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    Depression

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    fars fars
    1. Depression is defined as a mental state characterized by persistently low mood and loss of interest or pleasure. It occurs twice as frequently in women compared to men. 2. There are two main types of depression: major depression and dysthymia. Major depression is caused by factors within an individual and is characterized by symptoms like sadness, guilt, and suicidal thoughts. Dysthymia is caused by stressful events and is characterized by early insomnia and feeling better in groups. 3. Treatment for depression includes pharmacotherapy using antidepressants, psychosocial therapies like cognitive therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy for severe cases. Nursing management focuses on ensuring patient safety, encouraging expression of feelings, monitoring for suicidal thoughts, and providing

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    Depression

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    fars fars
    38 views5 pages
    1. Depression is defined as a mental state characterized by persistently low mood and loss of interest or pleasure. It occurs twice as frequently in women compared to men. 2. There are two main types of depression: major depression and dysthymia. Major depression is caused by factors within an individual and is characterized by symptoms like sadness, guilt, and suicidal thoughts. Dysthymia is caused by stressful events and is characterized by early insomnia and feeling better in groups. 3. Treatment for depression includes pharmacotherapy using antidepressants, psychosocial therapies like cognitive therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy for severe cases. Nursing management focuses on ensuring patient safety, encouraging expression of feelings, monitoring for suicidal thoughts, and providing

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    1. Depression is defined as a mental state characterized by persistently low mood and loss of interest or pleasure. It occurs twice as frequently in women compared to men. 2. There are two main types of depression: major depression and dysthymia. Major depression is caused by factors within an individual and is characterized by symptoms like sadness, guilt, and suicidal thoughts. Dysthymia is caused by stressful events and is characterized by early insomnia and feeling better in groups. 3. Treatment for depression includes pharmacotherapy using antidepressants, psychosocial therapies like cognitive therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy for severe cases. Nursing management focuses on ensuring patient safety, encouraging expression of feelings, monitoring for suicidal thoughts, and providing

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    38 views5 pages

    Depression

    Uploaded by

    fars fars
    1. Depression is defined as a mental state characterized by persistently low mood and loss of interest or pleasure. It occurs twice as frequently in women compared to men. 2. There are two main types of depression: major depression and dysthymia. Major depression is caused by factors within an individual and is characterized by symptoms like sadness, guilt, and suicidal thoughts. Dysthymia is caused by stressful events and is characterized by early insomnia and feeling better in groups. 3. Treatment for depression includes pharmacotherapy using antidepressants, psychosocial therapies like cognitive therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy for severe cases. Nursing management focuses on ensuring patient safety, encouraging expression of feelings, monitoring for suicidal thoughts, and providing

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    ‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

    ‫تمريض نفسيه‬

    ‫‪Presentation about:‬‬

    ‫‪Depression‬‬
    ‫تحت إشراف ‪/‬‬ ‫عمل الطالب ‪/‬‬

    ‫د‪ /‬فوزيه عبدالحليم‬ ‫عبداهلل خالد محمد ق ايد الحياسي‬

    ‫د‪ /‬كمال بادي‬

    ‫د‪ /‬وجدان العبدي‬

    ‫‪1‬‬
     Definition:
    - Depression is mental state of excessive sadness characterized by
    persistently low mood, loss pleasure and interest.
    - Depression in male is 8-12 percent and in female 20-26 percent.
    - Depression occurs twice frequently in women as in men.

     Types:
    1- Major depression.
    2- Dysthymia : (history 2 years, 2 signs of depression, continuous, & not
    absence more than 2 months).

     Differences between major depression & Dysthymia:


    Major depression Dysthymia
    Caused by factors with in Caused by stressful event.
    individuals.
    Premorbid personality: cyclothymic Premorbid personality: anxious or
    dysthymic. obsessive.
    Late insomnia. Early insomnia.
    More sad in the morning. More sad in the evening.
    Feel better when alone. Feel better when in group.
    Psychotic feature as Psychomotor Usually Psychomotor retardation
    retardation, suicidal tendencies, and
    delusion etc. are common. No other psychotic.
    Releases are comes. Relapses are uncommon.
    ETC & antidepressants are used for Psychotherapy & antidepressants are
    management. Used for management.
    Insight is absent. Insight is present.

    2
     Clinical features:
    - Five or more of following symptoms have been present during the
    same 2 weeks.
    - Period and represent change from previous functioning at least one
    of the symptoms.
     Is either (1) depressive mood
    -Depressed mood: sadness, loss pleasure and interest.
    -Depressive cognition: hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness,
    unreasonable Guilt and self-blame.
    -Suicidal thought.
    -Psychomotor retardation: restlessness, retarded patient thinks, walk and
    acts, Felling uneasiness.
    -Psychotic features: delusions and hallucinations.
    -Somatic symptoms of depression: decrease or increase in appetite and
    weight, Insomnia or hypersomnia, Psychomotor retardation, lack reactivity.

     Medical treatment:
    (1)- Pharmacotherapy:
    - TCA or MARI: Imipramine 75 - 300 mg / day.
    Amitriptyline 75 - 300 mg / day.
    Clomipramin 75 – 300 mg / day.
    Mianserin 30 - 120 mg / day.
    - SSRI: Fluoxetine 10 – 80 mg / day.
    Sertraline 50 – 200 mg / day.
    - MAOI: Trazodone 150 - 600 mg / day.
    Isocarboxazid 10 – 30 – 120 mg / day.
    - Dopaminergic antidepressants: fluvoxamine 50 - 300 mg / day.
    - Typical antidepressants: Amineptine 100 - 400 mg / day.

    3
    (2)- Psychosocial treatment
    - Cognitive therapy.
    - Supportive therapy.
    - Group therapy.
    - Family therapy.
    - Behavior therapy.

    (3)- ECT
     Indication:
    - Unresponsive or contraindications use antidepressants.
    - The pt. Immediate risk for suicide too great to wait for response to
    antidepressants.
    - Urgent need for rapid recovery.

     Contraindications:
    - Increase ICP.
    - Space-occupying lesions in the brain.
    - Recent history of MI.
    - Larger aneurysms.

     Good prognostic:
    - Acute onset.
    - Severe depression.
    - Good response.
    - Well-adjusted premorbid personality.
    - Typical clinical features.

    4
     Bad prognostic factors:
    - Double depression.
    - Chronic ongoing stress.
    - Poor drug compliance.
    - Co-morbid physical disease.
    - Marked hypochondrial features.

     Nursing management:
    - Create safe environment for pt.
    - Ask pt. directly "have your thought about harming yourself in any way?"
    - Close observation.
    - Encourage the pt. to express his feelings.
    - Provide simple activity and easily achieved activity
    - Allow the pt. to take decisions regarding own care.
    - Observe for non-verbal communication.
    - Introduce the pt. to another pt. who is quite and possibility convalescing
    from depression.
    - Provides comfortable measures (back rub, warm milk, tipid bath).
    - Don't allow pt. to sleep for long time during day.
    - Give pt. sedative as prescribed.
    - Closely monitor pt.'s food & fluid intake.
    - Record pt.'s weight regularly.
    - Encourage more fluid, rough age & green leafy vegetables.
    - Ensure that his take bath regularly.
    - When the pt. has taken care of himself, express realistic appreciation.
     Resources:
    - A guide for mental health & psychiatric nursing.
    - Previous research.
    - Psychiatric nursing.

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