pats Fault

    Two faults and a pre-sheared silt layer, 3 million m3

    Carlin waxy silt unit


    2

    Stabilization of Slope Displacements


    Scale 100m

    INVERSE VELOCITY (days/cm)

    1.5

    Buttress and Offload Remedial Measures

    0.5

    Regression Coeffiecient (R2) = 96 to 99% for all Inverse-Velocity Fits.


    105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

    TIME BEFORE FAILURE (DAYS)


    1-May-02 16-May-02 31-May-02 15-Jun-02 30-Jun-02 16-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 15-Aug-02

    DATE

    Total Displacement?
    100 m pre-historic movement

    New crack

    ValPola rock avalanche, 1986

    Small rock slides

    Libby Dam, Montana, 1971 Prediction not feasible

    Purpose of monitoring
    1) Movement detection, failure prediction 2) Vector solutions, interpretation of failure mechanism

    Predicted rupture surface (Cruden, 1986)

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